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تلخيص قواعد لغة سنة خامسة
تلخيص قواعد لغة سنة خامسة
ﺑﺎﻟﺟﺭ:
ِّ ّﺏ
/4ﺍﻟ ُﻣﺭﻛﺏ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓ ِﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟ ُﻣﺭﻛ ُ
ﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﻣﺎﻥ ُﻣﺭ ّﻛﺑًﺎ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻳNﺎ. ﺿﺎﻑ ﺍﺳﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺳﻡ ﺁﺧﺭ ﻳُ َﻭﺿﺣﻪ ﻭﻳُ ّ ُ ﻳُ
ﺑﺎﻟﺟﺭ ﺟﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺟﺭﻭﺭ ِّ ّﺏ
ُﻣﺭﻛ ُ ﺏ. ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﻓﺭ َﺡ ﺍﻟﻁﻔ ُﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺣﺎﺳﻭ ِ
ﺑﺎﻟﺟﺭ ﺟﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺟﺭﻭﺭ ِّ ّﺏ
ُﻣﺭﻛ ُ ﺍﻟﻔﺄﺱ ﻣﻥ ﻳ ِﺩ ِﻩ. َ ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﺃﻟﻘﻰ ﺳﺎﻟ ٌﻡ
ﻣﺿﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻳ ِﻪ
ٌ ﻣﺿﺎﻑ ﻭ ٌ ُﻣﺭﻛﺏ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓ ِﺔ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺟﻳﺎﺩ. َ ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﺍﻣﺗﻁﻰ ﺍﻟﻔُﺭﺳﺎﻥُ
ﻣﺿﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻳ ِﻪ
ٌ ﻣﺿﺎﻑ ﻭ ٌ ُﻣﺭﻛﺏ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓ ِﺔ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺗ ّ ِ
ﻠﻔﺎﺯ. َ ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﺃﻁﻔﺄﺕُ
ﺃﺷﻛﺎﻝ ﺃﺧﺭﻯ ﻟﻠﻣﺭﻛّﺏ
ُﻣﺭﻛﺏ َﺑﺩﻟﻲ ُ ﻣ ْﺑﺩَﻝ ِﻣﻧﻪ ﻭ َﺑ َﺩ ْﻝ ﺳﺎﻟﻡ.
ٍ ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﻗﺻﺩﺕُ ﺿﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌ ِ ّﻡ
ﺍﻟ ُﻣﺭﻛﺏ ﺍﻟﻧّﻌﺗﻲ َ ﻣﻧﻌﻭﺕٌ ﻭ َﻧﻌﺕٌ ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﻳﺗﺄﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻼ ُﺡ ﺍﻟﺳﻧﺎﺑ َﻝ ﺍﻟﺫﻫﺑﻳﺔَ.
ﺍﻟ ُﻣﺭﻛﺏ ﺍﻟﻧّﻌﺗﻲ َ ﻣﻧﻌﻭﺕٌ ﻭ َﻧﻌﺕٌ ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﻗﻁﻑ ﺍﻟﻌُ ّﻣﺎ ُﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﺗﻘﺎ َﻝ ﺍﻟﻧّﺎﺿ َﺞ.
ﺍﻟ ُﻣﺭﻛﺏ ﺍﻟﻧّﻌﺗﻲ َ ﻣﻧﻌﻭﺕٌ ﻭ َﻧﻌﺕٌ ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﻗﺩّﻡ ﺍﻷﻁﻔﺎﻝ ﻫﺩﻳّﺔ ً ُﻣﻣﻳﺯﺓ ً ِﻷﻣﻬﻡ.
ﻭﻣﻌﻁﻭﻑ
ٌ ﻣﻌﻁﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻳ ِﻪ ٌ ﺍﻟ ُﻣﺭﻛﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻁﻔﻲ ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﺟﺎﺏ ﺃﺣﻣ ُﺩ ﻭ ُﻣﺭﺍ ُﺩ ﺍﻟﺷّﻭﺍﺭﻉَ.
ﻭﻣﻌﻁﻭﻑ
ٌ ﻣﻌﻁﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻳ ِﻪ ٌ ﺍﻟ ُﻣﺭﻛﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻁﻔﻲ ﻣﻼﺑﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺩِ.
َ ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﺍﺭﺗﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﻭﻻ ُﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻧﺎﺕُ
/5ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻣﻭﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ /ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺿﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻓﻭﻉ /ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺿﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺯﻭﻡ ﺏ َﻟ ْﻡ /
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺿﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺻﻭﺏ ﺏ َﻟ ْﻥ /ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﺭ :
-ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻣﻭﺯ ﻫﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺩ ﺣﺭﻭﻓﻪ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻳ ِﺔ ﻫﻣﺯﺓً.
ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻣﻭﺯ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ :
ﺳﺄ َ َﻝ (..ﻭ ﻣﻬﻣﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ ) َﺑ َﺩﺃ(..
َ ّ ﻣﻬﻣﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﻔﺎء )ﺃ َ ِﺫﻥَ (..ﻭ ﻣﻬﻣﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﻥ ) َ
ﻣﻼﺣﻅﺔ :
ُﺣﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺟﺯﻡ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ َ :ﻟ ْﻡ َ -ﻟ ﱠﻣﺎ -ﻻ َ ﺍﻟﻧﱠﺎ ِﻫﻳَﺔُ -ﻻَ ُﻡ ﺍﻷ َ ْﻣ ِﺭ.
ُﺣﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻧﺻﺏ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ :ﺃ َ ْﻥ َ -ﻟ ْﻥ -ﺇِﺫً َ -ﻛ ْﻲ.
ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﻣﻬﻣﻭﺯ ّ
ﺍﻟﻼﻡ :
ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﻓﻌﻝ » َﺑ َﺩﺃ َ « :
ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﺍﻟ ُﻣﻌﺗ ﱡﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﺍﻟ ُﻣﻌﺗ ﱡﻝ ﺻﺣﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﺍﻟ ُﻣﻌﺗ ﱡﻝ
ﺻﺣﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﺍﻟ ﱠ
ﺻﺣﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﺍﻟ ﱠ
ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﺍﻟ ﱠ
ﺍﻟﻧّ ُ
ﺎﻗﺹ ﻑ ﺍﻷ َ َ
ﺟﻭ ُ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺎ ُﻝ
ِ َﻑ
ﺍﻟ ُﻣﺿﺎﻋ ُ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻣﻭﺯ ﺳﺎﻟﻡ
ﺍﻟ ّ
ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﻻ ُﻣﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﻋﻳﻧُﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﻓﺎﺅﻩ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻠﻣﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺩ
ﺣﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﺔ،
َ ﺣﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﺔ،
َ ﺣﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﺔ،
َ ﺍﻟﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺣﺭﻭﻓﻪ ﺣﺭﻭﻓﻪ
ﺑﺎﻟﻭﺍﻭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻳﺎء ﺗﻛﺭﺭﺕ ﻋﻳﻧﻪ ﱠ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ
ﻭﻻﻣﻪ، ﻫﻣﺯﺓ، ﺍﻟﻬﻣﺯﺓ
ﻓﺻﺎﺭﺗﺎ ﺣﺭﻓﺎ ً ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺿﻌﻳﻑ،
ﻣﺷﺩّﺩﺍ ً،
ﺳﻣﺎ /
ﻣﺛﺎﻝَ : ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﻗﺎﻝ / ﺿ َﻊ /ﻣﺛﺎﻝَ :ﻭ َ ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﺭ ﱠﺩ / ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﺃ َﺧ َﺫ / ﺱ/
ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﺩ ََﺭ َ
ﺩَﻋﺎ َ /ﺭﻣﻰ / ﺑﺎﻉ … ﺱ/ َﻭ َﻗ َ
ﻑ َ /ﻳ ِﺋ َ ﻣﺭ/ ﺷ ﱠﺩ /ﱠ ﺳﺄ َ َﻝ /ﻗَ َﺭﺃ َ…
َ ﺏ َ /ﻓ ِﻬﻡ.
َﻛﺗ َ َ
َﻫﺩﻯ… ﺱ… َﻳ ِﺑ َ ﺳ ﱠﺩ..
ﻣﻼﺣﻅﺔ:
ﻳﻧﻘﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺗﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻗﺳﺎﻡ :
ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺎﻝ /ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﺍﻷﺟﻭﻑ /ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﻗﺹ) /ﺑﺭﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺳﻧﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺳﺔ( ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ِ
ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻳﻑ )ﺑﺭﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺳﻧﺔ ﺳﺎﺩﺳﺔ( :ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺟﺎء ﻓﻳﻪ ﺣﺭﻓﺎﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺣﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟ ِﻌﻠّﺔ،
ﻭﻫﻭ ﺑﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻳﻧﻘﺳﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺳﻣﻳﻥ:
ﻘﺭﻭﻥ )ﺃﻱ ﺍﻗﺗﺭﻥ ﻓﻳﻪ ﺣﺭﻓﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﺔ(،ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻳﻑ ﺍﻟ َﻣ ُ
ﺃﻭﻯ َ /ﻫﻭﻯ. ﻣﺛﺎﻝ َ :
ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻳﻑ ﺍﻟ َﻣﻔﺭﻭﻕ )ﺃﻱ ﺍﻓﺗﺭﻕ ﻓﻳﻪ ﺣﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠّﺔ(،
ﻣﺛﺎﻝ َ :ﻭ َﻗﻰ َ /ﻭﻋَﻰ.
