Applied Mechanics-II

ASSIGNMENT NO 2

Submitted by: Fatima Hanan (200801027)

Submitted to: Dr. Muhammad Umer
Dated: 03-11-2022
Problem 12.2:
𝑚
A train starts from rest at a station and travels with a constant acceleration of 1 .
𝑠2
Determine the velocity of the train when 𝑡 = 30 𝑠 and the distance traveled during
this time.

Solution:
Given data:
1𝑚
Constant Acceleration 𝑎𝑐 = 𝑠 2
𝑚
Initial Velocity 𝑣0 = 0 𝑠

Initial Distance 𝑠0 = 0 𝑚
Time 𝑡 = 30 𝑠
To Find:
Velocity of the train and Distance travelled.
Calculation:
We know that
𝑽 = 𝒗𝟎 + 𝒂𝒄 𝒕
𝑚
𝑉 = 0 + ((1) ) (30𝑠)
𝑠2
𝑽 = 𝟑𝟎 𝒎/𝒔
We also know that
𝟏
𝒔 = 𝒔𝟎 + 𝒗𝟎 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒄 𝒕 𝟐
𝟐
1
𝑠 = 0 + 0(30 𝑠) + (1𝑚/𝑠 2 )(30 𝑠)2
2
1
𝑠= . 900 𝑚
2
𝒔 = 𝟒𝟓𝟎 𝒎
Exercise 12.10:

𝐶𝑎𝑟 𝐴 starts from rest at 𝑡 = 0 and travels along a straight road with a constant
𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑡
acceleration of 6 until it reaches a speed of 80 . Afterwards it maintains this
𝑠2 𝑠
speed. Also, when 𝑡 = 0, 𝐶𝑎𝑟 𝐵 located 6000 𝑓𝑡 down the road is traveling towards 𝐴
𝑓𝑡
at a constant speed of 60 . Determine the distance traveled by 𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝐴 when they pass
𝑠
each other.

Solution:
Given data:
Initial Velocity of 𝐶𝑎𝑟 𝐴 is 𝑣0 = 0
𝑓𝑡
𝐶𝑎𝑟 𝐴 is travelling with constant acceleration 𝑎𝐴 = 6 𝑠 2
𝑓𝑡
Final Velocity of 𝐶𝑎𝑟 𝐴 is 𝑣𝑎 = 80 𝑠
𝑓𝑡
The Velocity of 𝐶𝑎𝑟 𝐵 is 𝑣𝑏 = 60
𝑠

Total Distance between 𝐶𝑎𝑟 𝐴 and 𝐶𝑎𝑟 𝐵 𝑠 = 6000 𝑓𝑡

To Find:
𝑓𝑡
Time the 𝐶𝑎𝑟 𝐴 takes to reach velocity of 𝑣𝑎 = 80 𝑠 , (𝑡 = ? )

The Distance 𝐶𝑎𝑟 𝐴 travels (𝑠 = ? ).

Calculations:
𝑓𝑡
The time for Car A to reach is velocity of 𝑣𝑎 = 80 :
𝑠

𝒗𝒂 = 𝒗𝟎 + 𝒂𝑨 𝒕𝟏
80 = 0 + 6 𝑡1
80
= 𝑡1
6
𝟒𝟎
𝒕𝟏 = ≈ 𝟏𝟑.𝟑𝟑 𝒔
𝟑
Now, the distance travelled by Car A is:

𝒗𝟐 = 𝒗𝟐𝟎 + 𝟐 𝒂𝒄 ( 𝒔 − 𝒔𝟎 )
802 = 0 + 2 (6) ( 𝑠1 − 0)
6400
= 𝑠1
12
𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎
𝒔𝟏 = ≈ 𝟓𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 𝒇𝒕
𝟑
𝑓𝑡
Car A travels with the constant velocity of 𝑣 = 80 and the distance traveled in
𝑠

