Ldce A'bad Report of Chital Main File

DETAIL PROJECT REPORT
VISHWAKARMA YOJNA: VII

AN APPROACH TOWARDS RURBANISATION
Village: Chital
District: Amreli
PREPARED BY
NAME BRANCH NAME ENROLLMENT NO

HARDIK VYAS CIVIL ENGINEERING 160280106121
KEVIN H. VYAS CIVIL ENGINEERING 160280106115
Nodal Officer
L.D. College of Engineering Prof.Utkarsh P.Nigam (Asst. Prof.)
Ahmedabad L.D. College of Engineering
YEAR: 2019-20
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Chandkheda, Ahmedabad – 382424 Gujarat
Vishwakarma Yojana: Phase VII
DETAIL PROJECT REPORT

ON
VISHWAKARMA YOJNA: VII

AN APPROACH TOWARDS RURBANISATION
Village: Chital
Amreli: District
Prepared By
Nodal Officer Name:

L.D. College of Engineering Prof. Utkarsh P. Nigam, Asst. Prof.
Ahmedabad L.D. College of Engineering
Year: 2019-20
Gujarat Technological University,
Chandkheda, Ahmedabad – 382424 Gujarat
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the following students of Degree/ Diploma Engineering successfully
submitted
Detail Project Report for
Chital Village, Amreli District
Under
Vishwakarma Yojana: Phase-VII

In Partial fulfillment of the project offered by
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, CHANDKHEDA
During the academic year 2019-20.
This project work has been carried out by them under our supervision and guidance.

Date of Report Submission: 31st Dec. 2019

Principal Name and Signature: Dr. R. K. Gajjar
VY-Nodal Officer Name and Signature: Prof. Utkarsh P. Nigam
Internal(Evaluator) Guide Name and

Signature:
College name: L. D. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, AHMEDABAD

College Stamp:
ABSTRACT
The Government of Gujarat has launched Vishwakarma Yojana (scheme) for
development of villages by identifying the requirements of villages. Under this scheme,
the villages are surveyed and this project was identified and selected for implementation.
Rurbanisation is to bring peace of mind to the villagers by providing them the basic
amenities required and still keeping the village soul intact. This project gives one new
idea for Development of rural villages. Also gives procedure how they fulfil requirement
of the villages. Now a day people are moving from rural to urban area due to lack of
basic amenities. With the help of this Yojana we can bring awareness about the thing
which are not available at rural areas. So this help to provide better solution for the
available problems in rural area like drinking water, Drainage facility road network, etc.
Chital village is in Amreli taluka and Amreli district. In Amreli village people are
engaged with the agriculture and Business activity. In this village some educated people
went to Amreli for work and some people go for labours work and for other purpose. The
main source of water is bore wall and in the village.
In this village water supply system is good but drainage and sewer network is
Completed. Also the door to door collection in this village is not good. In some place in
the village the waste is very high level. Transportation facilities is not that much good.
There is no any toilet block are available but even after some of the Clean India mission
the toilet blocks and water closets have been made. For the survey of villager we collect
some basic data about village like population of the village, political background of
village, Area of Village. Then we will Compare village Facilities with Ideal and smart
village.
In Chital village Based on gap analysis and condition of existing facilities based
on the interviews, we have proposed design and estimation of some required designs. The
details have been expressed in details in the report.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are highly indented to Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad for providing
us such opportunity to work under Vishwakarma Yojana to get real work experience and
applying our technical knowledge in the development of Villages.
We wish to express our deep sense of gratitude to Prof. Dr. Navin Sheth, Hon‘ble Vice
Chancellor, Gujarat Technological University-Ahmedabad, for his encouragement and
support during project work.
We also express our gratitude to Prof.(Dr.) S.D.Panchal, Registrar, Gujarat

Technological University-Ahmedabad,
We express our sincere thanks to Commissionerate of Technical Education, Gujarat

State for appreciating and acknowledging our work.
We express our sincere thanks to DDO, TDO, Sarpanch and staff members of, Amreli,
Chital for providing us with requisite data whenever we approached them. Especially our
thanks are to all villagers and stake holders for their support during Survey.
We are always thankful to Dr. R.K.Gajjar, Principal LDCE, Ahmedabad for her
constant support and motivation towars practical learning. Foremost, we would
like to express my sincere gratitude to our guide Prof.U.P. Nigam for the
continuous support of our project study and research, for her patience, motivation,
enthusing and immense knowledge. Her guidance helped us in all time of research
and writing of this report. We could not have imagined a better advisor and mentor
for our project study.
We offer our special gratitude to our Head of Department Dr.R.B.Khasiya and all
faculty members, Civil Engineering Department for their help and support. Above
all we would like to thank our Parents, family members and Friends for their
encouragement and support rendered in completion of the present this work.
We are also thankful to Dr.Parulkumari Bhati, Deputy Director and Ms. Darshana
Chauhan, OSD of Vishwakarma Yojana, for all support during our work. We
therefore, take this opportunity for this Project work expressing our deep gratitude and
sincere thanks to her that without whose help and cooperation, it might not have been
possible for us to produce this project work in the present form.
Above all we would like to thank our Parents, family members and Friends for their
encouragement and support rendered in completion of the present this work.
Vishwakarma Yojana: Phase VII Village: Chital, District: Amreli
CONTENT
INDEX CONTENT PAGE
Cover NOI
Certificate II
Abstract III
Index 1
List of Tables 7
List of Figures 8
1. Ideal village visit from District of Gujarat State (Civil & Electrical Concept) 10
1.1 Background & Study Area Location 11
1.2 Concept: Ideal Village, Normal Village 11
1.2.1 Objectives 14
1.2.2 Example / Live Case studies of ideal village of India/Gujarat 14
1.2.3 The Idea of a model/Smart Village 14
1.2.4 Ancient History Civil / Electrical concept about Indian Village / Foreign 15
Countries Perspective and its Development
1.3 Detail study (Socio economic, physical, demographic and infrastructure details) 15
of Ideal village / Smart Village with photograph
1.4 SWOT analysis of Ideal village / Smart Village 21
1.5 Future prospects of village 26
1.6 Benefits of the visits of Ideal village / Smart Village 26
1.7 Electrical concept of Ideal village / Smart Village 26
2. <Chital> Literature Review – (Civil & Electrical Concept) 28
2.1 Introduction: Urban & Rural 29
2.2 Ancient Villages / Different Definition of: Rural Urban Villages 29
2.3 Scenario: Rural / Urban India & Gujarat as per Census 2011 and latest 29
population
2.4 Growth
Rural Issues & Concerns 30
2.5 Various Measures for Rural Development 30
2.6 Various infrastructure & guidelines/Norms for Villages for the provisions of 30
different infrastructure facilities
2.7 Importance in rural context 31
2.8 Sustainable Village Development concept 32
2.9 Other Projects / Schemes 32
2.10 Ancient / Existing Electrical concept Literature Review for village 32
3. Smart (Cities / Village) Concept as per your Idea and its Visit (Civil & Electrical 35
Concept)
3.1 Concepts, Definitions and Practices 36
Gujarat Technological University Page 1

36
3.2 Bench Marks-Vision-Goals, Standards and Performance Measurement Indicators
3.3 Technological Options 39

3.4 Road Map and Safe Guards 39
3.5 Issues & Challenges 41
3.6 Smart Infrastructure 42
3.7 Cyber Security or any other concept as per the (ANNEXURE 1) 43
3.8 District Cooling and Heating / Green Building 43
3.9 Strategic Options for Fast Development 44
3.10 India's Urban Water and Sanitation Challenges and Role of Indigenous 46
Technologies
3.11 Initiatives in village development by local self-government 47
3.12 Smart Initiatives by District Municipal Corporation 51
3.13 Any Projects contributed working by Government / NGO / Other Digital 51
Country concept
3.14 How to implement other Countries smart villages projects in Indian village 51
cotext (Regarding
3.15 Electrical Environment , Employment,
concept 53
4. About <<Chital> 54
4.1 Introduction 54
4.1.1 Introduction About <Allocated Village> Village details 54
4.1.2 Justification/ need of the study 55
4.1.3 Study Area (Broadly define) 55
4.1.4 Objectives of the study 55
4.1.5 Scope of the Study 56
4.1.6 Methodology Frame Work for development of your village 56
4.1.7 List of Objects Available related to Civil / Electrical Methodology 58
4.2 <ALLOCATED VILLAGE> Study Area Profile 58
4.2.1 Study Area Location 59
4.2.2 Physical & Demographical Growth 59
4.2.3 Brief history 61
4.2.4 Economic profile / Banks 61
4.2.5 Actual Problem faced by Villagers and smart solution 62
4.2.5 Social scenario 63
4.2.6 Base Location map, Land Map, Gram Tal Map 64
4.2.7 Preservation of traditions, Festivals, Cuisine 64
4.2.8 To know the reasons of migration / trends of migration / problems and potentials of 65
migrants
4.2.9 Study area land use details 65

4.3. Data Collection <Chital> (Photograph/Graphs/Charts/Table) 65

4.3.1 Methods for data collection 66
4.3.2 Primary survey details 66
4.3.3 Average size of the House 67
4.3.4 Geo-Tagging of House 67
4.3.5 No of Human being in One House 67
4.3.6 Which Material used locally 67
4.3.7 Out Sourced Material 67
4.3.8 Labor work doing 67
4.3.9 Any Costing 68
4.3.10 Geographical Detail 68
4.3.11 Demographical Detail 68
4.3.12 Occupational Detail 68
4.3.13 Agricultural Details / Organic Farming / Fishery 68
4.3.14 Manufacturing HUB / Ware Houses 69
4.3.15 Tourism Cluster 69
4.3.16 Services Cluster 69
4.3.17 Male / Female Details 69
4.3.18 Cast Wise Population Details / Which ID proof using by villagers 69
4.3.19 Occupation wise Details / Majority business 69
4.3.20 Physical Infrastructure Facilities 70
4.4 Infrastructure Details ( With Exiting Photograph) 71
4.4.1 Drinking Water / Water Management Facilities 71
4.4.2 Drainage Network / Sanitation Facilities 71
4.4.3 Transportation & Road Network 71
4.4.4 Housing condition 71
4.4.5 Social Infrastructure Facilities , Health , Education , Community Hall , Library 71
4.4.6 Technology Mobile/ WIFI / Internet Usage Details. In % 72
4.4.7 Sports Activity as Gram Panchayat 72
4.4.8 Socio-Cultural Facilities , Public Garden /Park/Playground /Pond/ Other 72
Recreation Facilities
4.4.9 Other Facilities 74
4.4.10 Sustainable Infrastructure Facilities & Repair & Maintenance 74
4.4.11 Existing Condition of Public Buildings & Maintenance of existing Public 75
Infrastructures
4.4.12 Any other details 75
4.4.13 Electrical Concept 75

4.4.14 Renewable energy source planning particularly for villages 75

4.4.15 Irrigation Facilities 76
4.4.16 Electricity Facilities with Area 77
4.4.16 Existing Institution like - Village Administration – Detail Profile 77
4.4.17 Bachat Mandali 77
4.4.18 Dudh Mandali 78
4.4.19 Mahila forum 78
4.4.20 Plantation for the Air Pollution 78
4.4.21 Rain Water Harvesting 78
4.4.22 Agricultural Development 78
4.4.23 Any Other 79
5. Sustainable Technical Options with Case Studies of the Existing Village 80
5.1 Concept (Civil) 81
5.1.1 Advance construction techniques 81
5.1.2 Causes Prevention And Repair of Cracks In Building / 82
rectification of building tilt / rehabilitation techniques
5.1.3 Disaster management in natural calamities 82
5.1.4 Various types of Roads / Intelligent transport system 83
5.1.5 Various type of Environmental Factors 84
5.1.6 E – waste disposal / Any West disposal 84
5.1.7 Corrosion Mechanism, Prevention & Repair Measures of RCC Structure 85
5.2 Concept (Electrical) 85
5.2.1 Local / Out Source of Energy 85
5.2.2 Auto Intensity Controlled Solar LED Street Light / High Power LED 85
5.2.3 Automatic Water Plant System / Designing of DC Motor Speed Control Unit / 85
Irrigation Water Pump Controller for Illiterates Using GSM
5.1.4 Central Control Unit for Irrigation Water Pumps Construction 86
5.1.5 Design of Sensing Soil Moisture Content By Auto Irrigation System 86
5.1.6 Energy Meter Reading with Load Control Using GSM 86
5.1.7 Street Light Monitoring and Control System 86
6. Feasibility, Construction, Operation and maintenance of various design for 87
sanitation facility options in Rural Areas along with cost Various Designs in
Rural Areas along with cost with AutoCAD designs / planning
6.1 Civil 88
6.1.1 Deep wells with submersible pumps 89
6.2.2 Shallow wells 89
6.2.3 Rainwater harvesting 89
6.2.4 Deep wells with submersible pumps 90
6.2.5 Shallow wells with lined walls and covers 92

6.2 Electrical 92
6.2.6 Solar thermal collector 92
6.2.7 zero emission generation methods 93
6.2.8 Wind Power 93
6.2.9 Wireless Data Acquisition System For Energy Tapping Identifier 93
6.2.10 Testing of Electrical Loads Life Cycle By Down Counter 94
7. Swatchh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India) 95
7.1 Which type of swatchhta needed in your village explaining Existing Situation 95
with photograph
7.2 Guidelines for the process of the implementation in your village with 96
photograph
7.3 Actual Activity Done by Students for making your village Clean with 98
Photograph
8. Sustainable Design Planning Proposal (Prototype Design)- Part- I ( Scenario / 99
Existing Situation / Proposed Design in Auto cad / Recapitulation Sheet /
Measurement Sheet / Abstract Sheet / Sustainability of Proposal)
100 to
8.1 Design Proposals
122
8.2 Recommendations of the Design 123
8.3 Suggestions / Benefit of the villagers 124
8.2 Sustainable Design 124
8.3 Physical design 124
8.4 Social design 124
8.5 Socio-Cultural design 124
8.6 Smart Village Design 124
9. Future Development of the Village(for the PART-II Design) 125
10. Conclusion (Entire Village Project) 126
11. References 127
12. Annexure 128
12.1 Scanned copy (for Part-I), Original (for–Part-II) Ideal Village Survey Form Onward
12.2 Scanned copy (for Part-I), Original (for–Part-II) Smart Village (Gujarati) Survey s
details
12.3 Scanned copy (for Part-I), Original (for–Part-II) <Allocated Village> Techno-
Economic Survey Form.
12.4 Gap Analysis
12.5 Summary of All Villages Designs as Part-I and Part-II , in Table Format
12.6 Drawings A3 (If, A4 design is not visible then Only)

12.7 Summary of Good Photographs in Table Format (village visits, Ideal, Smart Village
or any other)
12.8 Village Interaction Report with the photograph as a report format
12.9 Sarpanch Letter (village design proposal shown to the Sarpanch interaction report)
12.10 TDO-DDO-Collector sending email of the Soft copy of the report(Finally in
Part-II)
12.11 SAGY Questionnaire - Sarpanch Signature (Original Form) (for–Part-II)
12.12 MISSION ANTYODAYA SURVEY(Original Form) (for–Part-II)

LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TABLES LISTING PAGE NO
NO
1 Table 1: Basic amenities in ideal village Punsari 24
2 Table 2: Other amenities in ideal village Punsari 25
3 Table 3: Population detail of village 25
4 Table 4: Economic Status 26
5 Table 5: Literacy profile 26
6 Table 6: Census Details 33
7 Table 7: Land use Detail 34
8 Heath facilities (Table 8) 34
9 Table 9: Socio-cultural facilities 35
10 Table 10: Other Facilities 35
11 Table 11: Various parameters for design amenities 41
12 Table 12: Census Details: Chital 63
13 Table 13: Basic Particular Details 63
15 Heath facilities (Table 15) 64
16 Table 16: Socio-cultural facilities 66
18 Heath Facilities (Table 18) 69
19 Education facilities (Table 19) 69
20 Table 20: CHITAL: DEMOGRAPHY 71
21 Table 21: Cast Wise Population Details 72
22 Table 22: Occupation detail in percentage 72
23 Heath Facilities (Table 23) 73
24 Education facilities (Table 24) 73
25 Table 25: PROP. CONSTRUCTION WORK OF BUS STOP 104
26 TABLE 26: PROP. CONSTRUCTION WORK OF 109
COMMUNITY HALL
27 Table 27: Measurement sheet & Abstract sheet for Proposed 110
design of Public Garden
28 Table 28: Measurement sheet & Abstract sheet for Designed 112
Solar based water supply plant
29 Table 29: Measurement sheet & Abstract sheet for proposed 117
bridge;
30 Table 30: Measurement sheet & Abstract sheet for Solid Waste 119
Management Chamber

LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE FIGURES LISTING PAGE NO

NO
1 Fig 1: Foreign Minister Visited Ideal Village Punsari 16
2 FIG 2: VILLAGE MAP OF PUNSARI (GUJARAT) 16
3 Fig.3: ENTRANCE GATE PUNSARI 18
4 Fig.4: SBI Bank & ATM PUNSARI 18
5 FIG.5: Primary School PUNSARI 18
6 FIG.6: BIRD HOUSE PUNSARI 18
7 FIG.7: GOVT. PRIMARY SCHOOL 19
8 FIG.8: DIGITAL IT SECTION 19
9 FIG.9: POST OFFICE, PUNSARI 19
10 FIG.10: AUTOMATED FLOOR WHEEL 19
11 FIG.11: OLD WATER TANK, PUNSARI 20
12 FIG.12: CLINICAL FACILITY (PRIVATE) 20
13 FIG.13: AANGANBADI AREA, PUNSARI 20
14 FIG.14: PUNSARI BUS STAND 20
15 Fig. 15: Methodology of the framework 34
16 Fig. 16 Smart city: Perspectives 39
17 Fig. 17 : Road Map for Smart City & Guards (Source: IE 40
Insight)
18 Fig 18: Development of Human Being 42
19 FIG.19 Bank & ATM, MADHI VILLAGE 48
20 FIG.20 PRIMARY SCHOOL MADHI 48
21 FIG.21 TEMPLE, MADHI VILLAGE 48
22 FIG.22 VILLAGE EXPOSURE AND TANK 48
23 FIG.23 EXISTING ROAD NETWORK 49
24 FIG.24 AAGANBADI KENDRA, MADHI 49
25 FIG.25 MADHI VILLAGE 49
26 FIG.26 BASE MAP VIJAPUR TEHSIL 49
27 FIG.27 MADHI GRAM PANCHAYAT 50
28 FIG.28 MADHI PANCHAYAT OFFICE 50
29 FIG.29 WATER TANK 50
30 FIG.30 BUS STAND, MADHI VILLAGE 50
31 Fig.31: Chital Village Location Map 59
32 Fig.32: Land map of Chital 59
33 Fig.33: Chital Village Location Map 64
34 Fig.34 Land map of Chital 64
35 Fig.35 Village Entry 72
36 Fig.36 Bus Stand Rest Region 72
37 Fig.37 Road By Pass 72