/7ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﺍﻟ ُﻣﻌﺗ ﱡﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ /ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺿﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻓﻭﻉ /ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺿﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺯﻭﻡ ﺏ َﻟ ْﻡ /ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻟﻣﺿﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺻﻭﺏ ﺏ َﻟ ْﻥ /ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﺭ :
ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺎ ُﻝ :
ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﺍﻟ ُﻣﻌﺗ ﱡﻝ ِ
ﺍﻟﻌﻳﻥ:
ِ ﺡ ﺗﺻﺭﻳﻑ ﻓﻌﻝ » َﻭ َ
ﺿ َﻊ « :ﻓﻌﻝ ﻣﻔﺗﻭ ُ
ﺍﻷﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺿﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺿﻣﺎﺋﺭ
ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺻﻭﺏ ﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺯﻭﻡ ﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻓﻭﻉ
َﻟ ْﻥ َﻟ ْﻡ
ﺿ َﻊ َﻟ ْﻥ ﺃ َ َ ﺿ ْﻊ َﻟ ْﻡ ﺃ َ َ ﺿ ُﻊ ﺃَ َ ﺿﻌْﺕُ َﻭ َ ﺃﻧﺎ
ﺿ َﻊ َﻟ ْﻥ َﻧ َ ﺿ ْﻊ َﻟ ْﻡ َﻧ َ ﺿ ُﻊَﻧ َ ﺿ ْﻌ َﻧﺎ َﻭ َ َﻧﺣْ ُﻥ
ﺿ َﻊ َﻟ ْﻥ َﻳ َ ﺿ ْﻊ َﻟ ْﻡ َﻳ َ ﺿ ُﻊ َﻳ َ ﺿ َﻊ َﻭ َ ُﻫﻭ
ﺿ َﻊ َﻟ ْﻥ ﺗَ َ ﺿ ْﻊ َﻟ ْﻡ ﺗَ َ ﺿ ُﻊ ﺗَ َ ﺿ َﻌﺕْ َﻭ َ ﻲِﻫ َ
ﺿ َﻌﺎ َﻟ ْﻥ َﻳ َ ﺿ َﻌﺎ َﻟ ْﻡ َﻳ َ ﺎﻥ
ﺿ َﻌ ِ َﻳ َ ﺿ َﻌﺎ َﻭ َ ُﻫ َﻣﺎ
ﺿ َﻌﺎ َﻟ ْﻥ ﺗَ َ ﺿ َﻌﺎ َﻟ ْﻡ ﺗَ َ ﺎﻥﺿ َﻌ ِ ﺗَ َ ﺿ َﻌﺗَﺎ َﻭ َ ُﻫ َﻣﺎ
ﺿﻌُﻭﺍ َﻟ ْﻥ َﻳ َ ﺿﻌُﻭﺍ َﻟ ْﻡ َﻳ َ ﺿﻌ ُ َ
ﻭﻥ َﻳ َ ﺿﻌُﻭﺍ َﻭ َ ُﻫ ْﻡ
ﺿ ْﻌ َﻥ َﻟ ْﻥ َﻳ َ ﺿ ْﻌ َﻥ َﻟ ْﻡ َﻳ َ ﺿ ْﻌ َﻥ َﻳ َ ﺿ ْﻌ َﻥ َﻭ َ ُﻫ ﱠﻥ
ﺿ ْﻊ َ ﺿ َﻊ َﻟ ْﻥ ﺗَ َ ﺿ ْﻊ َﻟ ْﻡ ﺗَ َ ﺿ ُﻊ ﺗَ َ ﺿ ْﻌﺕَ َﻭ َ ﺃﻧﺕَ
ﺿ ِﻌﻲ َﺿ ِﻌﻲ َﻟ ْﻥ ﺗَ َ ﺿ ِﻌﻲ َﻟ ْﻡ ﺗَ َ ﺿ ِﻌ َ
ﻳﻥ ﺗَ َ ﺕﺿ ْﻌ ِ َﻭ َ ﺕﺃﻧ ِ
ﺿ َﻌﺎ َ ﺿ َﻌﺎ َﻟ ْﻥ ﺗَ َ ﺿ َﻌﺎ َﻟ ْﻡ ﺗَ َ ﺎﻥ ﺿ َﻌ ِ ﺗَ َ ﺿ ْﻌﺗ ُ َﻣﺎ َﻭ َ
ﺃﻧﺗﻣﺎ
ﺿﻌُﻭﺍ َ ﺿﻌُﻭﺍ َﻟ ْﻥ ﺗَ َ ﺿﻌُﻭﺍ َﻟ ْﻡ ﺗَ َ ﺿﻌ ُ َ
ﻭﻥ ﺗَ َ ﺿ ْﻌﺗ ُ ْﻡ َﻭ َ ﺃ َ ْﻧﺗ ُ ْﻡ
ﺿ ْﻌ َﻥ َ ﺿ ْﻌ َﻥ َﻟ ْﻥ ﺗَ َ ﺿ ْﻌ َﻥ َﻟ ْﻡ ﺗَ َ ﺿ ْﻌ َﻥ ﺗَ َ ﺿ ْﻌﺗ ُ ﱠﻥ َﻭ َﱠ
ﺃﻧﺗﻥ
ﻣﻼﺣﻅﺔ:
ﻑ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ َﻣﻛﺳﻭﺭ َ
ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻭﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻔﺗﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺗُﺣﺫ ُ ّ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺎ ِﻝﺣﺫﻑ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺿﺎﺭﻉ ِ ﺗُ ُ
ﺍﻟﻌﻳﻥ.
