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Y_-91
Q`rbcrgkcrg enkrçulnig
DGFPGL K@ PYC
^ DGF[@FNDN@F[
DGF[@FNDN@F[C
C
Fnfmufg pgrt` k` `st` dgfugl pu`k` s`r r`prckuinkg, d`dcrnzgkg `f uf snst`dg k` grienvc c trgfsdntnkg g t`ri`rcs `f iuglqun`r bcrdg c icf
iuglqun`r d`knc snf qu` YCNLD@I Y.p.G. lc egyg gutcrnzgkc pcr `sirntc icf gft`lginùf.
YCNLD@I Y.p.G s` r`s`rvg `l k`r`iec k` gpcrtgr `f iuglqun`r dcd`ftc y snf gvnsc dcknigincf`s y d`hcrägs g sus prckuitcs icf lg nft`finùf
k` gud`ftgr icfstgft`d`ft` lg iglnkgk, pcr lc tgftc `stg puolniginùf pu`k` s`r scd`tnkg g buturgs dcknigincf`s.
D
GFPGL K@ P
P YC
YC ^ D
D F[C Y_-91 PD;20179/Y _
GF[@FNDN@F[C
GF[@FNDN@ @R .7
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KCIPD@F[C K@ GI@Q[GINÙF
@YQG×CL
NDQC_[GF[@
Gft`s k` r`ll`fgr `l snmun`ft` dùkulc gs`mør`s` k` ego`r l`äkc y `ft`fknkc
`ft`fknkc ilgrgd`ft`
ilgrgd`ft` lc qu` s` eg nfknigkc
nfknigkc
gft`rncrd`ft`.
@l Icfstruitcr8 @l Icdntt`ft`8
YCNLD@I s.p.g. ………
Rng Knsdgfc 057> ………
;=0?? I@Y@FG - N[GLNG ………
Icf `l pr`s`ft` kciud`ftc k`ilgrc k` ego`r r`inonkc lg
Bnrdg k`l r`spcfsgol`8 kciud`ftginùf r`lgtnvg g lg dçqunfg qu` d` eg snkc
`ftr`mgkg.
(Nfm. Glo`rtc Gftcf`lln) Dck`lc8 … … …
Dgträiulg8 … … …
Y`llc8 Bnrdg k`l r`spcfsgol`8
………
Bnrdg k`l tîifnic nfstglgkcr8 Y`llc8
……… ………
D
GFPGL K@ P
P YC
YC ^ D
D F[C Y_-91 PD;20179/Y _
GF[@FNDN@F[C
GF[@FNDN@ @R .7
.7
@R
KCIPD@F[C K@ GI@Q[GINÙF
@YQG×CL
NDQC_[GF[@
Gft`s k` r`ll`fgr `l snmun`ft` dùkulc gs`mør`s` k` ego`r l`äkc y `ft`fknkc
`ft`fknkc ilgrgd`ft`
ilgrgd`ft` lc qu` s` eg nfknigkc
nfknigkc
gft`rncrd`ft`.
@l Icfstruitcr8 @l Icdntt`ft`8
YCNLD@I s.p.g. ………
Rng Knsdgfc 057> ………
;=0?? I@Y@FG - N[GLNG ………
Icf `l pr`s`ft` kciud`ftc k`ilgrc k` ego`r r`inonkc lg
Bnrdg k`l r`spcfsgol`8 kciud`ftginùf r`lgtnvg g lg dçqunfg qu` d` eg snkc
`ftr`mgkg.
(Nfm. Glo`rtc Gftcf`lln) Dck`lc8 … … …
Dgträiulg8 … … …
Y`llc8 Bnrdg k`l r`spcfsgol`8
………
Bnrdg k`l tîifnic nfstglgkcr8 Y`llc8
……… ………
@YQG×CL
Q@LNM_C
Lgs gkv`rt`fings pr`i`knkgs pcr `st` sädoclc s` r``r`f `xpr`sgd`ft` g sntugincf`s k` p`lnmrc nfdnf`ft`
icf pcsnol`s kg÷cs bäsnics mrgv`s (c dcrtgl`s) yg s`g pgrg `l cp`rgkcr icdc pgrg lcs k`dçs qu` s`
`fiu`ftrgf `f lgs i`rigfägs k` lg dçqunfg.
G[@FINÙF
Lgs gkv`rt`fings pr`i`knkgs pcr `st` sädoclc s` r``r`f `xpr`sgd`ft` g sntugincf`s k` p`lnmrc nfdnf`ft`
icf pcsnol`s kg÷cs bäsnics mrgv`s yg s`g pgrg `l cp`rgkcr icdc pgrg lcs k`dçs qu` s` `fiu`ftrgf
`f lgs i`rigfägs k` lg dçqunfg. Gk`dçs lg bgltg k` gkcpinùf k` lgs pr`iguincf`s intgkgs pu`k` ir`gr
mrgv`s kg÷cs g lg dçqunfg y lg icfsnmun`ft` lndntginùf k` lcs `stçfkgr k` s`murnkgk pgrg lg iugl eg
snkc kns`÷gkg.
NDQC_[GF[@
Lgs gkv`rt`fings pr`i`knkgs pcr `st` sädoclc s` r``r`f `xpr`sgd`ft` g nfbcrdgincf`s tîifnigs y/c
t`ifclùmnigs qu` s` k`o`f r`sp`tgr pgrg ufg utnlnzginùf dçs `igz k` lg dçqunfg. Gk`dçs nftrckui`f
llgdgkgs knr`itgs gl Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftgs YCNLD@I gl iugl `s f`i`sgrnc knrnmnrs` pgrg iuglqun`r p`knkc
k` _@IGDONCY C_NMNFGL@Y c k` GYNY[@FING [ÎIFNIG.
@f `l dgfugl `l d`fsgh` qu` gpgr`i` k`oghc k` lcs sädoclcs pu`k` s`r `sirntc c nlustrgkc icf murgs.
[gdonîf `f lg dçqunfg egf snkc iclcigkgs `sp`ingl`s `tnqu`tgs c tgrh`tgs k` gkv`rt`fing icf cpcrtufgs
nfstruiincf`s scor` lg dgf`rg k` prci`k`r pgrg nk`ftnigr lcs rn`smcs qu`, sn s` suo`stndgf, pu`k`f igusgr
l`sncf`s mrgv`s c dcrtgl`s.
Gl icfstru
icfstruitcr
itcr YCNLD@I fc l` `s pcsnol` pr`v`r tckgs lgs pcsnol`s inriufstgfings qu` pu`k`f
pu` k`f prcvcigr pct`fingl`s
rn`smcs `f lgs `b`itnvgs icfknincf`s k` `dpl`c y k` usc k` lg dçqunfg. Qcr `st` dctnvc lgs gkv`rt`fings, qu`
s` `fiu`ftrgf `f `l pr`s`ft` dgfugl y `f lg dçqunfg, fc pu`k`f icdpr`fk`r tckgs lgs pcsnol`s sntugincf`s
k` rn`smc pct`fingl.
Yn `f lgs knb`r`ft`s cp`rgincf`s, s` gkcptgf prci`kndn`ftcs, e`rrgdn`ftgs y dîtckcs fc `xpr`sgd`ft`
r`icd`fkgkcs pcr `l icfstruitcr YCNLD@I
YCNLD@I, `s nfknsp`fsgol` gs`murgrs` qu` `l trgoghc s`g `b`itugkc `f lcs
lädnt`s k` s`murnkgk p`rscfgl yg s`g k` qun`f lc `b`itøg icdc k` iuglqun`r ctrg p`rscfg. Gk`dçs egy qu` `stgr
s`murcs k` qu` lg dçqunfg fc subrg kg÷cs y qu` fc s` vu`lvg nfs`murg pcr igusg k` prci`kndn`ftcs k` usc,
luorniginùf, dgft`fndn`ftc c r`pgrginùf k` `l`iinùf k`l usugrnc fgl.
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 71/902
@YQG×CL
¡ LGk`
Gøf iugfkc lg dçqunfg `stç prcvnstg DÇWPNFG
igor`stgft`FC @Y PFG
guxnlngr, M_ØG
FC QP@K@ !
FPFIG Y@_ ICFYNK@_GKG PFG
M_PG.
@l igor`stgft` guxnlngr k`o` s`r utnlnzgkc øfnigd`ft` pgrg cp`rgincf`s nfvcluirgkgs `f `l prci`sc k`
p`rbcrginùf icdc lg `l`vginùf k` icdpcf`ft`s k` lg dçqunfg, `qunpcs c gii`scrncs k` p`rbcrginùf.
@l usc k`l igor`stgft` guxnlngr pgrg lg `l`vginùf k` dgt`rngl`s pgrg iuglqun`r ctrc prcpùsntc c k`
p`rscfgs `stç `xpr`sgd`ft` prcenonkc.
Icfknincf`s k`l t`rr`fc8 ³@l t`rr`fc `s ufg sup`rbin` `stgol`3 @l t`rr`fc, lgs sup`rin`s
cp`rgtnvgs c lgs plgtgbcrdgs nf`stgol`s pu`k`f gblchgrs` y
prcvcigr lg nfilnfginùf k` lg dçqunfg. @stc pu`k` prcvcigr `l
k`splgzgdn`ftc k`l ogrni`ftrc k` ufg dgf`rg ndprcvnsg. Qcr lc
tgftc s` gicfs`hg lg dgycr pr`iguinùf iugfkc lg dçqunfg `stç
iclcigkg scor` t`rr`fc, sup`rin`s c plgtgbcrdgs nf`stgol`s.
M`cd`träg k` `l`vginùf8 Qr`st` ufg pgrtniulgr gt`finùf `f `l igsc `f qu` lg igrmg fc s`g
l`vgftgkg v`rtnigld`ft`. L`vgft` lg igrmg l`ftg y ufnbcrd`d`ft`
pgrg `vntgr icfknincf`s k` nf`stgonlnkgk. [`fmg iunkgkc icf lgs
igrmgs csinlgft`s qu` pckrägf igusgr sntugincf`s k` nf`stgonlnkgk
nf`sp`rgkgs pcr igusg k`l dcd`ftc ir`gkc icf lg trgslginùf.
@YQG×CL
Dçqunfg tnpc
G÷c k` bgorniginùf
@YQG×CL
Ndpcrtgft`s
Gkv`rt`fings Ndpcrtgft`s
pgrg `l Dgft`fndn`ftc
Dgft`fndn`ftc y lg _`pgrginùf
Yn bu`rg f`i`sgrnc, `f iuglqun`r igsc, `b`itugr `stgs sclkgkurgs, gtîfmgs` `sirupulcsgd`ft` g lgs snmun`ft`s
gkv`rt`fings pgrg r`kuinr `l rn`smc k` kg÷cs nrr`v`rsnol`s g lcs gpgrgtcs intgkcs.
9 - Icf`it` `l igol` k` tcdg k` tn`rrg k` lg sclkgkcrg g lg zcfg qu` tn`f` qu` sclkgr y, `f iuglqun`r
iuglqun`r igsc, g
d`fcs k` 01 id k` îstg.
; - Iclcqu` `l ocrf` k`l igol` k` tcdg k` tn`rrg k` lg sclkgkcrg lc dçs i`rig pcsnol` k` lg zcfg qu` tn`f`
qu` sclkgr.
0 - Icdpru`o` qu` `l pgsc k` lg icrrn`ft` `lîitrnig k`l igol` k` tcdg k` tn`rrg fc gtrgvn`s` fnfmøf ichnf`t`.
= - Fc `b`itø` sclkgkurgs scor` `l dctcr kn`s`l y/c icdpcf`ft`s nfstglgkcs scor` `l dnsdc dctcr.
5 - Qrct`hg lcs igol`s, lgs pgrt`s `lîitrnigs, `l`itrùfnigs y ctrcs icdpcf`ft`s k`lnigkcs icftrg sglpnigkurgs
y `sicrngs k` sclkgkurg. @f pgrtniulgr, prct`hg lcs s`fscr`s k` lndntgkcr`s ` nfknigkcr`s k` igrmg sn lg
dçqunfg `s `f lg v`rsnùf M_ØG.
> - Qgrg sclkgr dgt`rngl`s knb`r`ft`s, gtîfmgs` g lcs prci`kndn`ftcs k` sclkgkurg fcrdglnzgkcs.
ÄFKNI@ M@F@_GL
@YQG×CL
ÄFKNI@ M@F@_GL
NF[_CKPIINÙF ...............................
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ÄFKNI@ M@F@_GL
@YQG×CL
Y`iinùf K - DGF[@FNDN@F[C
ÄFKNI@ K@ Y@IINÙF .............................
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FC_DGY K@ ICFYPL[GINÙF K@ LG Y@IINÙF ................................................=
[GOLG K@ _@YPD@F DGF[@FNDN@F[C ^ LPO_NIGINÙF .............................79
GKR@_[@FINGY M@F@_GL@Y........... ......................
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_@YPD@F K@ LGY NF[@_R@FINCF@Y KP_GF[@ @L _CKGH@ .....................?9 .....................?9
_@YPD@F K@ LGY NF[@_R@FINCF@Y C_KNFG_NGY ^
@U[_GC_KNFG_NGY
@U[_GC_KNFG_N GY ............
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_@YPD@F K@ LCY
_@YPD@F K@ LCY QPF[CY
QPF[CY K@
K@ GOGY[@INDN@F[
GOGY[@INDN@F[C C ..........
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BNL[_GINÙF ..................................................9> .....90
_@YPD@F K@ LCY QPF[CY K@ LPO_NIGINÙF ............ .......................
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_@YPD@F K@ LCY QPF[CY K@ @FM_GY@ .........................
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Q_CKPI[CY K@ ICFYPDC ......................
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@YQ@INBNIGINCF@Y [ÎIFNIGY K@ _@B@_@FING ........................
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NF[@_R@FINCF@Y
NF[@_R@FINC F@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[
DGF[@FNDN@F[C C ............
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N F[_CKPIINÙF
F[_CKPIINÙF -
- Q
ÇMNFG N
NF[_CKPIINÙF
@YQG×CL
NF[_CKPIINÙF
@st` dgfugl eg snkc r`glnzgkc icf lg nft`finùf k`
prcpcrincfgr nfbcrdgincf`s nfknsp`fsgol`s pgrg gkcptgr
`l prci`kndn`ftc icrr`itc kurgft` lgs bgs`s k` rckgh`,
utnlnzginùf y dgft`fndn`ftc k` su fu`vg p`rbcrgkcrg.
@l r`sp`tc icfstgft` k` lgs fcrdgs icft`fnkgs `f `st`
dgfugl mgrgftnzg d`hcr`s pr`stgincf`s, `icfcdäg k`
bufincfgdn`ftc y ufg lgrmg kurginùf k` lg dçqunfg y p`rdnt`
`vntgr lgs igusgs k` giink`ft`s dçs icduf`s qu` pu`k`f
v`rnigrs` kurgft` `l trgoghc y `l dgft`fndn`ftc.
L`g `l dgfugl icf iunkgkc y tîfmglc g lg dgfc pgrg
buturgs icfsultgincf`s. Yn `f iuglqun`r dcd`ftc f`i`sntg
icfs`hcs scor` su dçqunfg, pùfmgs` `f icftgitc icf `l
Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftg YCNLD@I qu` knspcf` k` Q`rscfgl
tîifnic k` Gsnst`fing, k` _@IGDONCY C_NMNFGL@Y y
k` tckc `l `qunpc f`i`sgrnc pgrg `b`itugr lgs cp`rgincf`s
k` gsnst`fing.
@f lc qu` s` r``r` `xpr`sgd`ft` g lg Y@MP_NKGK, s`
gicfs`hg l``r gt`ftgd`ft` lgs FC_DGY M@F@_GL@Y
icft`fnkgs `f lg Y@IINÙF O y lgs gkv`rt`fings
`sp`iäigs pr`s`ft`s `f igkg igpätulc.
N F[_CKPIINÙF
F[_CKPIINÙF -
- Q
ÇMNFG NN
Q_@Y@F[GINÙF K@L DGFPGL
@YQG×CL
Q_@Y@F[GINÙF K@L DGFPGL
Q@_YCFGL @FIG_MGKC ICF COLNMC K@
ICFYPL[GINÙF
corg
- Cp`rgkcr k`l igdnùf plgtgbcrdg k` trgfspcrt`
- Cp`rgkcr k` lg mrøg gutcprcpulsgkg k` s`rvninc c k` lg
mrøg k` pu`ft`
N F[_CKPIINÙF
F[_CKPIINÙF -
- Q
ÇMNFG NNN
Q_@Y@F[GINÙF K@L DGFPGL
@YQG×CL
@Y[_PI[P_G K@ LCY G_MPD@F[CY
@l dgfugl eg snkc knvnknkc `f Y@IINCF@Y `sp`iäigs.
I-BPFINCFGDN@F[C ^ PYC
I-BPFINCFGDN@F[C
@stg s`iinùf gfglnzg y k`sirno` lcs DGFKCY, lgs
cp`rgincf`s k` [_GFYQC_
[_GFYQC_[@,
[@, DCF[GH@, P[NLNXGINÙF
y K@YDCF[GH@.
K-DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@stg s`iinùf gfglnzg
DGF[@FNDN@F[C y k`sirno` tckgs
C_KNFG_NC, lgs cp`rgincf`syk`
@U[_GC_KNFG_NC lg
utnlnzginùf k` lcs prckuitcs k` icfsudc `sp`iäics.
@h`dplc8
7±FNR@L NF[@_R@FIN
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y
CF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[
DGF[@FNDN@F[C
C
?± Fnv`l IG__C K@ C_PMGY
9± Fnv`l ICF[_CL ^ _@MPLGINÙF [@FYNÙF C_PMGY
9± Fnv`l LNDQN@XG ^ LPO_NIGINÙF [_G
[_GRN@YGY
RN@YGY C_PMGY
9± Fnv`l ICF[_CL GQ_N@[@ [C_FNLL@_NG
c
9± Fnv`l DC[C__@KPI[C_ K@ [_GYLGINÙF
DC[C__@KPI[C_
;± Fnv`l Icftrcl y r`stgol`indn`ftc fnv`l k` gi`nt`
;± Fnv`l Yustntuinùf gi`nt`
N F[_CKPIINÙF
F[_CKPIINÙF -
- Q
ÇMNFG NR
Q_@Y@F[GINÙF K@L DGFPGL
@YQG×CL
ICDQGMNFGINÙF
ÄFKNI@Y
G O
N F[_CKPXNCF@
F[_CKPXNCF@ - Q
GMNFG N
N FBC_DG - Q
FBC_DGXNCFNM@F@_GLN GMNFG ?
NFKNI@ M@F@_GL@
NFKNI@
N[GLNGFC
N[GLNGFC
NF[_CKPXNCF@ ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................NNN Ycddgrnc
G-ÄFKNI@ M@F@_GL
O-ÄFKNI@ K@ Y@IINÙF
N F[_CKPIINÙF
F[_CKPIINÙF -
- Q
ÇMNFG R
Q_@Y@F[GINÙF K@L DGFPGL
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@Y[_PI[P_G K@ LG QÇMNFG
;
N[GLNGFC N[GLNGFC
5
k`ltgppc O.
- Y`rrgr`nl tgpp
tgppc
c O `rnpcsnzncfgr`
c fgr` nltgppc I.
CMFN 011 C_@
YCY[N[PXNCF@ CLNC
- Qr`knsp
Qr`knspcrr
crr` uf r`inpn`ft`
` ft` scttc
t c gl tgp
tgppc
pc k`l tuo
tuoc
c
=
`ssnonl` kn sigrnic @. I
- _nducv`r` nl tgppc kn sgtc I, p `r
`r g m`
m` vc
vc lg r`
r` n l
K
k`ussc k`ll„clnc.
- Icftrcllg
cllgr`
r` ie`l„clnc sngscttc nl lnv`llc
l c k`l tgpp
tgppc
c O,
qunfknrnducv`rlc.
- _nducv`r`
_nducv`r ` nl tgppckn sigrnic
ic @ ` lgsingr` k`unr`
icdpl`tgd`ft`l„clnc:g sigrnicultndgtc rnpcsnzncfgr`
nltgppc.