𝒕 = 𝒕𝟏 + 𝒕𝟐
𝑡 = 13.33 + 𝑡2
𝑡2 = 𝑡 − 13.33
Now,
𝒔𝟐 = 𝒗𝒕𝟐

𝒔𝟐 = 𝟖𝟎(𝒕 − 𝟏𝟑. 𝟑𝟑) 1

𝑓𝑡
Car B travels in opposite direction with constant velocity of 𝑣𝑏 = 60 𝑠
and the distance travelled in
𝑡 is:
𝒔𝟑 = 𝒗𝒕

𝒔𝟑 = 𝟔𝟎𝒕 2
Then total distance travelled is given as:
𝒔 = 𝒔𝟏 + 𝒔𝟐 + 𝒔𝟑 ∴ 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝟏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝟐
6000 = 533.33 + 80(𝑡 − 13.33) + 60𝑡
6000 − 533.33 = 80𝑡 − 80(13.33) + 60𝑡
5466.6 = 140 𝑡 − 1066.4
1066.4 + 5466.6 = 140𝑡
6533 = 140𝑡
𝟔𝟓𝟑𝟑
𝒕= ≈ 𝟒𝟔. 𝟔𝟔 𝒔
𝟏𝟒𝟎
The distance travelled by 𝐶𝑎𝑟 𝐴 When 𝐶𝑎𝑟 𝐴 and 𝐶𝑎𝑟 𝐵 both pass each other is:
 𝒔𝒂 = 𝒔𝟏 + 𝒔𝟐
𝑠𝑎 = 533.33 + 80(46.66 − 13.33)
𝑠𝑎 = 533.33 + 3732.8 − 1066.4
𝒔𝒂 = 𝟑𝟏𝟗𝟗. 𝟕𝟑 ≈ 𝟑𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒇𝒕

Exercise 12.13:

A particle travels along a straight line such that in 2 𝑠 it moves from an initial
position 𝑠𝐴 = +0.5 𝑚 to a position 𝑠𝑏 = −1.5 𝑚. Then in another 4 𝑠 it moves
from 𝑠𝐵 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑐 = +2.5 𝑚. Determine the particles average velocity and average
speed during the 6 s time interval.

Solution:

Given Data:
𝑠𝐴 = +0.5 𝑚

𝑠𝑏 = −1.5 𝑚

𝑠𝑐 = +2.5 𝑚
𝑡=6𝑠

To Find:
𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑔 = ?

(𝑉𝑆𝑃 )𝑎𝑣𝑔 = ?

Calculations:
Total Speed is given as
𝑺𝑻 = 𝟎. 𝟓 + 𝟏. 𝟓 + 𝟏. 𝟓 + 𝟐. 𝟓 = 𝟔𝒎
We know that
∆ 𝑺 = 𝑺𝒇 − 𝑺𝒊

Here 𝑆𝑓 is 𝑠𝑐 and 𝑆𝑖 is 𝑠𝑎
Figure 1: Distance travelled by the
⇒ ∆ 𝑆 = 𝑠𝑐 − 𝑠𝑎 particle in 6 seconds.

⇒ ∆ 𝑆 = 2.5 − 0.5
⇒ ∆𝑺= 𝟐𝒎
Now the total time is given as 𝑡 = 6 𝑠
∆𝑺
𝑽𝒂𝒗𝒈 =
𝒕
𝟐 𝟏 𝒎
𝑽𝒂𝒗𝒈 = = ≈ 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝟑
𝟔 𝟑 𝒔
Now, Average speed is given as:
𝑆𝑇
(𝑉𝑆𝑃 )𝑎𝑣𝑔 =
𝑡

𝟔 𝒎
(𝑽𝑺𝑷 )𝒂𝒗𝒈 = =𝟏
𝟔 𝒔

Problem 12.26:
𝑚
The acceleration of a particle travelling along a straight line is 𝑎 = (0.02𝑒 𝑡 ) ,
𝑠2
where 𝑡 is in seconds. If 𝑣 = 0, 𝑠 = 0 and 𝑡 = 0, determine the velocity and
acceleration of the particle at 𝑠 = 4 𝑚.