ﺿ ُﻊ - ﻲ ﺗَ َ ﺿ ُﻊ ِ -ﻫ َ ﺿ ُﻊ ُ -ﻫ َﻭ َﻳ َ ﺿ ُﻊ -ﺃ َ ْﻧﺕَ ﺗَ َ
ﺿ ُﻊ َ -ﻧﺣْ ُﻥ َﻧ َ ﺿ َﻊ :ﺃ َ َﻧﺎ ﺃ َ َ ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﺗﺻﺭﻳﻑ ﻓﻌﻝ َﻭ َ
ﺿ ْﻌ َﻥ…ﻭﻥ ُ -ﻫ ﱠﻥ َﻳ َ ﺿﻌُ َ ﺎﻥ -ﺃ َ ْﻧﺗ ُ ْﻡ ﺗَ َ
ﺿ َﻌ ِ ﺃ َ ْﻧﺗ ُ َﻣﺎ ﺗَ َ
ﻳﻥ -ﺃ َ ْﻧﺗ ُ َﻣﺎ ﺕ ﺗَ ْﻭ ُﺟ ِﻠ َﻲ ﺗَ ْﻭ ُﺟ ُﻝ -ﺃ َ ْﻧ ِ
ﻭﺟ َﻝ :ﺃ َ َﻧﺎ ﺃ َ ْﻭ ُﺟ ُﻝ َ -ﻧﺣْ ُﻥ َﻧ ْﻭ ُﺟ ُﻝ ِ -ﻫ َﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﺗﺻﺭﻳﻑ ﻓﻌﻝ ِ
ﻭﻥ… ﻭﻥ ُ -ﻫ ْﻡ َﻳ ْﻭ ُﺟﻠُ َ ﺗَ ْﻭ ُﺟ َﻼ ِﻥ -ﺃ َ ْﻧﺗ ُ ْﻡ ﺗَ ْﻭ ُﺟﻠُ َ
ﺍﻟﻌﻳﻥ :
ِ ﻣﻛﺳﻭﺭ
ُ ﺱ « :ﻓﻌﻝ
ﺗﺻﺭﻳﻑ ﻓﻌﻝ » ﻳَ ِﺋ َ
ﺍﻷﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺿﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺿﻣﺎﺋﺭ
ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺻﻭﺏ ﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺯﻭﻡ ﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻓﻭﻉ
َﻟ ْﻥ َﻟ ْﻡ
ﺱ َﻟ ْﻥ ﺃ َ ْﻳﺄ َ َ ﺱ َﻟ ْﻡ ﺃ َ ْﻳﺄ َ ْ ﺱ ﺃ َ ْﻳﺄ َ ُ َﻳ ِﺋﺳْﺕُ ﺃﻧﺎ
ﺱ َﻟ ْﻥ َﻧ ْﻳﺄ َ َ ﺱَﻟ ْﻡ َﻧ ْﻳﺄ َ ْ َﻧ ْﻳﺄ َ ُ
ﺱ ﺳ َﻧﺎ َﻳ ِﺋ ْ َﻧﺣْ ُﻥ
ﺱ َﻟ ْﻥ َﻳ ْﻳﺄ َ َ ﺱ َﻟ ْﻡ َﻳ ْﻳﺄ َ ْ ﺱَﻳ ْﻳﺄ َ ُ ﺱ َﻳ ِﺋ َ ُﻫﻭ
ﺱ َﻟ ْﻥ ﺗَ ْﻳﺄ َ َ ﺱ َﻟ ْﻡ ﺗَ ْﻳﺄ َ ْ ﺱ ﺗَ ْﻳﺄ َ ُ ﺳﺕْ َﻳ ِﺋ َ ﻲِﻫ َ
ﺳﺎ َﻟ ْﻥ َﻳ ْﻳﺄ َ َ ﺳﺎ َﻟ ْﻡ َﻳ ْﻳﺄ َ َ ﺎﻥ
ﺳ ِ َﻳ ْﻳﺄ َ َ ﺳﺎ َﻳ ِﺋ َ ُﻫ َﻣﺎ
ﺳﺎ َﻟ ْﻥ ﺗَ ْﻳﺄ َ َ ﺳﺎ َﻟ ْﻡ ﺗَ ْﻳﺄ َ َ ﺎﻥ
ﺳ ِ ﺗَ ْﻳﺄ َ َ ﺳﺗَﺎ َﻳ ِﺋ َ ُﻫ َﻣﺎ
ﺳﻭﺍ َﻟ ْﻥ ﻳ ْﻳﺄ َ ُ ﺳﻭﺍ َﻟ ْﻡ ﻳ ْﻳﺄ َ ُ ﺳ َ
ﻭﻥ َﻳ ْﻳﺄ َ ُ ﺳﻭﺍ َﻳ ِﺋ ُ ُﻫ ْﻡ
ﺳ َﻥ َﻟ ْﻥ َﻳ ْﻳﺄ َ ْ ﺳ َﻥ َﻟ ْﻡ َﻳ ْﻳﺄ َ ْ ﺳ َﻥ َﻳ ْﻳﺄ َ ْ ﺳ َﻥ َﻳ ِﺋ ْ ُﻫ ﱠﻥ
ﺱﺍِﻳﺄ َ ْ ﺳﺄ َ َﻝَﻟ ْﻥ ﺗَ ْ ﺱَﻟ ْﻡ ﺗَ ْﻳﺄ َ ْ ﺱﺗَ ْﻳﺄ َ ُ ﺳﺕَ َﻳ ِﺋ ْ ﺃﻧﺕَ
ﺳﻲ ﺍِﻳﺄ َ ِ ﺳﺄ َ ِﻟﻲ َﻟ ْﻥ ﺗَ ْ ﺳﻲ َﻟ ْﻡ ﺗَ ْﻳﺄ َ ِ ﺳ َ
ﻳﻥ ﺗَ ْﻳﺄ َ ِ ﺕﺳ ِ َﻳ ِﺋ ْ ﺕﺃﻧ ِ
ﺳﺎ ﺍِﻳﺄ َ َ ﺳﺄ َ َﻻَﻟ ْﻥ ﺗَ ْ ﺳﺎ َﻟ ْﻡ ﺗَ ْﻳﺄ َ َ ﺎﻥ
ﺳ ِ ﺗَ ْﻳﺄ َ َ ﺳﺗ ُ َﻣﺎ َﻳ ِﺋ ْ ﺃﻧﺗﻣﺎ
ﺳﻭﺍ ﺍِﻳﺄ َ ُ ﺳﺄَﻟُﻭﺍ َﻟ ْﻥ ﺗَ ْ ﺳﻭﺍ َﻟ ْﻡ ﺗَ ْﻳﺄ َ ُ ﺳ َ
ﻭﻥ ﺗَ ْﻳﺄ َ ُ ﺳﺗ ُ ْﻡ َﻳ ِﺋ ْ ﺃ َ ْﻧﺗ ُ ْﻡ
ﺳ َﻥ ﺍِﻳﺄ َ ْ ﺳﺄ َ ْﻟ َﻥ َﻟ ْﻥ ﺗَ ْ ﺳ َﻥ َﻟ ْﻡ ﺗَ ْﻳﺄ َ ْ ﺳ َﻥ ﺗَ ْﻳﺄ َ ْ ﺳﺗ ُ ﱠﻥ َﻳ ِﺋ ْ ﱠ
ﺃﻧﺗﻥ
ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎء ،ﺳﺄﻗﺭﺃ ُ
ِ ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﻋﻧﺩ ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﻧﻬﺿﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﻭﺻ َﻝ ﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺣ ﱠ
ﻁ ِﺔ
ﺻﺔ ً.