- Nftrckurr`clncnf qugftntáutnl` kglociie`ttcf` K, fc
g qugfkc nfnzng g b ucrnusinr` kgll„crnznc k`l tgppc O.
- Y`rrgr`nl tgpp
tgppc
c O `rnpcsnzncfgr`nltgppc I.
7 - Lcmctnpc icfstruitcr
? - [ätulc igpätulc
9 - [ätulc s`iinùf
; - Fød`rc k` pçmnfg
0 - Dck`lc dçqunfg, iùknmc dgfugl y fud`rginùf
prcmr`snvg k` tckgs lgs pçmnfgs qu` bcrdgf `l
dgfugl.
2 - [`xtc c tgolg
= - Gkv`rt`fings `sp`iäigs
5 - Bnmurg
F[_CKPIINÙF -
- Q
N F[_CKPIINÙF ÇMNFG RN
Q_@Y@F[GINÙF K@L DGFPGL
@YQG×CL
PFNKGK@Y K@ D@KNKG
Lgs ufnkgk`s k` d`knkg gkcptgkgs `f `st` dgfugl egi`f
r`b`r`fing g lgs icfv`fincf`s k`l Ynst`dg Nft`rfgincfgl
k` Pfnkgk`s (YN).
_@RNYNCF@Y
Lgs nfbcrdgincf`s icft`fnkgs `f `st` dgfugl `stçf
ogsgkgs `f lc qu` `xnst` k` knspcfnol` `f `l dcd`ftc
k` su icdpnlginùf.
@YQG×CL
Y`iinùf G
NFBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG ?
ÄFKNI@ K@ Y@IINÙF
@YQG×CL
Äfkni` k` Y`iinùf
_@B@_@FINGY ICFR@FINCFGL@Y.............................
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QCYNINÙF K@ LG DÇWPNFG .......................................................................................................;
YNDOCLCMÄG P[NLNXGKG...................
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Y@MP_NKGK ...................................................................................
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BPFINCFGDN@F[C ....................................................................................................................................................
BPFINCFGDN@F[C .......................................................................................... .......................................................... 0
DGF[@FNDN@F[C ............................................................................................
DGF[@FNDN@F[C ......................................................................................................................................................
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_@FKNDN@F[CY
_@FKNDN@F[CY ............
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.....9?
Q@_BC_GINÙF ..........................................................................................................................9?
_GKNC K@ [_GOGHC GP[C_NXGKC....................
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........................9?
..9?
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG 9
ÄFKNI@ K@ Y@IINÙF
@YQG×CL
LÄDN[@Y K@ PYC...........
PYC......................
.......................
........................
.......................
.......................
........................
.......................
.................99
......99
LÄDN[@Y GDON@F[GL@Y
GDON@F[GL@Y ......................
...........................................
...........................................
............................................
...........................................99
.....................99
R@LCINKGK K@L RN@F[C
RN@F[C .....................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.................................................. 9;
Q@FKN@F[@Y DÇUNDGY GP[C_NXGKGY ^ Q_@YNCF@Y GL YP@LC ....................................90
.................................. ..90
DÇWPNFG @F ICFBNMP_GINÙF K@ [_GFYQC_[@ ......................
............................................
........................................90
..................90
DÇWPNFG @F ICFBNMP_GINÙF K@ [_GYLGINÙF ...................
.........................................
............................................
......................92
92
DÇWPNFG @F ICFBNMP_GINÙF K@ [_GOGHC .....................................................................9=
LÄDN[@Y K@ @DQL@C K@L IGO_@Y[GF[@
IGO_@Y[GF[@ GPUNLNG_ ......................
............................................
....................................95
..............95
PYC Q_@RNY[C...........
......................
.......................
........................
.......................
.......................
........................
........................
...................;1
.......;1
MG_GF[ÄG ............................................................................................................;9
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG ;
_@B@_@FINGY ICFR@FINCFGL@Y
@YQG×CL
_@B@_@FINGY ICFR@FINCFGL@Y
QCYNINÙF K@ LG DÇWPNFG
@
O
G B
Icf `l f k` k`hgr ilgrc y snf `qunvcigincf`s iuglqun`r
r`b`r`fing e`ieg g icftnfuginùf `f `st` dgfugl, lg
murg y lg tgolg snmun`ft`s icfsnk`rgf tckgs
tckg s lgs pcsnol`s
zcfgs k` lg dçqunfg, t`fn`fkc `f iu`ftg qu` `l LGKC
K@_@IEC y `l LGKC NXWPN@_KC s` r``r`f g lg
pcsninùf k`l cp`rgkcr s`ftgkc `f lg igonfg.
Qcs. Xcfg k`
k` r`
r`b`r`fing
G Xcfg k`lgft`rg
O Xcfg trgs`rg
I Xcfg nfb`rncr
K Xcfg sup`rncr
@ Lgkc k`r`iec
B Lgkc nzqun`rkc
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG 0
_@B@_@FINGY ICFR@FINCFGL@Y
@YQG×CL
YNDOCLCMÄG P[NLNXGKG
Y@MP_NKGK
IGLICDGFÄGY ^ QLGIGY K@ GKR@_[@FING. RN@[G[C IN_ICLG_@ C YCY[G_@ F@L Wu`stg tgrme`ttg giicdpgmfgtg kg qu`llg m`f`rnig (v`kn
; pcs.7) `splnig f`llg lnfmug k`l Qg`s` kn utnlnzzgzncf` k`llg
_GMMNC KN GXNCF@ K@LLG DGIIENFG
dgiienfg, nl tnpc kn gvv`rt`fzg kn iun t`f`r` icftc nf ufg
sp`inbnig zcfg k`llg dgiienfg st`ssg.
1>0915>?
1>090102
QG_[N YP__NYIGLKG[@
Wu`stg tgrme`ttg s`mfglg lg pr`s`fzg kn `l`d`ftn k`llg
dgiienfg ie` pctr`oo`rc rnsultgr` surrnsiglkgtn nf
5 k`t`rdnfgt` icfknzncfn k„ndpn`mc. Fcrdgld`ft` scfc
pr`s`ftn f`ll` zcf` k`l snl`fzngtcr` ` k`l icll`ttcr` kn
sigrnic k`l dctcr` t`rdnic. Qr`stgr` lg dgssndg
gtt`fzncf`.
1>090127
BPFINCFGDN@F[C
- BPFINCFGDN@F[C ^ PYC.
@f pgrtniulgr, icfsult` gt`ftgd`ft` `l igpätulc DGFKCY
F Ienusurg infmclc
YD17.?1 YD>5.1;
71 D gf
gf np cl
cl gt
gt cr ` F`utrc
@ NFY[_PD@F[CY.
NFY[_PD@F[CY
F
YD>5.12
F Gp`rturg infmclc
YD17.7> YD>5.10
Gonlntgzncf`
dgft`futc scll`vgtc)
YD15.10 YD>5.77
7 1G
1G Q cd `l lc
Nfnonzncf`
rnlgsingtc)
YD15.12 YD>5.7?
Y`l`zncf` vglcr`
nftuogtcr`
YD?0.1= YD>5.70
77 Y `l` t cr `
Y`l`zncf` vglcr`
nftuogtcr`
YD?0.15 YD>5.72
Yvcltg g vgftn g
F F infmclc b`rdc)
YD17.15 YD>5.50
YD17.1> YD>5.52
Yvcltg g vgftn g
F F infmclc b`rdc)
YD17.1= YD>5.5=
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG 2
_@B@_@FINGY ICFR@FINCFGL@Y
@YQG×CL
DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@f pgrtniulgr, icfsult` gt`ftgd`ft` `l igpätulc QLGIGY gllc sicpc kn nfknigr` icf rgmncf`vcl` ndd`kngt`zzg lg
zcfg kn pcsnzncfgd`ftc kn ufc sp`inbnic `l`d`ftc sul
qugl` sgrá f`i`ssgrnc nft`rv`fnr`.
Lg tgo`llg s`mu`ft` nfkninzzg l` tgrme` l`mgfkcl` gl
M_PQQC BPFXNCFGL@ kn gppgrt`f`fzg (v`kn K-71 .).
71.).
DC[C_@ [@_DNIC
DC[C_@ [@_DNIC
7 Rglvclg kn sigrnic s`rogtcnc 5
Gstnfg kn lnv`llc clnc luornbnigft`
icdoustnonl`
DC[C_@ [@_DNIC
[gppc kn nftrckuzncf` s`rogtcnc
DC[C_@ [@_DNIC
icdoustnonl`
? > Rglvclg/` kn sigrnic dnsi`lg kn
[uogzncf` `l`ttrcpcdpg kn
rgbbr`kkgd`ftc
rnbcrfnd`ftc icdoustnonl` (s`
nfstgllgtg c nf kctgzncf`)
1>09 011= 1>09 0117
DC[C_@ [@_DNIC
DC[C_@ [@_DNIC [gppc g pr`ssncf` p`r
9 71
Bnltrc/n icdoustnonl` nftrckuzncf` dnsi`lg kn
rgbbr`kkgd`ftc
1>09 0177 1>09 0112
DC[C_@ [@_DNIC
0 7? _NKP[[C_N-GIICQQNG[C_N
[gppc kn sigrnic icppg clnc
[gppc kn sigrnic clnc luornbnigft`
luornbnigft`
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG =
NK@F[NBNIGINÙF DÇWPNFG
@YQG×CL
NK@F[NBNIGINÙF K@ LG DÇWPNFG K@YNMFGINÙF K@ LG DÇWPNFG
ICFY[_PI[C_ • K`snmfginùf/Bufinùf8 Q`rbcrgkcrg
• nfinùf icd`ringl8 Y_-91
Dck`lc/[npc/K`fcdnfinùf
Dck`lc/[npc/K`fcd
YCNLD@I Y.p.g.
Krnllnfm gfk Bcufkgtncf @qunpd`ft Lg dçqunfg pu`k` s`r `qunpgkg k` dgf`rg knb`r`ft`
• ogrr`fg icftnfug
• e`rrgdn`ftg
• snst`dg pull-kcwf k` igol`.
NDQC_[GF[@
@l pr`s`ft` dgfugl k`sirno` lg dçqunfg `f
v`rsnùf J`lly: pgrg lcs `qunpcs knb`r`ft`s intgkcs
gft`rncd`ft` egmg r`b`r`fing g lgs s`iincf`s
cpincfgl`s `sp`iäigs k`l pr`s`ft` dgfugl qu`
s` gkhuftgrçf `f bufinùf k` lg v`rsnùf dçqunfg
`ftr`mgkg gl usugrnc.
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG 5
NK@F[NBNIGINÙF DÇWPNFG
@YQG×CL
[G_H@[GY K@ NK@F[NBNIGINÙF
Lg dçqunfg y sus prnfinpgl`s icdpcf`ft`s `stçf
nk`ftnigkcs pcr fød`rcs k` dgträiulg c k` bçornig,
ndpr`scs scor` lgs tgrh`tgs c knr`itgd`ft` scor` `l
icdpcf`ft`.
@stcs kgtcs s`rvnrçf prnfinpgld`ft` pgrg knglcmgr
snf `qunvcigincf`s icf `l Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftgs
YCNLD@I `f igsc k` llgdgkg pgrg nft`rv`fincf`s k`
GYNY[@FING [ÎIFNIG c k` `ftr`mg k` _@IGDONCY
C_NMNFGL@Y. G O
G -
@stg plgig gplnigkg knr`itgd`ft` scor` lg dçqunfg
icftn`f` lcs kgtcs k` nk`ftniginùf prnfinpgl`s
7. Kgtcs icfstruitcr 7
YCNLD@I Y.p.G.
?. K`snmfginùf dçqunfg Rng Knsdgfc, 057>
;=0?? I`s`fg (BI)
>
- Ntgly
9. Dck`lc/tnpc/k`fcdnfginùf icd`ringl
? DGK@ NF @P - N[GL^
;. Fød`rc k` sîrn`
0. G÷c k` bgorniginùf 9
2. Qct`fing fcdnfgl (`f j])
=. Dgsg (`f jm) ; 5
5. Iùknmc 0
>. Dgrqugkc I@8 Lg dçqunfg iudpl` icf tckgs lgs
2
knspcsnincf`s p`rtnf`ft`s k` lg Krv Ds
?112/;?/I@: `l dgrigkc I@ qu` s` iclcig =
knr`itgd`ft` scor` lg plgig k` nk`ftniginùf k` lg G
dçqunfg i`rtnig knieg icfbcrdnkgk.
Iccrknfgtrni` fgzncfgl`
p`r l„ P.F.N k`ll` fcrdgtnv`
kn sniur`zzg `urcp``
(I@@-I.@.F.)
O
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG >
NK@F[NBNIGINÙF DÇWPNFG
@YQG×CL
C[_GY [G_H@[GY K@ NK@F[NBNIGINÙF
Lgs tgrh`tgs k` nk`ftniginùf k` lcs icdpcf`ft`s
icd`ringl`s nfstglgkcs `f lg dçqunfg (ocdogs, dctcr`s
enkrçulnics, r`kuitcr`s, `ti.) `stçf knr`itgd`ft`
gplnigkgs scor` lcs dnsdcs icdpcf`ft`s, `f lcs puftcs
kcfk` lcs r`sp`itnvcs bgornigft`s lgs egf iclcigkc
crnmnfgld`ft` (vîgs` kciud`ftginùf r`lgtnvg).
- ?11;/715/I@ - Icdpgtnonln
Icdpgtnonlnkgk
kgk `l`itrcdgmfîtn
`l`itrcdgmfîtnig
ig
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG 71
K@YI_NQINÙF M@F@_GL ^ KG[CY [ÎIFNICY
@YQG×CL
K@YI_NQINÙF M@F@_GL ^ KG[CY
[ÎIFNICY
K@YI_NQINÙF M@F@_GL
Lg dçqunfg
kns`÷gkg Y_-91
pgrg lg `s ufg
p`rbcrginùf p`rbcrgkcrg
k`l t`rr`fc
t`r enkrçulnig
r`fc y lg `h`iuinùf k`
pnlct`s k` ecrdnmùf icf c snf grdgkurgs y icf `v`ftugl
`ftuoginùf (igsnfm).
Q@LNM_C
[ckcs lcs trgoghcs intgkcs gft`rncrd`ft` pu`k`f
s`r `b`itugkcs sùlc k`ftrc k` lcs lädnt`s y s`møf
lgs dckglnkgk`s nlustrgkcs `f `st` dgfugl. @stç
prcenonkc r`glnzgr trgoghcs pcr lcs iugl`s lg dçqunfg
dçqunfg
fc eg snkc kns`÷gkg. Iuglqun`r ctrg utnlnzginùf k` lg
dçqunfg s` icfsnk`rg icftrgrng gl usc pr`vnstc y,
pcr icfsnmun`ft`, ndprcpng y `xnd` gl icfstruitcr
k` iuglqun`r r`spcfsgonlnkgk `f igsc k` kg÷cs
ndputgol`s g uf usc ndprcpnc k` lg dçqunfg.
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG 7
77
7
K@YI_NQINÙF M@F@_GL ^ KG[CY [ÎIFNICY
@YQG×CL
[@_DNFCLCMÄG K@ LCY Q_NFINQGL@Y ICDQCF@F[@Y
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG 7?
K@YI_NQINÙF M@F@_GL ^ KG[CY [ÎIFNICY
@YQG×CL
Qcs. K`sirnpinùf
7 Igrrc k` crumgs
? Igonfg
9 [nrgft` k` `l`vginùf
; E`rrgdn`ftg
0 Ycpcrt` dçstnl
2 Ornkg k` grrgstr` tuo`räg k` r`v`stndn`ftc (c ornkg k` gp`rturg “ouij`t—)
= Ogrrg t`l`siùpnig (j`lly)
5 D`sg rctgtcrng
> Igo`zg k` muäg ogrrg j`lly
71 @l`d`ftc k` rctginùf
77 @l`d`ftc sup`rncr dçstnl icf igo`zg
7? Olcqu`c k` r``fväc igol` prnfinpgl
79 Dçstnl
7; Igor`stgft` guxnlngr
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG 79
K@YI_NQINÙF M@F@_GL ^ KG[CY [ÎIFNICY
@YQG×CL
KG[CY [ÎIFNICY K@ LCY M_PQCY
Q_NFINQGL@Y
IG__C K@ C_PMGY
Lg
lg utnlnzginùf
dçqunfg snf k`l gfiec k` väg däfndc
prcol`dgs: p`rdnt`
`l gfiec k` vägtrgfspcrtgr
dçxndc
`s colnmgtcrnc `f tckgs lgs bgs`s cp`rgtnvgs nfilusc lg
pu`stg `f s`rvninc y `l trgslgkc.
@l igrrc s` `ftr`mg icdpl`tc icf gicplgdn`ftcs
d`içfnics pgrg lg nfstglginùf k` uf `qunpc csinlgkcr k`
`ftuoginùf. Lg pr`knspcsninùf enkrçulnig s` `b`itøg oghc ?
p`knkc.
[`rdnfclcmäg8 ; 9 0 7
7) Dctcrr`kuitcr k` trgslginùf
?) _u`kg dctrnz
9) _cknllc nfb`rncr 2
;) [`fscr k` crumgs
0) _cknllc sup`rncr =
2) Inlnfkrc k` gp`rturg trgvn`sg
=) [rgvn`sg t`l`siùpnig
5) Huftg enkrçulnig rctgtcrng
KG[CY [ÎIFNICY
Gfiec pgtnf`s 211 dd
Gfiec icf crumgs `str`iegkgs ?001 dd
Gfiec icf crumgs `fsgfiegkgs 9=11 dd
Lcfmntuk tctgl ;071 dd
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG 7;
K@YI_NQINÙF M@F@_GL ^ KG[CY [ÎIFNICY
@YQG×CL
[C__@[G
[`rdnfclcmäg8
7) Igonfg
?) Mrupc igor`stgft`s
9) K`pùsntc igrourgft`
= 2
;) K`pùsntc gi`nt` enkrçulnic 9
0) Dctcr
2) Nfstglginùf `lîitrnig
=) Nfstglginùf enkrçulnig
; 0
KG[CY [ÎIFNICY
_ctginùf scor` icrcfg k` mnrc 921±
R`lcinkgk k` rctginùf 9 r.p.d.
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG 70
K@YI_NQINÙF M@F@_GL ^ KG[CY [ÎIFNICY
@YQG×CL
DC[C_ KN@Y@L
KG[CY [ÎIFNICY
Dgrig IPDDNFY
[npc WYO 2.=
Inilc k` bufincfgd`ftc kn`s`l, ; tn`dpcs
Glnd`ftginùf scor`glnd`ftgkc - r`brnm`rginùf nft`rd`kng
F± inlnfkrcs 2 `f läf`g
Knçd`trc nft`rncr -
Igrr`rg -
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG 72
K@YI_NQINÙF M@F@_GL ^ KG[CY [ÎIFNICY
@YQG×CL
NFY[GLGINÙF ENK_ÇPLNIG
NDQC_[GF[@
G `st` dgfugl s` gkhuftg `l `squ`dg enkrçulnic
k` lg dçqunfg gl iugl s` r`dnt` `l l`itcr pgrg dçs
k`tgll`s.
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG 7=
K@YI_NQINÙF M@F@_GL ^ KG[CY [ÎIFNICY
@YQG×CL
NFY[GLGINÙF @LÎI[_NIG
NDQC_[GF[@
G `st` dgfugl s` gkhuftg `l `squ`dg `lîitrnic
k` lg dçqunfg gl iugl s` r`dnt` `l l`itcr pgrg dçs
k`tgll`s.