38 Fig.38 Check Dam 72

39 Fig.39 Village Panchayat, Chital 73
40 Fig.40 Bridge at Chital 73
41 Fig.41: Village Bridge 73
42 Fig.42 : Chital Rly Stand 73
43 Fig.43: Chital Village Temple 74
44 Fig.44: Police Station 74
45 Fig.45: Shallow well 89
46 Fig.46: Rainwater Harvesting System 90
47 Fig.47: Water Blockage nuisance needs to be cleaned 96
48 Fig.48: Unpaved area of the villages needs to be cleaned 97
49 Fig.49: Roads to be cleaned twice a day 97
50 Fig.50: Water Blockage has to be handled to prevent water 98
logging
51 Fig.51: Construction waste has to be cleaned as and when 98
constructed
52 Fig. 52: Proposed Bus stand, Chital (Plan, Section, Elevation) 101
53 Fig. 53: Proposed Community Hall, Chital (Plan, Section, 106
Elevation)
54 Fig. 54: Proposed Design of Public Garden, Chital Village 110
55 Fig.55: Design Plan, Section, Elevation of Solar Based Water 112
pumping station
56 Fig. 56: Proposed Design of Bridge Chital Village 116
57 Fig. 57: Proposed design of Solid Waste Management 119
Chamber
ABBREVIATIONS
SHORT NAME / FULL NAME
SYMBOL
RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete
PCC Plain Cement Concrete
BM Brick Masonry
CPWD Central Public Work Department
IRC Indian Road Congress
MS Mild Steel
CI Cast Iron

CHAPTER
1
Ideal village visit
1.1 Background & Study Area Location

1.2 Concept: Ideal Village, Normal Village
1.2.1 Objectives
1.2.2 Example / Live Case studies of ideal village of India/Gujarat
1.2.3 The Idea of a model/Smart Village1.1 Background & Study Area Location
1.2.1 Objectives
1.2.3 The Idea of a model/Smart Village
1.2.4 Ancient History Civil / Electrical concept about Indian Village / Foreign
1.3 Detail study (Socio economic, physical, demographic and infrastructure details)
1.4 SWOT analysis of Ideal village / Smart Village
1.5 Future prospects of village
1.6 Benefits of the visits of Ideal village / Smart Village
1.7 Electrical concept of Ideal village / Smart Village

1.1 Background & Study Area Location

An ideal Indian village will be so constructed as to lend itself to perfect sanitation. It will have
cottages with sufficient light and ventilation built of a material obtainable within a radius of five
miles of it. The cottages will have courtyards enabling householders to plant vegetables for
domestic use and to house their cattle. The village lanes and streets will be free of all avoidable
dust. It will have wells according to its needs and accessible to all. It will have houses of worship
for all, also a common meeting place, a village common for grazing its cattle, a co-operative
dairy, primary and secondary schools in which industrial education will be the central fact, and it
will have Panchayats for settling disputes. It will produce its own grains, vegetables and fruit,
and its own Khadi. This is roughly my idea of a model village. In the present circumstances its
cottages will remain what they are with slight improvements. Given a good zamindar, where
there is one, or co-operation among the people, almost the whole of the programme other than
model cottages can be worked out at expenditure within means of the villagers including the
zamindar or zamindars, without Government assistance. With that assistance there is no limit to
the possibility of village reconstruction. But my task just now is to discover what the villagers
can do to help themselves if they have mutual co-operation and contribute voluntary labour for
the common good. I am convinced that they can, under intelligent guidance, double the village
income as distinguished from individual income.
By this Vishwakarma yojana project government want technical solution of the problem of
villages at the engineering point of view. In this project the common problem of village are
solved by the engineering students.
The basic need of rural development program have been alleviation of poverty and
unemployment through creation of basic social and economic infrastructure ,provision of training
to rural unemployed youth and providing employment to marginal Farmers/Laborers to
discourage seasonal and permanent migration to urban areas
Through various government departments are involved in various infrastructural
development works, a holistic view and modern solutions (aesthetic, Vastushastra) etc. can be
provided by new engineers under Vishwakarma yojana. Study of villages is done by the students
with this view.
Mahatma Gandhi had once said that 'The future of India lies in its villages'. Even today, villages
are like the backbone of a country where almost seventy percent of our population dwell. In
order to call a village an ideal one, it should have the following traits:

Villagers or Inhabitants
A village is formed, governed and maintained by its villagers. The People of an ideal village
should be honest and hard-working. They should possess qualities like tolerance to every faith
and religion, brotherhood and unity. They should live like a large family and help one another in
the hour of need. They should have a sense of discipline and a spirit of service before self. They
should keep themselves abreast of not only the happenings of the village but also of the country
and the world as a whole. They should always be active and cheerful. Simple living and high
thinking should be their motto in life.
Basic Infra-structures
Besides the people, an ideal village should have the following basic infra-structures:
Good Connectivity
Good connectivity is one of the most essential requirements of an ideal village. The village
should be well-connected to other parts of the country by roads and also by rails, if possible. The
streets and lanes of the village should also be well maintained so that people can easily commute
from one part to another.
Houses
The houses should be neat and clean. They should be well-ventilated to allow free flow of light
and air. There should be good arrangement for proper sanitation and drainage system.
Sufficient sources of potable water
An ideal village should have good supply of clean drinking water. There should be enough wells,
tube-wells and even submersibles to meet the needs of the villagers. It would help everyone get
good drinking water. There should also be separate ponds for villagers to take bath and to get
water for their cattle.
Proper sanitation and drainage facilities
An ideal village should have good system of sanitation and drainage so that dirty water and
waste can be easily drained out. It would help the village keep clean and free from many diseases
caused by filthy water. It would also save the villagers from water-logging during the rainy
season.

Pasture land for cattle
Almost every villager living in a village keeps cattle. There should be enough paster land for
grazing of their cattle. Generally, it should be within the village, at a distance from the houses or
just outside the village
Food and fodder
The villagers grow food and vegetables not only for themselves but also for the urban people.
They also grow fodder for their cattle. They also produce dairy, poultry and other products for
their own consumption as well as for supply to urban areas. There should be proper arrangements
in the village itself to provide them with good seeds and all assistance related to their produces.
Wholesale market within the village
Most of the people living in villages are farmers by profession. They grow food crops, cash crops
and fodders in their fields. While they consume the food crops for themselves and the fodder for
their cattle, the cash crops the other surplus products are sold in the market to meet their other
requirements. There should be provision for wholesale market in the village itself so that the
villagers can sell their surplus products there at reasonable rates and get good return. This would
save them from the hands of the middle men and bring prosperity.
Cottage Industries
An ideal village should have well-established small cottage industries so that the artisans and
small farmers can utilize their skills and extra time to produce articles necessary for day to day
use and earn a handsome profit by selling them in the market.
Healthcare Centres and hospitals
Besides food, the other most important aspect of human life is health. An ideal village should
have proper facilities taking care of the health of the villagers as well as of their cattle and
poultry. There should be one-two healthcare centres depending upon the population of the
village. A small hospital also adds to the quality of such a village. Besides health centres for the
villagers, veterinary dispensaries should also be there to take care of their live-stock.
Educational facilities

An ideal village should have proper arrangements of education for the children. There should be
Primary schools and High schools so that the little children need not go out of the village for
education. Primary education should be free and compulsory for every child up to a certain age.
There should also be soft skills training centres and preferably an adult education centre for the
elders who want to get education. In addition to the above, some other facilities like a post-
office, college, playground for children and a meeting place for elders should also be part of an
ideal village.
1.2.1 Objectives
An ideal village should have all possible provisions and basic intra-structures for the all-round
development of the people living there. The life in such a village would be such as would never
lure a person to leave his home and dowel in an urban area.
Village of Millionaires. Hiware Bazar, Maharashtra. ...

Asia's Cleanest Village. MAWLYNNONG, MEGHALAYA. ...
Smart Village of Gujarat. PUNSARI, GUJARAT. ...
Solar Village of Bihar. ...
An Indian village that distributes sweets when a girl is born. ...
Village of scarecrows. ...
The Twin Village of Kerala. ...
1.2.3 The Idea of a model/Smart Village
Any village can become such a republic today without much interference, even from the present
Government whose sole effective connection with the villages is the exaction of the village
revenue. I have not examined here the question of relations with the neighbouring villages and
the centre if any. My purpose is to present an outline of village government. Here there is perfect
democracy based upon individual freedom. The individual is the architect of his own
government. The law of non-violence rules him and his government. He and his village are able
to defy the might of a world. For the law governing every villager is that he will suffer death in
the defence of his and his village's honour.
There is nothing inherently impossible in the picture drawn here. To model such a village may be
the work of a lifetime. Any lover of true democracy and village life can take up a village, treat it
as his world and sole work, and he will find good results. He begins by being the village
scavenger, spinner, watchman, medicine man and school-master all at once. If nobody comes
near him, he will be satisfied with scavenging and spinning.
1.2.4 Ancient History Civil / Electrical concept about Indian Village / Foreign
In India as well as other developing countries the economic development strategies failed which
turn our attention to ‗Rural Development‘ as the main objective of development. The lessons of
the development experiences were as follows:
1. The practice of identifying development with growth in terms of aggregate figures was not
correct;
2. Economic growth had only selective impact which benefited the relatively developed areas
and the relatively better off people;
3. The percolation theory of growth had failed;
4. If development is not viewed only as growth, then the creation of employment opportunities
and deliberate distributive measures were required to achieve the objective of developing the
‗forgotten majority‘ of rural poor in developing countries,
5. Development should cover larger dimensions of the ‗quality of life‘ of the vast majority of the
people; and
6. The realization that the traditional method of agriculture in the developing countries could be
transformed through modern technology and modern farming practices were other aspects of the
rethinking on development.
A major consequence of all these ‗new truths‘ of the development experience is current concern
of ‗Rural Development‘. It occupied the central place in the development dialogue of the World
Bank, which became the champion of the cause
VILLAGE LOCATION:-
Punsari village is located in Gujarat state, district Sabarkntha, Taluka Talod.
Punsari is 20 km far from the Talod bus station. This connectivity is due to the district
road

Fig 1: Foreign Minister Visited Ideal Village Punsari (Date: 01/10/2018
FIG 2: VILLAGE MAP OF PUNSARI (GUJARAT)

The ideal village concept is a community village with a self-sustaining income producing
projects, independent electrification system generated from non-fuel based device, clean water
facility for drinking including water for irrigation, quality but affordable housing, school,
medical facilities for human being and animal, proper sanitation system, information Centre,
bank, police station, post office retail outlet for household and agriculture needs, communication
facility, connecting roads to nearby villages and towns, legal councilor. It‘s necessary to visit an
ideal village for our project. So we decided to get visit of Punsari.
An ideal village means:-
 Village which has a good connectivity with other villages and cities to communicate their
important data
 There is also facility to good R.C.C. and bituminous roads to connect of other cities.
 There is also a good rail ways for traveling and transporting.
 There is good water supply system for general public.
 There is good sanitary and sewage system to protect people from dirt and illness.
 In the ideal village there is also requirement for good govt. schools for the education and
development.
 There is also requirement for govt. offices like PWD department, Panchayat raj, post
office to communication, police station to protect their public.
 There is a scope of village development and developing of their local occupations.
 There is good educations system for public like, primary school, higher secondary school
and skill development center.
 There are also medical help center and govt. offices like post office, gram Panchayat,
govt. hospitals etc…
 There is many requirement of development and get progress also govt. and general
villagers.
We went in Punsari and visited all physical and social infrastructure of village. There is so many
facility. All facility is depicted below through photographs.

Fig.3: ENTRANCE GATE PUNSARI Fig.4: SBI Bank & ATM PUNSARI
FIG.5: Primary School PUNSARI FIG.6: BIRD HOUSE PUNSARI

FIG.7: GOVT. PRIMARY SCHOOL FIG.8: DIGITAL IT SECTION
FIG.9: POST OFFICE, PUNSARI FIG.10: AUTOMATED FLOOR WHEEL

FIG.11: OLD WATER TANK, PUNSARI FIG.12: CLINICAL FACILITY (PRIVATE)
FIG.13: AANGANBADI AREA, PUNSARI FIG.14: PUNSARI BUS STAND

Table 1: Basic amenities in ideal village Punsari
 Drinking water facilities  Individual toilets
 Rural roads  Play grounds
 Burial ground  Animal ground
 Community hall  Open air theater
 Citizen service center  Skill development center
 Water harvesting  Roads to farms
Table 2: Other amenities in ideal village Punsari

 Public library  Village tank/lake
 Water treatment plant  Street light (Solar
system)
 Shopping center  Electricity generation
plant
Resources available in ideal village:
Development, livelihood etc. could be utilized, and based on the specific demands of
the village, resource could be channelized into the development of the village. Some important
Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS) which could be utilized are NLM, NH, SSA, NRE A,
BRGF, RKVY and Mid-day Meal Scheme.
In Punsari village, CSR funds, of which a much larger corpus is available after the
latest
Amendment to the Companies Act, could also be used for the purpose of infrastructure

Development in the constituency.
Self-help groups, who are eligible for subsidized loans under various Central and State
government initiatives.
Gram Panchayat could also raise loans, if legally permitted to do so under the State Panchayat
Raj Acts.
Table 3: Population detail of village
2001 2011
MALE 2221 3246
FEMALE 2456 2798
TOTAL 4677 6044
Economic Profile:
The main economic activity of the people of the area is farming, and
other is business and job. Some People of this village is engage with dairy products
(Milk, butter and Ghee). The people who are living there because the transportation
facility is there which connect the Punsari to Talod, and Modasa City.
The people, who are businessmen, get more opportunity here because the area is
workers or the officers in the Talod city or in Punsari area other surrounding small
village‘s peoples are come in punsari because there is good employments opportunity.
This people preferred to live in Punsari because there is many facilities is available. The
basic economic activity is farming that people are also live in Punsari because there is
better facility for his children like primary school, higher secondary school, skill
development center, public library and public health center etc.
Table 4: Economic Status
Punsari Village
ECONOMICAL STATUS
PERCENTAGE (%)
FARMER 85.00

JOB 12.00
OTHER 03.00
Social Scenario:
Table 5: Literacy profile
Literacy profile of Punsari
Percentage (%)
MALE 84.84
FEMALE 53.06
TOTAL 69.38
Infrastructure facilities (All types):-

1) Main source of drinking water :
 Bore Well - 512
 Dug Well - 13
 Hand Pump – 3
 Bottled Water – 4 Rs. per 20 Lit.
 Water Tank – 100 Rs. per 1000 Lit.
2) Road Network :
 Village Approach Road - Good Condition
 Main Road – Good Condition
 Internal Street – Good ( Paved Block )
 State Highway – 44 km Far
 Major District Road – 19.75 Km Far
 Other District Road – 32.5 Km Far
3) Transport facility :
 Railway Station – 20 km far (Talod)
 Bus Station – 8 to 10 Bus Daily
 Local Transportation – Auto and Chhakara
4) Sanitation facility:
 Public Latrine Blocks : 4 Unit (Mobile Toilet)

 Solid and Liquid Waste Disposal System
 Waste Collection Facilities
5) Health facilities:
 Public Health Center
 Medical Center
 Nursing Homes
 Private Clinic
6) Educational Facilities:
 Anganwadi – 8 Nos.
 Primary School – 2 Nos.
 Secondary School – 1 Nos.
 Skill Development Center – 1 (Sewing Operating, Basic Computer Course etc.)
 College – 12 Km. Far
7) Socio - Culture Facilities:

 Community Hall ( With T.V )
 Public Library (With Daily News Paper Supply)
 Public Garden
 Village Pond
 Assembly Polling Center
8) Sustainable / Green Infrastructure Facilities:

 Adoption Of Non-Conventional Energy Sources/ Renewable Energy Sources
 Bio-gas Plant
 Solar Street Lights
 Rain Water Harvesting System
9) Other Facilities:
 Post Office
 Panchayat Building
 Agriculture Co-Operative Soc.
 Milk Co-Operative Soc.
 Youth Club
 Mandal

1.4 SWOT Analysis
SWOT Stands for the Stregth, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats:
Strength of Punsari village:

 Good response of sarpanch
 Guide facility for visitors
 24 hours Wi-Fi facilities
 Central sound system
 Woman empowerment (Sakhi mandal)
 24 X 7 Electricity available
 R.C.C. road in village
 Mobile Library
 Mobile Toilet Block
 Skill Development Centre
 Water Treatment plant
 Water Tank
Weakness of Punsari village:

 Old method of agricultural system
 Lack of maintenance of some existing facilities
Opportunity in Punsari village:

 Women Empowerment
 Skill Development Centre (Sewing Operating, Basic Computer Course, Beauty parlor
& Garment Sector)
 Private Nursing Homes
 Shopping Shops
Threat of Punsari village:

 Illiteracy of some people in village

 Develop Rain Water harvesting System In village

 Use Of This Water For Agriculture and Domestic Purpose
 Provide Drainage facilities And They Provide Solid Waste Reduce Machine
 Well Maintain Sanitation Facilities

 Cleanliness of Village
 Good connectivity of MDR and State highway
 Individual and Mobile Toilet block
 Providing Drinking water
 Parks and Play ground
 Burial Ground
 Animal shelters
 Community Harvesting Ground
 Open-air Theater
 Skill Development and Public Library
1.7 Electrical concept of Ideal village / Smart Village
There are many areas within the ideal villages vision that will be sharpened and refined through a
series of workshops to be held around the world under the current Ideal Villages Initiative. With
the immense potential benefits that it can bring to rural communities, is not just aspirational but
can be realised with the engagement and wholehearted commitment of all stakeholders, from the
inventors of new energy-provision technologies to indispensable village leaders as role models.
Smart/ Ideal villages can capture many of the benefits of urban living while retaining valued
aspects of rural life and ensuring balanced development at the national level. This enables
villagers to attain healthy and fulfilling lives, achieve their development potential, earn a viable
living and be connected to the wider world, giving them a real choice between the traditional
route of migration to a city, or life in a smart village.
Ideal/ Smart villages will be connected to towns and cities through information and
communication technologies (ICT) enabled by access to energy. Such technologies will enhance
education and health services by providing links to the world‘s knowledge base and
opportunities for distance learning, as well as supporting initiatives in m-health (mobile health,
also known as telemedicine). Connectivity will also open up participation in governance
processes at local, regional and national levels.