ﻗ ﱠ ﺻﺑﺎﺡ ِ.
ﺍﻟ ّ ﺻﺑﺎ ًﺣﺎ.
ﻟﻠﻣﻛﺎﻥ :
ِ • ﺍﻟ ُﻣﺗ ِ ّﻣﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ َﻣﻔﻌﻭ ُﻝ ﻓﻳ ِﻪ
ﺑﻌﺽ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﻛﺎﻥ :ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ،ﺧﻠﻑ ،ﻭﺭﺍء ،ﻓﻭﻕ ،ﺗﺣﺕ ،ﻳﻣﻳﻥ ،ﺷﻣﺎﻝ ،ﻟﺩﻯ ،ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﺏ...
ﻟﻠﻣﻛﺎﻥ:
ِ َﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﺍﻟ َﻣﻔﻌﻭ ُﻝ ﻓﻳ ِﻪ
ُﻣﺭ ّﻛﺑًﺎ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻳNﺎ ﺟﺭ
ّﺏ ٍ ّ ُﻣﺭﻛ َ ُﻣﻔﺭﺩﺓ ً
ﺳﻳﺎﺭﺓَ ﺃﻣﺎﻡﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﺃَﻭﻗﻑ ﺃَﺑﻲ ﺍﻟ ﱠ ﻳﻑ. ﻣﺛﺎﻝ ُ :ﻭﻟﺩﺕُ ﻓﻲ ِ ّ
ﺍﻟﺭ ِ ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﻣﺿﺕ ﺑﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﺔ ﻏﺭﺑًﺎ.
ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺯ ِﻝ.
ﺗﺟﺭﻱ.
ﻣﺛﺎﻝ - :ﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﻋﺎﺋﺷﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺯ ِﻝ ِ
ﺭﺍﺏ ﺩﻭﻥَ َﻛﻠَ ٍﻝ. -ﻳﺧﻠﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣ ُﻝ ﺍﻟﺗ ﱡ َ
ْ -ﺃﻗﺑ َﻝ ﺳﻠﻳ ٌﻡ ﻳﺣﻣ ُﻝ ﻫﺩﻳﱠﺔ ً.
ﺍﻟﻣﻔﻌﻭ ُﻝ ِﻷﺟ ِﻠ ِﻪ ﻫﻭ ﺃﺣﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻔﺎﻋﻳﻝ )ﺍﻟﻣﻔﻌﻭﻝ ﺑﻪ /ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻔﻌﻭﻝ ﻷﺟﻠﻪ /ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻔﻌﻭﻝ ﻣﻌﻪ( ﻭﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ
ﺳﺑﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﻣﻥ ﻭﻗﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ،ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﺳﻡ ﻓﺿﻠﺔ ﺃﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺅﺛﺭ ﺣﺫﻓﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ. ﻟﻳُ َﺑ ِﻳّﻥَ ﺍﻟ ﱠ
ﺊ ﻟﻠﺻﻳ ِﺩ.
ﻣﺛﺎﻝ - :ﻗﺻﺩﺕُ ﺍﻟﺷﱠﺎﻁ َ
ً
ﺳﻲ ﺭﻏﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻧﱠﺟﺎﺡ ِ. -ﺃُ ُ
ﺫﺍﻛﺭ ﺩﺭﻭ ِ
-ﺗﻭﺟﱠﻬﺕُ ﻟﻠﻣﻁﺑﺦِ ﻷﺗﻧﺎﻭ َﻝ ﻭﺟﺑﺔ ً.