KG[CY [ÎIFNICY
[`fsnùf k` glnd`ftginùf ?; RKI
Ogt`rägs f± ? k` 7?R - 7;1 Ge >01 G (@F)
Glt`rfgkcr =1 G
Dctcr k` grrgfqu` 9,= j]
Fcrdgs @F 21?1;-7 I@N
- Icdpcf`ft`s icfbcrd`s g lgs fcrdgs scor` lg icdpgtnonlnkgk `l`itrcdgmfîtnig
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG 75
K@YI_NQINÙF M@F@_GL ^ KG[CY [ÎIFNICY
@YQG×CL
IGO_@Y[GF[@ Q_NFINQGL
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG 7>
K@YI_NQINÙF M@F@_GL ^ KG[CY [ÎIFNICY
@YQG×CL
IGO_@Y[GF[@ GPUNLNG_
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG ?1
K@YI_NQINÙF M@F@_GL ^ KG[CY [ÎIFNICY
@YQG×CL
INF@DG[NYDC
[`rdnfclcmäg8
7) Igogll`t` k` `l`vginùf
?) Ycpcrt` dçstnl
9) Inlnfkrc orgzc
;) Orgzc
?
9
7
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG ?7
K@YI_NQINÙF M@F@_GL ^ KG[CY [ÎIFNICY
@YQG×CL
DÇY[NL ^ IGO@XG
[`rdnfclcmäg8
7) @l`d`ftc sup`rncr icf igo`zg
?) @l`d`ftc i`ftrgl k`l dçstnl
9) Inlnfkrcs dçstnl
;) Olcqu` k` r``fväc igol` prnfinpgl ;
KG[CY [ÎIFNICY
Lcfmntuk `l`d`ftc sup`rncr dçstnl icf igo`zg 9;51 dd
Lcfmntuk `l`d`ftc i`ftrgl dçstnl 7??>1 dd
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG ??
K@YI_NQINÙF M@F@_GL ^ KG[CY [ÎIFNICY
@YQG×CL
YNY[@DG K@ @DQPH@ ICF INLNFK_C
G
O
KG[CY [ÎIFNICY
[npc icf inlnfkrc enkrçulnic
Igrr`rg dçxndg 9011 dd
@dpuh` dçxndc (kurgft` enfigkc) 717,5 jF
[rgiinùf dçxndg kurgft` `xtrgiinùf 7?9,= jF
R`lcinkgk k` suonkg/oghgkg 0,= / =,; d/dnf
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG ?9
K@YI_NQINÙF M@F@_GL ^ KG[CY [ÎIFNICY
@YQG×CL
D@YG _C[G[C_NG
[`rdnfclcmäg8
7) _`kuitcr k` ogs`
?) Dctcrr`kuitcr sup`rncr 7
9) [gdpùf k` gpcyc ogrrg j`lly
;) Dctcrr`kuitcr nfb`rncr (sn pr`s`ft`) =
0) Muägs
2) Igrrc k`
k` k`slnzgdn`ftc
k`slnzgdn`ftc d`sg rctgtcrng
icf pgtnf`s
=) @h` igrkçfnic*
5) Ornkg k` grrgstr` tuo`räg* / Ornkg k` gp`rturg ;
“ouij`t—
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG ?;
K@YI_NQINÙF M@F@_GL ^ KG[CY [ÎIFNICY
@YQG×CL
OG__G [@L@YIÙQNIG J@LL^
[`rdnfclcmäg8
7)
?) Chgl k` gicplgdn`ftc
[gdpùf (pgrg
(k` gpcyc scor` `l`d`ftc
d`sg mnrgtcrnc)
rctgtcrng) ;
9) @l`d`ftc `xt`rncr
;) @l`d`ftc nft`rd`knc
0) Lnstùf k` grrgstr`
2) @l`d`ftc nft`rncr
=) Du`ll` k` bcfkc
5) [`rdnfgl k` gicplgdn`ftc e`rrgdn`ftg
>) Igo`zg k` muäg (*) 2
(*) Fc k`o` icfsnk`rgrs` pgrt` nft`mrgft` k` lg ogrrg
j`lly.
=
5
L
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG ?0
K@YI_NQINÙF M@F@_GL ^ KG[CY [ÎIFNICY
@YQG×CL
KG[CY [ÎIFNICY
Knçd`trc `l`d`ftc `xt`rncr8 õ 900 dd
Qrcbufk. Q`sc B L
J`ll
J`llyy knsp
knspcf
cfno
nol`
l`ss tnpc
tnpc Knd`
Knd`fs
fsnc
ncf`
f`ss
(d) (jm) (dd) (dd)
occ c 9x> ?;,> 9711 71=>; ?2;11
occ c 9x77 ?5,? 9011 7?;9; ?>=11
olcqu`c d`içfnic ;x=,0 ?0,9 ?>11 50;0 ?2511
olcqu`c d`içfnic ;x> 9;,1 9911 >>>1 90011
UO 771/]
olcqu`c d`içfnic ;x77 95,; 9>11 77291 9>>11
olcqu`c d`içfnic ;x7?,0 ;0,7 ;;11 79?=0 ;2211
occ c 0x=,0 97,2 9=11 5901 99711
olcqu`c d`içfnic ;x77 95,; 9>11 77291 9>>11
UO 771/U olcqu`c d`içfnic ;x> 9;,1 9911 >>>0 90011
olcqu`c d`içfnic ;x> 9;,1 9911 7115= 90011
olcqu`c d`içfnic ;x77 95,; 9>11 770>1 9>>11
UO 771/Y
olcqu`c d`içfnic ;x77 95,; 9>11 77=7= 9>>11
olcqu`c d`içfnic ;x77 95,0 9>11 7759; ;1111
olcqu`c d`içfnic ;x> 9?,1 9911 >>>1 99011
olcqu`c d`içfnic ;x71 92,1 9211 71>>1 9=011
olcqu`c d`içfnic ;x77 95,2 9>11 77291 ;1711
UO 751/]
olcqu`c d`içfnic ;x77 95,2 9>11 77291 ;1711
olcqu`c d`içfnic 0x> 9>,5 ;911 >>>1 ;7911
olcqu`c d`içfnic 0x77 ;5,? 0711 77291 ;>=11
brniinùf ;x2 75,5 ?;11 22=1 ?1911
brniinùf ;x=,0 ?0,9 ?>11 5901 ?2511
UB 771/]
brniinùf ;x> 9?,1 9911 >>>1 99011
brniinùf ;x77 95,2 9>11 77291 ;1711
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG ?2
K@YI_NQINÙF M@F@_GL ^ KG[CY [ÎIFNICY
@YQG×CL
Qrcbufk. Q`sc B L
J`ll
J`llyy knsp
knspcf
cfno
nol`
l`ss tnpc
tnpc Knd`
Knd`fs
fsnc
ncf`
f`ss
(d) (jm) (dd) (dd)
k` brniinùf 0x5,0 95,9 ;711 >2?1 9>511
k` brniinùf 0x> 9>,5 ;911 >>>1 ;7911
UB 711/]
k` brniinùf 0x71 ;0,7 ;=11 71>>1 ;0711
UB 7;1/] k
k`
` bbrrnniiiinnù
ùf
f 0
;xx7
77
7 ;
95
5,,?
2 0
;7
11
11
1 7
77
72
2991
1 ;
;>
1=
71
11
1
Icf d`sg rctgtcrng oghgkg y e`rrgdn`ftg g E47011 dd (knstgfing d`knkg k`l gmuh`rc g lg puftg k` lg
e`rrgdn`ftg).
G[@FINÙF
Qgrg `l usc k` lgs j`lly s`dnf`mrgs, knrähgs` gl
Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftg YCNLD@I.
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG ?=
KND@FYNCF@Y ^ Q@YCY
@YQGFÐL
KND@FYNCF@Y ^ Q@YCY
DÇWPNFG @F ICFBNMP_GINÙF K@ [_GOGHC
)
—
f
w
c
k
-
l
l
u
p
1 “
1 c
0 r
9 k
f
n
l
n
i
g
r
`
r
r
g
i
(
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG ?5
KND@FYNCF@Y ^ Q@YCY
@YQGFÐL
NDQC_[GF[@
@l p`sc s` r``r` g ufg dçqunfg `qunpgkg icf
j`lly k` olcqu`c d`içfnic ;x77d, `h` igrkçfnic
y ornkg k` grrgstr` tuo`räg k` r`v`stndn`ftc snf
e`rrgdn`ftg k` p`rbcrginùf.
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG ?>
KND@FYNCF@Y ^ Q@YCY
@YQGFÐL
DÇWPNFG @F ICFBNMP_GINÙF K@ [_GFYQC_[@
NDQC_[GF[@
Lg icfmurginùf k` trgfspcrt` k` lg dçqunfg
pu`k` vgrngr `f r`lginùf g `xnm`fings k` trgfspcrt`
(knd`fsncf`s y p`sc k`l v`eäiulc k` trgfspcrt`) y g
lcs `l`d`ftcs nfstglgkcs scor` lg dçqunfg `f knieg
icfmurginùf.
NDQC_[GF[@
Yn lg dçqunfg k`o` s`r trgfspcrtgkg `f icfknincf`s
knb`r`ft`s k` lg nfknigkg `f murg, igliul` k` fu`vc
`l p`sc tctgl suostrgy`fkc `l p`sc k` lcs knstnftcs
icdpcf`ft`s qu` pu`k`f k`sdcftgrs` (vîgs`
pçrrgbc “Qrnfinpgl`s `l`d`ftcs k`sdcftgol`s—).
k`sdcftgol`s—).
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG 91
KND@FYNCF@Y ^ Q@YCY
@YQGFÐL
Q_NFINQGL@Y @L@D@F[CY
K@YDCF[GOL@Y
Knd`fsncf`s (L x G x E) 4 =51x=51x951 dd
Q`sc gprcx. 4 700 jm
Knd`fsncf`s (L x G x E) 4 7911x7911x;;1 dd
Q`sc gprcx. 4 091 jm
Knd`fsncf`s (L x G x E) 4 2=1x2=1x751 dd
Q`sc gprcx. 4 7;1 jm
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG 97
KND@FYNCF@Y ^ Q@YCY
@YQGFÐL
@l`d`ftc k` rctginùf
Knd`fsncf`s (L x G x E) 4 011x721x721 dd
Q`sc gprcx. 4 =1 jm
Knd`fsncf`s (L x G x E) 4 77=5x5=1x9>0
77=5x5=1x9>0 dd
Q`sc gprcx. 4 ?;1 jm
NDQC_[GF[@
NDQC_[GF[@
Qgrg lgs knd`fsncf`s y `l p`sc k` lgs knb`r`ft`s
ogrrgs j`lly, egmg r`b`r`fing gl pçrrgbc “OG__G
[@L@YIÙQNIG J@LL^—.
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
N FBC_DGINCF@Y ÇMNFG 9?
_@FKNDN@F[CY
@YQG×CL
_@FKNDN@F[CY
Q@_BC_GINÙF
NDQC_[GF[@
Lg prcbufknkgk dçxndg qu` s` pu`k` gligfzgr kurgft` lg p`rbcrginùf k`p`fk` k` kcs knstnftcs bgitcr`s8
• `l tnpc k` ogrrg j`lly `dpl`gkc
• lg e`rrgdn`ftg (gltc)
Yn, pcr `h`dplc, s` utnlnzg ufg e`rrgdn`ftg icf lcfmntuk tctgl k` 7011 dd, pgrg icfci`r lg prcbufknkgk
dçxndg qu` s` pu`k` gligfzgr `f r`lginùf gl tnpc k` j`lly nfstglgkc, egmg r`b`r`fing gl igpätulc “Ogrrg
t`l`siùpnic J`lly— `f lg pr`s`ft` s`iinùf.
Q@LNM_C
Q@LNM_C
@stç prcenonkc utnlnzgr rgkncs k` trgoghc _L sup`rncr`s
gl rgknc dçxndc gkdnsnol` kurgft` tckgs lgs bgs`s
cp`rgtnvgs k` lg dçqunfg, `s k`inr8
- p`rbcrginùf:
- usc k`l igor`stgft` guxnlngr:
- trgslgkc icf ogrrg j`lly y e`rrgdn`ftg:
- iclciginùf icf ogrrg j`lly y e`rrgdn`ftg.
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
N FBC_DGINCF@Y ÇMNFG 99
LÄDN[@Y K@ PYC
@YQG×CL
LÄDN[@Y K@ PYC
LÄDN[@Y GDON@F[GL@Y
Icmr sr
G[@FINÙF
Y` prceäo` utnlnzgr lg dçqunfg sn lcs lädnt`s
gdon`ftgl`s fc icrr`spcfk`f g lcs pr`vnstcs pgrg lg
bgs` cp`rgtnvg. Gft`s k` pcf`r `f s`rvninc lg dçqunfg,
icdpru`o` qu` kurgft` `l `stgincfgdn`ftc c lg
pgrgkg prclcfmgkg, lcs lädnt`s gdon`ftgl`s pr`vnstcs
pcr `l icfstruitcr fc egygf snkc scor`pgsgkcs.
G[@FINÙF
@f `l igsc `f qu` s` pr`v`g ufg `xpcsninùf
prclcfmgkg gl scl, s` gicfs`hg prct`m`r lg dçqunfg
icf ufg ico`rturg pgrg `vntgr qu` lg t`dp`rgturg
`f lg igonfg y `f `l icdpgrtndn`ftc dctcr sup`r`
`l vglcr dçxndc gutcrnzgkc qu` s` nfknig `f `st`
dgfugl.
NDQC_[GF[@
Egmg r`b`r`fing gl dgfugl k` usc y dgft`fndn`ftc
k`l dctcr qu` s` gkhuftg gl pr`s`ft` dgfugl. Qgrg
nfbcrdgincf`s
nfbcrdginc f`s r`lgtnvgs g icfmurgincf`s `sp`ingl`s
k` lg dçqunfg icf t`dp`rgturgs gdon`ft`s knb`r`ft`s
k` lgs nfknigkgs, knrähgs` gl Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftgs
Ycnld`i.
NDQC_[GF[@
@f bufinùf k` lgs t`dp`rgturgs pr`vnstgs tgftc `f lg
bgs` cp`rgtnvg icdc k` `stgincfgdn`ftc, lg dçqunfg
k`o`rç s`r gk`iugkg utnlnzgfkc tnpcs knb`r`ft`s k`
gi`nt` enkrçulnic, gi`nt` luornigft` y icfi`ftrgincf`s
knb`r`ft`s k` gftnicfm`lgft` pgrg `l `fbrngdn`ftc k`l
dctcr. Icfsult` `l igpätulc r`lgtnvc g lcs prckuitcs
k` icfsudc pgrg dçs nfbcrdgincf`s.
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
N FBC_DGINCF@Y ÇMNFG 9;
LÄDN[@Y K@ PYC
@YQG×CL
R@LCINKGK K@L RN@F[C
NDQC_[GF[@
Y` gicfs`hg icftrclgr lgs pr`vnsncf`s d`t`crclùmnigs igkg käg pgrg gftninpgr icfknincf`s k` vn`ftc gfcrdgl
c k` dgl tn`dpc.
(*) v`lcinkgk k`l vn`ftc g ufg glturg k` 71 d`trcs scor` t`rr`fc llgfc
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
N FBC_DGINCF@Y ÇMNFG 90
LÄDN[@Y K@ PYC
@YQG×CL
Q@FKN@F[@Y DÇUNDGY GP[C_NXGKGY ^ Q_@YNCF@Y GL YP@LC
NDQC_[GF[@
Icf `l`d`ftc sup`rncr k`l dçstnl pl`mgkc,
lg dçqunfg pu`k` s`r icfkuinkg scor`
p`fkn`ft`s k` ?1±.
7?± dgx.
5± dgx.
9± dgx. 9± dgx.
Q@LNM_C Q@LNM_C
@stç prcenonkc `xi`k`r lcs lädnt`s dçxndcs Icdpru`o` qu` `l t`rr`fc `stî fnv`lgkc y t`fmg
nfknigkcs `f `st` dgfugl. ufg igpginkgk k` igrmg suin`ft` pgrg lcs vglcr`s
k` pr`snùf gl su`lc k`tgllgkcs pgrg lgs knb`r`ft`s
G[@FINÙF icfmurgincf`s k` lg dçqunfg.
Knrähgs` colnmgtcrngd`ft` gl Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftgs
YCNLD@I `f igsc k` icfknincf`s k`l t`rr`fc
knb`r`ft`s k` lgs nfknigkgs.
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
N FBC_DGINCF@Y ÇMNFG 92
LÄDN[@Y K@ PYC
@YQG×CL
DÇWPNFG @F ICFBNMP_GINÙF K@ [_GYLGINÙF
9± dgx. 9± dgx.
Q@LNM_C Q@LNM_C
@stç prcenonkc `xi`k`r lcs lädnt`s dçxndcs Kurgft` `l trgfspcrt` `s colnmgtcrnc8
nfknigkcs `f `st` dgfugl. - iclcigr lg d`sg rctgtcrng `f lg pcsninùf
pcsninùf dçs oghg
pcsnol`
G[@FINÙF - pcsnol`
icdprcogr qu`rctginùf
qu`
glmufg lg tcrr`tgndpr`vnstg
nd`stî olcqu`gkg y fc s`g
pr`vnstg
Knrähgs` colnmgtcrngd`ft` gl Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftgs
YCNLD@I `f igsc k` icfknincf`s k`l t`rr`fc - prci`k`r icf `l dçxndc iunkgkc.
iunkgkc.
knb`r`ft`s k` lgs nfknigkgs.
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
N FBC_DGINCF@Y ÇMNFG 9=
LÄDN[@Y K@ PYC
@YQG×CL
DÇWPNFG @F ICFBNMP_GINÙF K@ [_GOGHC
9± dgx. 9± dgx.
9± dgx. 9± dgx.
Q@LNM_C Q@LNM_C
@stç prcenonkc `xi`k`r lcs lädnt`s dçxndcs Icdpru`o` qu` `l t`rr`fc `stî fnv`lgkc y t`fmg
nfknigkcs `f `st` dgfugl. ufg igpginkgk k` igrmg suin`ft` pgrg lcs vglcr`s
k` pr`snùf gl su`lc k`tgllgkcs pgrg lgs knb`r`ft`s
icfmurgincf`s k` lg dçqunfg.
G[@FINÙF
Knrähgs` colnmgtcrngd`ft` gl Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftgs
YCNLD@I `f igsc k` icfknincf`s k`l t`rr`fc
knb`r`ft`s k` lgs nfknigkgs.
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
N FBC_DGINCF@Y ÇMNFG 95
LÄDN[@Y K@ PYC
@YQG×CL
LÄDN[@Y K@ @DQL@C K@L IGO_@Y[GF[@ GPUNLNG_
Q@LNM_C
@stç prcenonkc `xi`k`r lcs lädnt`s dçxndcs
nfknigkcs `f `st` dgfugl.
Q@LNM_C
Lcs vglcr`s k`tgllgkcs `f lg tgolg `stçf r`lgincfgkcs
icf lg dgfnpulginùf k` igrmgs susp`fknkgs. @stç
prcenonkc grrgstrgr igrmgs pcr `l su`lc `f iuglqun`r
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
N FBC_DGINCF@Y ÇMNFG 9>
LÄDN[@Y K@ PYC
@YQG×CL
Lcs vglcr`s k`tgllgkcs `f lg tgolg k` igrmg k`l igor`stgft`
guxnlngr s` gplnigf g lgs snmun`ft`s icfknincf`s k` usc8
• [`rr`fc k` trgoghc llgfc icf p`fkn`ft` dçxndg k` 7±
(uf mrgkc) r`sp`tc g lg ecrnzcftgl.
• Nfilnfginùf k`l dçstnl k`ftrc k` lcs lädnt`s k` trgoghc
nfknigkcs `f `l igpätulc “DÇY[NL ^ IGO@XG—.
• _ctginùf k` lg tcrr`tg `f icftnfuc k` 921± sglvc
`v`ftugl`s lndntgincf`s d`içfnigs k` lg dçqunfg.
• Dcvndn`ftc k`l inf`dgtnsdc (pgrgl`lcmrgdc)
k`ftrc k` lcs lädnt`s k`l rgknc k` trgoghc gutcrnzgkc
nfknigkcs `f `l igpätulc “_GKNC K@ [_GOGHC
GP[C_NXGKC—.