CHAPTER
2
CHITAL VILLAGE DETAILS
2.1 Introduction: Urban & Rural
2.2 Ancient Villages / Different Definition of: Rural Urban Villages

2.3 Scenario: Rural / Urban India & Gujarat as per Census 2011
and latest population Growth
2.4 Rural Issues & Concerns
2.5 Various Measures for Rural Development
2.6 Various infrastructure & guidelines/Norms for Villages for the provisions of
2.7 Importance in rural context
2.8 Sustainable Village Development concept
2.9 Other Projects / Schemes

2.1 Introduction: Urban & Rural
Creating strong, mutually-supportive linkages between rural and urban areas is key to realising
smart, circular and inclusive development for a sustainable Europe. Rural-Urban Europe
explores how synergies between the two areas can be applied in practice to strengthen regional
collaboration, interdependence and interconnectivity.
Rural-Urban Europe draws on findings from ROBUST – an innovative transdisciplinary rural-

urban research project – and other European and international projects. ROBUST examines
current governance systems, processes and practices in 11 different city-regions, and
recommends more effective arrangements and better policy frameworks. Explore the Rural-
Urban Europe website to get the latest information about cutting-edge research on rural-urban
issues.
2.2 Ancient Villages / Different Definition of: Rural Urban Villages
An urban area or urban agglomeration, is a human settlement with high population density and
infrastructure of built environment. Urban areas are created through urbanization and are
categorized by urban morphology as cities, towns, conurbations or suburbs. In urbanism, the
term contrasts to rural areas such as villages and hamlets and in urban sociology or urban
anthropology it contrasts with natural environment. The creation of early predecessors of urban
areas during the urban revolution led to the creation of human civilization with modern urban
planning, which along with other human activities such as exploitation of natural resources leads
to human impact on the environment.
In general, a rural area or countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and
cities. The Health Resources and Services Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services defines the word rural as encompassing " all population, housing, and territory
not included within an urban area. Whatever is not urban is considered rural‖.
2.3 Scenario: Rural / Urban India & Gujarat as per Census 2011 and latest population
Growth
Table 6: Census Details

2001 2011
MALE 3825 4214
FEMALE 3660 3944
TOTAL 7485 8158
2.4 Rural Issues & Concerns
Most of the population in India lives in rural areas ie 69%.So as democratic socialist govt it is
necessary to provide rural development but there are some issues
1. Less diversification of occupation. Mostly rural people depend on agriculture.

2. Lake of financial autonomy of local bodies.
3. Less investment in rural areas by private because of less market in rural areas
4. Lack of infrastructure facilities in term of health,education ,raod transportation etc
5. Migration of people to urban areas .
6. Orthodox thinking of rural people
7. Fragmentation of land due to high rate of growth of population
8. Lack of skill development and lack of cash crunch.
2.5 Various Measures for Rural Development
The main objective of rural development has been to remove poverty of the people and fill the
widened gap between the rich and the poor. This has been also vocalized in the policy of the
government which says: said, ‗Rural poverty alleviation has been the primary concern in the
economic planning and development process of the country … rural development which
encompasses the entire gamut of improvement in the overall quality of life in the rural areas can
be achieved through eradication of poverty in rural areas.‘
1. Intensive Agricultural Area Programme (LAAP)
2. Intensive Agricultural District Programme (IADP)
3. High Yielding Varieties Programme (HYVP)
2.6 Various infrastructure & guidelines/Norms for Villages for the provisions of
different infrastructure facilities
Study area land use details:
Table 7: Land use Detail

Description Area
Area of Village (Approx.) 2325.34 Hector
Forest Area -
Agricultural Area 520-39-98 Hector

Sr. No. Govt. Building Condition

1. Gram Panchayat Old & Good
2. Post Office Own
3. Bus Station No
4. Sub heath center good
5. Primary school Medium
6. Secondary and higher secondary school Low
Heath facilities (Table 8)
Sr. Description Availability or

No. nearby
distance
1. Sub health center 1Nos.
2. Govt. hospital 17km away
(Amreli)
3. Private Clinic 3 Nos.
4. Surgical doctor 1Nos.
5. Blood bank 17km away
(Amreli)
6. Ambulance facilities 1 Nos.
(108)
7. Medical shop 5 Nos.
8. Aarush health available
facilities
2.7 Importance in rural context
Rural development has traditionally centered on the exploitation of land-intensive natural

resources such as agriculture and forestry. However, changes in global production networks and
increased urbanization have changed the character of rural areas. Increasingly tourism, niche
manufacturers, and recreation have replaced resource extraction and agriculture as dominant
economic drivers. The need for rural communities to approach development from a wider
perspective has created more focus on a broad range of development goals rather than merely
creating incentive for agricultural or resource based businesses. Education, entrepreneurship,
physical infrastructure, and social infrastructure all play an important role in developing rural
regions. Rural development is also characterized by its emphasis on locally produced economic
development strategies. In contrast to urban regions, which have many similarities, rural areas

are highly distinctive from one another. For this reason there are a large variety of rural
development approaches used globally.
2.8 Sustainable Village Development concept
Rural development is a comprehensive term. It essentially focuses on action for the development
of areas outside the mainstream urban economic system. we should think of what type of rural
development is needed because modernization of village leads to urbanization and village
environment disappears.
2.9 Other Projects / Schemes
Table 9: Socio-cultural facilities

Sr. No. Facilities Information/ Details
1. Community hall (without TV) 0 Nos.
2. Public library Not available
3. Public garden Not available
4. Village pond 2 Nos
5. Recreational center Unavailable
6. Birth & death registration office E-gram
Table 10: Other Facilities

1. Bank & ATM 2\1
2. General market 1 Nos.
3. Milk Co-Operative society 3 Nos.
4. Mahila Mandal 10 Nos.
5. Post office Yes
6. Youth Club NO
2.10 Ancient / Existing Electrical concept Literature Review for village
Akshaykumar performed the project on Vishwkarma Yojna, The Next Two Billion People will
live in cities and town; so we need To Plan Now. Almost all future population growth in the next
40 years will be absorbed by cities of the developing world, which are unprepared for such rapid
expansion. Planning needs to begin now to take advantage of the many benefits cities can offer.
While cities concentrate poverty, they also provide the best means of escaping it. Cities have
long been the engines of economic growth. Densely populated areas can be more
environmentally sustainable than sprawling communities and allow for more efficient provision

of services. The ideas, connections and activities in cities often generate the solutions to the
problems they create. People in rural areas should have the same quality of life as is enjoyed by
people living in sub urban and urban areas. Further there are cascading effects of poverty,
unemployment, poor and inadequate infrastructure in rural areas on urban centers causing slums
and consequential social and economic tensions manifesting in economic deprivation and urban
poverty. Hence Rural Development which is concerned with economic growth and social justice,
improvement in the living standard of the rural people by providing adequate and quality social
services and minimum basic needs becomes essential. The present study deals with the same.
Vishwakarma Yojana is one of the approaches to reduce urban city Pressure and lower the
migration rate by developing village with a ‗rural soul‘ but with all urban amenities that a city
may have. The developmental work in villages that could undertake as per the need of the village
in particular includes Physical, Social and Renewable infrastructure Facilities.
Prajapati Kirit This project gives one new idea for Development of rural villages. Also gives
procedure how they fulfill requirement of the villages.Now a day people are moving from rural
to urban area due to lack of basic amenities. With the help of this Yojana we can bring awareness
about the thing which are not available at rural areas. So this help to provide better solution for
the available problems in rural area like drinking water, Drainage facility, road network, etc.

Fig. 15: Methodology of the framework

CHAPTER
3
SMART VILLAGE VISIT
3.1 Concepts, Definitions and Practices

3.3 Technological Options
3.4 Road Map and Safe Guards
3.5 Issues & Challenges

3.6 Smart Infrastructure
3.7 Cyber Security or any other concet
3.8 District Cooling and Heating / Green Building
3.9 Strategic Options for Fast Development

3.10 India's Urban Water and Sanitation Challenges and Role of Indigenous Technologies
3.11 Initiatives in village development by local self-government
3.12 Smart Initiatives by District Municipal Corporation
3.13 Any Projects contributed working by Government / NGO / Other Digital Country concept
3.14 How to implement other Countries smart villages projects in Indian village cotext
3.15 Electrical concept

3.1 Concepts, Definitions and Practices
Smart Village India gets its foundation from Mahatma Gandhi's vision of Adarsh Gram (model
village) and Gram Swaraj (Village self-rule/independence). Gandhi in two texts, Hind Swaraj
and Gram (Village) Swaraj, promotes the concept of integrated rural development to impact
majority of the population, as the primary initiative after India Independence in 1947. The Eco
Needs Foundation has initiated the concept of "Smart Village". Under this project the Foundation
is adopting villages and putting efforts for sustainable development by providing basic amenities
like sanitation, safe drinking water, internal road, tree plantation, water conservation. The
Foundation is also working for inculcating moral values in the society and for improving the
standard of living of the villagers. In the concept of "Smart Village" the development of the
village shall be based on the five paths Retrofitting, Redevelopment, Green fields, e-Pan,
Livelihood. Prof. Priyanand Agale Founder of Eco Needs Foundation and Dr. Satyapal Sing
Meena (IRS) Joint commissioner of Income Tax has converted this idea into reality and now
Dhanora has become role model of Rural Development. Dhanora village was also given an
award by Prime minister of India Mr. Narendra Modi in the year 2018.
Smart Village is a concept adopted by national, state and local governments of India, as an
initiative focused on holistic rural development
Bench Marks:
Under the concept of Smart Village, the Foundation has adopted Village Dhanora, Teh. Bari,
District Dholpur, a small and remote village of Rajasthan to develop it as India‘s First Smart
Village. The village is situated 30 km away from Dholpur district head quarter and 248 km from
Jaipur. The population of the village is about 2,000. The village was devoid of its basic needs
like sanitation, internal roads. It was also facing various other similar problems such as lack of
access to potable water, non-availability of water conservation system, encroachment on the
roads, power fluctuation, non-availability of employment oriented education, unemployment and
poverty, so on and so forth.
Vision & Goals:
In India there are 6,00,000 villages out of them 1,25,000 villages are backward so there is a need
for designing and building the village as a smart village. With modernization and urbanization
people migrate from one place to another place for different facilities such as education,
employment and affinity o f people towards the locality or city. Village is main criteria for

development of nation. So, develop the village in such a way that which is self dependant in
providing the services, employment and well connected to the rest of the world i.e. smart village.
The smart village corrects the social oversight by providing accommodations for sustainable
family relationships without disturbing the lifestyle of different generations. The vision of smart
village is that modern energy access can act as catalyst for development in education , health ,
productive enterprise , clean water , sanitation , environmental sustainability and participatory
democracy which helps to support further improvement in access to energy . Initially the concept
of development of village is of Mahatma Gandhi i.e. swaraj and suraj village . But, now days it is
newly termed as smart village. We know that, India is a developing nation, with the help of smart
village we can make India as a SS nation. Now days, our government also gives strong focus on
smart village. Government implements so many schemes on smart village.
Standards:
Gujarat State has been marching from ―Swarajya to Surajya‖ through implementation of various
community and welfare schemes of rural development. It is necessary that Gram Panchayats
perform their duties and responsibilities by more programmes and self-governance, work as per
their expectations with certain goal and with foresight for social, human, economic and personal
development and become committed to increase citizen services, create atmosphere of healthy
competition. As a result, the villages would become prosperous and smart, migration from
villages toward cities would decrease. For the above purpose, the matter of Smart Village
Competition and allotment of grant for it was under consideration of the Government. After due
consideration, it is decided to implement ―Smart Village Scheme‖ with the purpose to take
initiative with certain goal and in certain direction and to increase spirit of healthy competition.
Performance Measurements:
A village which has foresight for the development and proper planning to keep the village clean,
healthy, green, pollution free, crime free and disease free with co-ordination of various
community development and welfare schemes of Government. A village which makes the people
―Samras‖ and economically self-dependent by achieving determined goals for people‘s wellness
and convenience. Smart Village means a village which is aware to increase facilities for the
citizen by taking decisions democratically and Smart Village means a village in which the youth,
women, farmers, village artisans, backward and deprived people may get equal opportunity for
development.
1.2 The Scheme will be implemented in two parts by considering above objectives. (1) The State
Government shall arrange a competition every year for the selection of Gram Panchayat to be

eligible for the grant for Smart Village. (2) Selected Gram Panchayts shall receive grant for three
years. The Gram Panchayats shall function to make the village a Smart Village with the help of
the grant. After three years, the Gram Panchayats which achieve determined goals shall be
declared as Smart Village.
Government has undergone schemes under Rural India mission and implemented grants to
develop the villages as smart villages by Panchayat, Rural Housing & Rural Development
Department
Various Parameters to be used as a bench mark.

Table 11: Various parameters for design amenities
Sr. Parameters
No.
1. Transport
2. Spatial Planning
3. Water supply
4. Sewerage & sanitation
5. Solid Waste Management
6. Storm water drainage
7. Electricity
8. WIFI
Connectivity
9. Telephone
10. Heath care
Facilities
11. Education
11(A) Pre Primary
To Secondary
School
11(B) Higher
Education
12. Fire Fighting
13. Others

3.3 Technological Options
Various Technological Options to be implemented are as follows:

1. Real time traffic management
2. Effective Transportation Options
3. Water Distribution and Waste water management reuse.
4. Solar Panel based energy conservation methods.
Fig. 16 Smart city: Perspectives

3.4 Road Map and Safe Guards
A smart city is defined as a city that engages its citizens and connects its infrastructure
electronically. A smart city has the ability to integrate multiple technological solutions, in a
secure fashion, to manage the city‘s assets-the city‘s assets include, but not limited to, local
departments‘ information systems, schools, libraries, transportation systems, hospitals, power
plants, law enforcement, and other community services. The goal of building a smart city is to
improve the quality of life by using technology to improve the efficiency of services and meet
residents‘ needs. Business drives technology and large-scale urbanization drives innovation and
new technologies. Technology is driving the way city officials interact with the community and
the city‘s infrastructure. Through the use of real-time control systems and sensors, data are
collected from citizens and sensors and then processed in real-time. The information and
knowledge gathered are keys to tackling inefficiency, which leads to optimizing systems. A
smart city offers technological solutions to tell what is happening in the city, how the city is
evolving, and how to enable a better quality of life.
Fig. 17 : Road Map for Smart City & Guards (Source: IE Insight)
3.5 Issues & Challenges
The most common smart city projects include smart lighting, intelligent transport systems and
smart utility metering for electricity and water. These technologies and integrations are based on
sensor-centred collection and analysis of data. They offer cost-effective and innovative solutions
to the growing number of challenges faced by municipalities.
However, despite the countless benefits of smart city projects, many challenges remain when it
comes to deployment, due to unique city requirements and differing interpretations of
deployment concepts. These variations can be categorised into the following dimensions:
 Technology challenges with coverage and capacity.

 Digital security.
 Legislation and policies.
 Lack of confidence or reluctance shown by citizens (lack of clarity around benefits).
 Funding and business models.
 Interoperability.
 Existing infrastructure for energy, water and transportation systems.
As city populations grow and urban sprawl proliferates, issues with economic and social progress
are often magnified. These challenges not only affect a city‘s quality of life, but also put added
stress on traditional infrastructure, increasing the need for energy-efficiency austerity and
resource conservation. Smart city technology can provide city governments with a large
infrastructure buffer that helps them endure and overcome these issues in the future.
Technology innovation is the enabler that improves the possibilities and efficiencies of each
smart city project. Each new technology brings with it an immense pool of new possibilities.
Since every city has its own culture and infrastructure and funding policies, technology adoption
can vary in diverse ways. However, that means it is is not always possible to rely on other proven
smart city projects to act as a blueprint for success.
 These four factors like education, health, nutrition and fertility are closely interlinked and
play crucial role in human development

Income
Nutritio
Fertility
n Human
Being
Educati
Health
on
Fig 18: Development of Human Being
3.6 Smart Infrastructure
A Smart city is an urban area that uses different types of electronic Internet of Things (IoT)
sensors to collect data and then use insights gained from that data to manage assets, resources
and services efficiently. This includes data collected from citizens, devices, and assets that is
processed and analyzed to monitor and manage traffic and transportation systems, power plants,
utilities, water supply networks, waste management, crime detection,[1] information systems,
schools, libraries, hospitals, and other community services.
It has been suggested that a Smart city (also community, business cluster, urban agglomeration
or region) uses information technologies to:
1. Make more efficient use of physical infrastructure (roads, built environment and other
physical assets) through artificial intelligence and data analytics to support a strong and
healthy economic, social, cultural development.
2. Engage effectively with local people in local governance and decision by use of open
innovation processes and e-participation, improving the collective intelligence of the
city's institutions through e-governance with emphasis placed on citizen participation and
co-design.[
3. Learn, adapt and innovate and thereby respond more effectively and promptly to
changing circumstances by improving the intelligence of the city.
They evolve towards a strong integration of all dimensions of human intelligence, collective
intelligence, and also artificial intelligence within the city. The intelligence of cities "resides in
the increasingly effective combination of digital telecommunication networks (the nerves),

ubiquitously embedded intelligence (the brains), sensors and tags (the sensory organs), and
software (the knowledge and cognitive competence)"
3.7 Cyber Security or any other concept
Intelligence for the protection of data and network security is a key demand. Forms of
intelligence in smart cities have been demonstrated in three ways:
Bletchley Park often considered to be the first smart community.
1. Orchestration intelligence: Where cities establish institutions and community-based

problem solving and collaborations, such as in Bletchley Park where the Nazi Enigma
cypher was decoded by a team led by Alan Turing. This has been referred to as the first
example of a Smart city or an intelligent community.
2. Empowerment intelligence: Cities provide open platforms, experimental facilities and
Smart city infrastructure in order to cluster innovation in certain districts. These are seen
in the Kista Science City in Stockholm and the Cyberport Zone in Hong Kong. Similar
facilities have also been established in Melbourne. Hong Kong Cyberport 1 and
Cyberport 2 Buildings A hub has been created in Kyiv, which develops public projects.
 Instrumentation intelligence: Where city infrastructure is made smart through real-time data
collection, with analysis and predictive modelling across city districts. There is much
controversy surrounding this, particularly with regards to surveillance issues in smart cities.
Examples of Instrumentation intelligence have been implemented in Amsterdam. This is
implemented through:
1. A common IP infrastructure that is open to researchers to develop applications.