Solution:
Given Data:
𝑚
Acceleration of a particle 𝑎 = (0.02𝑒 𝑡 ) 𝑠 2

To Find:
The Velocity and Acceleration of the particle when 𝑠 = 4 𝑚, where 𝑣 = 0, 𝑠 = 0 and 𝑡 = 0.
Calculations:
We know that for Velocity:
𝒅𝒗 = 𝒂 𝒅𝒕
𝑣 𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 0.02𝑒 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
0 0

𝑣 |𝑣0 = 0.02𝑒 𝑡 |𝑡0

𝒎
𝒗 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐(𝒆𝒕 − 𝟏) 1
𝒔

We also know that for Position:

𝒅𝒔 = 𝒗 𝒅𝒕
 𝑠 𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫ 0.02(𝑒 𝑡 − 1) 𝑑𝑡
0 0

𝑠 |0𝑠 = 0.02(𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑡)|𝑡0

𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐(𝒆𝒕 − 𝒕 − 𝟏)𝒎 2
When 𝑠 = 4 𝑚:
4 = 0.02(𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑡 − 1)
4
= (𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑡 − 1)
0.02
200 = (𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑡 − 1)
(𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑡 − 1 − 200) = 0

𝑒𝑡 − 𝑡 − 201 = 0

𝑒𝑡 − ln(𝑒𝑡 ) − 201 = 0

𝑒𝑡 − ln. (𝑒𝑡 ) = 201

𝑒𝑡 (1 − ln(1)) = 201
Taking ln on both sides we get,
ln(𝑒 𝑡 ) = ln(201) ∴ ln(1) = 0
t = 5.3 s
Thus the velocity when 𝑠 = 4 𝑚 and 𝑡 = 5.3 𝑠:
𝑣 = 0.02(𝑒 5.3 − 1)
𝒎
𝒗 = 𝟑. 𝟗𝟔𝟕 ≈ 𝟒
𝒔
Thus the acceleration when 𝑠 = 4 𝑚 and 𝑡 = 5.3 𝑠:
𝑎 = 0.02(𝑒 5.3 )
𝒎
𝒂 = 𝟒. 𝟎𝟏
𝒔𝟐
Problem 12.45:
𝜋
If the position of the particle is defined by 𝑠 = [2 sin 𝑡 + 4] 𝑚, where t is in
5
seconds. Construct the 𝑠 − 𝑡, 𝑣 − 𝑡, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 − 𝑡 graphs for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 10 𝑠.

Solution:
Graphical Representation:
𝒔 − 𝒕 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒑𝒉:
𝝅
We know that 𝒔 = [𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟓 𝒕 + 𝟒]

Figure 2: 𝑠 − 𝑡 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ

𝒗 − 𝒕 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒑𝒉:
𝑑𝑠 𝜋 𝒅𝒔 𝟐𝝅 𝝅
We know that 𝑉 (𝑠) = , 𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑠 = [2 sin 5 𝑡 + 4] , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝒗 = = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟓 𝒕
𝑑𝑡 𝒅𝒕 𝟓

Figure 3: 𝑣 − 𝑡 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ
 𝒂 − 𝒕 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒑𝒉:
𝑑𝑣 2𝜋 𝜋 𝒅𝒗 𝝅𝟐 𝝅
We know that 𝑎 = , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣 = cos 5 𝑡, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝒂 = = − 𝟐𝟓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟓 𝒕
𝑠𝑡 5 𝒔𝒕

Figure 4: 𝑎 − 𝑡 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ

Problem 12.96:
𝑓𝑡
The baseball player 𝐴 hits the baseball with 𝑣𝑎 = 40 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜃𝑎 = 600 . When the
𝑠
ball is directly above the player 𝐵 he begins to run under it. Determine the constant
speed 𝑣𝑏 and the distance 𝑑 at which 𝐵 must run in order to make the catch at the
same elevation at which the ball was hit.
Solution:
Vertical Motion:
The vertical component of initial velocity for the baseball is
𝑓𝑡
(𝑣0 )𝑦 = 40 sin 600 = 34.64 . The initial and final vertical
𝑠
positions are (𝑠0 )𝑦 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑠𝑖 )𝑦 = 0.
𝟏
We know that 𝒔 = 𝒗𝒊 𝒕 + 𝟐 𝒂𝒕𝟐