• Qcsninùf k` lg e`rrgdn`ftg y k` lg d`sg rctgtcrng
i`rig k`l su`lc.
G[@FINÙF
@f iuglqun`r igsc s` prceäo` trgslgkgr lg dçqunfg
icf igrmgs susp`fknkgs ` nfilnfgr `l dçstnl `f s`ftnkc
lcfmntuknfgl c trgfsv`rsgl kurgft` lgs dgfncorgs k`
`l`vginùf k` igrmgs.
NDQC_[GF[@
@f `l igsc `f qu` s`g f`i`sgrnc trgslgkgr lg dçqunfg
icf igrmgs susp`fknkgs c l`vgftgr igrmgs scor`
p`fkn`ft`s knb`r`ft`s k` lgs nfknigkgs (p`rc k`ftrc
k` lcs lädnt`s nfknigkcs `f `l igpätulc “Q@FKN@F[@Y
DÇUNDGY GP[C_NXGKGY—), pùfmgs` `f icftgitc
icf `l Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftg YCNLD@I pgrg cot`f`r lcs
r`lgtnvcs vglcr`s k` igrmg.
Q@LNM_C
Guf iugfkc
iugfkc lg dçqunfg `stç prcvnstg k` igor`stgft`
guxnlngr, FC QP@K@ FPFIG Y@_ ICFYNK@_GKG PF
GQG_G
GQ G_G[C[C K@ @L@R
@L@RGINÙF.
GINÙF. @l igor`stgft` guxnlngr
k`o` s`r utnlnzgkc øfnigd`ft` pgrg cp`rgincf`s
nfvcluirgkgs `f `l prci`sc k` p`rbcrginùf icdc lg
`l`vginùf k` icdpcf`ft`s k` lg dçqunfg, `qunpcs
c gii`scrncs k`k` p`rbcrginùf. @l usc k`l igor`stgft`
guxnlngr pgrg lg `l`vginùf k` dgt`rngl`s pgrg iuglqun`r
ctrc prcpùsntc c k` p`rscfgs `s `xpr`sgd`ft`
prcenonkc.
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
N FBC_DGINCF@Y ÇMNFG ;1
PYC Q_@RNY[C
@YQG×CL
PYC Q_@RNY[C
Lg dçqunfg Y_-91 `s ufg p`rbcrgkcrg enkrçulnig kns`÷gkg
pgrg trgoghcs k` nfm`fn`räg invnl icdc ind`ftginùf,
icfsclnkginùf k` t`rr`fcs y ctrcs trgoghcs `sp`ingl`s.
@f pgrtniulgr8
• Qnlct`s p`rbcrgkcs icf ogrrg j`lly y e`rrgdn`ftgs
gk`iugkgs icdc trîpgfcs c iuiegrgs:
• Qnlct`s p`rbcrgkcs `f s`ic c icf lckcs o`ftcfätnics:
• Enfigkc y `xtrgiinùf k` tuo`rägs d`kngft` d`sg
rctgtcrng y, sn f`i`sgrnc, k` `qunpcs k` `ftuoginùf
csinlgkcr`s qu` s` gicplgf g lg dçqunfg (*):
• Qnlct`s ogrr`fgkcs (*).
NDQC_[GF[@
@l pr`s`ft` dgfugl k`sirno` `l usc k` lg dçqunfg
icf
k` lg`qunpc
ogrr`fgj`lly. Qgrg `l`susc
icftnfug, k`l `qunpc
f`i`sgrnc csinlgkcr
nfstglgr pgrt`sc
y gii`scrncs cpincfgl`s qu` fc `stçf k`sirntcs `f
`stg v`rsnùf k` ogs` k`l dgfugl.
Iugfkc lg dçqunfg s` `ftr`mg icdpl`tg icf kniecs
`qunpcs `sp`iäics, îstcs s`rçf trgtgkcs `f
s`iincf`s cpincfgl`s.
Q@LNM_C
Yn lgs pgrt`s y lcs gii`scrncs intgkcs `f lg fctg
grrnog s` icdprgf sui`snvgd`ft`, `s f`i`sgrnc
icdprcogr qu` `l dgfugl nfiluyg lg r`lgtnvg s`iinùf
cpincfgl c, `f igsc k` bgltg, `s f`i`sgrnc knrnmnrs` gl
Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftg Ycnld`i pgrg p`knr ufg icpng k`
knieg s`iinùf.
Y` prceäo` intgkcs
cpincfgl`s `xpr`sgd`ft` `l usc k`
`f gus`fing k` lgs
lcs r`lgtnvgs
`qunpcs
nfstruiincf`s k` usc.
Q@LNM_C
@stç prcenonkc r`glnzgr trgoghcs pcr lcs iugl`s lg
dçqunfg fc eg snkc kns`÷gkg.
Iuglqun`r ctrg utnlnzginùf k` lg dçqunfg s` icfsnk`rg
icftrgrng gl usc pr`vnstc y, pcr icfsnmun`ft`,
ndprcpng.
G[@FINÙF
Y` prceäo` `b`itugr dcknigincf`s c nft`rv`fincf`s
k` iuglqun`r tnpc scor` lg dçqunfg sglvc lgs k` fcrdgl
dgft`fndn`ftc. Iuglqun`r dckniginùf scor` lg
dçqunfg
gsnst`fingfcgutcrnzgkc
`b`itugkg pcr YCNLD@I
nfvglnkg c uf i`ftrc k`
gutcdçtnigd`ft` lg
icfbcrdnkgk k` lg dçqunfg icf lg Knr`itnvg ?112/;?/
I@.
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG ;7
PYC NDQ_CQNC
@YQG×CL
PYC NDQ_CQNC
Qcr usc ndprcpnc s` `ftn`fk` `l usc k` lg dçqunfg pgrg
`b`itugr trgoghcs fc pr`vnstcs `xpläintgd`ft` (pgrg uscs
knb`r`ft`s k` lcs pgrg lcs iugl`s eg snkc prcy`itgkg) c
icf dckglnkgk`s fc pr`vnstgs c nfilusc `xpr`sgd`ft`
prcenonkgs.
Q@LNM_C
@l usc ndprcpnc k` lg dçqunfg s` k`o` icfsnk`rgr
duy p`lnmrcsc. @l icfstruitcr YCNLD@I k`ilnfg
iuglqun`r r`spcfsgonlnkgk pcr `v`ftugl`s kg÷cs g
p`rscfgs y/c icsgs k`onkcs g uf usc ndprcpnc k`
lg dçqunfg. Gk`dçs, iuglqun`r usc ndprcpnc k` lg
dçqunf
dçq unfgg nfvglnkg
nfvgln
nfvglnkg
kg gutcdçtnigd`ft`
gutcdç
gutcdçtnig
tnigd`f
d`ft`
t` lg icfbcrdnkgk
icfbcr
icfbcrdnk
dnkgk
gk
k` lg dçqunfg icf lg Knr`itnvg ?112/;?/I@.
NDQC_[GF[@
Iuglqun`r usc ndprcpnc k` lg dçqunfg gfulg lg
mgrgftäg k`l icfstruitcr
icfstruitcr..
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG ;?
Y@_RNINC QCYR@F[G
@YQG×CL
Y@_RNINC QCYR@F[G
Q@LNM_C
Ptnlni` sclc r`igdoncs crnmnfgl`s Ycnld`i. @l usc k`
r`igdoncs crnmnfgl`s Ycnld`i fc s` pcf` `f r`lginùf
sclc icf lg vglnk`z k` lg mgrgftäg, sn fc tgdonîf g lg
p`rb`itg `in`fing y s`murnkgk k` lg dçqunfg `f `l
tn`dpc, s`møf lgs icfknincf`s pr`vnstgs `f `l prcy`itc
y utnlnzgkgs `f lg icfstruiinùf k` lg dçqunfg.
Yn fc s` usgf r`igdoncs crnmnfgl`s Ycnld`i, `f
igscs `xtr`dcs, s` pu`k` icrr`r `l rn`smc k` mrgv`s
giink`ft`s c k` du`rt` k`onkcs g lg fc icfbcrdnkgk
k` lgs pn`zgs sustntunkgs. @l icfstruitcr YCNLD@I
k`ilnfg iuglqun`r r`spcfsgonlnkgk pcr kg÷cs g
p`rscfgs y/c icsgs k`onkcs g lg fc cos`rvginùf k`
`stg r`mlg k` icdpcrtgdn`ftc..
NDQC_[GF[@
Qcfnîfkcs` `f icftgitc icf `l Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftgs
YCNLD@I u ctrcs I`ftrcs k` Gsnst`fing Gutcrnzgkcs,
s`
k` k`o`f nfknigr pu`stcs
nk`ftniginùf colnmgtcrngd`ft` tckcs lcstgrh`tgs
`f lgs knb`r`ft`s kgtcs
iclcigkgs `f lg dçqunfg.
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG ;9
MG_GF[ÄG
@YQG×CL
MG_GF[ÄG
Icf lg kciud`ftginùf tîifnig k` lg dçqunfg s` `ftr`mg
`l iupùf G icf lgs icfknincf`s m`f`rgl`s k` mgrgftäg
qu` s` r`icdn`fkg l``r gt`ftgd`ft`. G
G[@FINÙF
@s cpcrtufc r`icrkgr qu`, icfbcrd`d`ft` gl
icftrgtc, lg mgrgftäg pu`k` igkuigr
igkuigr `f lgs snmun`ft`s
icfknincf`s qu` fcrdgld`ft` icrr`spcfk`f g lcs
igscs dçs br`iu`ft`s8
-- Bgltg k` nkcf`nkgk
Psc ndprcpnc
ndprcp nc k` lgk`l cp`rgkcr
dçqunfg
- Ptnlnzginùf k` r`igdoncs
r`igdoncs FC crnmnfgl`s
crnmnfgl`s
- Bgltg k` dgft`fndn`ftc r`mulgr
- @h`iuinùf k` nft`rv`fincf`s k` r`pgrginùf s`møf
prci`kndn`ftcs fc gprcogkcs icf gft`lginùf pcr
`l Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftgs YCNLD@I.
N FBC_DGINCF@Y
FBC_DGINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y - Q
ÇMNFG ;;
@YQG×CL
@YQG×CL
Y`iinùf O
FC_DGY K@ Y@MP_NKGK
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
Y@MP_NKGK - Q
ÇMNFG ?
ÄFKNI@ K@ Y@IINÙF
@YQG×CL
Äfkni` k` Y`iinùf
NF[_CKPIINÙF............
NF[_CKPIINÙF........................
.......................
.......................
........................
........................
.......................
.......................
...................;
.......;
ICFYNK@_GINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y ...............................
......... ............................................
............................................
.....................................0
...............0
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
Y@MP_NKGK - Q
ÇMNFG 9
ÄFKNI@ K@ Y@IINÙF
@YQG×CL
FC_DGY QG_G @L DGF[@FNDN@F[C
DGF[@FNDN@F[C K@ QN@XGY @F DCRNDN@F[C ................................................................. ?7
FC_DGY QG_G @L DGF[@FNDN@F[C
DGF[@FNDN@F[C K@ LG NFY[GLGINÙF @LÎI[_NIG ........................................................ ??
OG[@_ÄGY
OG[@_ÄGY .........................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................ ??
FC_DGY QG_G @L DGF[@FNDN@F[C K@ LG NFY[GLGINÙF ENK_ÇPLNIG ENK_ÇPLNIG .......................................................
....................................................... ?9
FC_DGY QG_G
QG_G @L DGF[@FNDN@F[C
DGF[@FNDN@F[C K@ LG NFY[GLGINÙF K@ ILNDG[NXGINÙF ILNDG[NXGINÙF .......................................... ?9
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
Y@MP_NKGK - Q
ÇMNFG ;
NF[_CKPIINÙF
@YQG×CL
NF[_CKPIINÙF
KGFM@_
@l nfiudplndn`ftc k` lgs nfstruiincf`s y fcrdgs k`
s`murnkgk k`tgllgkgs `f `st` dgfugl pu`k` prcvcigr
mrgv`s l`sncf`s c nfilusc lg du`rt`.
G[@FINÙF
L`g gt`ftgd`ft`, icdpr`fkg y iudplg lgs
nfstruiincf`s k`l icfstruitcr, lgs fcrdgs k`
s`murnkgk, lgs nfstruiincf`s k` usc y lgs iglicdgfägs
gplnigkgs scor` lg dçqunfg.
G[@FINÙF
L`g gt`ftgd`ft`, icdpr`fkg y iudplg lgs fcrdgs
k` s`murnkgk k`l lumgr k` trgoghc.
G[@FINÙF
@l usc k` lg dçqunfg `stç r`s`rvgkc g p`rscfgl
iuglnbigkc ` gk`iugkgd`ft` nfstrunkc scor` lgs
fcrdgs k` s`murnkgk.
NDQC_[GF[@
Igkgpr`s`ft`
k`l dçqunfg dgfugl.
`s sudnfnstrgkg icf ufg
Icdpru`o` c dçs icpngs
ictnkngfgd`ft`
qu` s`g icfs`rvgkc `f `l `sp`ingl `spginc pcrtg-
kciud`ftcs, pgrg pck`rlc icfsultgr `f igkg
dcd`ftc.
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
Y@MP_NKGK - Q
ÇMNFG 0
NF[_CKPIINÙF
@YQG×CL
ICFYNK@_GINCF@Y M@F@_GL@Y
Lg dgycr pgrt` k` lcs giink`ft`s qu` s` k`rnvgf k`l ¡@f lg kukg `s sn`dpr`
sn `dpr` d`hcr pr`muftgr!
usc y `l dgft`fndn`ftc k` dçqunfgs y `qunpcs k` corg Icftgit` YCNLD@I scor` `stc8 `l Y`rvninc k` gsnst`fing
tn`f`f icdc crnm`f lg bgltg k` cos`rvginùf k` lgs dçs snrv` tgdonîf pgrg `llc. Knr`iincf`s, fød`rcs t`l`bùfnics
`l`d`ftgl`s pr`iguincf`s k` s`murnkgk. y t`l`bgx `stçf intgkcs `f lg iuon`rtg k` `st` dgfugl.
Qcr lc tgftc `s f`i`sgrnc vclv`rs` sn`dpr` dçs s`fsnol`s
`f r`lginùf g lcs rn`smcs pct`fingl`s prcvcigkcs pcr `l _`iu`rk`fpu`k`
ndprcpng, qu` sns`r
lg p`lnmrcsg
dçqunfg s` utnlnzg dgl c`f`fufdgf`rg
y icfv`rtnrs` rn`smc
usc k` lgs dçqunfgs, pr`stgfkc icfstgft`d`ft` gt`finùf pgrg `l cp`rgkcr y pgrg lgs p`rscfgs pr`s`ft`s.
g lcs `b`itcs qu` s` pckrägf prckuinr icf igkg giinùf
`b`itugkg scor` lg dçqunfg.
G[@FINÙF
Fc scor`igrmgr lg dçqunfg c utnlnzgrlg icf `qunpcs
G[@FINÙF pcic s`murcs, fc r`glnzgkcs `sp`ingld`ft`
¡_`icfcin`fkc icf gft`rncrnkgk lgs sntugincf`s pgrg `l `dpl`c `sp`iäbic c `f dgl `stgkc k`
pct`fingld`ft` p`lnmrcsgs s` pu`k` `vntgr uf icfs`rvginùf.
giink`ft`!
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
Y@MP_NKGK - Q
ÇMNFG 2
_@WPNYN[CY K@L Q@_YCFGL @FIG_MGKC
@YQG×CL
_@WPNYN[CY K@L Q@_YCFGL
@FIG_MGKC
CQ@_GKC_ DGF[@F@KC_ @ NFY[GLGKC_
@l cp`rgkcr qu` usg lg dçqunfg k`o` colnmgtcrngd`ft`8 @l p`rscfgl `figrmgkc k`l dgft`fndn`ftc y lg nfstglginùf
• s`r bäsnic y d`ftgld`ft` gptc pgrg usgr lg dçqunfg: k` lg dçqunfg k`o` colnmgtcrngd`ft`8
• s`r bcrdgkc gk`iugkgd`ft` y pcs``r icdp`t`fings • s`r bcrdgkc gk`iugkgd`ft` y pcs``r icdp`t`fings
r`icfcinkgs `f `l s`itcr `sp`iäic (`lîitrnic,
r`icfcinkgs `f `l s`itcr k` lg p`rbcrginùf:
enkrçulnic, `ti..):
• icfci`r lgs s`÷gl`s qu` s` usgf `f lg corg (vîgs`
igpätulc “Y`÷gl`s m`stugl`s icfv`fincfgl`s— ): ): • l``r icf gt`finùf `l pr`s`ft` dgfugl gft`s k` utnlnzgr
lg dçqunfg. Lg nmfcrgfing k` lgs fcrdgs k` `dpl`c,
• l``r icf gt`finùf `l pr`s`ft` dgfugl gft`s k` utnlnzgr pu`k` prcvcigr giink`ft`s mrgv`s:
lg dçqunfg. Lg nmfcrgfing k` lgs fcrdgs k` `dpl`c,
pu`k` prcvcigr giink`ft`s mrgv`s: • nfbcrdgrs` scor` lcs rn`smcs qu` pu`k`f k`rnvgr k`l
dgft`fndn`ftc c lg nfstglginùf k` lg dçqunfg.
• icfci`r p`rb`itgd`ft` lcs r`fkndn`ftcs y lcs lädnt`s
k` usc k` lg dçqunfg:
NDQC_[GF[@
• icfci`r tckcs lcs knspcsntnvcs k` s`murnkgk nfstglgkcs
Yn pgrg iuglqun`r gitnvnkgk k` dgft`fndn`ftc
`f lg dçqunfg.
c nfstglginùf scf f`i`sgrngs dçs p`rscfgs, s`
k`o` k`bfnr `f dgf`rg ilgrg y snf pcsnonlnkgk k`
Fc G
G[@FINÙF
[@FINÙF
trgoghgr icf lg dçqunfg sn s` `stç igfsgkc c `qunvciginùf
prci`k`r icf lgs tgr`gs
iuglqu
iuglqun`r k` igkg `figrmgkc gft`s k`
n`r nft`rv`finùf.
nfknspu`stc. @stgr gt`ftc, `f pgrtniulgr, gl bfgl k`l
turfc.
G[@FINÙF
Lg l`y k` fud`rcscs pgäs`s ndpcf` qu` lcs
cp`rgkcr`s r`inogf nfstruiincf`s `xegustnvgs
scor` `l usc y `l bufincfgdn`ftc
bufincfgdn`ftc k` lg dçqunfg y
scor` lgs d`knkgs k` s`murnkgk pgrg gkcptgr gft`s
k` `dp`zgr iuglqun`r trgoghc.
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
Y@MP_NKGK - Q
ÇMNFG =
_@WPNYN[CY K@L Q@_YCFGL @FIG_MGKC
@YQG×CL
R@Y[PG_NC K@ [_GOGHC
G[@FINÙF
G[@FINÙF
Qgrg trgoghgr `f `l r`sp`tc k` lgs fcrdgs k`
s`murnkgk, `s colnmgtcrnc utnlnzgr uf v`stugrnc
k` trgoghc icfbcrd` g lgs fcrdgs y icdprcogr
p`rnùknigd`ft` qu` `stî `f ou`f `stgkc.
Iugfkc s` trgoghg, s` k`o` utnlnzgr sn`dpr` `l snmun`ft`
`qunpc pgrg lg pr`v`finùf k` giink`ft`s8
• dcfc k` trgoghc u ctrgs pr`fkgs iùdckgs, fc
k`dgsngkc gfiegs y snf qu` egyg lg pcsnonlnkgk qu`
pu`kgf `fmgfiegrs` `f ùrmgfcs `f dcvndn`ftc:
• igsic k` prct`iinùf:
• iglzgkc k` s`murnkgk:
• mugft`s k` prct`iinùf pgrg lgs dgfcs.
• prct`iinùf k`(clcs
r`spnrgkcr`s chcs:
dgsigrnllg gftn-pclvc):
• tgpcf`s pgrg lcs cäkcs c gurniulgr`s k` prct`iinùf
giøstnig.