2. Wireless meters and devices transmit information at the point in time.
3. A number of homes being provided with smart energy meters to become aware of energy
consumption and reduce energy usage.
4. Solar power garbage compactors, car recharging stations and energy saving lamps.
3.8 District Cooling and Heating / Green Building
A ‗green‘ building is a building that, in its design, construction or operation, reduces or

eliminates negative impacts, and can create positive impacts, on our climate and natural

environment. Green buildings preserve precious natural resources and improve our quality of
life.
There are a number of features which can make a building ‗green‘. These include:
 Efficient use of energy, water and other resources

 Use of renewable energy, such as solar energy
 Pollution and waste reduction measures, and the enabling of re-use and recycling
 Good indoor environmental air quality
 Use of materials that are non-toxic, ethical and sustainable
 Consideration of the environment in design, construction and operation
 Consideration of the quality of life of occupants in design, construction and operation
 A design that enables adaptation to a changing environment
Any building can be a green building, whether it‘s a home, an office, a school, a hospital, a
community centre, or any other type of structure, provided it includes features listed above.
However, it is worth noting that not all green buildings are – and need to be - the same. Different
countries and regions have a variety of characteristics such as distinctive climatic conditions,
unique cultures and traditions, diverse building types and ages, or wide-ranging environmental,
economic and social priorities – all of which shape their approach to green building.
This is why WorldGBC supports its member Green Building Councils and their member
companies in individual countries and across regions, to pursue green buildings that are best
suited to their own markets.
To get involved in your own country‘s transformation to green building, please contact or join
your local Green Building Council.
3.9 Strategic Options for Fast Development
The strategic components of area-based development in the Smart Cities Mission are city
improvement (retrofitting), city renewal (redevelopment) and city extension (greenfield
development) plus a Pan-city initiative in which Smart Solutions are applied covering larger
parts of the city. Below are given the deions of the three models of Area-based smart city
development:

 Retrofitting will introduce planning in an existing built-up area to achieve smart city
objectives, along with other objectives, to make the existing area more efficient and
liveable. In retrofitting, an area consisting of more than 500 acres will be identified by the
city in consultation with citizens. Depending on the existing level of infrastructure
services in the identified area and the vision of the residents, the cities will prepare a
strategy to become smart. Since existing structures are largely to remain intact in this
model, it is expected that more intensive infrastructure service levels and a large number
of smart applications will be packed into the retrofitted smart city. This strategy may also
be completed in a shorter time frame, leading to its replication in another part of the city.
 Redevelopment will effect a replacement of the existing built-up environment and enable
co-creation of a new layout with enhanced infrastructure using mixed land use and
increased density. Redevelopment envisages an area of more than 50 acres, identified by
Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in consultation with citizens. For instance, a new layout plan
of the identified area will be prepared with mixed land-use, higher FSI and high ground
coverage. Two examples of the redevelopment model are the Saifee Burhani Upliftment
Project in Mumbai (also called the Bhendi Bazaar Project) and the redevelopment of East
Kidwai Nagar in New Delhi being undertaken by the National Building Construction
Corporation.
 Greenfield development will introduce most of the Smart Solutions in a previously vacant
area (more than 250 acres) using innovative planning, plan financing and plan
implementation tools (e.g. land pooling/ land reconstitution) with provision for affordable
housing, especially for the poor. Greenfield developments are required around cities in
order to address the needs of the expanding population. One well known example is the
GIFT City in Gujarat. Unlike retrofitting and redevelopment,
 greenfield developments could be located either within the limits of the ULB or within
the limits of the local Urban Development Authority (UDA).
 Pan-city development envisages application of selected Smart Solutions to the existing
city-wide infrastructure. Application of Smart Solutions will involve the use of
technology, information and data to make infrastructure and services better. For example,
applying Smart Solutions in the transport sector (intelligent traffic management system)
and reducing average commute time or cost of citizens will have positive effects on
productivity and quality of life of citizens. Another example can be waste water recycling
and smart metering which can make a huge contribution to better water management in
the city.
The smart city proposal of each shortlisted city is expected to encapsulate either a retrofitting or
redevelopment or greenfield development model, or a mix thereof and a Pan-city feature with
Smart Solution(s). It is important to note that pan-city is an additional feature to be provided.

Since smart city is taking a compact area approach, it is necessary that all the city residents feel
there is something in it for them also. Therefore, the additional requirement of some (at least
one) city-wide smart solution has been put in the scheme to make it inclusive.
For North Eastern and Himalayan States, the area proposed to be developed will be one-half of
what is prescribed for any of the alternative models - retrofitting, redevelopment or greenfield
development.
3.10 India's Urban Water and Sanitation Challenges and Role of Indigenous Technologies
UNICEF and WHO estimate that 1.1 billion people lack access to improved water supplies and
2.6 billion people lack adequate sanitation. Providing safe water and basic sanitation to meet the
MDGs will require substantial economic resources, sustainable technological solutions and
courageous political will. We review five major challenges to providing safe water and sanitation
on a global basis: (1) contamination of water in distribution systems, (2) growing water scarcity
and the potential for water reuse and conservation, (3) implementing innovative low-cost
sanitation systems, (4) providing sustainable water supplies and sanitation for megacities, and (5)
reducing global and regional disparities in access to water and sanitation and developing
financially sustainable water and sanitation services.
Half of humanity now lives in cities, and within two decades, nearly 60 per cent of the world's
people will be urban dwellers. Urban growth is most rapid in the developing world, where cities
gain an average of 5 million residents every month. The exploding urban population growth
creates unprecedented challenges, among which provision for water and sanitation have been the
most pressing and painfully felt when lacking.
Two main challenges related to water are affecting the sustainability of human urban settlements:
the lack of access to safe water and sanitation, and increasing water-related disasters such as
floods and droughts. These problems have enormous consequences on human health and well-
being, safety, the environment, economic growth and development. The lack of adequate water
and sanitation facilities leads to health issues such as diarrhoea, malaria and cholera outbreaks.
Though water supply and sanitation coverage increased between 1990 and 2008, the growth of
the world's urban populations jeopardizes those results. While between 1990 and 2008 1052
million urban dwellers gained access to improved drinking water and 813 million to improved
sanitation, the urban population in that period grew by 1089 million people.
An estimated 96 per cent of the urban population globally used an improved water supply source
in 2010, compared to 81 per cent of the rural population. This means that 653 million rural
dwellers lacked improved sources of drinking water.
Globally, 79 per cent of the urban population used an improved sanitation facility in 2010,
compared to 47 per cent of the rural population.
Those who suffer the most of these water-related challenges are the urban poor, often living in
slum areas or informal settlements following rapid urban growth, in situations lacking many of
life's basic necessities: safe drinking water, adequate sanitation services and access to health
services, durable housing and secure tenure.
3.11 Initiatives in village development by local self-government
As a remedial learning we visited, Village Visit: Madhi Village, Mehsana District
Remarkable local self-government Law from the year 1992 spoted well within the villages of
India which adopted the principles of Mahatma Gandhi as well.
Since 1992, local governance in India takes place in two very distinct forms. Urban localities
covered in the 74th amendment ti the constitution, have nagar palika but derive their powers from
the individual state governments, while the power of rural localities have been formalized under
the panchayati raj system, under 73rd amendment to the constitution for the history of traditional
local government in India and south Asia.
The panchayati raj system with elected body at the village, talukas and district levels. The
modern system is based imparts on traditional panchayat governance, in part on the vision of
mahatma Gandhi and in part by the work of various committees to harmonize the highly
centralized in Indian governmental administration with a degree of local autonomy the result was
intended to create greater participation in local government by people and more effective
implementation of rural development programs. Although, as of 2015, implementation in all of
India is not complete the intension is for there to be a gram panchayat for each village or group
of villages, taluka level and jilla panchayat at the district level.

FIG.19 Bank & ATM, MADHI FIG.20 PRIMARY SCHOOL MADHI

VILLAGE
FIG.21 TEMPLE, MADHI VILLAGE FIG.22 VILLAGE EXPOSURE AND TANK

FIG.23 EXISTING ROAD NETWORK FIG.24 AAGANBADI KENDRA, MADHI
FIG.25 MADHI VILLAGE FIG.26 BASE MAP VIJAPUR TEHSIL

FIG.27 MADHI GRAM PANCHAYAT FIG.28 MADHI PANCHAYAT OFFICE
FIG.29 WATER TANK FIG.30 BUS STAND, MADHI VILLAGE

3.12 Smart Initiatives by District Municipal Corporation
Pune‘s example. The city has managed to tackle the waste of over 1, 700 tones that it generates
daily, While ensuring minimization of land fill, freeing up urban land for more productive
purposes. At present, the Pun e Municipal Corporation (PMC) has combined an integrated
approach with decentralized waste management by installing 25 bio-methane plants that produce
600 kW of electricity and compost as a by-product.
The 300 TPD plant by Noble Exchange environment Solutions Pvt. Ltd (NEX) that converts
food Waste to bio- CNG, is a 300TPD vermi-compost project by Ajinkya Biofert and Disha.. At
maximum capacity, it can process 300 tons of waste, making it the largest biogas plant in India.
3.13 Any Projects contributed working by Government / NGO / Other Digital Country
concept
Very Important is Kankariya Lake redevelopment Project:
Kankaria Lake is the second largest lake in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. It is located in the south-
eastern part of the city, in the Maninagar area. It was completed in 1451 during the reign of
Sultan Qutb-ud-Din Ahmad Shah II though its origin is placed in the Chaulukya period
sometimes. A lakefront is developed around it, which has many public attractions such as a zoo,
toy train, kids city, tethered balloon ride, water rides, water park, food stalls, and entertainment
facilities. The lakefront was revamped in 2008. Kankaria Carnival is a week-long festival held
here in the last week of December. Many cultural, art, and social activities are organised during
the carnival. All this changed when Shri Narendra Modi dawned the mantle of the Chief Minister
of Gujarat. He became determined to alter the face of the Lakefront and turn it into a world-class
spot that not only draws people from all over the world but also offers something exciting to
people across all age groups.
3.14 How to implement other Countries smart villages projects in Indian village context
Smart Village initiative: new thinking for off-grid communities worldwide and IEEE Smart
Village: Empowering off-grid communities are both worldwide active and striving to meet the
SDG 2030, especially goal 7, Affordable and Clean Energy. The first one promotes access to
sustainable energy as a main catalyst for the development of good education and healthcare
systems, access to clean water, sanitation, economic growth, enhanced security, gender equality,

etc. The most important vision of the Initiative is to apply more holistic and integrated
approaches to enable the access to the energy in the rural contexts, while connecting/involving
governments, developmental and private sector in the process. The component most emphasized
is how to connect renewable sources of energy with ICT.
The activities of the Initiative are taking place in six large regions, namely East Africa, West
Africa, South Asia, South-East Asia, South America, and Central America, Caribbean, Mexico—
the so-called developing world with limited possibilities to access (educational, electrical,
economic and other) infrastructure. To find the most suitable solutions, there is a wide range of
professionals working on the field and otherwise: villagers, NGOs, development organizations,
entrepreneurs, policy makers, engineers, and experts from the field of humanities. Their search
for solutions is encompassing and, based on long-term research, analyzing local and regional
circumstances, identifying cross-cutting issues and proposing suitable solutions. More than 30
workshops have been organized where more than thousand stakeholders from 70 countries have
presented their views and evidence (p. 140). By now, the majority of their activities was funded
by Cambridge Malaysian Education and Development Trust and Malaysian Commonwealth
Studies Centre. Similarly, the IEEE Smart Village initiative is aiming to promote off-grid
communities through education and the creation of sustainable businesses in the energy sector.
The initiative was originally established as a Community Solutions Initiative (2009) and took
over the current name in 2014. The activities are spread worldwide, by now serving more than
50,000 people, living in 34 villages, mostly located in African continent (e.g., Benin, Cameroon,
Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Nigeria, South Sudan, Zambia), but also in Haiti and India. Its main
financing mechanism is fundraising. Besides the development of energy-smart villages
mentioned before, the main products of the initiative‘s efforts are a SunBlazer II—a mobile
solar-based power base station and Learning beyond the Light Bulb— a nine-month program of
remote study that enables the exchange of practices of all communities in order to create the
mutual benefit, and equips the students with knowledge on different development models and
other skills and knowledge needed for the fieldwork.
One of the most propulsive worldwide programs is the CIGAR research program on Climate
Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) that started in 2011. The program is funded by
the CIGAR fund and different donors (e.g., Australia, Irish Aid, Netherlands, New Zealand,
Switzerland, Thailand, UK Aid, US Aid, the EU, and the International Fund for Agricultural
Development). Within its framework, the concept of Climate Smart Villages is being developed
and put into practice in different parts of the world, whereas the ones with the most climate-
related difficulties are chosen (West and East Africa, Latin America, South and Southeast Asia).
This is an ever evolving program where different stakeholders (researchers, politicians, framers,
local residents) are collaborating in order to find the most productivity enhancing and smart

solutions considering the local conditions. Their solutions are based on smart technologies and
services, designed in collaboration with local people, and aim at lessening the climate footprint
from the perspective of the developing agricultural activities, while not reducing their benefits
for the given community. The program is claimed to be very successful, as there is more than 30
existing climate-Smart Villages all over the globe. More importantly, the villages are on a good
track to being sustainable in the long term as the program aims to train the local people and not
providing locals with the external teachers on the long-term basis. Within this objective, an
important role is also played by women. One of the other practical outputs of the program is, for
example, the CCAFS Climate Analogues Tool for making rain and climate predictions,
developed to help smaller farmers make decisions based on accurate information.
Perhaps one of the most extensive and most recent attempts of smart transformation development
is India. Firstly, urbanization of India is increasing rapidly as never before. According to the
predictions of the United Nations, by 2050, almost 814 million of Indian people will live in
towns and cities, which is twice as many as today. Secondly, in 2015, the Government of India,
Ministry of Urban Development launched a nationwide program Smart city mission. The aim of
the Mission is the comprehensive development of (physical, institutional, social, economic)
infrastructure, and thus improvement of the quality of life and to attract people and investments.
3.15 Electrical concept
Smart Power for rural development is key essential in the smart village development.
Smart Power goes beyond electricity for households. Our focus is to ensure the provision of high
quality, reliable energy that drives economic opportunity. We do this by:
 Creating the right incentives for energy providers to enter and succeed in rural markets,
 Stimulating local economies through energy-enabled micro-enterprise development,
 Encouraging technology innovations that leapfrog the growth of DRE; and
 Coordinating with national and local governments to facilitate more open policy
environments

CHAPTER
4
About <<CHITAL>
4.1 Introduction
4.2 <Chital> Study Area Profile
4.3 Data Collection <CHITAL>
4.4 Infrastructure Details
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Introduction About <Allocated Village> Village details
As per 2009 stats, Chital is the gram panchayat of Chital village.

The total geographical area of village is 2325.34 hectares. Chital has a total population of 8,158
peoples. There are about 1,615 houses in Chital village. As per 2019 stats, Chital villages comes
under Amreli assembly & parliamentary constituency. Amreli is nearest town to Chital which is
approximately 17km away.
4.1.2 Justification/ need of the study
The Government of Gujarat has launched Vishwakarma Yojana (scheme) for development of
villages by identifying the requirements of villages. Under this scheme, the villages are surveyed
and this project was identified and selected for implementation. Rurbanisation is to bring peace
of mind to the villagers by providing them the basic amenities required and still keeping the
village soul intact. This project gives one new idea for Development of rural villages. Also gives

procedure how they fulfil requirement of the villages. Now a day people are moving from rural
to urban area due to lack of basic amenities.
With the help of this Yojana we can bring awareness about the thing which are not available at
rural areas. So this help to provide better solution for the available problems in rural area like
drinking water, Drainage facility road network, etc. Chital village is in Amreli taluka and Amreli
district. In Amreli village people are engaged with the agriculture and Business activity. In this
village some educated people went to Amreli for work and some people go for labours work and
for other purpose. The main source of water is bore wall and in the village. For the survey of
villager we collect some basic data about village like population of the village, political
background of village, Area of Village. Then we will Compare village Facilities with Ideal and
smart village.
In Chital village Based on gap analysis and condition of existing facilities based on the
interviews, we have proposed design and estimation of some required designs. The details have
been expressed in details in the report.
4.1.3 Study Area (Broadly define)
Gram Panchayat : Chital

Block / Tehsil : Amreli
District : Amreli
State : Gujarat
Pincode : 365620
Area : 2325.34 hectares
Population : 8,158
Households : 1,615
Assembly Constituency : Amreli
Parliament Constituency : Amreli
Nearest Town : Amreli (17 km)
4.1.4 Objectives of the study
AIM
To design and develop the various components of the Chital Village, Amreli based on the Socio-
Economic Analysis.