ﺗﻠﺧﻳﺹ
ُ ﻣﻔﺭﺩﺓ ً ﻟﻠﻣﻛﺎﻥ
ِ َ ﻣﻔﻌﻭ ُﻝ ﻓﻳ ِﻪ ﺃﻳﻥ؟
ﺟﺭّﺏ ٍ ّ ُ ﻣﺭﻛ َ
ُ ﻣﺭ ّﻛﺑًﺎ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻳNﺎ
ُ ﻣﻔﺭﺩﺓ ً ﻣﺎﻥ َ ﻣﻔﻌﻭ ُﻝ ﻓﻳ ِﻪ ﱠ
ﻟﻠﺯ ِ ﻣﺗﻰ؟
ﺟﺭ ّﺏ ٍ ّ ُ ﻣﺭﻛ َ
ُ ﻣﺭ ّﻛﺑًﺎ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻳNﺎ
ﺟﺭ
ّﺏ ٍ ّ ُ ﻣﺭﻛ َ ﻣﻔﻌﻭﻝ ِﻷﺟ ِﻠ ِﻪ ﻟﻣﺎﺫﺍ؟
ﺇﺳﻧﺎﺩﻱ
ّ ُ ﻣﺭ ّﻛﺑًﺎ ﺷﺑﻪ
ُ ﻣﻔﺭﺩﺓً ﺍﻟﺣﺎ ُﻝ
ﺗﺭﻛﻳﺑًﺎ ﺍﺳﻧﺎﺩﻳNﺎ ﻛﻳﻑ؟
ﺟﺭ
ّﺏ ٍ ّ ُ ﻣﺭﻛ َ
ﻣﺛﺎﻝ:
ﻔﺭ َ
ﻍ ُﺣ ُﻣﻭ َﻟﺗَﻬﺎ. ﻋﺻﺭﺍِ ،ﻟﺗ ُ ِ
ً ﺍﻟﻣﻳﻧﺎء
ِ ﺳﻔﻳﻧﺔُ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻛ ِ ّﻝ ٍّ
ﺗﺄﻥ ،ﺃﺭﺳﺕ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺟﺭّﺏ ٍ ّ
ﻛﻳﻑ؟ ﺍﻟﺣﺎ ُﻝ ُﻣﺭﻛ َ ﺑﻛ ِ ّﻝ ٍّ
ﺗﺄﻥ
ﻓﻌﻝ ﺃﺭﺳﺕ
ﻓﺎﻋﻝ ﺳﻔﻳﻧﺔُﺍﻟ ّ
ﻟﻠﻣﻛﺎﻥ
ِ ﺃﻳﻥ؟ َ ﻣﻔﻌﻭ ُﻝ ﻓﻳ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﻧﺎء
ِ ﻓﻲ
ﻣﺎﻥ
ﻟﻠﺯ ِ ﻣﺗﻰ؟ َ ﻣﻔﻌﻭ ُﻝ ﻓﻳ ِﻪ ﱠ ﻋﺻﺭﺍ
ً
ﻟﻣﺎﺫﺍ؟ ﻣﻔﻌﻭﻝ ِﻷﺟ ِﻠ ِﻪ ﻔﺭ َ
ﻍ ُﺣ ُﻣﻭ َﻟﺗَﻬﺎ ِﻟﺗ ُ ِ
-ﻳﺻﺎﻍ ﺍﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻝ ﻣﻥ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺛﻼﺛﻲ ،ﺑﺗﺣﻭﻳﻝ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺿﺎﺭﻉ ،ﻭﺗَﻐﻳﻳﺭ ﺣﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺿﺎﺭﻉ
ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻳﻣﺎ ﻣﺿﻣﻭﻣﺔ ﻭ َﻛ ْ
ﺳ ِﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﺧﻳﺭ.
ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :
ﺏ.
ﺃﺫﻧﺏ ُ ﻣﺫ ِﻧ ٌ
َ ﺍﺳﺗﻘﺎﻡ ُ ﻣﺳﺗ ِﻘﻳ ٌﻡ . ﺍﺳﺗﻘﺑﻝ ُ ﻣﺳﺗَﻘ ِﺑ ٌﻝ .
ﺻﺣﻳﺢ )ﺃﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻭﺟﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﺔ( ﺃﻭ ِﻣﺛﺎﻝ )ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﻟﻪ ﺣﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﺔ( -ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ َ
ﺃﻭ َﻣﻬ ُﻣﻭﺯ )ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﻟﻪ ﻫﻣﺯﺓ( ،ﻳُﺻﺎﻍ ﺍﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻔﻌﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺯﻥ » َﻣ ْﻔﻌﻭﻝ « .
ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :
ﻌﺭﻭﻑ
ٌ ﻋُﺭﻑ َ ﻣ ﻓُﻬﻡ َ ﻣﻔﻬﻭ ٌﻡ ﻋُﻠﻡ َ ﻣﻌﻠﻭ ٌﻡ
ﺃ َﻣ َﺭ َ ﻣﺄ ْ ٌ
ﻣﻭﺭ ﻭﻫﻭﺏ
ٌ ُﻭﻫﺏ َ ﻣ ُﻭﻋﺩ َ ﻣﻭﻋﻭ ٌﺩ
ﺃ َﻛ َﻝ َ ﻣﺄْﻛﻭ ٌﻝ
/11ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺗﺩﺃ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺧﺑﺭ:
ﺗﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻣﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﻣﺑﺗﺩﺃ ﻭ ﺧﺑﺭ.
ﻣﺛﺎﻝ - :ﺳﺎﺣﺔُ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﺭﺳ ِﺔ ﻣﻛﺗﻅﺔٌ.
ﺧﻼﻕ.
