1. Four main ideas of the particulate theory of matter.

a. All matter is made up of tiny particles.

b. The particles of matter are always moving.
c. The particles have spaces between them.
d. Adding heat to matter makes the particles move fast

2. Scientists find the particle model useful for two reasons. First, it provides a
reasonable explanation for the behaviour of matter. Second, it presents a very
important idea—the particles of matter are always moving. Matter that seems
perfectly motionless is not motionless at all. The air you breathe, your books, your
desk, and even your body all consist of particles that are in constant motion. Thus,
the particle model can be used to explain the properties of
solids, liquids, and gases. It can also be used to explain what happens in changes of
state.

3. Osmosis has a number of life-preserving functions. Osmosis is a simple natural

process that occurs all around and inside us, and it’s one of the most vital processes
for our survival. Everything tends to reach equilibrium and to reach at equilibrium
the most crucial role is played by the water. Even each cell of our body, plants, and
animals around us are surviving due to osmosis. Osmosis functions as a Life-
Preserver. From helping out cells to survive to the desalination of seawater, the
process involved is osmosis. 

Examples:
Crucial In Plant’s Survival
When we water plants, we usually water the stem end and soil in which they are growing.
Hence, the roots of the plants absorb water and from the roots water travel to different
parts of plants; be it leaves, fruits or flowers. Every root acts as a semipermeable barrier,
which allows water molecules to transfer from high concentration (soil) to low
concentration (roots). Roots have hair, which increases surface area and hence the water
intake by the plants.
Helps in Regulating Our Cell’s Life

We drink water, but also our cells absorb it by osmosis in the same way that plant roots
do. As the concentration of waste products in a cell rises, the osmotic pressure between
the inside and outside of the cell wall, which is a semipermeable membrane, increases, and
the cell absorbs water from the blood, which is a more dilute solution that of the cell’s
cytoplasm. Even the primary nutrients and minerals get transferred through osmosis into
the cells. Also, our intestine absorbs nutrients and minerals through osmosis.

Osmosis May kill Slugs or Snails

You must have heard about the killing of slugs or snails by putting salt on it. Well, It’s
nothing but the process of osmosis which kills them. The liquid inside them comes out and
try to dilute the salt concentration and maintain the mucus layer, and hence, they end up
shedding water. Too much salt and slugs or snails will dry up and die!