OBJECTIVES
1. To perform the socio-economic Survey of the Study area i.e. Chital Village, Amreli.
2. To Identify the existing facilities and infrastructure in the Chital village and to propose
the infrastructure with design.
3. To design various infrastructures in the Chital Village based on the requiredments.
4.1.5 Scope of the Study
 Provide safe and affordable water facilities and sanitation.

 To perform safe and Economical socio-economical surveys.
 To solve water scarcity and other problem for rural area.
 Design a networs and infrastructures which is economical and easy to develop.
 Creation of artificial ground water recharge system and other facilities.
 Provide aesthetic and hygienic environment for human.
 Collection and storage of rain water and other data as well.
 Improve the living standard of rural population towards rurbanisation.
4.1.6 Methodology Frame Work for development of your village

The methodology Developed has been explained below which includes the proposed planning as
well. The flow chart below shows the detailed methodology.

Understanding the Concepts of

Vishwakarna Yojna Phase VII
Identification of Problems in the Village
Literature Review Preliminary Surveys Data Collection & Analysis
Socio-Economic Survey
Government Schemes Data of the Census
Survey of Existing
Previous Reports Structures Data of the existing Structures
Research Papers Data of the Renovation demand

Interviews with
Villagers & Peoples of existing structures
Ideal & Smart

Village Study
Topographic Elevation Details Gap Analysis with the existing
Data
Surveys with Softwares
such as Google Earth,
Arc GIS Proposal of Demand asked
during interviews with
Villagers
Surveys with the Total
station and other
Surveying Equipments
Gap Analysis and Proposal of New Designs
Designing of New Infrastructures
Recommendations and Suggestions

4.1.7 List of Objects Available related to Civil / Electrical Methodology
Following are some mentioned facilities:
 Drinking Water, Drainage Network, Sanitation Facilities: Waste Management Facilities

 Transportation & Road Network
 Electricity
 Irrigation Facilities
 Housing condition, Heath Facilities
 Education Facilities, Technology Mobile/ WIFI / Internet Usage Details. In percentage
 Sports Activity as Gram Panchayat
 Socio-Cultural Facilities
 Community Hall, Public Library
 Public Garden /Park/Playground, Village Pond/Lake
 Other Recreation Facilities
 Sustainable Infrastructure Facilities, Existing Condition of Public Buildings
 Suggestions for Sustainable Infrastructure Facilities & Repair &Maintenance of existing
Public Infrastructures
 Different Concept of the Solid / Liquid type of Waste Management
 Concept of Various type of method for Transportation
 Various type method for Drainage System
 Various type method for Roads
 Various type of Environmental Factors, Any other details
The details have to be collected and socio economic survey needs to be done. The problems in
the villages and existing systems needs to be addressed. The other required systems and designs
must be proposed with drawings.
4.2 <CHITAL> Study Area Profile
The Village selected for the Vishwakarma Project Phase VII is situated in Amreli District and
the name of Village if Chital. The basic and other details of the Chital Village is depicted
below.
Locality Name : CHITAL

City Name : AMRELI
District : AMRELI
State : Gujarat
Language : Gujarati and Hindi
Time zone: IST (UTC+5:30)

Elevation / Altitude: 123. Above Sea level

Telephone Code / Std Code: 02792
Assembly constituency: Amreli kunkavav vadiya
Assembly MLA: Pareshbhai dhanani
LokSabha constituency: Amreli parliamentary constitution
Parliament MP: Naranbhai kachhadiya Pin Code: 365620
4.2.1 Study Area Location
Chital is a village in Amreli Taluka of Amreli district, Gujarat, India.
Fig.31: Chital Village Location Map Fig.32: Land map of Chital
4.2.2 Physical & Demographical Growth
Existing facilities in the study area is being depicted below and the infrasture with the
condition is also mentioned below.

Table 12: Census Details: Chital

2001 2011
MALE 3825 4214
FEMALE 3660 3944
TOTAL 7485 8158
Table 13: Basic Particular Details
 Study area land use details:

Description Area
Forest Area -
Agricultural Area 520-39-98 Hector

Heath facilities (Table 15)

No. nearby
distance
(Amreli)
(Amreli)
(108)
facilities
4.2.3 Brief history
During British period, it was one of the most important seats of the Vala Kathis of the Jetpur
house and was one of their earliest settlements. Originally a Sarvaiya holding, a pal or blackmail
payment from it was acquired by the Selarka Kathis of Mendarda. The great seat of the present
Jetpur Kathi house was then at Devlia about ten miles north-west of Chital and about five miles
east of Vasavad. Najo Vala of Devlia pursued some Selarkas of Chital who had driven off his
cattle, and was slain in the pursuit near the village of Sultanpur now under Gondal. The sons of
Najo namely Viro and Jaito continued the feud and finally the Selarkas relinquished to them the
pal over Chital, and a reconciliation was effected. The Selarkas then retired to Mendarda and the
Devlia Valas removed their capital to Chital of which place they speedily became sole masters
reducing the Sarvaiyas to a subordinate position. There were even now Sarvaiya Mulgrasias in
Chital. Viro and Jaito founded the two principal branches of the Jetpur house now known as
Viraui and Jaitani which will be treated of under Jetpur. Jaito had a son Bhoko whose son Jaito
was very famous.
4.2.4 Economic profile / Banks
Chital became a prosperous town under the rule of the Kathis who in 1803 made, together with
the Kundla Kathis, the first overtures to the British Government. The Kathis of Chital became so
powerful that the Nawab of Junagadh ceded to them Jetpur, Mendarda, and Bilkha. The reason
for these cessions was probably as follows. By their establishment at Mendarda they restrained
the Selarkas and Harsurka Kathis who were frequently troublesome. At Bilkha they controlled
the Khants, Maiyds, and other tribes, while at Jetpur they defended the line of the Bhadar from
any foreign foe. Chital was taken by Thakor Vakhatsingbji of Bhavnagar State in his warfare
with the Kathis in A.D. 1793, but was restored to them. The Vanias who left Chital on this
occasion did not return to it. They are still called Chitalia Vanias.
4.2.5 Actual Problem faced by Villagers and smart solution
The project aims to identify the various needs, facilities existing in the villages. The problem
may be summarized as to identify the following needs and requirements available or has gap to
be made availed. The following facilities and infrastructures needs to be developed to convert the
village into ideal or smart village and to process the rurbanization in village. Following are some
mentioned facilities:
 Various basic civil designs and electrical concepts to be developed in a village.

 Drinking Water, Drainage Network, Sanitation Facilities: Waste Management Facilities
 Transportation & Road Network
 Electricity
 Irrigation Facilities
 Housing condition, Heath Facilities
 Education Facilities, Technology Mobile/ WIFI / Internet Usage Details. In percentage
 Sports Activity as Gram Panchayat
 Socio-Cultural Facilities
 Community Hall, Public Library
 Public Garden /Park/Playground, Village Pond/Lake
 Other Recreation Facilities
 Sustainable Infrastructure Facilities, Existing Condition of Public Buildings
 Suggestions for Sustainable Infrastructure Facilities & Repair &Maintenance of existing
Public Infrastructures
 Different Concept of the Solid / Liquid type of Waste Management
 Concept of Various type of method for Transportation
 Various type method for Drainage System, Roads etc.
 Various type method for Roads

The details have to be collected and socio economic survey needs to be done. The problems in
the villages and existing systems needs to be addressed. The other required systems and designs
must be proposed with drawings.
4.2.5 Social scenario
Table 16: Socio-cultural facilities

1. Community hall (without TV) 0 Nos.
2. Public library Not available
3. Public garden Not available
4. Village pond 2 Nos
5. Recreational center Unavailable
6. Birth & death registration office E-gram

4.2.6 Base Location map, Land Map, Gram Tal Map
Fig.33: Chital Village Location Map Fig.34 Land map of Chital
4.2.7 Preservation of traditions, Festivals, Cuisine
Various festivals of the South Gujarat, Amreli Distruct and the Kutch region are celebrated.
Amreli is a confluence of vast sea coast having different types of marine biodiversity and gir
forest area having the roars of gir lions, which are available nowhere in the world. Amreli mainly
dependent on Agriculture and Animal husbandry is known as part of Kathiavadi culture. After
Gaikwadi administration, Amreli given the first Chief Minister of Garvi Gujarat as Dr. Jivraj
Mehta. Savarkundla and Lathi area is known as Fort of Gohilvad which was administered by the
Pricely Poet Kalapi, the Gazals of whose are still live in the minds of Gujarat. Babra area is
known as Panchal area. Amreli is also the Karambhumi (Working place) of National poet Sri
Javerchand Meghani. Khambha area is famous for its Forest Caves and palace of Gir lions.
Bhomkaos from the area of Rajula, Jafrabad known as Babariwad, having a vast sea coast
Arabian sea established special identity to Amreli district.

Even after geographical diversity, people of Amreli are full of cultural unity and communal
harmony.
Amreli is the land of princely poet, Kavi Kalapi of Lathi state, and famous poet Ramesh Parekh
also belonged to Amreli. Also Amreli is famous for its famous jewels like Poet Padam Bhushna
Sri Dula Bhaya Kag, World famous Magician K. Lal, Poet Hans, Poet Kant and dignitaries like
Dr. Vasantbhai Parekh who was honored by Hon‘ble President Sri Abdul Kalam Ajad People of
Amreli are lucky to have and obliged and benefited by the famous saints like Mahatma Muldas,
Bhoja Bhagat and Swami Muktanand. Festivals of Holi, Diwwali, Shivratri, Navratri, Dashehara,
are organized regularly and during these and other times number of folk fairs are arranged in
which Amreli people take part with full joy, faith and gaiety.
4.2.8 To know the reasons of migration / trends of migration / problems and potentials of
Migrants
There are total of 4214 male persons and 3944 females and a total number of 763 children below
6 years in Chital.
The percentage of male population is 51.65%.
The percentage of female population is 48.35%.
The percentage of child population is 9.35%.
Males: 4214, Females: 3944, Children: 763.
The basic reasons for the migrations: Higher Studies, Jobs and services after graduation, Better
perks and salaries at metro ciies etc.
4.2.9 Study area land use details

Description Area
Forest Area -
Agricultural Area 520.39 Hector
4.3. Data Collection <CHITAL> (Photograph/Graphs/Charts/Table)
Chital is a Village in Amreli Taluka in Amreli District of Gujarat State, India. It is located 5 KM
towards west from District head quarters Amreli. 277 KM from State capital Gandhinagar
Chital Pin code is 365620 and postal head office is Chital. Chital is surrounded by Lilia Taluka
towards East , Bagasara Taluka towards west , Kunkavav -Vadia Taluka towards west , Lathi
Taluka towards East . Amreli , Lathi , Savarkundla , Rajula are the near by Cities to Chital-
jasavantgadh-timba.

4.3.1 Methods for data collection
Various modes and methods adopted for the data collections are;
1. Demographic data collections.
2. Surveys and Questionnaire.
3. Details from the Gram Panchayat.
4. Ground truth reports.
5. Development profiles.
4.3.2 Primary survey details
Heath Facilities (Table 18)

No. nearby
distance
(Amreli)
(Amreli)
(108)
facilities
Education facilities (Table 19)
Sr. Descriptions Information/

No. Detail
1. Anganwadi/Play group 10 Nos.
2. Primary school (std. 1 to 3 Nos.
8)
3. Secondary school ( std. 9 2 Nos.
& 10)
4. Higher secondary school 1 Nos.
( std. 11 & 12)
5. Transportation facility School Bus

for students
6. Science stream Unavailable
7. College nearby village 17 km away
8. Nearby I.T.I. center 17 km away
9. Nearby vocational 0 km away
training center
4.3.3 Average size of the House
Average size of the house is reported as 12ft. x 15 ft. (3.5 m by 4 m).
4.3.4 Geo-Tagging of House
The most of the houses were only masonry and concrete build rather than the village huts. The
geographical feature is very ortho topographical as mountains are also present nearby. There is
about 4500 houses out of which 4100 are residing..
4.3.5 No of Human being in One House
In village generally each family consist average 4 to 5 member. There is about 1200 children in
village
4.3.6 Which Material used locally
For the house, they used mainly bricks, sands and wood. As brick manufacturing is available in
village bricks are economical for them.
4.3.7 Out Sourced Material
Concrete materials, cements and reinforced materials are outsourced only.
4.3.8 Labor work doing
Most of Villagers of Chital connected with farming and household works only. Some of them
having their own small scale business like shops, stalls, hospitals. About 1400 are non-workers
in villages

4.3.9 Any Costing
Due to good connectivity with nearby cities and also connected with National Highway. Village
has less transportation cost.
4.3.10 Geographical Detail
The most of the houses were only masonry and concrete build rather than the village huts. The
geographical feature is very ortho topographical as mountains are also present nearby. The
basic and other details of the Chital Village is depicted below.

City Name : AMRELI
District : AMRELI
State : Gujarat
4.3.11 Demographical Detail
Table 20: CHITAL: DEMOGRAPHY

2001 2011
MALE 3825 4214
FEMALE 3660 3944
TOTAL 7485 8158
4.3.12 Occupational Detail
Major occupation of the villagers are: Farming, Shop keeping, Laboring and Stall management.
4.3.13 Agricultural Details / Organic Farming / Fishery

Agriculture area in village is 520-39-98 hectors. Chital village is famous for cultural commanded
area in village total land to more than land use in agricultural use. This village people fully
depend on agricultural income.
4.3.14 Manufacturing HUB / Ware Houses
Chital village required to the ware houses because the ware house many use full to the long life
of crops, people and storage to the crops.
4.3.15 Tourism Cluster
In Chital Village, No any type of Tourism cluster.
4.3.16 Services Cluster
In village services cluster is rare available because village is depend on the agricultural land and
also depend on other occupation. Services cultural is Moderate because the village education is
Good and in village easily provided to primary education and secondary and higher education
are given in village.
4.3.17 Male / Female Details See below:
2001 2011
MALE 3825 4214
FEMALE 3660 3944
TOTAL 7485 8158
4.3.18 Cast Wise Population Details / Which ID proof using by villagers
Table 21: Cast Wise Population Details

Caste Population
General 5441
Other Backward Class(OBC) 2184
Schedule Caste (SC) 1423
4.3.19 Occupation wise Details / Majority business

Table 22: Occupation detail in percentage

Name of three major occupation 1. Agricultural (60%)
groups in village 2. Business (25%)
3. Others (15%)
4.3.20 Physical Infrastructure Facilities
Heath Facilities (Table 23)

No. nearby
distance
(Amreli)
(Amreli)
(108)
facilities
Education facilities (Table 24)
Sr. Descriptions Information/

No. Detail
1. Anganwadi/Play group 10 Nos.
2. Primary school (std. 1 to 3 Nos.
8)
3. Secondary school ( std. 9 2 Nos.
& 10)
4. Higher secondary school 1 Nos.
( std. 11 & 12)
5. Transportation facility School Bus
for students
6. Science stream Unavailable

7. College nearby village 17 km away

8. Nearby I.T.I. center 17 km away
9. Nearby vocational 0 km away
training center
4.4 Infrastructure Details ( With Exiting Photograph)
Various Facilities are present in villages and Managed by the Gram Panchayats.
4.4.1 Drinking Water / Water Management Facilities
Water tank is used for the water supply purpose.
4.4.2 Drainage Network / Sanitation Facilities
Small canals and sewerage system is used for the drainage.
4.4.3 Transportation & Road Network
CC roads and the inferior material type village road materials are used for the village based
material designs.
4.4.4 Housing condition
Basically in village also the masonry, brick based residential units are constructed.
4.4.5 Social Infrastructure Facilities , Health , Education , Community Hall , Library
Various facilities are present inside the villages such as Public Health centre, Educational
Institutes, community halls and library.
4.4.6 Technology Mobile/ WIFI / Internet Usage Details. In %
After the digitization, the use of internet is also increasing day by day in the villages. Most of the
villagers uses their personal data in mobile phones and there is not facility of Public Wifi in the
village.
4.4.7 Sports Activity as Gram Panchayat

Open spaces are present in the villages and grounds are also their for children and other villagers
to play.

4.4.8 Socio-Cultural Facilities , Public Garden /Park/Playground /Pond/ Other Recreation

Facilities
Public Gardens, Playground is present in the village which increases the interaction ration within
the villagers.
Fig.35 Village Entry Fig.36 Bus Stand Rest Region
Fig.37 Road By Pass Fig.38 Check Dam

Fig.39 Village Panchayat, Chital Fig.40 Bridge at Chital
Fig.41: Village Bridge Fig.42 : Chital Rly Stand

Fig.43: Chital Village Temple Fig.44: Police Station
4.4.9 Other Facilities
Various other facilities are also present in the village such as:
 Aanganbadi Kendra,
 Public offices,
 Dudh mandala,
 Temples and gathering place.
 Private community halls,
 Private Public health centre.
4.4.10 Sustainable Infrastructure Facilities & Repair & Maintenance
Sustainable development is the organizing principle for meeting human development goals
while simultaneously sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources
and ecosystem services based upon which the economy and society depend. The desired result is
a state of society where living conditions and resources are used to continue to meet human
needs without undermining the integrity and stability of the natural system. Sustainable
development can be defined as development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
4.4.11 Existing Condition of Public Buildings & Maintenance of existing Public

Infrastructures
Looking at the deplorable state of public buildings across the country for decades, a large chunk
of the country‘s resources have been channelled towards Transportation Infrastructure,
Government administrative Buildings for ministries and Parastatals, Colleges of Education,
Universities, Primary and Secondary Schools. All are geared toward repositioning the
underdeveloped economy. However, one remarkable action according to needed to ensure
sustainability of these varieties of infrastructure has not been given the right and sufficient
attention in terms of how to carry out its maintenance operations. Building maintenance is
refered to a way to preserve or keep the economic value of building.
4.4.12 Any other details
Any other specially designed building or structure is not present in the village. Although the
village has extreme potential to be developed as smart village.
4.4.13 Electrical Concept
Electrical concepts includes the efficient energy principles.
4.4.14 Renewable energy source planning particularly for villages
Planning for a home renewable energy system is a process that includes analyzing your existing
electricity use, looking at local codes and requirements, deciding if you want to operate your
system on or off of the electric grid, and understanding technology options you have for your
site. | Photo courtesy of Thomas Kelsey/U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon
Maybe you are considering purchasing a renewable energy system to generate electricity at your
home. Although it takes time and money to research, buy, and maintain a system, many people
enjoy the independence they gain and the knowledge that their actions are helping the
environment.
A renewable energy system can be used to supply some or all of your electricity needs, using
technologies like:
 Small solar electric systems

 Small wind electric systems
 Microhydropower systems
 Small hybrid electric systems (solar and wind).
Planning for a home renewable energy system is a process that includes analyzing your existing
electricity use (and considering energy efficiency measures to reduce it), looking at local codes
and requirements, deciding if you want to operate your system on or off of the electric grid, and
understanding technology options you have for your site.