ِ ﺳﻥُ ﺍﻷ َ
ﻲ َﺣ َ
-ﻋﻠ ﱞ
ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺗﺩﺃ
ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺧﺑﺭ
ﻔﺭﺩﺓﺍﻟﺧﺑﺭ ُﻣ َ ﺗﻧﻭﻋﺔ ٌ
ﺍﻟ َﺑﺿﺎﺋ ُﻊ ُﻣ ّ
ﺑﺎﻟﺟﺭ
ّ ﺧﺑﺭ ﺟﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺟﺭﻭﺭ ُ ﻣﺭ ﱠﻛﺑًﺎ ﻁﺔُ ﺍﻟﺻﻐﻳﺭﺓ ُ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺳﻠ ِﺔ. ﺍﻟ ِﻘ ﱠ
ﻭﻣﻌﻁﻭﻑ ُ ﻣﺭ ﱠﻛﺑًﺎ ﻋﻁ ِﻔﻳNﺎ ٌ ﻣﻌﻁﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻳ ِﻪ
ٌ ﺧﺑﺭ ﻟﻳﻧﺎ ﺟﻣﻳﻠﺔ ٌ ﻭ ﻋﺎﻗﻠﺔ ٌ.
ﻣﺿﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻳ ِﻪ ُ ﻣﺭ ﱠﻛﺑًﺎ ﺇﺿﺎ ِﻓﻳNﺎ ٌ ﻣﺿﺎﻑ ﻭٌ ﺧﺑﺭ ﺏ.
ﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻠ ِﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻡ ﻁ ِﻳّ ُ
ﺧﺑﺭ َﻣﻧﻌﻭﺕٌ ﻭ َﻧﻌﺕٌ ُ ﻣﺭ ﱠﻛﺑًﺎ َﻧﻌ ِﺗﻳNﺎ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻳﺭ ﻧﺳﻳ ٌﺞ ﻧﺎﻋ ٌﻡ.
ُ
ﺳﻧﺎ ِﺩﻳNﺎُﻣﺭ ﱠﻛﺑًﺎ ﺇ ْ ﻣﺎﺭ. ّ
ﺍﻟﻌُ ّﻣﺎ ُﻝ ﻳﺟﻧﻭﻥَ ﺍﻟ ِﺛ َ
/ 13ﺍﻟﻧﻭﺍﺳﺦ :
ﺍﻟﻧﻭﺍﺳﺦ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻳﺔ :
-ﺗﺩﺧﻝ ﺍﻟﻧّﻭﺍﺳﺦ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻳّﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻣﻳّﺔ ﻓﺗﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺗﺩﺃ » ﺍﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﻧّﺎﺳﺦ « ﻭﺗﻧﺻﺏ ﺍﻟﺧﺑﺭ » ﺧﺑﺭ
ﺍﻟﻧّﺎﺳﺦ« .
-ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺗﺳﻣﻳﺗﻬﺎ ﺃﻳﺿﺎ :ﺃﺧﻭﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﻥ
ﺍﻟﻧّﻭﺍﺳﺦ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻳّﺔ :ﻛَﺎﻥَ -ﺃﺻْﺑﺢ َ -ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ َ -
ﺻﺎﺭ -ﻟﻳْﺱ
ﻣﺛﺎﻝ - :ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺟﺳ ُﻡ ﻫﺯﻳ ًﻼ.
-ﻟﻳﺱ ﺍﻟﺗﻣﺭﻳﻥُ ﺻﻌﺑًﺎ.
ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺟﺳ ُﻡ ﻫﺯﻳ ًﻼ.
ﺧﺑﺭ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺳﺦِ
ُ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺳﺦ
ِ ﺍﺳ ُﻡ ﺍﻟﻧّﺎﺳﺦ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ
ﻫﺯﻳﻼً ﺍﻟﺟﺳ ُﻡ ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ
-ﺗﺩﺧﻝ ﺍﻟﻧﻭﺍﺳﺦ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻓﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﻣﻳﺔ ﻓﺗﻧﺻﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺗﺩﺃ »ﺍﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﻧّﺎﺳﺦ « ﻭﺗﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺧﺑﺭ »ﺧﺑﺭ
ﺍﻟﻧّﺎﺳﺦ« ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﻋﻛﺱ ﻋﻣﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ.
-ﻭﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺗﺳﻣﻳﺗﻬﺎ ﺃﻳﺿﺎ :ﺇﻥﱠ ﻭﺃﺧﻭﺍﺗﻬﺎ.
ﺍﻟﻧﻭﺍﺳﺦ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻓﻳﺔ ﻫﻲ ِ :ﺇﻥﱠ َ -ﻛﺄَﻥﱠ -ﻟ ِﻛ ْﻥ -ﻟﻳْﺕَ -ﻟﻌ ﱠﻝ
ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺎﺏ ﻣﻔﺗﻭ ًﺣﺎ.
ُ ﺏ ﻣﻔﺗﻭ ٌﺡ #ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﺇِﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺎ َ
ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﺇﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﺟﺎﺭﺓَ ﻣﺭﻳﺿﺔٌ ٌ.
ﺡ
ﺏ ﻣﻔﺗﻭ ٌِﺇﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺎ َ
ﺧﺑﺭ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺳﺦِ
ُ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺳﺦ
ِ ﺍﺳ ُﻡ ﺍﻟﻧّﺎﺳﺦ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻓﻲ
ﺡﻣﻔﺗﻭ ٌ ﺏ
ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺎ َ ِﺇﻥﱠ
ﻣﺎﻫﺭ.
ٌ ﺇﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻌ ﱠﻡ َ
ﺳﻠﻳ ًﻣﺎ ﺣﺩّﺍ ٌﺩ ْﺱ ﻫﺫﺍ َﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﻳﺩُ.
ﻟﻳ َ
ﻔﺭ َﺩﺓً:
ﻳﺭ ُﺩ ﺍﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﻧّﺎﺳﺦ ُﻣ َ
ﻔﺭﺩﺓً.