1
⇒ (𝑠𝑖 )𝑦 − (𝑠0 )𝑦 = (𝑣0 )𝑦 𝑡 + (𝑎𝑐 )𝑦 𝑡 2
Figure 5: Rectangular Coordinates 2
of 𝑣𝑎
𝑓𝑡 1 𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑡
⇒ 0 − 0 = 34.64𝑡 + 2 (32.2𝑡 2 ) 𝑠 2 ∴ (𝑎𝑐 )𝑦 = 32.2 𝑠 2
𝑠

𝑓𝑡 1 𝑓𝑡
⇒ 0 = 𝑡( 34.64 + (32.2𝑡) 2 )
𝑠 2 𝑠
𝑓𝑡 1 𝑓𝑡
⇒ 0 = 34.64 + (32.2𝑡) 2
𝑠 2 𝑠
𝑓𝑡 1 𝑓𝑡
⇒ −34.64 = (32.2𝑡) 2
𝑠 2 𝑠
⇒ 69.28 𝑠 = 32.2 𝑡
⇒ 𝒕 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟓𝟏𝟓 𝒔
Horizontal Motion:
𝑓𝑡
The horizontal component of initial velocity for the baseball is (𝑣0 )𝑥 = 40 cos 600 = 20 . The
𝑠
initial and final horizontal positions are (𝑠0 )𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑠𝑖 )𝑥 = 𝐾. We know that
𝟏
𝒔 = 𝒗𝒊 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒕𝟐
𝟐
1
⇒ (𝑠𝑖 )𝑥 − (𝑠0 )𝑥 = (𝑣0 )𝑥 𝑡 + (𝑎𝑐 )𝑥 𝑡 2
2
𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑡
⇒ 𝐾 − 0 = 20 (2.1515𝑠) + 0 𝑠 2 ∴ (𝑎𝑐 )𝑥 = 0 𝑠 2
𝑠

⇒ 𝑲 = 𝟒𝟑. 𝟎𝟑 𝒇𝒕
Now,
𝐾 = 𝑑 + 15
⇒ 𝑑 = 𝐾 − 15
⇒ 𝑑 = 43.03 𝑓𝑡 − 15𝑓𝑡
⇒ 𝒅 = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟎𝟑 𝒇𝒕
Player B will run at a same speed as the horizontal component of velocity of the baseball in order
to catch it.
𝒇𝒕
(𝒗𝟎 )𝒙 = 𝟒𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟔𝟎𝟎 = 𝟐𝟎 .
𝒔

Problem 12.102:

A golf ball is struck with a velocity of 80 𝑓𝑡/𝑠 as shown. Determine the distance d

to where it will land.

Solution:
Horizontal Component:
𝒇𝒕
The Horizontal component of velocity for the golf ball is (𝒗𝟎 )𝒙 = 𝟖𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟓𝟓𝟎 = 𝟒𝟓. 𝟖𝟖 .
𝒔

The initial and final velocity positions are:

(𝑠0 )𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑠𝑖 )𝑥 = 𝑑 cos 𝜃

When 𝜃 = 100 , then

(𝑠0 )𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑠𝑖 )𝑥 = 𝑑 cos 100
We know that
𝟏
𝒔 = 𝒗𝒊 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒕𝟐
𝟐
1
⇒ (𝑠𝑖 )𝑥 − (𝑠0 )𝑥 = (𝑣0 )𝑥 𝑡 + (𝑎𝑐 )𝑥 𝑡 2
2
Here (𝑎𝑐 )𝑥 = 0, then
⇒ (𝑠𝑖 )𝑥 = (𝑠0 )𝑥 + (𝑣0 )𝑥 𝑡
𝑓𝑡
⇒ 𝑑 cos 100 = 0 + 45.88𝑡
𝑠
𝒇𝒕
⇒ 𝒅 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟒𝟓. 𝟖𝟖𝒕 1
𝒔
Vertical Component:
𝒇𝒕
The Vertical component of velocity for the golf ball is (𝒗𝟎 )𝒚 = 𝟖𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟓𝟓𝟎 = 𝟔𝟓. 𝟓𝟑 .
𝒔