4.4.15 Irrigation Facilities
Irrigation is the application of controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals.

Irrigation helps to grow agricultural crops, maintain landscapes, and revegetate disturbed soils in
dry areas and during periods of less than average rainfall. Irrigation also has other uses in crop
production, including frost protection, suppressing weed growth in grain fields and preventing
soil consolidation. In contrast, agriculture that relies only on direct rainfall is referred to as rain-
fed.
In the village various farming practices are observed and mainly the manual furrow and
controlled flooding irrigation techniques are used. No special farming and irrigation methods
such as drip or sprinkler has not been observed in the village.
There are many different types of irrigation systems, depending on how the water is distributed
throughout the field. Some common types of irrigation systems include:
Surface irrigation
Water is distributed over and across land by gravity, no mechanical pump involved.
Localized irrigation
Water is distributed under low pressure, through a piped network and applied to each plant.
Drip irrigation
A type of localized irrigation in which drops of water are delivered at or near the root of plants.
In this type of irrigation, evaporation and runoff are minimized.
Sprinkler irrigation
Water is distributed by overhead high-pressure sprinklers or guns from a central location in the
field or from sprinklers on moving platforms.
Center pivot irrigation

Water is distributed by a system of sprinklers that move on wheeled towers in a circular pattern.
This system is common in flat areas of the United States.
Lateral move irrigation

Water is distributed through a series of pipes, each with a wheel and a set of sprinklers, which
are rotated either by hand or with a purpose-built mechanism. The sprinklers move a certain
distance across the field and then need to have the water hose reconnected for the next distance.
This system tends to be less expensive but requires more labor than others.

Sub-irrigation
Water is distributed across land by raising the water table, through a system of pumping stations,
canals, gates, and ditches. This type of irrigation is most effective in areas with high water tables.
Manualirrigation
Water is distributed across land through manual labor and watering cans. This system is very
labor intensive.
4.4.16 Electricity Facilities with Area
Power is supplied through the electric poles to the houseold and residential buildings.
4.4.17 Existing Institution like - Village Administration – Detail Profile
The Village selected for the Vishwakarma Project Phase VII is situated in Amreli District and
the name of Village if Chital. The village administration served from the Gram panchayat
Chital, Amreli. The basic and other details of the Chital Village is depicted below.

City Name : AMRELI
District : AMRELI
State : Gujarat
4.4.18 Bachat Mandali
Banks are present in the villages where villagers can deposit and collect there money. Also
ATM‘s are there in the village from which the money can be collected for local expense.
4.4.19 Dudh Mandali

The local Dhudh mandli which can be referred to as a local dairy is also situated in the village.
4.4.19 Mahila forum
There are various rights and reserved honours for the ladies in the era of local self-government in
the villages. The women empowerment schemes are onserved in the villages as well.
4.4.20 Plantation for the Air Pollution
The village gram panchayat organizes the programs such as tree plantation and awareness camps
for the restoration of the local natural air. As the industrial tract is away from the village and no
big industry is near the village so air pollution is not causing any problem within the village.
4.4.21Rain Water Harvesting
Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and storage of rainwater for reuse on-site, rather than
allowing it to run off. Rainwater can be collected from rivers or roofs, and in many places, the
water collected is redirected to a deep pit (well, shaft, or borehole), aquifer, a reservoir with
percolation, or collected from dew or fog with nets or other tools. Its uses include water for
gardens, livestock, irrigation, domestic use with proper treatment, indoor heating for houses, etc.
The harvested water can also be used as drinking water, longer-term storage, and for other
purposes such as groundwater recharge.
Presently the practices of rain water harvesting is not followed but can be planned for the Chital
village.
4.4.22 Agricultural Development
Agriculture is the science and art of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key
development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated
species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. The history of agriculture
began thousands of years ago. After gathering wild grains beginning at least 105,000 years ago,
nascent farmers began to plant them around 11,500 years ago. Pigs, sheep and cattle were
domesticated over 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions
of the world. Industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture in the twentieth century
came to dominate agricultural output, though about 2 billion people still depended on subsistence
agriculture into the twenty-first.

4.4.23 Any Other
 Balika Samridhdhi Yojana

 Mid-day Meal Programme
 Intergrated Child Development Scheme(ICDS)
 Mahila Mandal Protsahan Yojana(MMPY)
 National food For Work Programme(NFFWP)
 National Rural Employment Programme
 Prime Minister Rojgar Yojana(PMRY)

CHAPTER
5
Sustainable Technical Options
5.1 Concept (Civil)
5.1.1 Advance construction techniques
5.1.2 Causes Prevention And Repair of Cracks In Building /

rectification of building tilt / rehabilitation techniques
5.1.3 Disaster management in natural calamities
5.1.4 Various types of Roads / Intelligent transport system
5.1.5 Various type of Environmental Factors
5.1.6 E – waste disposal / Any West disposal
5.1.7 Corrosion Mechanism, Prevention & Repair Measures of RCC Structure
5.2 Concept (Electrical)
5.2.1 Local / Out Source of Energy
5.2.2 Auto Intensity Controlled Solar LED Street Light / High Power LED
5.2.3 Automatic Water Plant System / Designing of DC Motor Speed Control Unit /
5.2.4 Central Control Unit for Irrigation Water Pumps Construction
5.2.5 Design of Sensing Soil Moisture Content By Auto Irrigation System
5.2.6 Energy Meter Reading with Load Control Using GSM
5.2.7 Street Light Monitoring and Control System

5.1 Concept (Civil)
Sustainability is defined the desire to perform activities without any depletion of resources or
bringing any harmful effect on the environment. Practicing sustainable construction methods will
help avoiding harmful effects from construction activities.
Construction involves activities like use of building materials from various sources, use of
machineries, demolition of existing structures, use of green fields, cutting down of tress etc.
which can impact environment in one or more ways. Civil engineering field being the major part
of the economy, it is very essential that sustainable construction practice dominate the past
followed conventional construction practice and methods.
Construction has a direct impact on the environment due to following reasons:
1. Generation of waste materials

2. Emissions from vehicles, machineries
3. Noise pollution due to use of heavy vehicles and construction machineries.
4. Releases of wastes and pollutants into water, ground and atmosphere.
Sustainability assessment of construction projects is essential to the fact that it does not create
any harmful effects on the living ecosystem while optimizing the cost of construction. This is to
ensure the availability of resources for the future generations.
1. Biodiversity Enhancement
2. Support to the Community
3. Effective Use of Resources
4. Pollution Reduction
5. Creating Healthy Environment
6. Process Management
5.1.1 Advance construction techniques
The construction industry is repeatedly criticised for being inefficient and slow to innovate. The
basic methods of construction, techniques and technologies have changed little since Roman
times. But the application of innovation in the construction industry is not straight forward.
Every construction project is different, every site is a singular prototype, construction works are
located in different places, and involve the constant movement of personnel and machinery. In

addition, the weather and other factors can prevent the application of previous experience
effectively.
The term 'advanced construction technology' covers a wide range of modern techniques and
practices that encompass the latest developments in materials technology, design procedures,
quantity surveying, facilities management, services, structural analysis and design, and
management studies.
Incorporating advanced construction technology into practice can increase levels of quality,
efficiency, safety, sustainability and value for money. However, there is often a conflict between
traditional industry methods and innovative new practices, and this is often blamed for the
relatively slow rate of technology transfer within the industry.
The adoption of advanced construction technology requires an appropriate design,

commitment from the whole project team, suitable procurement strategies, good quality control,
appropriate training and careful commissioning.
5.1.2 Causes Prevention And Repair of Cracks In Building / rectification of building tilt /
rehabilitation techniques
Repair and rehabilitation of existing damaged concrete structures have emerged as one of the
most important construction activities globally. Money used on repairing damaged structures has
exceeded that of the money used on building new structures. The earthquake strikes recently in
Asian countries such as Japan and Borneo Malaysia have attracted the attention of structural
engineers and scholars on the research and development of rapid repairing techniques.
Confinement is one of the rapid repairing techniques that is popular and proven to be efficient in
restoring the original capacities of damaged concrete. Although many research investigations
have been done to confirm the suitability of these techniques in repairing damaged concrete
structures, there are several barriers that hindered the widespread use in practical. These barriers
include the lack of design and installation guidelines and long-term durability studies.
5.1.3 Disaster management in natural calamities
Disaster Management can be defined as the organization and management of resources and
responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in particular
preparedness, response and recovery in order to lessen the impact of disasters.
Disaster management in India it refers to the conservation of lives and property during a
natural and man-made disaster. Disaster management plans are multi-layered and are planned to
address issues such as floods, hurricanes, fires, mass failure of utilities , rapid spread of disease
and droughts.India is especially vulnerable to natural disasters because of its unique geo-climatic
conditions, having recurrent floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes, and landslides. As India is a
very large country, different regions are vulnerable to different natural disasters. For example,
during rainy season the peninsular regions of South India is mostly affected by cyclones and
states of West India experience severe drought during summer.
5.1.4 Various types of Roads / Intelligent transport system
A road is a route, or way on land between two places that has been surfaced or otherwise
improved to allow travel by foot or some form of conveyance, including a motor vehicle, cart,
bicycle, or horse. Roads have been adapted to a large range of structures and types in order to
achieve a common goal of transportation under a large and wide range of conditions.
The roads are classified based on many factors as follows.
 Materials
 Location & function
 Traffic volume
 Width
 Economy
 Traffic type
 Rigidity
 Topography
Types of Roads Based on Materials
 Earthen roads
 Gravel roads
 Murrum roads
 Kankar roads
 WBM roads
 Bituminous roads
 Concrete roads

An intelligent transportation system (ITS) is an advanced application which aims to provide

innovative services relating to different modes of transport and traffic management and enable
users to be better informed and make safer, more coordinated, and 'smarter' use of transport
networks.
Some of these technologies include calling for emergency services when an accident occurs,
using cameras to enforce traffic laws or signs that mark speed limit changes depending on
conditions.
5.1.5 Various type of Environmental Factors
An environmental factor, ecological factor or eco factor is any factor, abiotic or biotic, that
influences living organisms Abiotic factors include ambient temperature, amount of sunlight, and
pH of the water soil in which an organism lives. Biotic factors would include the availability of
food organisms and the presence of conspecifics, competitors, predators, and parasites.
Environmental factors such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and additional
toxicants are always important considerations when characterizing bioaccumulation and toxicity.
Most of these environmental variables will affect the rates of uptake and elimination
(toxicokinetics) of a toxicant, which can greatly affect the amount accumulated and the resulting
toxic response. Additionally, even when two individuals contain equal concentrations of a
toxicant in their tissues, many of these environmental factors can affect the potency
(toxicodynamics) of the compound by one of several actions, such as altering biochemical rates
or changing membrane permeability.
5.1.6 E – waste disposal / Any Waste disposal
In India, the quantity of ―e-waste‖ or electronic waste has now become a major problem.
Disposal of e-waste is an emerging global environmental and public health issue, as this waste
has become the most rapidly growing segment of the formal municipal waste stream in the
world. E-waste or Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) are loosely discarded,
surplus, obsolete, broken, electrical or electronic devices. In India most of the waste electronic
items are stored at households as people do not know how to discard them. This ever-increasing
waste is very complex in nature and is also a rich source of metals such as gold, silver, and
copper, which can be recovered and brought back into the production cycle. So e-waste trade and
recycling alliances provide employment to many groups of people in India. Around 25,000

workers including children are involved in crude dismantling units in Delhi alone where 10,000–
20,000 tonnes of e-waste is handled every year by bare hands. Improper dismantling and
processing of e-waste render it perilous to human health and our ecosystem. Therefore, the need
of proper e-waste management has been realized. It is necessary to review the public health risks
and strategies to combat this growing menace.
5.1.7 Corrosion Mechanism, Prevention & Repair Measures of RCC Structure
Corrosion Mechanism, Prevention & Repair Measures of RCC Structure Though concrete is
quite strong mechanically, it is highly susceptible to chemical attack and thus structure gets
damaged and even fail unless some preventive measures are adopted to counteract this and
thereby increasing the durability of structure. In the case of Reinforced concrete structure the
ingress of moisture or air may lead to corrosion of steel, cracking and spalling of concrete cover
thereby reducing durability of concrete structure . Repair has been suggested as the protective
solution for damaged structure due to corrosion.
5.2 Concept (Electrical)
Efficient energy consumption system is the need of hour.
5.2.1 Local / Out Source of Energy
Electrical supply is through the Electric poles and wires and no system of electricity developed
for self generation near the study area such as wind mill or small scale hydroelectric plants.
5.2.2 Auto Intensity Controlled Solar LED Street Light / High Power LED
Street lights are presents and during the night time efficient lighting within the village is
observed.
5.2.3 Automatic Water Plant System / Designing of DC Motor Speed Control Unit /
At present not any automatic water plant system is present in the village. An irrigation
sprinkler (also known as a water sprinkler or simply a sprinkler) is a device used to irrigate
agricultural crops, lawns, landscapes, golf courses, and other areas. They are also used for
cooling and for the control of airborne dust. Sprinkler irrigation is the method of applying water

in a controlled manner in way similar to rainfall. The water is distributed through a network that
may consist of pumps, valves, pipes, and sprinklers. Irrigation sprinklers can be used for
residential, industrial, and agricultural usage. It is useful on uneven land where sufficient water is
not available as well as on sandy soil. The perpendicular pipes, having rotating nozzles on top,
are joined to the main pipeline at regular intervals of time. When water is allowed to flow
through the main pipe under pressure with the help of pump it, escapes from the rotating nozzles.
It gets sprinkled on the crop. In sprinkler or overhead irrigation, water is piped to one more
central locations within the field and distributed by overhead high pressure sprinklers or guns.
5.1.4 Central Control Unit for Irrigation Water Pumps Construction
Irrigation is done through the mode of controlled furrow and sprinkler system in some regions.
Central controlled units may be designed for the effective irrigation supply.
5.1.5 Design of Sensing Soil Moisture Content By Auto Irrigation System
Smart irrigation systems tailor watering schedules and run times automatically to meet specific
landscape needs. These controllers significantly improve outdoor water use efficiencies.
Unlike traditional irrigation controllers that operate on a preset programmed schedule and timers,
smart irrigation controllers monitor weather, soil conditions, evaporation and plant water use to
automatically adjust the watering schedule to actual conditions of the site.
For example, as outdoor temperatures increase or rainfall decreases, smart irrigation controllers
consider on site-specific variables, such as soil type, sprinklers‘ application rate, etc. to adjust the
watering run times or schedules. There are several options for smart irrigation controllers.
5.1.6 Energy Meter Reading with Load Control Using GSM
 Wire less GSM/GPRS systems With CityLight software for constant monitoring,
controlling and logging of switching on time, RTC data, electricity parameters and
faults.
 Low annual operating cost type GSM base are among the most inexpensive wireless
technologies available. And Low initial costs of installation As GSM wireless, there is no
need to establish cable connection and is easily expandable to new areas and cities. Also
it required no government licensing.

5.1.7 Street Light Monitoring and Control System
 Fast detection of errors by feeder pillar and along with GSM communication the street
lights are always online any fault in street lighting electrical circuits is known to the
operator within sort time. Simultaneously User settable Mobil no of supervisor and
technician for instantaneous fault reporting.
 Unit self generate data massage like, ON time, Off Time, Power Down time, Auto mode,
Manual Mode, Volt Fault, Over Current Fault, Short Circuit Fault, Neutral Fault, RTC
Fault, Memory Fault, Low Ampere Fault, Door Open, Relay Fault, Calibration Data, and
acknowledge the massage received from master like E Stop, Test Mode, Live Status, E
Profile, parameter update, All this massage contain All electrical parameter with real-
time clock date and time. it send to CityLight software through GSM/GPRS systems.