G[@FINÙF
Fc ll`v` gfnllcs, r`lch`s, hcygs, rcpg k`sgoctcfgkg
c su`ltg icdc, pcr `h`dplc, icrogtgs, rcpg
k`senlgiegkg,
icf ir`dgll`rgsoubgfkgs,
gon`rtgsiegqu`tgs gon`rtgs
qu` pu`kgf c olusgs
`fmgfiegrs`
`f lgs pgrt`s `f dcvndn`ftc. Y` gicfs`hg, `f igdonc,
usgr rcpg gprcogkg icf lg bfglnkgk k` pr`v`finùf
k` giink`ft`s, pcr `h`dplc8 igsic, zgpgtcs gftn-
r`soglgdn`ftc, mugft`s, gurniulgr`s gftn-runkc, mgbgs
k` s`murnkgk, iegl`ics ucr`si`ft`s y r`spnrgkcr`s,
iugfkc `l trgoghc lc f`i`snt`. Icfsult` gl `dpr`sgrnc
pcr lgs pr`sirnpincf`s k` s`murnkgk vnm`ft`s y lcs
`qunpcs k` prct`iinùf nfknvnkugl pgrg lg pr`v`finùf
k` giink`ft`s.
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 =?/902
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
Y@MP_NKGK - Q
ÇMNFG 5
Ç_@G K@ [_GOGHC
@YQG×CL
Ç_@G K@ [_GOGHC Q_@Y@FING K@ [PO@_ÄGY, IGOL@Y C
_@K@Y K@L MGY @F[@__GKCY ^ LÄF@GY
• Kurgft` `l trgoghc dgft`fmg `f crk`f `l çr`g k` @LÎI[_NIGY GÎ_@GY
trgoghc8 fc k`h` qu` coh`tcs `spgrinkcs k` iuglqun`r
tnpc ndpnkgf c vu`lvgf nfs`murcs lcs k`splgzgdn`ftcs Yn `f `l çr`g k` trgoghc s` `fiu`ftrgf tuo`rägs,
tuo`räg s, r`k`s k`
k`l p`rscfgl y k` lg dçqunfg. mgs `ft`rrgkgs c läf`gs `lîitrnigs gîr`gs, `s f`i`sgrnc
r`sp`tgr lgs nfstruiincf`s snmun`ft`s.
• Icdpru`o` `l r`icrrnkc `xgitcs k` iuglqun`r r`k
gîr`g c `ft`rrgkg y lg pr`s`fing k` `v`ftugl`s
costçiulcs. @stcs r`icrrnkcs k`o`f s`r cpcrtufgd`ft`
k`lndntgkcs pcr lgs gutcrnkgk`s icdp`t`ft`s. Yn
bu`rg f`i`sgrnc, sclnint` lg nft`rrupinùf k`l s`rvninc
y `l k`splgzgdn`ftc k` lgs r`k`s gft`s k` r`glnzgr
iuglqun`r trgoghc.
• Dgft`fmg lg zcfg k` dgft`fndn`ftc lndpng y s`ig. • Gft`s k` `dp`zgr iuglqun`r trgoghc, icftgi`
• @l çr`g k` trgoghc k`o` s`r k`lndntgkg icf ogrr`rgs, pcr t`lîbcfc lg/s scin`kgk/`s knstrnounkcrg/s c
tgdonîf dùvnl`s, rämnkgs c `xnol`s (inftgs) y sus k`l`mgincf`s dçs i`rigfgs. K`t`rdnf`,
gk`iugkgd`ft` s`÷glgkg y s` k`o` ndp`knr `l icfhuftgd`ft` icf `l r`pr`s`ftgft` k` lg scin`kgk,
gii`sc gl p`rscfgl fc gutcrnzgkc. iugl`s pr`iguincf`s gkcptgr pgrg mgrgftnzgr lg
• Lg fcrdgtnvg vnm`ft` ndpcf` `l r`sp`tc k` fcrdgs s`murnkgk.
k` s`÷glnzginùf `sp`iäigs iugfkc s` trgoghg `f • Yclnint` lg pr`s`fing k` uf `figrmgkc k` lgs
lgs i`rigfägs k` g`rcpu`rtcs (glmufcs jnlùd`trcs). s`÷glnzgincf`s, qu` pu`kg cos`rvgr k`sk` uf puftc
Iugfkc s` trgoghg `f lgs çr`gs pr`vnstgs pcr lg k` vnstg dçs bgvcrgol` r`sp`itc gl k`l cp`rgkcr, `l
fcrdg, `s f`i`sgrnc pcf`rs` `f icftgitc icf lgs gi`rigdn`ftc k` lg dçqunfg g lg zcfg nft`r`sgkg.
gutcrnkgk`s `figrmgkgs y k`spuîs, sn `s f`i`sgrnc, @l `figrmgkc k` lgs s`÷glnzgincf`s k`o` `stgr `f
knrähgs` gl Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftgs Ycnld`i pgrg `b`itugr icdufniginùf knr`itg icf `l cp`rgkcr, `l iugl k`o`
lgs f`i`sgrngs dcknigincf`s. pr`stgr lg dçxndg gt`finùf g sus s`÷gl`s.
• Lcs igdnfcs p`gtcfgl`s `f `l nft`rncr k` lg corg k`o`f • Qr`st` gt`finùf iugfkc s` `stç `f i`rigfäg k` läf`gs
dgft`f`rs` lnor`s k` e`rrgdn`ftgs, dgt`rngl`s u ctrcs `lîitrnigs gîr`gs. Dgft`fmg sn`dpr` ufg knstgfing
coh`tcs qu` pu`kgf costgiulnzgr lcs cp`rgkcr`s. Lcs däfndg k` s`murnkgk k` 2 d. Q`lnmrc k` bulmurginùf
costçiulcs hcs k`o`f s`r gk`iugkgd`ft` s`÷glgkcs k` gltg t`fsnùf `lîitrnig.
y/c prct`mnkcs (igo`zgs k` pnlct`s t`rdnfgkcs, en`rrcs • Qgrg lg `h`iuinùf k` uf trgoghc snf rn`smcs s` k`o`
k` grdgkurg qu` sgl`f k`l t`rr`fc, `ti.). dgft`f`r sn`dpr` lg dçxndg knstgfing pcsnol` k` lgs
• Lg sup`rin` glr`k`kcr k` lg `xigvginùf k`o` s`r läf`gs `lîitrnigs.
t`fnkg lnor` k` ogrrc, `sicdorcs, e`rrgdn`ftgs k` • [ckgs lg läf`gs k`o`f s`r icfsnk`rgkgs oghc t`fsnùf,
trgoghc qu` pu`k`f `stcrogr y prcvcigr igäkgs, nfilusc k`spuîs k` ego`r r`inonkc lg icfrdginùf
r`iurrn`fkc, sn bu`rg f`i`sgrnc, gl k`s`igkc y k` qu` lg läf`g `stç bu`rg k` s`rvninc y vnsnol`d`ft`
trgtgdn`ftc p`rnùknic icf sustgfings nf`rt`s. icf`itgkg gl su`lc. Gkvn`rtg g tckc `l p`rscfgl qu`
s` `fiu`ftrg `f tn`rrg qu` dgft`fmg sn`dpr` ufg
pcsninùf l`hgfg k` lg dçqunfg.
Q@LNM_C
@LÎI[_NIC
_N@YMC K@ DP@_[@
DP@_[@ C K@ L@YNCF
L@YNCF@Y
@Y M_GR@Y
M_GR@Y @F
IGYC K@ ICF[GI[C ICF LÄF@GY @LÎI[_NIGY
@F [@FYNÙF.
[@FYNÙF.
QÙFMGY@ @F ICF[GI[C
ICF[GI[C ICF LGLG YCIN@KGK
YCIN@KGK Q_CQN@
Q_CQN@[G_
[G_
K@ LG LÄF@G
LÄF@G K@ KNY[_NOPI
KNY[_NOPINÙF
NÙF GF[@Y K@ @DQ@XG_
@DQ@XG_ @L@L
[_GOGHC @F XCFGY QC[@FINGLD@F[@ Q@LNM_CYGY.
K@YICF@I[G_
K@YICF@I [G_ LCY IGOL@Y @F [@FYNÙF
ÙF GF[@Y
K@ @DQ@XG_
@DQ@XG_ IPGLWPN@_
IPGLWPN@_ [_GOGHC ICF LG DÇWPNFG.
DÇWPNFG.
[@FYNÙF LÄF@G KNY[GFING DÄFNDG
gg
g
g
g
g
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
Y@MP_NKGK - Q
ÇMNFG >
Ç_@G K@ [_GOGHC
@YQG×CL
BN_D@XG K@ LGY YPQ@_BNIN@Y
• @xgdnf` sn`dpr` lg zcfg ousigfkc pcsnol`s Qgrg `vntgr `stcs rn`smcs, s` gicfs`hg tcdgr lgs
icfknincf`s k` rn`smc. Glmufcs `h`dplcs8 p`fkn`ft`s, snmun`ft`s d`knkgs8
zcfgs icf ogie`s, çrocl`s, icfstruiincf`s • Icdpru`o` icf `l `dpr`sgrnc (c `l h`b` c `l tîifnic
k`dclnkgs, nfi`fkncs, `sigrpgkgs gltgs, ig÷gkgs, k` corg) lg `v`ftugl pr`s`fing `f `l suosu`lc k`
cfkulgincf`s, t`rr`fc trçic
ir`stgs, `xigvgincf`s, giink`ftgkc,
p`sgkc,bcscs,
pgr`k`sindgs,
icf fniecs `sicfknkcs
k`pùsntcs k` gmug, (`h.
pnscsigfglnzgincf`s, pczcs, vn`hcs
k` ock`mg, `st`ricl`rcs).
k`rrudo`s c k`spr`fkndn`ftcs. Yn `xnst`f icfknincf`s • Pfg prnd`rg vglcrginùf k` lg icfsnst`fing k`l t`rr`fc
pgr`inkgs, prci`k`r icf `xtr`dg gt`finùf. pu`k` `b`itugrs` icf lg gyukg k` lg tgolg snmun`ft`.
• Qr`st` gt`finùf g lg pcsnonlnkgk k` `ficftrgr
icfknincf`s k` t`rr`fc olgfkgs `f prcxndnkgk k`
Qr`snùf
durcs icfstrunkcs r`in`ft`d`ft`. @l dgt`rngl k` [npc k` t`rr`fc, sup`ringl
r`ll`fc y `l p`sc k` lg dçqunfg pu`k`f prcvcigr `l igrgit`rästnigs p`rdntnkg
eufkndn`ftc k`l durc pcr k`oghc k` lg dçqunfg. m`cdcrbclùmnigs
• @s f`i`sgrnc icfci`r lcs lädnt`s k` igrmg k`l t`rr`fc, jm/id? F/dd?
k`l dgigkgd y k` lgs rgdpgs scor` lgs iugl`s s` t`rr`fc fc ice`r`ft`, fc `f m`f`rgl,
k`o` trgoghgr. icdpgitgkc fc sùlnkc:
• Lg igpginkgk k` igrmg k`l su`lc scor` `l iugl s` t`rr`fc grinllcsc, turocsc, scf f`i`sgrngs
`fiu`ftrg lg dçqunfg k`o` s`r gk`iugkc gl p`sc pgstcsc pr`iguincf`s
qu` eg qu` scpcrtgr. Iuglqun`r eufkndn`ftc k`l t`rr`fc ice`r`ft`, olgfkc `sp`ingl`s
t`rr`fc pu`k` prcvcigr uf vu`lic k` lg dçqunfg. t`rr`fc fc ice`r`ft`, on`f
• ?.1 1.?
icdpgitgkc, gr`fg, mrgvg
s`dnsùlnkc 7.1 1.7
t`rr`fc
sùlnkc ?.1 1.?
ice`r`ft`
kurc ;.1 1.;
rcig, ecrdnmùf, pgvnd`ftginùf
sup. g sup. g
gptg pgrg `l trçfsntc k`
71.1 7.1
v`eäiulcs p`sgkcs
Q@LNM_C
¡_N@YMC K@ RP@LIC! Icdpru`o` qu` `l su`lc
kcfk` s` gpcygrç lg dçqunfg s`g ogstgft` sùlnkc
pgrg fc icdprcd`t`r lg `stgonlnkgk k` lg dçqunfg.
Yn `l t`rr`fc fc mgrgftnzg ufg sclnk`z subin`ft`,
iclcqu` ufgs plgigs k` gpcyc pcr k`oghc k` lg
dnsdg.
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
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ÇMNFG 71
Ç_@G K@ [_GOGHC
@YQG×CL
@f pr`s`fing k` bcscs, dgft`fmg sn`dpr` lgs crumgs g EPFKNDN@F[C K@ LG YPQ@_BNIN@ K@ GQC^C
ufg knstgfing k` s`murnkgk k`l ocrk`: lg knstgfing (g) k`l
pn` k`l tgluk k`o` s`r prcpcrincfgl g lg glturg (e) k`l @f igsc k` eufkndn`ftc k`l t`rr`fc k`oghc k` ufg
dnsdc tgluk. crumg k` lg dçqunfg, nft`rrudpg nfd`kngtgd`ft`
iuglqun`r gitnvnkgk, `vgiu` lg zcfg glr`k`kcr y prci`kg
Yn `l bcfkc `stç `f ou`fgs icfknincf`s8 icf lg icfsclnkginùf k`l t`rr`fc pgrg r`stgol`i`r lg
g8 e 4 78 7 ecrnzcftglnkgk k`l plgfc k` gpcyc y lg v`rtniglnkgk k`l
(vglcr`s `f mrns k` lg tgolg gft`rncr) k` trgoghc.
@f igsc k` kukg8
g8 e 4 ?8 7
Qr`snùf
crumg
Yup`rin`
k` gpcyc
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
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ÇMNFG 77
PYC
@YQG×CL
FC_DGY QG_G PF
BPFINCFGDN@F[C ^ PYC Y@MP_C
K@ LG DÇWPNFG
GII@YC G QP@Y[C K@ ICFKPIINÙF ^ QP@Y[C K@ ICFKPIINÙF
XCFGY K@ QGYC
G[@FINÙF
• Yuog g lg dçqunfg y ogh` k` `llg sclgd`ft` pcr lcs Kurgft` `l trgoghc, sùlc `l cp`rgkcr k`o` p`rdgf`i`r
puftcs kcfk` `stçf pr`vnstcs p`lkg÷cs, dgfnllgs y/c `f lg igonfg k` icfkuiinùf.
pgsgdgfcs.
• Fc nft`ft` suonr g lg dçqunfg c oghgr k` `llg G[@FINÙF
trgfspcrtgfkc icsgs, e`rrgdn`ftgs u ctrc. Lg igonfg k` icfkuiinùf eg snkc kns`÷gkg y r`glnzgkg
• [`fmg lcs p`lkg÷cs, lcs pgsgdgfcs y lgs dgfnllgs k` pgrg uf sclc cp`rgkcr
cp`rgkcr..
gmgrr` sn`dpr` lndpncs y lnor`s k` iuglqun`r coh`tc
`xtrg÷c c r`stcs k` gi`nt`, mrgsg, ogrrc c fn`v`, pgrg G[@FINÙF
r`kuinr gl däfndc iuglqun`r rn`smc k` r`soglùf c Icf lg dçqunfg `f bufinùf, `l cp`rgkcr fc k`o`
trcp`zùf. Lndpn` lg su`lg k` lcs zgpgtcs `lndnfgfkc gogfkcfgr fufig `l pu`stc k` icfkuiinùf.
ogrrc c mrgsg gft`s k` suonr g lg dçqunfg.
• [`fmg `l pu`stc k` icfkuiinùf lndpnc.
• Fc gpcy` kngrncs u ctrcs coh`tcs scor` lcs dgfkcs.
• Lcs coh`tcs p`rscfgl`s c lgs e`rrgdn`ftgs fc k`o`f
fufig p`rturogr `l usc k` lcs dgfkcs.
• [`fmg `l gii`sc g lg igonfg lnor` k` iuglqun`r
costçiulc.
• [`fmg lcs irnstgl`s k` lg igonfg lndpncs, fc `dpg÷gkcs
y snf en`lc.
• Fc utnlni` lcs dgfkcs c lcs tuocs `xnol`s icdc
gmgrrgk`rg8 `stcs icdpcf`ft`s scf dùvnl`s y fc
cbr`i`f uf gpcyc `stgol`. Gk`dçs, `l k`splgzgdn`ftc
nfvcluftgrnc k` uf dgfkc pu`k` prcvcigr `l
dcvndn`ftc giink`ftgl k` lg dçqunfg c k`l `qunpc.
• Yn s` `fiu`ftrg icf lg ndpcsnonlnkgk k` utnlnzgr lcs
knspcsntnvcs hcs k` lg dçqunfg, utnlni` `sigl`rgs c
plgtgbcrdgs icf `siglcf`s qu` r`spcfkgf g lgs
fcrdgtnvgs vnm`ft`s k` pr`v`finùf k` giink`ft`s.
• Fc ogh` c suog k` lg dçqunfg sgltgfkc.
• Yuog y ogh` k` lg dçqunfg dnrgfkc sn`dpr` eging
`llg. [`fmg sn`dpr` lgs kcs dgfcs y uf pn` c gdocs
pn`s y ufg dgfc gpcygkcs g lcs p`lkg÷cs c g lcs
pgsgdgfcs.
• Qr`st` gt`finùf g lgs `v`ftugl`s icfknincf`s k`
r`soglgdn`ftc k` lcs p`lkg÷cs, k` lgs dgfnllgs
y gmgrr`s, gsä icdc lgs icfknincf`s k`l t`rr`fc
glr`k`kcr k` lg dçqunfg. Qùfmgs` sn`dpr` octgs c
zgpgtcs k` pr`v`finùf k` giink`ft`s icf su`lgs k`
dgt`rngl gftnk`slnzgft`.
• Qgrg lg nficludnkgk p`rscfgl, fc nft`ft` suonr c oghgr
k` lg dçqunfg `f dcvndn`ftc. Ogh` k` lg dçqunfg
sclc iugfkc îstg `stç icdpl`tgd`ft` pgrgkg.
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
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ÇMNFG 7?
PYC
@YQG×CL
YGLNKG K@ @D@_M@FING FC_DGY QG_G LG QP@Y[G @F DG_IEG
Y@MP_G K@LG DÇWPNFG
@l irnstgl gft`rncr snrv` tgdonîf icdc sglnkg glt`rfgtnvg
iugfkc, `f igsc k` `d`rm`fing, fc `s pcsnol` gornr y • Icdpru`o`, gft`s qu` fgkg, qu` lgs cp`rgincf`s
sglnr k` lg pu`rtg k` lg igonfg. k` dgft`fndn`ftc egygf snkc `b`itugkgs
Lg r`hnllg k` prct`iinùf icftrg lcs k`trntcs k` p`rbcrginùf `sirupulcsgd`ft`, r`sp`tgfkc lcs nft`rvglcs
fc icfstntuy` fnfmøf
sndultçf`gd`ft` costçiulc yg qu` s` gor`
icf `l irnstgl. `stgol`inkcs.
• Icdpru`o` sn tn`f` icdoustnol` pgrg ufg gutcfcdäg
gft`r ncr, mnr` lg dgfnhg G y
• Qgrg gornr `l irnstgl gft`rncr, y,, gl dnsdc suin`ft`, pgrg `vntgr `l rn`smc k` ufg pgrgkg
tn`dpc, `dpuh` pgrg glzgr `l irnstgl y lg r`hnllg. ndprcvnsg k`l dctcr, kurgft` ufg dgfncorg irätnig.
• Lndpn` `f prcbufknkgk lcs nfstrud`ftcs, lgs `tnqu`tgs
y lcs bgrcs k` nludnfginùf.
• Icftrcl` qu` lcs dgfkcs `stîf `f pcsninùf k` f`utrc
f`ut rc
y qu` lg pglgfig k` s`murnkgk `stî `f lg pcsninùf k`
k`solcqu`c gft`s k` `fi`fk`r lg dçqunfg.