The initial and final velocity positions are:

(𝑠0 )𝑦 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑠𝑖 )𝑦 = 𝑑 sin 𝜃

When 𝜃 = 100 , then

(𝑠0 )𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑠𝑖 )𝑥 = 𝑑 sin 100
We know that
𝟏
𝒔 = 𝒗𝒊 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒕𝟐
𝟐
1
⇒ (𝑠𝑖 )𝑦 − (𝑠0 )𝑦 = (𝑣0 )𝑦 𝑡 + (𝑎𝑐 )𝑦 𝑡 2
2
1
⇒ (𝑠𝑖 )𝑦 = (𝑠0 )𝑦 + (𝑣0 )𝑦 𝑡 + (𝑎𝑐 )𝑦 𝑡 2
2
𝑓𝑡 1 𝑓𝑡
⇒ 𝑑 sin 100 = 0 + 65.53𝑡 − 32.2 𝑡 2 2
𝑠 2 𝑠
𝒇𝒕 𝒇𝒕
⇒ 𝒅 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟔𝟓. 𝟓𝟑𝒕 − 𝟏𝟔. 𝟏𝒕𝟐 𝒔𝟐 2
𝒔

Solving equations 1 and 2, we get:

𝑓𝑡 2 𝑓𝑡
𝑑 sin 100 65.53𝑡 𝑠 − 16.1𝑡 𝑠 2
⇒ =
𝑑 cos 100 𝑓𝑡
45.88𝑡 𝑠

𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑡
𝑡(65.53 𝑠 − 16.1𝑡 2 )
⇒ tan 10 =0 𝑠
𝑓𝑡
45.88𝑡 𝑠

𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑡
65.53 𝑠 − 16.1𝑡 2
⇒ tan 100 = 𝑠
𝑓𝑡
45.88 𝑠

𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑡
⇒ 45.88 tan 100 = 65.53 − 16.1𝑡 2
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠
𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑡
⇒ 45.88 tan 100 − 65.53 = −16.1𝑡 2
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠
𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑡
⇒ − 45.88 tan 100 + 65.53 = 16.1𝑡 2
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠
 ⇒ 57.44 𝑠 = 16.1𝑡
57.44𝑠
⇒ =𝑡
16.1
⇒ 𝒕 = 𝟑. 𝟓𝟕𝒔
Now, equation 1 becomes
𝑓𝑡
⇒ 𝑑 cos 100 = 45.88 (3.57 𝑠)
𝑠
⇒ 𝑑 cos 100 = 163.79 𝑓𝑡
163.79 𝑓𝑡
⇒ 𝑑=
cos 100
⇒ 𝒅 = 𝟏𝟔𝟔. 𝟑 𝒇𝒕

Problem 12.121:

The train passes point 𝐵 with a speed of 20 𝑚/𝑠 which is decreasing at 𝑎𝑡 =

− 0.5 𝑚/𝑠 2 . Determine the magnitude of acceleration of the train at this point.

Solution:
Radius of Curvature:
𝒙
𝒚 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒆𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
Differentiating, we get:
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑥
= 200 ( ) 𝑒 1000
𝑑𝑥 1000
𝑑𝑦 𝑥
= 0.2 𝑒 1000
𝑑𝑥
Again differentiating, we get:
𝑑2𝑦 1 𝑥
= 0.2 ( ) 𝑒 1000
𝑑𝑥 2 1000
 𝑑2𝑦 𝑥
−3 1000
= 0.2(10 )𝑒
𝑑𝑥 2
We know that
3
2 2 3
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 2 2
[1 + ( ) ] [1 + (0.2 𝑒 1000 ) ]
𝑑𝑥 |
𝜌= = 𝑥
𝑑2𝑦 |0.2 (10−3 )𝑒 1000 | |
| 2|
𝑑𝑥
𝑥=400𝑚

𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟗𝟖𝟑𝟔𝟒
𝝆= ≈ 𝟑𝟖𝟎𝟖. 𝟗𝟕𝟔 𝒎
𝟏. 𝟏𝟑𝟔𝟒𝟔𝟏𝟓𝟗𝟐𝟏𝟏
Acceleration:
As given in the question
𝑎𝑡 = − 0.5 𝑚/𝑠2
We know that
𝑣2 202 𝑚 𝑚
𝑎𝑛 = = 2
≈ 0.1050 2
𝜌 3808.976 𝑠 𝑠
The magnitude of the train’s acceleration at B is:
𝒎
𝒂 = √𝒂𝒕 𝟐 + 𝒂𝒏 𝟐 = √(−𝟎. 𝟓)𝟐 + (𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟓𝟎)𝟐 ≈ 𝟎. 𝟓𝟏𝟎𝟗
𝒔𝟐

Problem 12.127:

Determine the magnitude of acceleration of the airplane during the turn. It flies along
the horizontal circular path 𝐴𝐵 in 40 𝑠, while maintaining a constant speed of
300 𝑓𝑡/𝑠.
Solution:
We know that
2𝜙 + 600 = 1800
𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎 − 𝟔𝟎𝟎
⇒ 𝝓= ≈ 𝟔𝟎𝟎
𝟐
Thus,
𝜽 𝝅
= 𝟗𝟎𝟎 − 𝟔𝟎𝟎 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎 ≈ 𝒓𝒂𝒅
Figure 6:Geometry 𝟐 𝟑
We know that
𝑺𝑨𝑩 = 𝒗𝒕
𝑺𝑨𝑩 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎(𝟒𝟎) = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒇𝒕
Thus,
𝑺𝑨𝑩 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝝆= = 𝝅 = 𝒇𝒕
𝜽 𝝅
𝟑
𝒗𝟐 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟐 𝒇𝒕
𝒂𝒏 = = = 𝟕. 𝟖𝟓𝟒 𝟐
𝝆 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒔
𝝅
The airplane travels along the circular path with a constant speed, 𝑎𝑡 = 0.
The magnitude of airplane’s acceleration is:
𝒇𝒕
𝒂 = √𝒂𝒏 𝟐 + 𝒂𝒕 𝟐 = √𝟕. 𝟖𝟓𝟒𝟐 = 𝟕. 𝟖𝟗𝟓𝟒
𝒔𝟐
Problem 12.136:

The position of a particle is defined by 𝑟 = {2 sin 𝜋4 𝑡 𝒊 + 2 cos 𝜋4 𝑡 𝒋 + 3 𝑡𝒌 } 𝑚, where

𝑡 is in seconds. Determine the magnitudes of the velocity and acceleration at any
instant.

Solution:
Velocity:
𝜋 𝜋
𝑟 = {2 sin 4 𝑡 𝒊 + 2 cos 4 𝑡 𝒋 + 3 𝑡𝒌 } 𝑚
𝒅𝒓
𝒗=
𝒅𝒕
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝑚
𝑣 = {−2. cos 𝑡 𝒊 + 2. . sin 𝑡 𝒋 + 3 𝒌 }
4 4 4 4 𝑠
𝑑𝑟 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝑚
𝑣= = {− cos 𝑡 𝒊 + . sin 𝑡 𝒋 + 3 𝒌 }
𝑑𝑡 2 4 2 4 𝑠

𝜋 𝜋 2 𝜋 𝜋 2 𝜋2 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋2
|𝑣| = √( cos 𝑡) + ( sin 𝑡) + (3)2 = √ ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ) + 9 = √ + 9
2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4
𝝅 𝒎
𝒗= + 𝟑 = 𝟑. 𝟑𝟗
𝟐 𝒔
Acceleration:
We know that
𝒅𝒗
𝒂=
𝒅𝒕
𝜋2 𝜋 𝜋2 𝜋 𝑚
𝑎 = [− sin 𝑡 𝒊 − . cos 𝑡 𝒋] 2
8 4 8 4 𝑠

2 2
𝜋2 𝜋 𝜋2 𝜋
|𝑎| = √(− sin 𝑡) + (− . cos 𝑡 )
8 4 8 4

𝝅𝟐 𝒎 𝟏. 𝟐𝟑𝒎
𝒂= ≈
𝟖 𝒔𝟐 𝒔𝟐