CHAPTER
Feasibility, Construction,
Operation and maintenance of
Various Design
6
6.1Civil
6.1.1 Deep wells with submersible pumps
6.2.2 Shallow wells
6.2.3 Rainwater harvesting
6.2.5 Shallow wells with lined walls and covers
6.2 Electrical
6.2.6 Solar thermal collector
6.2.7 zero emission generation methods
6.2.8 Wind Power
6.2.9 Wireless Data Acquisition System For Energy Tapping Identifier
6.2.10Testing of Electrical Loads Life Cycle By Down Counter

6.1 Civil
Civil Engineering structures and buildings such as parks, public gardes, other public buildings
needs to be structurally monitored. Few of the mentioned below feasible things may be used for
the villages.
Deep Well Submersible Pumps only need to be primed once because they are submerged in the
water being pumped and avoid pump cavitation, which damages the pump and decreases
performance. Deep Well Pumps can be used in wells as deep as 300' below ground and work by
pushing the fluid to the surface of the well.
6.2.2 Shallow wells
A shallow well is a hole which has been dug, bored, driven or drilled into the ground for the
purpose of extracting water is a well. A well is considered to be shallow if it is less than 50 feet
deep. The source of a well is an aquifer. An aquifer is an underground layer of permeable soil
(such as sand or gravel) that contains water and allows the passage of water.
Aquifers are replenished as rainfall seeps down through the soil. Ground water travels through
permeable soil on top of hard or impermeable layers. Shallow wells usually are only deep
enough to intercept the uppermost (or most easily reached) perched water table.
Fig.45: Shallow well

6.2.3 Rainwater harvesting
Water is, undoubtedly, the top natural resource you need for your home use. It‘s glamorous to
possess a stockpile of guns, gold, and jeweler, but without water, life might prove to be
unbearable. Water shortages are sometimes inevitable, and so if you‘re not prepared for the
eventuality, you might find yourself between a rock and a hard place. The best and cheapest
alternative to the traditional water supply systems is rainwater harvesting. However, to be able to
harvest rainwater, you‘ll need to install a rainwater harvesting system.
We all take water for granted. It is one of those natural resources that most people do not put a
lot of thought into, but in order to continue enjoying that free supply of water for many more
years, changes must be made. Rainwater harvesting is the process of collection of rainwater from
surfaces on which rain falls, filtering it and storing it for multiple uses. Rainwater harvesting puts
the supply of water back to normal levels. It is the collection and storage of water from surfaces
that rain has fallen upon.
Fig.46: Rainwater Harvesting System

Rainwater harvesting is an innovative technique utilized to harvest rainwater from roofs and
other above surfaces to be stored for later use. Rain harvested water can be used for garden and
crop irrigation, watering livestock, laundry, and flushing toilets. However, you cannot use
harvested rainwater for showering, bathroom sink or kitchen use because it‘s not really fit for
consumption.
A submersible pump (or sub pump, electric submersible pump (ESP)) is a device which has a
hermetically sealed motor close-coupled to the pump body. The whole assembly is submerged in
the fluid to be pumped. The main advantage of this type of pump is that it prevents pump
cavitation, a problem associated with a high elevation difference between pump and the fluid
surface. Submersible pumps push fluid to the surface as opposed to jet pumps which create a
vacuum and rely upon atmospheric pressure. Submersibles are more efficient than jet pumps.
Hydraulic submersible pumps (HSP's) use pressurised fluid from the surface to drive a hydraulic
motor downhole, rather than an electric motor, and are used in heavy oil applications with heated
water as the motive fluid.
6.2.5 Shallow wells with lined walls and covers
The lining is a circular wall made of a strong, permanent material placed or built adjacent to the
walls of the hole.
The lining has three purposes:
 it retains the walls after completion; it keeps the hole from caving in;
 it acts as a seal to prevent polluted surface water from entering the well;
 it serves as foundation and support for the well top.
Wells should be lined if possible. Without linings, wells are subject to damaging cave-ins.
Only in hard rock formations are linings not necessary because rock is not liable to cave-in.
Linings should be built of permanent materials which will not rot, decay or otherwise lose their
strength in a relatively short period of time.
In some places wells are lined, meter by meter, only down to a depth of about 3 meters. From
there down the walls are left unlined. Such a limited lining reinforces what is normally the most
unstable part of the well. If caving in is not a problem, this amount of wall reinforcement may
enable the development of a semi-permanent water source. It requires a minimum amount of
materials but is not really suitable for development as a sanitary water source.

It would be tempting to think of this kind of well as an appropriate temporary solution which
could later be easily up-graded to meet the need for a permanent sanitary water source. However,
consider that although the partlylined well meets the current water needs, it may be difficult to
motivate local inhabitants to donate time and money to later improve a source that already meets
their felt needs.
Lining: Methods
There are two basic methods of lining a hand-dug well.
 Dig and line
The hole or a portion of the hole is first dug and then lined. This is a very flexible method and is
therefore suitable for use in many different ground conditions.
 Sink lining
6.2 Electrical
Electrical design entails planning, creating, testing, or supervising the development and
installation of electrical equipment, including lighting equipment, power systems, power
distribution, fire and life safety systems, electronic components, and voice and data
communications infrastructure.
6.2.6 Solar thermal collector
Solar collector and heat pipe solar collector convert energy from the sun into usable heat. This
energy can be used for hot water heating, pool heating, space heating or even air
conditioning. Our solar heating collector is made of heat absorption copper pipes and can have
high efficiency even in winter or cloudy days.
A solar thermal collector collects heat by absorbing sunlight. The term "solar collector"
commonly refers to a device for solar hot water heating, but may refer to large power generating
installations such as solar parabolic troughs and solar towers or non water heating devices such
as solar air heaters.
Solar thermal collectors are either non-concentrating or concentrating. In non-concentrating

collectors, the aperture area (i.e., the area that receives the solar radiation) is roughly the same as
the absorber area (i.e., the area absorbing the radiation). This type has no extra parts except the
collector itself. Concentrating collectors have a much bigger aperture than absorber area
(additional mirrors focus sunlight on the absorber) and only harvest the direct component of
sunlight.
6.2.7 zero emission generation methods
Clean Energy Systems has developed game-changing technology that is revolutionizing the
power industry by eliminating the traditional power plant stack and making zero-emission power
plants a standard installation.
Based on proven rocket technology, the CES oxy-fuel combustor produces clean, high-energy
drive gases for the generation of electrical power. The incorporation of oxy-fuel combustion
technology into conventional power generation systems makes zero-emissions power plants
(ZEPPs) based on fossil fuels practical today.
ZEPPs have multiple advantages, including compact and lower cost equipment, greater cycle
efficiencies with advanced turbines, complete carbon capture and sequestration of the carbon
dioxide (CO2) effluent, and zero emissions (or ultra-low emissions when the exhaust is vented to
the atmosphere as in a peaking power plant).
6.2.8 Wind Power
Wind power or wind energy is the use of wind to provide the mechanical power through wind
turbines to turn electric generators and traditionally to do other work, like milling or pumping.
Wind power is a sustainable and renewable energy, and has a much smaller impact on the
environment compared to burning fossil fuels.
Wind farms consist of many individual wind turbines, which are connected to the electric power
transmission network. Onshore wind is an inexpensive source of electric power, competitive with
or in many places cheaper than coal or gas plants. Onshore wind farms also have an impact on
the landscape, as typically they need to be spread over more land than other power stations and
need to be built in wild and rural areas, which can lead to "industrialization of the
countryside"and habitat loss. Offshore wind is steadier and stronger than on land and offshore
farms have less visual impact, but construction and maintenance costs are higher. Small onshore
wind farms can feed some energy into the grid or provide electric power to isolated off-grid
locations. Wind energy is the electrical energy obtained from harnessing the wind. The wind
portal provides an overview of the information on energypedia related to wind energy.
6.2.9 Wireless Data Acquisition System For Energy Tapping Identifier
Real-time data acquisition is commonly required in a diversity of areas such as power grid,
healthcare, industrial production, water conservancy, meteorology and agriculture. In practice,
there must be numbers of acquisition spots scattered throughout large areas that are mostly
enduring harsh environment. The use of phone lines or cables in these areas for data transfer
would get half the result with twice the effort. While wireless networks could cover all the data
acquisition points with much lower cost and less effort for installation and maintenance than
wired networks. Data acquisition systems are products and/or processes used to collect
information to document or analyze some phenomenon. In the simplest form, a technician
logging the temperature of an oven on a piece of paper is performing data acquisition. An
appropriate monitoring and control system of the HVAC system is necessary to reduce its energy
consumption on the premise of ensure the users‘ comfort. A suite of wireless data acquisition
system for HVAC system have been developed in this paper to resolve the cabling difficulties
existing in the installation process of the sensors distributed at the end of the HVAC system. The
acquisition system utilized a low-power and high-performance stm32f103RBT6 microcontroller
as the MCU and a wireless transceiver module nRF24L01 and an Ethernet transceiver module
W5100 to transfer data.
6.2.10 Testing of Electrical Loads Life Cycle By Down Counter
The desired number is entered through a keypad interfaced to a microcontroller of 8051 family.
Upon activation, the framework counts down one each second till the set number achieves zero.
A relay switches the load ON and OFF for each count accordingly testing the life cycle of the
product.
The working life of many products, for example, a lamp depends upon the number of ON/OFF
cycles it encounters. This project is designed to be utilized as a part of enterprises for testing the
life cycle of such electrical loads (lights, engines and so on) utilizing a down counter.
This proposed framework utilizes microcontroller of 8051 family with a keypad interfaced to it
to enter a required number.7-segment displays are utilized for displaying the number/count.
Once the circuit is powered, the counter is set utilizing the keypad to count down somewhere in
the range of 999 to 0. The counter begins decrementing from the set number to 0 for every each
check and all the while making the load (i.e. globule in this circuit) turn ON and OFF by a
transfer. Achieving the zero count it finally remains OFF.

CHAPTER
7
Swatchh Bharat Abhiyan
7.1 Which type of swatchhta needed in your village explaining Existing Situation with photograph
7.2 Guidelines for the process of the implementation in your village with
photograph
7.3 Actual Activity Done by Students for making your village Clean with
Photograph
7.1 Which type of swatchhta needed in your village explaining Existing Situation with
photograph
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA) or Clean India Mission is a nation-wide campaign in India for
the period 2014 to 2019 that aims to clean up the streets, roads and infrastructure of India's cities,
towns, urban and rural areas. The campaign's official name is in Hindi and translates to "Clean
India Mission" in English. The objectives of Swachh Bharat include eliminating open defecation
through the construction of household-owned and community-owned toilets and establishing an
accountable mechanism of monitoring toilet use. Run by the Government of India, the mission
aims to achieve an "open-defecation free" (ODF) India by 2 October 2019, the 150th birth
anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, by constructing 100 million toilets in rural India at a projected
cost of INR 1.96 lakh crore (US$28 billion). The mission will also contribute to India reaching
Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6), established by the UN in 2015.

Fig.47: Water Blockage nuisance needs to be cleaned
7.2 Guidelines for the process of the implementation in your village with photograph
―A clean India would be the best tribute India could pay to Mahatma Gandhi on his 150 birth
anniversary in 2019,‖ said Shri Narendra Modi as he launched the Swachh Bharat Mission at
Rajpath in New Delhi. On 2nd October 2014, Swachh Bharat Mission was launched throughout
length and breadth of the country as a national movement. The campaign aims to achieve the
vision of a ‗Clean India‘ by 2nd October 2019.
Guidelines with the process of Implementation:

Five methods have been identified as an initiatives,
1. Door to door awareness programs and seminars by students to be done in the 8th semester.
2. Village administrative officials will be given some suggestions for the improvement of the
Clean-India Mission.
3. Persons from the NGO‘s will be met and will be given some suggestions.
4. Village is going through the policies of the Clean India Mission of Government of India and
also of the State Government.
5. Village female and girls will be motivated through programs organised by the Sarpanch.

Fig.48: Unpaved area of the villages needs to be cleaned
Fig.49: Roads to be cleaned twice a day

7.3 Actual Activity Done by Students for making your village Clean with Photograph
Three Activities have been done by the students:
1. Students have gone through the Village and identified the location where the Cleaning garbage
from the households have been collected and dumped.
2. Students have identifies the policies and discussed it with the sarpanch and officials. Students
suggested about “Regular Monitoring of the cleaning of villages atleast one in the week”.
3. Door to door meetings of the students and Photographs.
Fig.50: Water Blockage has to be handled to prevent water logging
Fig.51: Construction waste has to be cleaned as and when constructed

CHAPTER
Sustainable Design Planning

Proposal
8
8. Sustainable Design Planning Proposal (Prototype Design)- Part- I ( Scenario / Existing Situation /
Proposed Design in Auto cad / Recapitulation Sheet / Measurement Sheet / Abstract Sheet /
Sustainability of Proposal)
8.2 Recommendations of the Design
8.3 Suggestions / Benefit of the villagers
8.4 Sustainable Design
8.5 Physical design
8.6 Social design
8.7 Socio-Cultural design
8.8 Smart Village Design
8. Sustainable Design Planning Proposal (Prototype Design)- Part- I ( Scenario / Existing

Situation / Proposed Design in Auto cad / Recapitulation Sheet / Measurement Sheet /
Abstract Sheet / Sustainability of Proposal)
Proposed Design in the Villages:
1. Designing of Bus Stand.
2. Design of Community Hall
3. Designing of Public Garden and Park

4. Design of Solar water Pumping station.
5. Design of Solid Waste Management Chamber
6. Design of the Bridge for accessibility and connection.
1. Designing of Bus Stand.
Figure 52: Proposed Bus stand, Chital (Plan, Section, Elevation)

Table 25: PROP. CONSTRUCTION WORK OF BUS STOP

AT, CHITAL, TAL:-AMRELI , DIST:-AMRELI
MEASUREMENT SHEET
ITEM DESCRIPTION NO L B/W H/D QUANTIY UNITS
ITEM NO.:- 1
Excavation for
foundation
L= 96.5 m 1 96.5 0.9 0.9 78.165 Cu.m.
TOTAL QTY 78.165 Cu.m.
ITEM NO.:- 2
C.C. work in foundation
26.055
L=96.5 m 1 96.5 0.9 0.3 Cu.m.
TOTAL QTY 26.055 Cu.m
ITEM NO.:- 3
Brick masonry work in
foundation
1st step
L=98.15 m 1 98.15 0.6 0.3 17.66 Cu.m.
2nd step
L= 99.8 m 1 99.8 0.5 0.3 14.97 Cu.m.
3rd step 1 101.4 0.4 0.6 24.34 Cu.m.

5
L= 101.45 m
Total Brick masonry 56.97 Cu.m.

work in foundation
ITEM NO.:- 4
Earth filling work 1 4 2 0.45 3.6 Cu.m
4 2 0.45 3.7 Cu.m
1 3 3 0.45 4.05 Cu.m

1 3 3 0.45 4.05 Cu.m
1 3 4 0.45 5.4 Cu.m
1 3 2 0.45 2.7 Cu.m
2 5 8.17 0.45 19.2 Cu.m
2 1.5 4 0.45 0.14 Cu.m
1 1 4 0.45 2.80 Cu.m
1 1.2 2 0.45 1.08 Cu.m
TOTAL 55.77 Cu.m
ITEM NO.:- 5
super structure
L=93.9 m 1 99.35 0.3 3.0 89.41 Cu.m.
Deduction for door &
Window
Door – D 6 1.2 0.3 2.1 4.536 Cu.m.
Window – W 4 1.2 0.3 1.8 2.592 Cu.m.
Window – W 1 1 0.9 1.8 1.62 Cu.m.
Ventilator – V 10 0.6 0.3 0..6 1.08 Cu.m.
Deduction for lintel 1 99.35 0.3 0.6 8.18
Total Brick masonry

Work
77.462 Cu.m.
ITEM NO.:- 6
Lintel work as per
Above 8.18 Cu.m.
ITEM NO.:- 7
TOTAL plaster work 248.4 Sq.m

ITEM NO.:- 8
White wash as per 248.4 Sq.m.
Above
ITEM NO.:- 9
TOTAL Flooring work 96.9 Sq.m
ITEM NO.:- 10
Skirting work 2 10.3 20.6 Sq.m.
2 6.2 12.4 Sq.m.
Total Skirting work 33 Sq.m.
ITEM NO.:- 11
R.C.C Work for slab
L=20.7 m 1 20.7 7.5 0.15 21.26 Cu.m.
B= 7.5 m
H= 0.15 m

TABLE 25.2: PROP. CONSTRUCTION WORK OF BUS STOP

AT, CHITAL, TAL:-AMRELI DIST:- AMRELI
ABSTRACT SHEET
Sr. Item description Quantity Rate Per Amount
1. Excavation work 78.165 155 Cu.m. 12115

2. P C.C 26.055 3000 Cu.m. 78165
3. Brickwork in 56.97 3200 Cu.m. 182300
foundation
4. Brickwork in 77.462 3500 Cu.m. 271117
superstructure
5. Plastering 248.4 150 Sq.m. 37260
6. Flooring 96.9 855 Sq.m. 82849
7. R.C.C slab 21.26 4900 Cu.m. 104175
8. Painting 248.4 25 Sq.m. 6210
Total Rupees 784191
Conti……..05.00% Rupees 39210
10% contractor charges 78420
2% water charges 15683
Total Amount Rupees 917504
Say Rupees 920000

2. Design of Community Hall
Figure 53: Proposed Community Hall, Chtal (Plan, Section, Elevation)

TABLE 26: PROP. CONSTRUCTION WORK OF COMMUNITY HALL

AT, CHITAL, TAL:-AMRELI, DIST:-AMRELI
MEASUREMENT SHEET
ITEM NO.:- 1
Excavation for
Foundation
L=196 1 196 0.9 1.2 211 Cu.m.
ITEM NO.:- 2
L=196 1 196 0.9 0.2 35.28 Cu.m.
ITEM NO.:- 3
Foundation (L=37.10)
1st step
L=205 –20*(0.6/2) 1 199 0.6 0.1 11.94 Cu.m
=199
2nd step
L=205 –20*(0.5/2) 1 200 0.5 0.1 10 Cu.m
=200
3rd step
L=205–20*(0.4/2) 1 201 0.4 0.1 8.04 Cu.m
=201
4th step 1 202 0.3 0.7 42.42 Cu.m

L=205 –20*(0.3/2)
=202
work in foundation
ITEM NO.:- 5
+ super structure
L=50.20m 1 205 0.3 4 246 Cu.m.
Window

Door 14 1.2 0.3 2.1 10.58 Cu.m.