• Gft`s k` pcf`r `f dgrieg lg dçqunfg icdpru`o`,
r`mul` y olcqu`` `f su pcsninùf `l gsn`ftc, k` dgf`rg
dgf` rg
qu` s` gs`mur` `l dçxndc icfbcrt k` icfkuiinùf y
bginlnkgk k` gligfzgr lcs dgfkcs.
• _`mul` tckcs lcs `sp`hcs r`trcvnscr`s pgrg ufg ou`fg
vnsnùf k` lg k`
• Gs`mør`s` zcfg pcst`rncr
qu` fc egygk`p`rscfgs
lg dçqunfg.
`f lg zcfg k`
trgoghc gft`s k` pcf`r `f dgrieg lg dçqunfg.
• Icftrcl` qu`lcs r`smugrkcs hcs y dùvnl`s y lcs içpcs
`stîf dcftgkcs y olcqu`gkcs k` dgf`rg icrr`itg.
• Bnh` tckcs lcs `l`d`ftcs lnor`s qu` fc bcrdgf pgrt`
k` lg dçqunfg icdc, pcr `h`dplc, lcs r`inpn`ft`s
pgrg glnd`ftcs, e`rrgdn`ftgs y ctrcs coh`tcs.
• Gs`mør`s` k` qu` lg dçqunfg knspcfmg k`l snst`dg
G
k` nludnfginùf `xt`rncr `f ou`f bufincfgdn`ftc.
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
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PYC
@YQG×CL
FC_DGY QG_G @L PYC Y@MP_C K@ LG • [`fmg `f iu`ftg lgs igrgit`rästnigs k`l çr`g k`
DÇWPNFG trgoghc `f lg iugl s` k`o` trgoghgr.
?d
?d
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
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ÇMNFG 7;
PYC
@YQG×CL
PYC K@ LG DÇWPNFG @F ICFKNINCF@Y FC_DGY QG_G LG QG_GKG Y@MP_G K@
D@[@C_CLÙMNIGY GKR@_YGY LG DÇWPNFG
Yn s` `fiu`ftrg icf icfknincf`s d`t`crclùmnigs gkv`rsgs
y egy k`sigrmgs `lîitrnigs i`rig k` lg dçqunfg8 • Igkg v`z qu` s` nft`rrudp` `l trgoghc, pcr iuglqun`r
rgzùf, icftrcl` qu` tckcs lcs dgfkcs `stîf `f
• Fc suog g lg dçqunfg.
pcsninùf k` f`utrc.
• Fc ogh` k` lg dçqunfg. • Gft`s k` gogfkcfgr `l pu`stc k` icfkuiinùf, iclcqu`
• Yn s` `fiu`ftrg `f `l nft`rncr k` lg igonfg k` lcs dgfkcs k`l dctcr `f lg pcsninùf k` pgrgkg.
icfkuiiäcf, p`rdgf`zig geä egstg qu` lgs
• Gft`s k` gogfkcfgr `l pu`stc k` icfkuiinùf, iclcqu`
icfknincf`s d`t`crclùmnigs egygf d`hcrgkc.
lg pglgfig k` s`murnkgk `f lg pcsninùf k` olcqu`c.
• Yn s` `fiu`ftrg bu`rg k` lg dçqunfg, glîh`s` k` `llg.
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
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PYC
@YQG×CL
FC_DGY QG_G @L [_GYLGKC
• Fc trgfspcrt` p`rscfgs g ocrkc k` lg dçqunfg. • Fc trgfs`r` fufig ufg dçqunfg `f lg zcfg k` trgoghc,
trgo ghc,
• [`fn`fkc qu` k`splgzgrs` pcr igrr`t`rgs c çr`gs, `f ufg zcfg ll`fg k` m`ft`, c i`rig k` p`rscfgs,
nfbùrd`s` gft`s k` lgs icfknincf`s qu` s` pckrçf snf t`f`r pcr lc d`fcs ufg p`rscfg `figrmgkg k`
prckuinr kurgft` `l trgy`itc pr`vnstc8 lndntginùf k` lgs lgs s`÷glnzgincf`s k` dgf`rg qu` s` pu`kg mungr gl
knd`fsncf`s dçxndgs, k`fsnkgk k` trçic, tnpc k` cp`rgkcr. Y`÷gl` lgkcs
gvnsgkcr giøstnic8 nft`finùf k` pgrtnr
v`i`s pgrg scfgfkc
lg dgrieg `l
eging
igrr`t`rg, `ti.
• [`fn`fkc qu` sup`rgr ogie`s prcbufkcs c bcscs, gk`lgft` y tr`s pgrg lg dgrieg eging gtrçs.
knspcfmg lg dçqunfg `f pcsninùf gfmulgr, r`kuzig • Icfczig lgs knd`fsncf`s k` lg dçqunfg `f tckgs
lg v`lcinkgk y icdpru`o` qu` lgs icfknincf`s k`l lgs icfmurgincf`s y pr`pgrgincf`s, pgrg pck`r
t`rr`fc p`rdntgf lg dgfncorg k` dgf`rg s`murg. dgft`f`r lg knstgfing icrr`itg k` iuglqun`r costçiulc
• @xgdnf` sn`dpr` lg zcfg k` pgsc ousigfkc pcsnol`s qu` s` pr`s`ft`.
icfknincf`s k` rn`smc. • Qr`v`g `l `spginc pgrg lg rctginùf k` lg pgrt` pcst`rncr
• Igkg v`z qu` s`g pcsnol`, `vnt` gtrgv`sgr c sup`rgr k` lg tcrr`tg inriufkgfkc sn `s f`i`sgrnc lg zcfg icf
costçiulcs icdc bu`rt`s nrr`mulgrnkgk`s k`l t`rr`fc, vgllgs pgrg ndp`knr qu` fgkn` s` gi`rqu`.
rcigs, trcfics igäkcs, `siglcf`s, bcscs, ogie`s y • @stukn` `l d`hcr r`icrrnkc k` gi`rigdn`ftc gl çr`g
vägs. @f `l igsc `f qu` fc s` pu`kg `vntgr8 k` trgoghc.
- prci`kg colniugd`ft` y icf duieg pr`iguinùf y • @f lgs oghgkgs rçpnkgs, fc p`rdntg qu` `l dctcr
r`kuzig lg v`lcinkgk k` gvgfi`: trgogh` scor` rîmnd`f8 `lnhg lg v`lcinkgk dçs gkgptg
- iclùqu`s` l`ftgd`ft` scor` `l puftc k` `qunlnornc, gft`s k` gbrcftgr lg p`fkn`ft`. Qcsnol`d`ft`, `vnt`
`qunlnor` lg dçqunfg scor` `l costçiulc y lg dgrieg `f s`ftnkc trgfsv`rsgl g lg p`fkn`ft`.
k`si`fkg. Qrci`kg k`sk` grrnog eging goghc y vni`v`rsg.
•Qr`st` gt`finùf g lg sgiuknkg k` lg dçqunfg `f `l • Yn `f suonkg lg dçqunfg r`soglgs` lgt`rgld`ft`, mnr`
dcd`ftc `f qu` su ogrni`ftrc sup`rg `l costçiulc. nfd`kngtgd`ft` knrnmn`fkc `l brcftgl eging goghc.
• Qr`st` gt`finùf g lgs pcsnol`s vgrngincf`s k` • @l mrgkc k` p`fkn`ft` qu` s` pu`k` nft`ftgr sup`rgr
gke`r`fing qu` pu`k`f prcvcigr lg p`rknkg k` icftrcl k`p`fk` k` vgrncs bgitcr`s, icdc `l tnpc k` t`rr`fc,
k` lg dçqunfg. lg dgsg k` lg dçqunfg, lg v`lcinkgk y lg vnsnonlnkgk.
• @s f`i`sgrnc icfci`r lcs lädnt`s k` igrmg k` lcs Iugfkc s` trgslgkg `f p`fkn`ft`, fc `xnst`
pu`ft`s y lgs knd`fsncf`s k` lcs tøf`l`s. [gl`s fnfmufg r`mlg qu` pu`kg sustntunr lg `xp`rn`fing k`l
lädnt`s fc s` k`o`f sup`rgr. Gk`dçs, s` k`o` cp`rgkcr.
icfci`r lg glturg, lg gfieurg, lg lcfmntuk y lg dgsg • Kurgft` lcs trgslgkcs scor` p`fkn`ft`s, yg s`g
k` lg dçqunfg. Gprcv`ie` lg iclgocrginùf k` ufg eging `l dcft` icdc eging `l vgll`, dgft`f`r lg
p`rscfg `figrmgkg k` lgs s`÷glnzgincf`s `f `l su`lc tcrr`tg glnf`gkg icf lgs crumgs.
iugfkc lcs `spgincs scf lndntgkcs. • @vnt` igdongr lg knr`iinùf kurgft` lg trgslginùf `f
• igo`i`cs
Pf t`rr`fctgl`sgiink`ftgkc
qu` ll`v`f pu`k` igusgr
`l dçstnl cfk`cicfy
g icftgitc ufg p`fkn`ft`, pcrqu`
uf r`soglgdn`ftc lgt`rgl.pckräg prckuinr uf vu`lic c
läf`gs `lîitrnigs u ctrcs costçiulcs.
• [rgslgk` icf lcs prcy`itcr`s `fi`fknkcs y `dpl``
s`÷gl`s y ogfk`rgs gprcpngkgs.
• @f lcs mnrcs icfsnk`r` lgs knd`fsncf`s k`l dçstnl y
k`l igrrc.
• [rgslgk` icf `xtr`dg gt`finùf scor` t`rr`fc
icfm`lgkc c en`lc, scor` t`rr`fc icf `siglcf`s c
i`rig k` k`rrudo`s.
• Fc trgslgk` lg dçqunfg snf icfci`r gft`s
p`rb`itgd`ft` lg knr`iinùf `f lg qu` s` k`o`f
giincfgr lcs dgfkc k` trgslginùf. Lg pcsninùf k` lcs
dctcrr`kuitcr`s k` trgslginùf k`lgft` k` lg igonfg,
nfvn`rt` gutcdçtnigd`ft` lg knr`iinùf k`l dgfkc.
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
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@YQG×CL
FC_DGY QG_G @L _@DCLIGKC • Qgr` `l prci`kndn`ftc k` r`dclqu` sn lg dçqunfg qu`
qu `
r`dclig s` du`v` dn`ftrgs qu` lg r`dcligkg `stç
pgrgkg.
Q@LNM_C
Pf prci`kndn`ftc k` r`dcligkc nfc icrr`itc pu`k` • [`fmg gl däfndc `l çfmulc
çfm ulc k`l igol` k` r`dclqu`.
r`dc lqu`. Fc
igusgr giink`ft`s mrgv`s. sup`r` uf çfmulc k` k`svnginùf k` 91¸ k` lg pcsninùf
r`itnläf`g.
Qgrg uf r`dcligkc icrr`itc k` lg dçqunfg, r`sp`t` lgs • Dgfncorgr mrgkugld`ft` y icf sugvnkgk. Pf
snmun`ft`s nfstruiincf`s8 dcvndn`ftc orusic k` lg dçqunfg pckräg scor`igrmgr
• Fc gkdntg gl cp`rgkcr g ocrkc k` lg dçqunfg `l igol` c lg ogrrg k` r`dcligkc.
r`dcligkg.
• [`fmg lgs p`rscfgs pr`s`ft`s l`hcs k`l puftc k`
gfilgh`, k`l igol` c k` lg ogrrg k` r`dclqu`. FC_DGY QG_G @L K@YQLGXGDN@F[C K@ PFG
• Fcrdgld`ft` lg dçqunfg qu` r`dclig k`o`räg DÇWPNFG GR@_NGKG
t`f`r igrgit`rästnigs pgr`inkgs g lgs k` lg dçqunfg
r`dcligkg. Icdpru`o` qu` t`fmg igpginkgk k` • Fc `fi`fkg c pcfmg `f dgrieg ufg dçqunfg
br`fgkg, p`sc y pct`fing suin`ft`s pgrg icftrclgr gv`rngkg. K` ufg vu`ltg k` nfsp`iinùf glr`k`kcr
gdogs dçqunfgs `f r`lginùf g p`fkn`ft`s y knstgfings k` lg dçqunfg gft`s k` suonr g `llg. Gft`s k` usgr
qu` s` k`o`f sup`rgr. lg dçqunfg, `s f`i`sgrnc icdprcogr qu` iuglqun`r
• Qgrg p`rdntnr `l icftrcl y lg br`fgkg, k`splgzgfkc pcsnol` icfkninùf p`lnmrcsg pgrg lg s`murnkgk egyg
lg dçqunfg bu`rg k` s`rvninc `f oghgkg, pckrägf s`r snkc cpcrtufgd`ft` `lndnfgkg.
f`i`sgrngs ufg dçqunfg qu` r`dclig dçs mrgfk` c • Qgrg k`splgzgr ufg dçqunfg qu` fc bufincfg utnlnzgr
vgrngs dçqunfgs `fmgfiegkgs g lg pgrt` pcst`rncr, uf igdnùf c uf r`dclqu` k` plgtgbcrdg oghg sn s`
pgrg ndp`knr sntugincf`s nficftrclgol`s. knspcf` k` îl.
• Olcqu`` lg dçqunfg pgrg ndp`knr su dcvndn`ftc,
gft`s k` k`sicf`itgr lcs r`kuitcr`s fgl`s. Iugfkc
lcs r`kuitcr`s fgl`s `stçf k`sicf`itgkcs tgdonîf
lcs br`fcs `stçf k`sicf`itgkcs y lg dçqunfg s`
pu`k` dcv`r lnor`d`ft`.
• @f gdogs dçqunfgs k`o` `stgr pr`vnstg pgftgllgs
pgrg prct`m`r gl cp`rgkcr `f igsc k` rcturg k`l igol`
c k` lg ogrrg k` r`dclqu`.
• Ps` uf igol` c ufg ogrrg k` r`dclqu` icf ufg
r`snst`fing k` pcr lc d`fcs 7,0 v`i`s `l p`sc orutc
k` lg dgqunfg qu` r`dclig.
• Gft`s k`l r`dclqu`, icdpru`o` qu` `l igol` c lg
ogrrg k` r`dclqu` `stî `f ou`fgs
ou`f gs icfknincf`s y qu`
t`fmg bu`rzg suin`ft` pgrg r`snstnr gl `sbu`rzc qu`
eg k` scpcrtgr.
• Iugfkc s` r`dclig, gicplgr lg ogrrg k` r`dclqu`
sclc gl gmuh`rc k` r`dclqu` gft`rncr sn s` vg eging
gk`lgft` y gl pcst`rncr sn s` vg dgrieg gtrçs.
• Gs`mør`s` qu` lcs igol`s c lg ogrrg k` r`dclqu`
`stîf suh`tgkcs icrr`itgd`ft` y qu` `l puftc k`
gfilgh` s`g suin`ft`d`ft` rcoustc pgrg scst`f`r lg
igrmg pr`vnstg.
• Fc us` igk`fgs pgrg `l r`dclqu` (uf `slgoùf k` lg
igk`fg s` pu`k` rcdp`r y igusgr giink`ft`s mrgv`s).
Ps`, `f igdonc, uf igol` k` gi`rc icf grmcllgs c ufg
ogrrg rämnkg.
• Iclcqu` uf cos`rvgkcr `f ufg pcsninùf s`murg
pgrg pgrgr `l prci`kndn`ftc k` r`dclqu` sn `l igol`
`dpn`zg g rcdp`rs` c k`senlgiegrs`.
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
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ÇMNFG 7=
PYC
@YQG×CL
FC_DGY QG_G @L PYC Y@MP_C K@L FC_DGY QG_G @L L@RGF[
L@RGF[GDN@F[C
GDN@F[C
IGO_@Y[GF[@ GPUNLNG_
Iugfkc s` utnlnzg uf gpgrgtc k` `l`vginùf (mrøg k`
• Gøf iugfkc lg dçqunfg `stç prcvnstg k`
k ` igor`stgft` s`rvninc), `l `figrmgkc gutcrnzgkc g dgf`hgr lcs
guxnlngr, FC QP@K@ FPFIG Y@_ ICFYNK@_GKG `l`d`ftcs k`sdcftgol`s k` lg dçqunfg k`o` gt`f`rs`
PFG M_PG. rnmurcsgd`ft` g lgs snmun`ft`s nfstruiincf`s8
• @l igor`stgft` guxnlngr k`o` s`r utnlnzgkc øfnigd`ft`
pgrg cp`rgincf`s nfvcluirgkgs `f `l prci`sc k` Q@LNM_C
p`rbcrginùf icdc lg `l`vginùf k` icdpcf`ft`s k` lg Fc p`rdntg g fgkn` igdnfgr c trgoghgr pcr
dçqunfg, `qunpcs c gii`scrncs k` p`rbcrginùf. k`oghc k` lcs gii`scrncs l`vgftgkcs sn fc `stçf
• @l usc k`l igor`stgft` guxnlngr pgrg lg `l`vginùf gk`iugkgd`ft` olcqu`gkcs, pcrqu` pu`k`f ig`r y
k` dgt`rngl`s pgrg iuglqun`r ctrc prcpùsntc c k` prcvcigr l`sncf`s.
p`rscfgs `stç `xpr`sgd`ft` prcenonkc.
• Qgrg lgs cp`rgincf`s k` l`vgftgdn`ftc, utnlni`
`slnfmgs, igol`s c igk`fgs k` lcfmntuk y
igrgit`rästnigs icfcinkgs y gk`iugkgs g lg igrmg y
g lcs `sbu`rzcs qu` egf k` scpcrtgr: lcs mgfiecs
k`o`f `stgr prcvnstcs k` p`stnllc k` s`murnkgk icftrg
`l k`s`fmgfie` nfvcluftgrnc.
• Fc `xi`kg lg igpginkgk fcdnfgl k` igrmg k` lg
mrøg.
• Icftrcl` sn`dpr` gft`s k` nfningr lgs cp`rgincf`s
k` l`vgftgdn`ftc, `l `stgkc k` `in`fing k` lcs
gii`scrncs (igol`s, igk`fgs, mgfiecs y `slnfmgs).
• Icfczig sn`dpr` pcr lc d`fcs gprcxndgkgd`ft` `l
p`sc k` lg igrmg qu` s` l`vgftg.
• Dgft`fmg sn`dpr` lg igrmg k`ftrc k`l rgyc k` giinùf
pr`vnstc.
• Fc grrgstr` fufig lg igrmg pcr `l su`lc.
• I`rinùr`s` sn`dpr` qu` lg igrmg `stî gs`murgkg
p`rb`itgd`ft`.
• Dgft`fmg lg igrmg, iugfkc `s pcsnol`, g rgs k`l
su`lc y icdpru`o` qu` fc egyg costçiulcs `f `l
r`icrrnkc.
• Muä` g knstgfing lg igrmg l`vgftgkg d`kngft` iu`rkgs
`vntgfkc oglgfi`cs.
• Ptnlni` içfigdcs k` `l`vginùf sn `stçf pr`vnstcs.
• K`sicf` k` igk`fgs c igol`s `f dgl `stgkc,
r`tcrinkgs c kcolgkgs. Fc utnläi`lgs pgrg `l
l`vgftgdn`ftc.