ﺻﺎﺭ -ﻟﻳْﺱ ( ﻣﺭﻓﻭﻋًﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺿ ّﻣ ِﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ َﻭ َﺭ َﺩ ُﻣ َ ﻲ )ﻛَﺎﻥَ -ﺃﺻْﺑﺢ َ -ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ َ - ﻳﻛﻭﻥُ ﺍﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﻧّﺎﺳﺦ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠ ّ
ﻔﺭﺩﺓً. ﻲ )ﺇِﻥﱠ َ -ﻛﺄَﻥﱠ -ﻟ ِﻛ ْﻥ -ﻟﻳْﺕَ -ﻟﻌ ﱠﻝ ( ﻣﻧﺻﻭﺑًﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺗﺣ ِﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ َﻭ َﺭ َﺩ ُﻣ َ
ﻳﻛﻭﻥُ ﺍﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﻧّﺎﺳﺦ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻓ ّ
ﺍﻟﻣﻁﺎﺭ.
ِ ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻟﺕ ﺍﻟ ﱠ
ﻁﺎﺋﺭﺓ ُ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻟﺕ ﺍﻟ ﱠ
ﻁﺎﺋﺭﺓ ُ ﺟﺎﺛ َﻣﺔ ً.
ﻔﺭ َﺩﺓً:
ﻳﺭ ُﺩ ﺧ َﺑ ُﺭ ﺍﻟﻧّﺎﺳﺦ ُﻣ َ
ﻔﺭﺩﺓً.
ﺻﺎﺭ -ﻟﻳْﺱ ( ﻣﻧﺻﻭﺑًﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺗﺣ ِﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ َﻭ َﺭ َﺩ ُﻣ َ ﻲ )ﻛَﺎﻥَ -ﺃﺻْﺑﺢ َ -ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ َ - ﻳﻛﻭﻥُ ﺧﺑَ ُﺭ ﺍﻟﻧّﺎﺳﺦ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠ ّ
ﻔﺭﺩﺓً.ﻲ ) ِﺇﻥﱠ َ -ﻛﺄَﻥﱠ -ﻟ ِﻛ ْﻥ -ﻟﻳْﺕَ -ﻟﻌ ﱠﻝ ( ﻣﺭﻓﻭﻋًﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺿ ّﻣ ِﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ َﻭ َﺭ َﺩ ُﻣ َ
ﻳﻛﻭﻥُ ﺧﺑَ ُﺭ ﺍﻟﻧّﺎﺳﺦ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻓ ّ
َﻑ :
ﺻﺣﻳﺢ ﺍﻟ ُﻣﺿﺎﻋ ُ
/ 14ﺗﺻﺭﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﺍﻟ ﱠ
ﺗﻛﺭﺭﺕ ﻋﻳﻧﻪ ﻭﻻﻣﻪ ،ﻓﺻﺎﺭﺗﺎ ﺣﺭﻓﺎ ً ﻣﺷﺩّﺩﺍ ً،
َﻑ :ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﱠ
-ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﺍﻟ ُﻣﺿﺎﻋ ُ
ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﻣ ﱠﺩ -ﺭ ﱠﺩ -ﺷ ﱠﺩ -ﱠ
ﻣﺭ -ﺳ ﱠﺩ ...
ﺗﻛﺭﺭﺕ ﻓﺎﺅﻩ ﻭﻻﻣﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻭﻋﻳﻧُﻪ ﻭﻻﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻳﺔ،
-ﻫﻭ ﺃﻳﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﺍﻟﺭﺑﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﱠ
ﻣﺛﺎﻝَ :ﺟ ْﻠ َﺟﻝَ ،ﻭﺛ َ ْﺭﺛ َ َﺭ …
-ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻛﻝ ﺁﺧﺭ :ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﺍﻧﺿ ﱠﻡ -ﺍﻫﺗ ﱠﻡ -ﺃﻋ ﱠﺩ...
ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻝ
ﺿﻣﻳﺭﺍ ُﻣﺳﺗ ِﺗ ًﺭﺍً ً
ﻧﻔﺻﻼ ﺗﺻﻼ ﺃﻭ ُﻣﺿﻣﻳﺭﺍ ُﻣ ً ً ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺍ
ً ﺍﺳ ًﻣﺎ
ﻏﺎﺩ ُِﺭ ﺍﻵﻥَﺳﺄ ُ َﻣﺛﺎﻝ َ : ﻣﺛﺎﻝ َ :ﻛﺗَﺑﺕُ ِﻛﺗَﺎﺑﺎ ً ﺎﻣﻼﺕُ ﻣﺛﺎﻝ :ﺍﺟﺗ َ َﻬ َﺩ ِ
ﺕ ﺍﻟ َﻌ ِ
ﺿﻣﻳﺭ ُﻣﺳﺗﺗِ ٌﺭ(
ٌ )ﺃﻧﺎ َﻟﻡ َﻳﻧ َﺟﺢ ﺇِ ﱠﻻ ﺃَﻧﺕَ
ﻣﺛﺎﻝ - :ﺍﻟﺷّﺟﺭﺓُ ِ
ﻣﻭﺭﻗﺔ ٌ.
-ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻭﻥَ ُﻣﺟﺩﱡﻭﻥَ .
ﱠﺍﻥ.
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻼﻥ ُﻣﺟﺩ ِ
ِ -