Door 1 9 0.9 0.3 2.1 5.103 Cu.m.
Ventilator – V 9 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.972 Cu.m.
Door 2 1 4 0.3 2 2.4 Cu.m
Deduction for lintel

Door 14 1.2 0.3 0.1 0.504 Cu.m.
Door 1 9 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.243 Cu.m.
Ventilator – V 9 1.2 0.3 0.1 0.324 Cu.m.
Door 2 1 4 0.3 0.1 0.12 Cu.m
Total Brick masonry
Work
= 246 –20.24 225 Cu.m.
ITEM NO.:- 6
Brick masonry work in Cu.m.
step
Step: 1 1 4 0.6 0.25 0.6 Cu.m.
Step: 2 1 4 0.3 0.25 0.3 Cu.m.
Total 0.9 Cu.m.
ITEM NO.:- 7
D.P.C at plinth level
For 200mm thick wall 1 8 0.7 0.6 3.36 cu.m
For 300mm thick wall 1 205 0.9 0.9 166.05 cum
Total 169.41 Cu.m
ITEM NO 8
EARTH FILLING 2 4 5 0.6 24 Cu.m
1 16 14 0.6 134.4 Cu.m
1 16 5.30 0.6 50.88 Cu.m
1 4 4.58 0.6 11 Cu.m
1 4 3 0.6 7.2 Cu.m
1 4 3.98 0.6 9.55 Cu.m
1 4 8 0.6 19.2 Cu.m
1 4 7 0.6 16.8 Cu.m
TOTAL 273.03 Cu.m
INTERNAL PLASTER 14 4 84
5 5 25
5 6 30
3 3 4 36
16 6 4 384

5 5 4 100
5 5 4 100
TOTAL 754 SQ.M
ITEM NO.:- 9
WHITE WASH PER ABOVE 754 SQ.M
ITEM NO 10
RCC WORK FOR SLAB 1 25.2 24.18 0.15 91.4 CU.M
L=25.2
B=24.18
H=0.15
TABLE 26.2: PROP. CONSTRUCTION WORK OFBUS STOP

AT, VASTRAL, TAL:-DASKROI DIST:- AHMEDABAD
ABSTRACT SHEET
1. Excavation work 211 155 Cu.m. 32705

2. P C.C 35.28 3000 Cu.m. 105840
3. Brickwork in 72.4 3200 Cu.m. 2,31,680
foundation
4. Brickwork in 225 3500 Cu.m. 787500
superstructure
5. Plastering 754 150 Sq.m. 113100
6. R.C.C slab 91.4 4900 Cu.m. 447860
7. Painting 754 25 Sq.m. 18850
Total Rupees 1737535
Conti……..05.00% Rupees 86876
Say Rupees 2032000

3. Designing of Public Garden and Park
Figure 54: Proposed Design of Public Garden, Chital Village

Table 27: PROP. CONSTRUCTION WORK OF PBLIC GARDEN

AT CHITTAL, TAL:-AMRELI DIST:- AMRELI
ABSTRACT SHEET
1. Excavation work 10 155 Cu.m. 1550

2. P C.C 5 3000 Cu.m. 15000
3. Brickwork in 12 3200 Cu.m. 38400
foundation
4. Earth filling 20 100 Cu.m 2000
5. Plantation & Grass - - - 55000
Exp.
Total Rupees 111950
Conti……..05.00% Rupees 5598
Total Amount Rupees 1,30,982
Say Rupees 1,31,000
4. Design of Salar based Water Pumping Station

Fig.55: Design Plan, Section, Elevation of Solar Based Water pumping station

Table 28: PROP. CONSTRUCTION WORK OF SOLAR PANEL

MEASUREMENT SHEET
ITEM NO.:- 1
Excavation for
Foundation
L=31.2 1 31.2 0.9 1.2 33.69 Cu.m.
ITEM NO.:- 2
L=31.2 1 31.2 0.9 0.2 5.61 Cu.m.
ITEM NO.:- 3
Foundation ()
1st step
L=31.2 1 31.2 0.6 0.1 1.872 Cu.m
2nd step
=31.2 1 31.2 0.5 0.1 1.56 Cu.m
3rd step
L=31.2 1 31.2 0.4 0.1 1.24 Cu.m
4th step 1 31.2 0.3 0.7 6.522 Cu.m

L= 31.2

work in foundation
ITEM NO.:- 4

+ super structure
Total Brick masonry

Work
L= 31.2 1 31.2 0.3 3.6 33.69 Cu.m.
ITEM NO.:- 5
step
Step: 1 1 1.2 0.6 0.25 0.18 Cu.m.
Step: 2 1 1.2 0.3 0.25 0.09 Cu.m.
Total 0.27 Cu.m.
ITEM NO 6
Cu.m
TOTAL 30 Cu.m
ITEM NO 8
L=10.6
B=5.6
H=0.15

Table 28.1: PROP. CONSTRUCTION WORK OF SOLAR PANEL

ABSTRACT SHEET

2. P C.C 5.61 3000 Cu.m. 16830
3. Brickwork in 11.22 3200 Cu.m. 35904
foundation
4. Brickwork in 33.69 3500 Cu.m. 117915
superstructure
5 Earth filling 30 100 Cu.m 3000
6 RCC work 8.9 4900 Cu.m 43610
7 Solar panel 20 6555 Per piece 131100
Total Rupees 353414
Conti……..05.00% Rupees 17670
Say Rupees 4,14,000

5. Design of the Bridge for accessibility and connection.
A bridge has been designed having span of 24m and width 2m. It can be used to access the
connectivity within the village.

Fig. 56: Proposed Design of Bridge (Plan/Section/Elevation)

Table 29: PROP. CONSTRUCTION WORK OF BRIDGE

MEASUREMENT SHEET
ITEM NO.:- 1
Excavation for
Abutments
2 5.337 5.2 1 55.50 Cu.m.
ITEM NO.:- 2
C.C. work in Abutments
2 5.337 5.2 0.2 11.10 Cu.m.
ITEM NO.:- 3
Stone masonry work in
Abutment
2 5.337 5.2 3.4 188.71 Cu.m

ITEM NO.:- 4
Iron girder for pillar
+ 1 66.60 0.006 0.3996 Cu.m
m^2
Total iron girder in kg
Density = 7850 kg/m^3 1 3136 KG.
ITEM NO.:- 5
Iron girder for the roof
1 138 0.006 0.826 Cu.m.
m^2
Total iron girder in kg

Density = 7850 kg/m^3 1 6499 Kg.
ITEM NO 6
Road work on the roof 1 27 27 m.
L=27m
PROP. CONSTRUCTION WORK OF BRIDGE

ABSTRACT SHEET

2. P C.C 11.10 3000 Cu.m. 33300
3. Stone masonry work in 188.71 1800 Cu.m. 3,39,768
Abutments
4. Iron girder for pillar 3136 80 Kg. 2,50,880
5 Iron girder for roof 6499 80 Kg. 5,19,980
6 Road work 0.027 2700000 Km. 72900
Total Rupees 12,25,341

Conti……..05.00% Rupees 61267
Say Rupees 1434000

6. Designing of Solid Waste Management Chamber.
Figure 57: Proposed Design of Solid Waste Management Chamber.
PROP. CONSTRUCTION WORK OF SOLID WASTE

MEASUREMENT SHEET
ITEM NO.:- 1
Excavation for
Foundation
L=196 1 211.8 0.9 1.2 228.7 Cu.m.
ITEM NO.:- 2
L=196 1 211.8 0.9 0.2 38.12 Cu.m.
ITEM NO.:- 3

Foundation (L=37.10)
1st step
L=212.7 –2*(0.6/2) 1 212.1 0.6 0.1 12.726 Cu.m
=212.1
2nd step
L=212.7–2*(0.5/2) 1 212.2 0.5 0.1 10.61 Cu.m
=212.2
3rd step
L=212.7–2*(0.4/2) 1 212.3 0.4 0.1 8.492 Cu.m
=212.3
4th step 1 212.4 0.3 0.7 44.604 Cu.m

L=205 –20*(0.3/2)
=202
work in foundation
ITEM NO.:- 4
+ super structure
L=141.2 1 141.2 0.3 1 42.36 Cu.m.
L = 80.6 1 80.6 0.3 3 72.54 CU.M

Window
DOOR 2 1.2 0.3 2.1 1.51 Cu.m.

WINDOW 4 1.5 0.3 0.9 1.62 Cu.m.
Total Brick masonry

Work
= 72.54+42.36-1.51-1.62 111.77 Cu.m.
ITEM NO.:- 5
step
Step: 1 1 1.2 0.6 0.25 0.18 Cu.m.
Step: 2 1 1.2 0.3 0.25 0.09 Cu.m.
Total 0.27 Cu.m.
ITEM NO.:- 6
D.P.C at plinth level
For 300mm thick wall 1 211.8 0.9 0.2 38.12 cum
Total 38.12 Cu.m
ITEM NO 7
Cu.m
TOTAL 24 Cu.m
ITEM NO 8
L=25.2
B=24.18
H=0.15

PROP. CONSTRUCTION WORK OF SOLID WASTE

AT, VASTRAL, TAL:-DASKROI DIST:- AHMEDABAD
ABSTRACT SHEET

2. P C.C 38.12 3000 Cu.m. 114360
3. Brickwork in 76.432 3200 Cu.m. 244582
foundation
4. Brickwork in 11.77 3500 Cu.m. 41195
superstructure
5 Earth filling 24 100 Cu.m 2400
6 RCC work 31.8 4900 Cu.m 155820
Total Rupees 5,93,805

Conti……..05.00% Rupees 29690
Total Amount Rupees 6,94,751
Say Rupees 695000

WATER REQUIREMENT CALCULATION

Water Requirements has been estimated as below for the proposed design of water tank.
 Household water requirement = 135 lpcd * Population
 = 135 * 8158
 = 11,01,330 liter per day
 Water requirement for fire safety = 5 % of 1,101,330
 = 55,067
 Water requirement for recreational use = 10 % of 1,101,330
 = 1,10,133
 Others (water losses) = 15 % of 1,101,330
 = 1,65,200
 Total water requirements = 14,31,730 liter per day
14,31,730 liters capacity requires a water tank of storing atleast 1.5 times more than the capacity.
The designed capacity of the water tank may be considered as 1.5 times of the requirement
capacity which is calculated as 21,47,595 litres rounded off to 21.5 Lakh liters per day.
Capacity of the designed tank is 2150 cubic meter. We propose to divide the village in five zones
and to design five water tanks of capacity 430 cubic meters each to serve and fulfill the water
requirements of whole village.
8.2 Recommendations of the Design
Sustainable design acts as a philosophy that is applied by different companies, governmental

entities, and non-governmental organizations to achieve a better future for the human race
through the wise and low-volume consumption of Earth‘s resources. Companies and
governments that have advanced design strategies have more potential to apply sustainable
design than others.
8.3 Suggestions / Benefit of the villagers
Villagers shall be highly benefitized with the scheme. The mentioned points summarized the
benefits availed by the villagers.
1. Social gathering and functions needs to be well organized in the villages.
2. Social gathering and roaming is also required. For that the parks and public gardens are been
proposed to be constructed.

8.4 Sustainable Design
The term ―sustainable design‖ has been used in multiple disciplines, including but not limited to
product design, architecture design, interior design, and graphic design. Sustainable design refers
to the design process that integrates an environmentally friendly approach and considers nature
resources as part of the design. Sharlyn Underwood, American Society of Interior Designers
(ASID) Virginia chapter president and interior designer with SmithLewis Architecture, defines
sustainable design in the architectural sector this way: ―Sustainable design is the practice of
designing buildings so that they exist in harmony with natural systems.‖
8.5 Physical design
Design of Bridge is proposed as depicted above.
8.6 Social design
Design of Solid Waste Management Chamber is proposed as depicted above.
8.7 Socio-Cultural design
Design of Public park & Garden is proposed as depicted above.
8.8 Smart Village Design
The key designs have been done to make the village smart.

CHAPTER
9
Future Development of the Village
 In Our Village Chital, Amreli we make gap analysis of all Facilities. Based on study of
gap analysis we design various government building in Village
 We give Design in this semester is below
 Designing of Bus Stand.

 Design of Community Hall
 Designing of Public Garden and Park
 Design of the Bridge for accessibility and connection.
 Design of Solid Waste Management Chamber
 Design of Solar water pumping station
 We give Design in next semester is below
 Public Toilet Block

 Post office
 Public Library
 Anganwadi center
 Government Grocery Shop
 Rain Water Harvesting on community hall
 Over headed tank
 Maintenance of School building
 Bus station

CHAPTER
Conclusion (Entire Village

Project)
10
Rurbanisation is to bring peace of mind to the villagers by providing them the basic amenities
required and still keeping the village soul intact. This project gives one new idea for
Development of rural villages. Also gives procedure how they fulfil requirement of the villages.
Now a day people are moving from rural to urban area due to lack of basic amenities. So this
help to provide better solution for the available problems in rural area like drinking water,
Drainage facility road network, etc.
The following points can be summarized as the outcome of the study:
1. Socio Economic Survey has been done for the study area in detail. All the types of the needs,
facilities has been studied in detail. Gap analysis have been done and interviews of the local
peoples has been done in detail.
2. The existing structures and infrastructures have been studied and reviewed in detail.
Suggestions have been proposed for the repair and renovation of existing structures and design
proposals for its development.
3. The preliminary survey and socio-economic study shows that the village has insufficient
infrastructure requirement. If the planning and proposals will be proposed based on the
requirement of the people the life of the people can be made prosperous.

CHAPTER
11
REFERENCES
 Urban development plans formulation and implementation guidance 2014 Vishwakarma

Yojana portal
 Ministry of housing and urban affairs, government of India : https://www.mohua.gov.in
 International journal of advance research in engineering & Management (IJAREM), vol.
1(Nov 2015)
 Repair and rehabilitation of concrete structure-2016, by Poonam Modi
 Estimation and costing reference book by B.N. Dutta
 https://www.rural.nic.in
 https://www.census2011.co.in
 https://www.surveyofindia.gov.in
 https://www.swachhbharat.mygov.in
 https://www.heritage.ahmedabad.gov.in
 https://www.smartvillage.biz
 https://cpwd.go.in
 https://www.gmc.com
 https://www.guda.gujarat.gov.in

CHAPTER
12
Annexure
12.1 Scanned copy (for Part-I), Original (for–Part-II) Ideal Village Survey Form
12.2 Scanned copy (for Part-I), Original (for–Part-II) Smart Village (Gujarati)
Survey details
12.3 Scanned copy (for Part-I), Original (for–Part-II) <Allocated Village> Techno-
Economic Survey Form.
12.4 Gap Analysis
12.7 Summary of Good Photographs in Table Format (village visits, Ideal, Smart
Village or any other)
12.9 Sarpanch Letter (village design proposal shown to the Sarpanch interaction
report)
12.10 TDO-DDO-Collector sending email of the Soft copy of the report(Finally in
Part-II)

All the copies mentioned below shall be attached with the Spiral hard bound
which be submitted.
12.1 Scanned copy (for Part-I), Original (for–Part-II) Ideal Village Survey Form
12.2 Scanned copy (for Part-I), Original (for–Part-II) Smart Village (Gujarati) Survey details
12.3 Scanned copy (for Part-I), Original (for–Part-II) <Allocated Village> Techno-Economic
Survey Form.
12.4 Gap Analysis
12.7 Summary of Good Photographs in Table Format (village visits, Ideal, Smart Village or any
other)
12.9 Sarpanch Letter (village design proposal shown to the Sarpanch interaction report)
12.10 TDO-DDO-Collector sending email of the Soft copy of the report(Finally in Part-II)

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DETAIL PROJECT REPORT

VISHWAKARMA YOJNA: VII

NAME BRANCH NAME ENROLLMENT NO

DETAIL PROJECT REPORT

VISHWAKARMA YOJNA: VII

NAME BRANCH NAME ENROLLMENT NO

HARDIK VYAS CIVIL ENGINEERING 160280106121

KEVIN H. VYAS CIVIL ENGINEERING 160280106115

Nodal Officer Name:

Detail Project Report for

Chital Village, Amreli District

Vishwakarma Yojana: Phase-VII

NAME BRANCH NAME ENROLLMENT NO

Date of Report Submission: 31st Dec. 2019

VY-Nodal Officer Name and Signature: Prof. Utkarsh P. Nigam

Internal(Evaluator) Guide Name and

College name: L. D. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, AHMEDABAD

We also express our gratitude to Prof.(Dr.) S.D.Panchal, Registrar, Gujarat

We express our sincere thanks to Commissionerate of Technical Education, Gujarat

Gujarat Technological University Page 1

3.3 Technological Options 39

Gujarat Technological University Page 2

4.3. Data Collection <Chital> (Photograph/Graphs/Charts/Table) 65

Gujarat Technological University Page 3

4.4.14 Renewable energy source planning particularly for villages 75

6.2.5 Shallow wells with lined walls and covers 92

Gujarat Technological University Page 5

Gujarat Technological University Page 6

Gujarat Technological University Page 7

FIGURE FIGURES LISTING PAGE NO

Gujarat Technological University Page 8

38 Fig.38 Check Dam 72

Gujarat Technological University Page 9

1.1 Background & Study Area Location

Countries Perspective and its Development

1.1 Background & Study Area Location

1.2 Concept: Ideal Village, Normal Village

Gujarat Technological University Page 11

Sufficient sources of potable water

Proper sanitation and drainage facilities

Gujarat Technological University Page 12

Pasture land for cattle

Food and fodder

Wholesale market within the village

Healthcare Centres and hospitals

Gujarat Technological University Page 13

1.2.2 Example / Live Case studies of ideal village of India/Gujarat

Village of Millionaires. Hiware Bazar, Maharashtra. ...

1.2.3 The Idea of a model/Smart Village

Gujarat Technological University Page 15

Fig 1: Foreign Minister Visited Ideal Village Punsari (Date: 01/10/2018

FIG 2: VILLAGE MAP OF PUNSARI (GUJARAT)

An ideal village means:-

Gujarat Technological University Page 17

FIG.5: Primary School PUNSARI FIG.6: BIRD HOUSE PUNSARI

Gujarat Technological University Page 18

FIG.7: GOVT. PRIMARY SCHOOL FIG.8: DIGITAL IT SECTION

FIG.9: POST OFFICE, PUNSARI FIG.10: AUTOMATED FLOOR WHEEL

Gujarat Technological University Page 19

FIG.11: OLD WATER TANK, PUNSARI FIG.12: CLINICAL FACILITY (PRIVATE)

FIG.13: AANGANBADI AREA, PUNSARI FIG.14: PUNSARI BUS STAND

Gujarat Technological University Page 20

1.4 SWOT analysis of Ideal village / Smart Village