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
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NFY[GLGINÙF ^ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
FC_DGY K@ Y@MP_NKGK
QG_G LG NFY[GLGINÙF ^ @L
DGF[@FNDN@F[C
[_GFYQC_[@
[_GFYQC_[ @ ^ L@RGF[GDN@F[C
L@RGF[GDN@F[C DCF[GH@ K@ LG DÇWPNFG
[rgfspcrt` scor` rgdpgs • [`fn`fkc qu` `fsgdolgr `f `l lumgr ufg dçqunfg,
c pgrt`s k` `llg, `s f`i`sgrnc knspcf`r c pr`pgrgr
• Gft`s k` k`splgzgr lg dçqunfg olcqu`` lg rctginùf uf çr`g k` knd`fsncf`s suin`ft`s, `qunpgkg
k` lg tcrr`tg pgrg pr`v`fnr uf dcvndn`ftc giink`ftgl. gk`iugkgd`ft`. Lg sup`rin` k`l çr`g k` trgoghc
• Qrci`kg sn`dpr` icf duieg gt`finùf iugfkc s` k`o` s`r llgfg y icdpgitg.
trgslgkg lg dçqunfg scor` `l vîeniulc k` trgfspcrt`. • K`sdcftgfkc c dcftgfkc p`rfcs k` icf`xnùf,
• Ps` rgdpgs k` r`snst`fing gk`iugkg, k` p`fkn`ft` pr`st` gt`finùf g pgrtäiulgs d`tçlnigs vclgft`s, qu`
oghg y k` glturg gk`iugkg. pckrägf igusgr l`sncf`s.
• [`fmg `l plgfc k`l v`eäiulc k` trgfspcrt` lndpnc, • @l çr`g k` dcftgh` k`o` `stgr on`f k`lndntgkg y,
`lndnfgfkc tn`rrg, gi`nt` y ctrcs dgt`rngl`s qu` kurgft` `l dcftgh`, s` k`o` prcenonr `l gii`sc g
pckrägf s`r r`soglgknzcs. tckgs dçqunfgs pr`s`ft`s `f lg corg.
• Gt` k` dgf`rg s`murg lg dçqunfg gl v`eäiulc y
olcqu`` `l tr`f k` rckgh` y lg tcrr`tg. Pf gfilgh` k` lg
FC_DGY ICF[_G IGÄKGY K@ GL[P_G
dçqunfg `b`itugkc fc
`l k`splgzgdn`ftc k`icrr`itgd`ft`
lg igrmg icfpu`k` prcvcigr
icfsnmun`ft`s
kg÷cs g p`rscfgs c icsgs. Iugfkc s` k`o` gii`k`r g zcfgs gltgs k` lg dçqunfg,
utnlni` ufg `sigl`rg c plgtgbcrdg icf ogrgfknllg y
L`vgftgdn`ftc k` lg dçqunfg knspcsntnvcs gftnigäkgs.
F C_DGY
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@YQG×CL
FC_DGY M@F@_GL@Y QG_G @L • Ps` sn`dpr` e`rrgdn`ftgs qu` `stîf `f ou`fgs
DGF[@FNDN@F[C icfknincf`s.
• Iugfkc s` utnlnzg uf knspcsntnvc k` lgvgkc icf vgpcr,
Q@LNM_C pùfmgs` rcpg prct`itnvg. @l vgpcr igln`ft` pu`k`
Iugfkc s` `b`itøgf nft`rv`fincf`s k` dgft`fndn`ftc igusgr l`sncf`s bäsnigs mrgv`s.
g ocrkc k` lg dçqunfg, `s colnmgtcrnc iclcigr uf igrt`l • Iugfkc s` `dpl`g `l gnr` icdprndnkc pgrg lg lndpn`zg
k` DÇWPNFG BP@_G K@ Y@_RNINC, pr`b`rnol`d`ft` k` pgrtniulgr`s, ll`v` mgbgs k` s`murnkgk icf vns`rgs
i`rig k`l icfdutgkcr k` `fi`fknkc. lgt`rgl`s. Lndnt` lg pr`snùf g ? ogr s`møf lgs fcrdgs
lcigl`s y fgincfgl`s vnm`ft`s.
G[@FINÙF • Olcqu`` sn`dpr` `l igpù y lgs pu`rtgs k`spuîs
Yn `f pgrtniulgr`s nft`rv`fincf`s k` dgft`fndn`ftc k` ego`rlc gon`rtcs. Fc k`h` `l igpù c lgs pu`rtgs
bu`rg f`i`sgrnc pcf`r `f dgrieg `l dctcr kn`s`l, gon`rtcs icf lg dçqunfg `f ufg p`fkn`ft` c icf
`stc s`rç nfknigkc `f `l nft`rncr k`l r`lgtnvc igpätulc vn`ftc bu`rt`.
kcfk` s` prcbufknzg `l grmud`ftc. • Fc p`rdntg fufig g fgkn` igdnfgr pcr k`oghc c
p`rdgf`i`r i`rig k` ufg e`rrgdn`ftg glzgkg.
Q@LNM_C • Fc pcfmg lg igo`zg, `l iu`rpc, lgs `xtr`dnkgk`s,
Fc p`rdntg g p`rscfgs fc gutcrnzgkgs r`pgrgr c lgs dgfcs, lcs pn`s c lcs k`kcs `f ufg zcfg k`
`b`itugr `l dgft`fndn`ftc k` lg dçqunfg. Fc `b`itø` inzgllgdn`ftc qu` fc t`fmg prct`iincf`s, snf ego`r
nft`rv`fincf`s qu` fc egygf snkc gutcrnzgkgs. olcqu`gkc gft`s bu`rt`d`ft` lgs pgrt`s.
• Fc luornqu`, r`pgr` c r`mul` lg dçqunfg icf `l dctcr
• @stç prcenonkc trgfsntgr c p`rdgf`i`r k`oghc k` `f dgrieg, sn fc `stç `xpr`sgd`ft` sclnintgkc pcr
igrmgs `f susp`fsnùf, k`oghc k` pgrt`s k` lg dçqunfg `st` dgfugl.
scst`fnkgs sclgd`ft` pcr inlnfkrcs enkrçulnics c sclc • K`sicf`it` lgs ogt`rägs y iclcqu` igrt`l`s `f tckcs
pcr igol`s. lcs dgfkcs pgrg gkv`rtnr qu` egy trgoghcs `f iursc.
• K`sicf`it` sn`dpr` `l icfdutgkcr k` `fi`fknkc, • Kurgft` lcs icftrcl`s k`l `qunpc qu` f`i`sntgf
gft`s k` lndpngr, r`pgrgr c `b`itugr nft`rv`fincf`s qu` `l dctcr `stî `f dgrieg, k`o` ego`r sn`dpr`
pgrg pr`v`fnr pu`stgs `f dgrieg giink`ftgl`s y fc uf cp`rgkcr s`ftgkc `f `l pu`stc k` icfkuiinùf
gutcrnzgkgs. dn`ftrgs `l d`içfnic trgoghg.
• Qgr` `l dctcr y iclcqu` lg pglgfig k` s`murnkgk `f • Iugfkc s` k`o`f `b`itugr r`pgrgincf`s c
lg pcsninùf k` olcqu`c, gft`s k` `dp`zgr iuglqun`r dgft`fndn`ftc `f zcfgs g lgs qu` fc s` pu`k`
r`mulginùf c r`pgrginùf. gii`k`r k`sk` `l su`lc, utnlni` ufg `sigl`rg c ufg
• Dgft`fmg sn`dpr` lndpngs y on`f vnsnol`s lgs plgigs plgtgbcrdg icf `siglcf`s qu` r`sp`t` lgs fcrdgs
y lgs iglicdgfägs k` s`murnkgk. Yustntuyg tckgs lgs lcigl`s c fgincfgl`s pgrg gligfzgr lg zcfg k` trgoghc.
plgigs y iglicdgfägs k` s`murnkgk qu` s` `fiu`ftr`f Yn fc egy knspcfnol`s fn lg `sigl`rg fn lg plgtgbcrdg
nl`mnol`s, kg÷gkgs y r`nft`mrgrlgs sn bgltgf. utnlni` lgs dgfnllgs y lcs p`lkg÷cs k` lg dçqunfg.
• Dgft`fmg lgs zcfgs
p`lkg÷cs lndpncs y k` pgsc,
lnor`s k` lgs plgtgbcrdgs
dgt`rngl`s y lcs
`xtrg÷cs @b`itø` tckgs icf
k` r`pgrginùf lgs gt`finùf.
cp`rgincf`s k` dgft`fndn`ftc y
icdc pcr `h`dplc e`rrgdn`ftgs u ctrcs coh`tcs qu` • Fc glnf`` fufig lcs gmuh`rcs icf lcs k`kcs c icf lgs
fc bcrdgf pgrt` k` lg dçqunfg. dgfcs. @dpl`` ufg e`rrgdn`ftg gkgptg.
• Ll`v` gurniulgr`s k` prct`iinùf ecdclcmgkcs sn s` • @lndnf` lgs grnstgs vnvgs y lgs r`ogogs k` lcs
`stç `xpu`stc g fnv`l`s giøstnics sup`rncr`s g >1 pgrtniulgr`s r`pgrgkcs.
kOG pcr > ecrgs. • Duîvgs` icf gt`finùf iugfkc `stç k`ftrc c i`rig k`k`
• L`g gt`ftgd`ft` `st` dgfugl gft`s k` prci`k`r lg dçqunfg c k` sus e`rrgdn`ftgs.
icf lgs cp`rgincf`s k` `fi`fknkc, `dpl`c, • [`fmg lgs dgfcs y lg rcpg l`hcs k` lgs pgrt`s `f
dgft`fndn`ftc, gogst`indn`ftc k` icdoustnol` u dcvndn`ftc.
ctrgs nft`rv`fincf`s `f lg dçqunfg.
• Qgrg `b`itugr r`pgrgincf`s `f lg corg, ll`v` lg
• L`g tckgs lgs `tnqu`tgs k` s`murnkgk gplnigkgs g lg dçqunfg g ufg zcfg llgfg y olcquî`lg.
dçqunfg y r`sp`t` lgs fcrdgs qu` icftn`f`f gft`s k`
• Fc gdcftcf` trgpcs dgfiegkcs k` gi`nt` y k` mrgsg.
`fi`fk`r, giincfgr, gprcvnsncfgr, r`pgrgr c `b`itugr
@stcs icfstntuy`f uf p`lnmrc k` nfi`fknc. Iclùqu`lcs
`l dgft`fndn`ftc k` lg dçqunfg.
• Qgrg `vntgr l`sncf`s bäsnigs us` ufg pcl`g c s`r • `f
Lcsuf prckuitcs
r`inpn`ft` d`tçlnic i`rrgkc. scf
gftncxnkgft`s vclçtnl`s `
gyukgkc iugfkc s` l`vgftgf icdpcf`ft`s icf uf
nfgdgol`s. Qr`pçr`lcs `f uf lumgr on`f v`ftnlgkc.
p`sc sup`rncr g ?9 jm.
[`fmg lgs llgdgs lnor`s on`f l`hcs. Fc bud`. Gldgi`f`
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
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@YQG×CL
lcs r`inpn`ft`s `f uf lumgr br`sic y on`f v`ftnlgkc FC_DGY QG_G @L DGF[@FNDN@F[C K@L DC[C_
kcfk` fc pu`kg gii`k`r p`rscfgl fc gutcrnzgkc. ^ K@L IN_IPN[C
IN_IPN[C ICDOPY[NOL@
ICDOPY[NOL@
• Fc ll`v` coh`tcs su`ltcs `f lcs oclsnllcs qu` pckrägf
ig`r nf`sp`rgkgd`ft` `f lcs icdpgrtndn`ftcs • Icftrcl` p`rnùknigd`ft` tckcs lcs icdpcf`ft`s k` lg
gon`rtcs. nfstglginùf k` k`sigrmg k`l dctcr, yg qu` lcs mgs`s
• Qgrg lgs cp`rgincf`s qu` f`i`sntgf k` lg pr`s`fing k` k`sigrmg scf p`lnmrcscs pgrg `l cp`rgkcr.
k`l dgft`f`kcr `f ufg pcsninùf `sigsgd`ft` vnsnol`, • Yn s` pn`rk` `l tgpùf crnmnfgl k`l k`pùsntc k`
pnkg lg gsnst`fing k` uf s`mufkc dgft`f`kcr g ocrkc icdoustnol`, `s f`i`sgrnc sustntunrlc icf uf tgpùf
k` lg dçqunfg. gprcogkc y ecdclcmgkc.
• Ll`v` sn`dpr` rcpg prct`itnvg pgrg `vntgr `l rn`smc k` • Fc bud` c p`rdntg qu` egyg llgdgs lnor`s c ienspgs
qu`dgkurgs. `f lgs i`rigfägs iugfkc s` gogst`i` `l icdoustnol`
c s` dgf`hgf dgt`rngl`s gltgd`ft` nfgdgol`s.
NDQC_[GF[@
@v`ftugl`s sclkgkurgs gl gric scor` dçqunfgs
`qunpgkgs icf gpgrgtcs `lîitrnics y/c `l`itrùfnics k`
dgfkc, icftrcl y s`÷glnzginùf scf k`sgicfs`hgkgs
g prncrn.
• Fc
pgrg `dpl`` llgdgs lnor`s
ousigr p`rknkgs icdc bu`ft`s
c nfsp`iincfgr zcfgsk`k` luz
lg
• Qùfmgs` `l `qunpc k` sclkgkcr (pgftgllg k` prct`iinùf dçqunfg.
k` lg igrg y chcs icf irnstgl icftrg rgkngincf`s, igsic,
rcpg k` prct`iinùf, iglzgkc k` s`murnkgk y mugft`s • @lndnf` nfd`kngtgd`ft`, gp`fgs s` dgfn`stg,
k` prct`iinùf) igkg v`z qu` s` sglk` c s` icrt` icf iuglqun`r p`rknkg k` icdoustnol` qu` pckräg igusgr
`l gric vcltgnic. Ll`v` mgbgs k` s`murnkgk csiurgs nfi`fkncs.
iugfkc s` `stç i`rig k` lg `h`iuinùf k` sclkgkurgs. • Fc `b`itø` `l vgingkc icf `l dctcr igln`ft` pcrqu`
Fc dnr` `l gric snf ufg gprcpngkg prct`iinùf k` lcs lg `v`ftugl sglnkg k` icdoustnol` `f `l icl`itcr k`
chcs. k`sigrmg igln`ft` icdpcrtg p`lnmrc k` nfi`fknc.
• Qgrg `vntgr qu`dgkurgs, pr`s` gt`finùf g lgs pgrt`s
igln`ft`s k`l dctcr qu` egyg snkc gpgmgkc hustc
gft`s y g läqunkcs enrvn`ft`s `f lcs tuocs y `f lcs
icfkuitcs.
• K`h` `fbrngr `l dctcr gft`s k` nfningr iuglqun`r
nft`rv`finùf.
• Fc `h`iut` sclkgkurgs c icrt`s gl gric scor` k`pùsntcs • K`s`frcsqu` `l tgpùf k`l rgkngkcr l`ftgd`ft` pgrg
c tuo`rägs gft`s qu` egygf snkc k`sdcftgkcs, pck`r k`sigrmgr lg pr`snùf gft`s k` quntgr `l tgpùf.
`vgiugkcs y lndpngkcs k` tckc r`stc k` gi`nt` c G÷gkg `l r`brnm`rgft` icf `l dctcr pgrgkc c gl däfndc
icdoustnol`. sn `stg igln`ft`.
• Fc `b`itø` sclkgkurgs c icrt`s gl gric `f lgs • Dgft`fmg `l icl`itcr y `l tuoc k` k`sigrmg lnor`s k`
i`rigfägs k` läqunkcs nfgdgol`s. dgt`rngl`s icdoustnol`s.
• @l pu`stc k` trgoghc pgrg sclkgr tn`f` qu` `stgr • Kct` lg dçqunfg k` pgftgllgs y r`smugrkcs iugfkc
s`÷glgkc ilgrgd`ft` y s`pgrgkc icf dgdpgrgs, s` trgoghg `f pr`s`fing k` dgt`rngl`s icdoustnol`s
tgdonîf k`sdcftgol`s, nft`mrgkgs, sn bu`rg pcsnol`, lnor`s `f `l gnr`
icf icrtnfgs c pgf`l`s nficdoustnol`s pgrg prct`m`r • Fc us` fufig `l läqunkc k` pu`stg `f dgrieg i`rig
g ctrcs cp`rgrncs k` lgs `dnsncf`s k` rgkngincf`s y k` dgt`rngl`s `fi`fknkcs c eud`gft`s, llgdgs
prcy`iincf`s prckuinkgs pcr `l gric k` sclk`c. lnor`s c ienspgs pcr igusg k` lg pr`s`fing k` läqunkc
nfgdgol`.
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
Y@MP_NKGK - Q
ÇMNFG ?7
NFY[GLGINÙF ^ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
• _`iu`rk` qu` lcs läqunkcs `sp`ingl`s pgrg lg pu`stg FC_DGY QG_G @L DGF[@FNDN@F[C K@L [_@F K@
`f dgrieg scf nfgdgol`s. Qgrg su `dpl`c `s _CKGH@
f`i`sgrnc s`munr `sirupulcsgd`ft` lgs nfstruiincf`s
sudnfnstrgkgs `f `l r`inpn`ft` k`l
k `l prckuitc. Gldgi`f` • Lg mrgsg qu` sgl` oghc pr`snùf k` lg vçlvulg k`
lcs r`inpn`ft`s `f uf lumgr br`sic y on`f v`ftnlgkc, dçxndg k`l t`fscr k` crumg, pu`k` p`f`trgr `f lg
nfgii`snol` g p`rscfgs fc gutcrnzgkgs. pn`l y igusgr mrgv`s l`sncf`s ` nfilusc lg du`rt`. Fc
• Lgs p`rknkgs c k`rrgdgdn`ftcs k` icdoustnol`
scor` sup`rin`s igln`ft`s c icdpcf`ft`s `lîitrnics
dnr`
sglnkgfufig lg vçlvulg k` dçxndg pgrg icftrclgr lg
k` mrgsg.
pu`k`f igusgr uf nfi`fknc. Lndpn` nfd`kngtgd`ft` • Icftrclgr lgs crumgs pgrg icdprcogr lg t`fsnùf
iuglqun`r r`stc k` icdoustnol` qu` prcv`fmg k` icrr`itg c `l gchgdn`ftc k` lgs igk`fgs.
p`rknkgs c k`rrgdgdn`ftcs. • Fc `dpl`` inlnfkrcs ndprcvnsgkcs pgrg r`mnstrgr lg
• Fc icftrcl` c gogst`zig `l k`pùsntc k` icdoustnol`, t`fsnùf k` lgs crumgs.
fc nfstgl` lgs ogt`rägs c utnlni` `l läqunkc k` `fi`fknkc
i`rig k` dgt`rngl`s `fi`fknkcs, eud`gft`s c
llgdgs lnor`s g igusg k` lg pr`s`fing k` vgpcr`s FC_DGY QG_G @L DGF[@FNDN@F[C K@ DÇY[NL ^
nfgdgol`s. INF@DG[NYDCY
• Gft`s k` sudnfnstrgr `l icdoustnol` y kurgft` `l
gogst`indn`ftc t`fmg lg pnstclg `f icftgitc icf lg • Olcqu`` sn`dpr` icf uf scpcrt` `xt`rncr iuglqun`r
ocig k` nftrckuiinùf k`l icdoustnol` pgrg r`kuinr inf`dgtnsdc c pgrt` k` lg dçqunfg qu` f`i`snt` ufg
lg prcogonlnkgk k` qu` sglt`f ienspgs k`onkc g nft`rv`finùf iugfkc `stçf `f pcsninùf glzgkg icdc
`l`itrninkgk `l`itrc`stçtnig. Dgft`fmg `l icftgitc `stç pr`vnstc pcr lgs fcrdgs lcigl`s c fgincfgl`s.
egstg iugfkc egyg i`sgkc `l uhc k`l igrourgft`.
• Fc `ie` mgsclnfg c mgsùl`c `f uf r`inpn`ft` gon`rtc.
Fc utnlni` fufig mgsclnfg, knsclv`ft`s u ctrcs FC_DGY QG_G @L DGF[@FNDN@F[C K@ QN@XGY
unkcs nfgdgol`s pgrg lndpngr pgrtniulgr`s. Ptnlni` @F DCRNDN@F[C
knsclv`ft`s icd`ringl`s ecdclcmgkcs qu` fc s`gf
nfgdgol`s c tùxnics. • Fc nft`ft` fufig icftrclgr c r`mulgr lgs icrr`gs k`l
• Gpgmu` tckcs lcs dgt`rngl`s eud`gft`s c lgs v`ftnlgkcr icf `l dctcr `f dgrieg.
llgdgs lnor`s gft`s k` nft`rv`fnr `f lg nfstglginùf k` • Fc luornqu` fufig lg dçqunfg icf `l dctcr `f
glnd`ftginùf k`l icdoustnol`. Cor` colnmgtcrngd`ft` dgrieg.
icf `l dctcr gpgmgkc. • Fc pcfmg lg igo`zg, `l iu`rpc, lgs `xtr`dnkgk`s, lgs
• Fc d`zil` mgsclnfg c glicecl gl mgsùl`c. Knieg dgfcs y lcs pn`s i`rig k` icrr`gs c pglgs mnrgtcrngs.
d`zilg pu`k` prcvcigr `xplcsncf`s. [`fmg iunkgkc, `f pgrtniulgr, `f pr`s`fing k`
v`ftnlgkcr`s.
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
Y@MP_NKGK - Q
ÇMNFG ??
NFY[GLGINÙF ^ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
FC_DGY QG_G @L DGF[@FNDN@F[C K@ LG
NFY[GLGINÙF @LÎI[_NIG
• Icdpru`o`, tgdonîf kurgft` `l käg, sn egy ocdonllgs • Fc icftrcl` fufig lg igrmg pcfn`fkc coh`tcs d`tçlnics
bufknkgs y sustntøyglgs nfd`kngtgd`ft`. `f icftgitc icf lcs pclcs.
• Iclcqu` sn`dpr` `l icfdutgkcr k` `fi`fknkc • Fc pcfmg `f igrmg lgs ogt`rägs `f gdon`ft` i`rrgkcs.
`f lg pcsninùf k` olcqu`c gft`s k` `b`itugr `l Qr`v`g ufg v`ftnlginùf gk`iugkg pgrg pr`v`fnr ufg
dgft`fndn`ftc c k` r`pgrgr lg dçqunfg. `xplcsnùf giink`ftgl k`onkg g lg giudulginùf k` mgs
• Icftrcl` qu` fc egyg p`rknkgs k` `l`itrùlntc k` lgs `xplcsnvc `dgfgkc kurgft` lg bgs` k` igrmg.
ogt`rägs gft`s k` `dp`zgr `l dgft`fndn`ftc c lg
r`pgrginùf. @lndnf` lgs p`rknkgs gft`s k` prci`k`r.
• K`sicf`it` lgs ogt`rägs gft`s k` nft`rv`fnr `f
lg nfstglginùf `lîitrnig c k` `b`itugr trgoghcs k`
iuglqun`r tnpc.
• Gft`s k` sustntunr uf busnol` bufknkc icf ctrc k`l
dnsdc gdp`rgh`, ousqu` y `lndnf` lgs igusgs qu`
egf prcvcigkc `l nficfv`fn`ft`.
• Fc nfstgl` busnol`s icf uf gdp`rgh` sup`rncr gl
nfknigkc.
Ogt`rägs
• Lgs ogt`rägs `dnt`f vgpcr`s nfgdgol`s qu` pu`k`f
`xplctgr y igusgr giink`ft`s.
• Ndpnkg lg bcrdginùf k` ienspgs `f lg zcfg k` lgs
ogt`rägs pcrqu` pu`k`f igusgr lg `xplcsnùf k` lcs
vgpcr`s.
• @vnt` qu` lgs `xtr`dnkgk`s k` lcs igol`s pu`ft` `ftr`f
`f icftgitc lg ufg icf lg ctrg c icf lg dçqunfg.
• Fc bud` iugfkc s` icftrclg `l fnv`l k`l `l`itrùlntc `f
lgs ogt`rägs.
• Ll`v` sn`dpr` mgbgs k` prct`iinùf iugfkc s` pcf`
`f dgrieg ufg dçqunfg icf lcs igol`s guxnlngr`s.
• Qrci`kndn`ftcs k` icf`xnùf fc icrr`itcs k` igol`s
guxnlngr`s pu`k`f prcvcigr ufg `xplcsnùf icf
pcsnonlnkgk k` l`sncf`s p`rscfgl`s. Icf`it` sn`dpr`
`ftr` `llcs `l pcsntnvc k` lg ogt`räg mgstgkg (+) icf `l
pcsntnvc (+) k` lg ctrg ogt`räg, y `l f`mgtnvc (-) icf `l
f`mgtnvc (-).
• @b`itu` `l pu`ft` sclgd`ft` icf ufg bu`ft` k`
`f`rmäg icf lg dnsdg t`fsnùf k` lg dçqunfg pgrgkg.
• Gs`mør`s` k` icf`itgr lcs igol`s k` icf`xnùf gl pclc
`xgitc (+ icf + y - icf -) `f gdogs `xtr`dnkgk`s.
@vnt` icrtcinriuntgr lcs ocrf`s.
• Lgs ogt`rägs icftn`f`f çinkc sulbørnic. Qrct`hg lcs
chcs iugfkc s` trgoghg i`rig k` ufg ogt`räg, pgrg
`vntgr pcsnol`s sglpnigkurgs k` lg scluinùf çinkg. @f
`l igsc `f qu` `l çinkc `ftrgs` `f
` f icftgitc icf lg pn`l,
lcs chcs c lg rcpg, gilgr` nfd`kngtgd`ft` icf gmug gl
d`fcs pcr 70 dnfutcs. Icfsult` nfd`kngtgd`ft` g
uf dîknic.
• Kurgft` lg igrmg, k`h` gon`rtg lg tgpgk`rg k`l
icdpgrtndn`ftc k` lgs ogt`rägs pgrg d`hcrgr lg
v`ftnlginùf.
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 5=/902
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
Y@MP_NKGK - Q
ÇMNFG ?9
NFY[GLGINÙF ^ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
FC_DGY QG_G @L DGF[@FNDN@F[C K@ LG FC_DGY QG_G @L DGF[@FNDN@F[C K@ LG
NFY[GLGINÙF ENK_ÇPLNIG NFY[GLGINÙF K@ ILNDG[NXGINÙF
• Lgs bumgs k` unkc oghc pr`snùf g trgvîs k` p`qu`÷cs • Fc gorg fufig pcr sn dnsdc lg nfstglginùf k` gnr`
gmuh`rcs scf igsn nfvnsnol`s y pu`k`f t`f`r suin`ft` gicfknincfgkc pcrqu` icftn`f` glmufcs mgs`s qu`
bu`rzg pgrg p`rbcrgr lg pn`l. Ps` uf trczc k` igrtùf c fc k`o`f s`r k`sigrmgkcs `f lg gtdùsb`rg. Yu
k`
lgs dgk`rg
dgfcs. pgrg ousigr p`rknkgs k` pr`snùf. Fc us` icfi`sncfgrnc
knspcf` k` `qunpcsc `sp`inglnstg
`sp`ingl`sk`l gnr`
pgrg gicfknincfgkc
`l dgft`fndn`ftc
• Qgr` `l dctcr y gs`mør`s` qu` lg pr`snùf egyg k` lg nfstglginùf.
snkc k`sigrmgkg gft`s k` k`sdcftgr icstgkcs, • @l r`brnm`rgft` pu`k` s`r p`lnmrcsc sn `s dgfnpulgkc
`fvclturgs, prct`iincf`s y tgpgk`rgs c k` k`sicf`itgr `f dgf`rg ndprcpng, `s ndpcrtgft` pcr lc tgftc
icdpcf`ft`s enkrçulnics. knrnmnrs` g tgll`r`s `sp`inglnzgkcs kctgkcs k` `qunpcs
• Iugfkc s` k`o`f `b`itugr d`knkgs k` pr`snùf `dpl`` gprcpngkcs pgrg iuglqun`r r`pgrginùf.
uf dgfùd`trc gkgptc g lcs vglcr`s pr`vnstcs. • @l cp`rgkcr fc k`o` `b`itugr fnfmufg nft`rv`finùf
• Qrct`hg lcs tuocs `xnol`s kurgft` lgs cp`rgincf`s k` `f lg nfstglginùf k`l gnr` gicfknincfgkc. @xnst` `l
sclkgkurg yg qu` lgs sglpnigkurgs k` lg sclkgkurg rn`smc k` mrgv` icfm`lginùf u ctrc tnpc k` giink`ft`
scf duy p`f`trgft`s y pu`k`f p`rbcrgr c k`onlntgr lcs pcr iulpg k` lg bumg k` r`brnm`rgft`.
tuocs `xnol`s, icf lg r`lgtnvg p`rknkg k` gi`nt`. • Fc `xpcfmg fufig iuglqun`r pgrt` k` lg nfstglginùf
k` gicfknincfgdn`ftc g ufg llgdg c g iglcr `xi`snvc,
pcrqu` `xnst` `l p`lnmrc k` nfi`fknc c k` `xplcsnùf.
• Fc `stçf icfs`ftnkcs trgoghcs k` sclkgkurg `f lgs
pgrt`s k` lg nfstglginùf c i`rig k` `llg, fn snqun`rg
k`spuîs k` qu` `l r`brnm`rgft` egyg snkc k`sigrmgkc.
@xnst` `l p`lnmrc k` `xplcsnùf y `fv`f`fgdn`ftc.
• Fc lndpn` lgs pgrt`s k` lg nfstglginùf icf iecrrcs k`
vgpcr.
FC
CJ
FC
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
Y@MP_NKGK - Q
ÇMNFG ?;
Q_@IGPINCF@Y QG_G LG YGLPK
@YQG×CL
Q_@IGPINCF@Y QG_G LG YGLPK
ICF[GI[C ICF GI@N[@Y, ÇINKCY,
ICDOPY[NOL@ ^ _@B_NM@_GF[@Y
• Yn
ufs` en`r` icf
dîknic. Yn fcufg bumg k` unkc
s` gkcptgf icfsult` `fs`munkg
nfd`kngtgd`ft` lgs iurgs
cpcrtufgs pckrägf surmnr nfb`iincf`s c r`giincf`s
mrgv`s.
• @f m`f`rgl egy qu` `vntgr `l icftgitc iutçf`c icf
iuglqun`r tnpc k` icdoustnol`, luornigft`, çinkc,
sclv`ft`, `ti. pcrqu` lg dgycr pgrt` k` `llcs icftn`f`
sustgfings qu` pu`k`f s`r fcinvgs pgrg lg sgluk.
• @vnt` `l icftgitc prclcfmgkc y r`p`tnkc k` lg pn`l
icf lcs gi`nt`s usgkcs k`l dctcr. Kniec icftgitc
prclcfmgkc y r`p`tnkc pu`k` prcvcigr `fb`rd`kgk`s
mrgv`s k` lg pn`l u ctrgs mrgv`s l`sncf`s bäsnigs.
• Fc
Fc us` fufig lgs dgfcs pgrg ousigr p`rknkgs k`
unkcs. Pf iecrrc k` icdoustnol` c gi`nt` g gltg
pr`snùf pu`k` prcvcigr l`sncf`s bäsnigs mrgv`s.
• @l nfenonkcr k` lg cxnkginùf icftn`f` ufg sustgfing
gliglnfg. @vnt` `l icftgitc k` knieg sustgfing icf
lcs chcs. @vnt` `l icftgitc prclcfmgkc y r`p`tnkc icf
lg pn`l. Fc nfmn`rg `l prckuitc. @f igsc k` icftgitc
icf lcs chcs, lgv` nfd`kngtc y goufkgft`d`ft` icf
gmug icrrn`ft` gl d`fcs pcr 70 dnfutcs y icfsult`
nfd`kngtgd`ft` g uf dîknic.
• @l mgsùl`c y lg d`tnl`tnli`tcfg (D@J) scf sustgfings
nfgdgol`s y k`o`f s`r utnlnzgkgs icf pr`iguinùf.
Ynmg lgs nfstruiincf`s k`l bgornigft` pgrg mgrgftnzgr
lg dçxndg s`murnkgk kurgft` lg dgfnpulginùf k` lgs
dnsdgs.
• Yn `l r`brnm`rgft` `ftrg `f icftgitc icf lcs chcs, `s
f`i`sgrnc lgvgrlcs nfd`kngtgd`ft` icf gmug bräg
kurgft` ufcs 0 dnfutcs y icfsult` nfd`kngtgd`ft`
g uf dîknic.
• Yn `l r`brnm`rgft` `ftrg `f icftgitc icf lg pn`l `s
f`i`sgrnc usgr `l dnsdc trgtgdn`ftc qu` pgrg lg
icfm`lginùf. Igl`ft` lg pgrt` nft`r`sgkg icf lg
dgfc c icf gmug t`dplgkg (9?¸I). Iuorg icf ufg
v`fkg chg pgrg prct`m`r k` lgs nfb`iincf`s lg zcfg
nft`r`sgkg y icfsult` nfd`kngtgd`ft` g uf dîknic.
• Lgs ogt`rägs icftn`f`f çinkc sulbørnic. Qrct`hg lcs
chcs iugfkc s` trgoghg i`rig k` ufg ogt`räg, pgrg
`vntgr pcsnol`s sglpnigkurgs k` lg scluinùf çinkg. @f
`l igsc `f qu` `l çinkc `ftrgs` `f icftgitc
icf tgitc icf lg pn`l,
lcs chcs c lg rcpg, gilgr` nfd`kngtgd`ft` icf gmug gl
d`fcs pcr 70 dnfutcs. Icfsult` nfd`kngtgd`ft` g
uf dîknic.
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
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ÇMNFG ?0
Q_@IGPINCF@Y QG_G LG YGLPK
@YQG×CL
Q_ND@_GY G^PKGY @F IGYC K@
BPLMP_GINÙF
@f igsc k` `d`rm`fing y `f `sp`rg k` lg ll`mgkg k`l I) Yn `l giink`ftgkc fc `stç icfsin`ft` y fc s`
p`rscfgl dîknic, gtîfmgs` g lgs snmun`ft`s nfstruiincf`s p`rino` `l lgtnkc igrkngic
m`f`rgl`s pgrg pr`stgr ufg prnd`rg gyukg8 Qrci`kg k` lg snmun`ft` dgf`rg8
• Fc tcqu` gl giink`ftgkc icf lgs dgfcs k`sfukgs • Egmg kcs r`spnrgincf`s ` nfnin` lg icdpr`snùf k`l
egstg qu` fc s` egyg icdprcogkc qu` îl `stî tùrgx (dgsgh` igrkngic).
s`pgrgkc k` lg t`fsnùf. • Iclcqu` kcs k`kcs k` lg dgfc `ftr` lg ighg tcrçinig
• Gful` lg t`fsnùf sn `l giink`ftgkc s` `fiu`ftrg y `l `st`rfùf.
tckgväg oghc t`fsnùf. • Iclcqu` lg ctrg dgfc `findg y irui` lcs k`kcs `ftr`
• Fc sudnfnstr` läqunkcs gl giink`ftgkc `f fnfmøf `llcs.
igsc. • Dgft`fmg lcs orgzcs t`fknkcs y `dpuh` `f `l tùrgx
k` dgf`rg qu` s` prckuzig ufg oghgkg k`l dnsdc
G) Yn `l giink`ftgkc `stç icfsin`ft`, r`spnrg k` ufcs ;/0 id.
gutùfcdgd`ft`, y tn`f` `l lgtnkc igrkngic c • _`pntg lg cp`rginùf ufgs qunfi` v`i`s.
igrctnk`c
• Iclcqu` `l giink`ftgkc `f lg pcsninùf k` • Glt`rf` lg r`spnrginùf “ocig g ocig— k`sirntg
r`iup`rginùf pr`i`k`ft`d`ft` icf `l dgsgh` igrkngic,
dgft`fn`fkc ufg igk`fing k` 7 g 0.
• Mnr` `l giink`ftgkc eging uf lgkc, gpcygkc scor` uf
ecdorc. • _`pntg lgs s`iu`fings egstg qu` fc ll`mu`f lgs
• Dgft`fmg lg igo`zg nfilnfgkg icf lg dgfkäoulg lnor`, gyukgs.
k` dgf`rg qu` s` icfsn`ftg lg r`spnrginùf. • Yn lgs icfknincf`s k`l giink`ftgkc d`hcrgf icf lg
r`iup`rginùf k`l lgtnkc igrkngic, icftnfu` sclgd`ft`
• Gs`mur` `l giink`ftgkc k` dgf`rg qu` fc pu`kg icf lg r`spnrginùf.
mnrgrs` scor` sn dnsdc.
• Iugfkc `l giink`ftgkc r`iup`rg `l icfcindn`ftc,
iclùqu`lc `f lg pcsninùf k` r`iup`rginùf.
O) Yn `l giink`ftgkc fc `stç icfsin`ft` y fc r`spnrg
r`spnrg
gutùfcdgd`ft`
Qrci`kg k` lg snmun`ft` dgf`rg8
• Iclcqu` `l giink`ftgkc `f pcsninùf supnfg.
• Nfilnf` lg igo`zg k`l giink`ftgkc eging gtrçs y
l`vgftgr `l d`ftùf.
• @lndnf` iuglqun`r coh`tc qu` s` `fiu`ftr` `f lg
ocig c `f lg mgrmgftg (k`ftgkurg, inmgrrnllc, mcdg k`
dgsigr), utnlnzgfkc tgdonîf ufgs fcrdgl`s pnfzgs k`
`l`itrninstg.
• Yn `l giink`ftgkc fc s` r`iup`rg prci`kg icf lg
r`spnrginùf “ocig g ocig— .
• Gp`fgs `l giink`ftgkc r`iup`rg `l icfcindn`ftc,
iclùqu`lc `f lg pcsninùf k` r`iup`rginùf
r`iup`rginùf.
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
Y@MP_NKGK - Q
ÇMNFG ?2
Q_C[@IINÙF K@L D@KNC GDON@F[@
@YQG×CL
FC_DGY QG_G LG Q_C[@IINÙF
K@L D@KNC GDON@F[@
• Qcfmg pgrtniulgr gt`finùf `f icft`f`r `l v`rtnkc k`
unkc kurgft` lg nfsp`iinùf, `l dgft`fndn`ftc, lgs
pru`ogs, lgs r`mulgincf`s y lgs r`pgrgincf`s k` lg
dçqunfg.
• Qr`pgr` r`inpn`ft`s gk`iugkcs iugfkc s` gor` uf
icdpgrtnd`ftc c s` k`sdcftgf `l`d`ftcs qu`
icftn`f`f unkcs.
• @lndnf` lcs unkcs mgstgkcs r`sp`tgfkc lgs fcrdgs
vnm`ft`s.
• Nfbcrdîs` scor` lg l`mnslginùf `f dgt`rng `f `l pgäs y
gs`mør`s` k` icdpr`fk`rlg.
• Yn fc `xnst` ufg fcrdgtnvg `sp`iäig, nfbcrdîs` `f
`l prcv``kcr k` luornigft`s, icdoustnol`s, gftn-en`lc,
knsclv`ft`s k` lndpn`zg, pcr lc qu` s` r``r` gl `b`itc
k` `stcs prckuitc `f `l ecdor` y `f lg fgturgl`zg
y scor` lgs dckglnkgk`s pgrg su icfs`rvginùf,
utnlnzginùf y `lndnfginùf.
• @vnt` k` egi`r gogst`indn`ftc k` icdoustnol` icf
onkcf`s c snst`dgs icf `rcmginùf oghc pr`snùf fc
gk`iugkcs, qu` pckrägf igusgr fctgol`s p`rknkgs k`
icdoustnol`.
• Lcs dck`rfcs gi`nt`s luornigft`s icftn`f`f
gkntnvcs. Fc qu`d` icdoustnol` icftgdnfgkc y/c
gi`nt`s mgstgkcs `f lgs fcrdgl`s nfstglgincf`s k`
igl`bgiinùf.
• @vnt` p`rknkgs iugfkc s` k`sigrmgf k` lg dçqunfg
läqunkc k` `fbrngdn`ftc, gi`nt` luornigft` k`l dctcr
y k`l igdonc, gi`nt` enkrçulnic, gi`nt` k` lcs br`fcs,
`ti.
• Fc d`zil` fufig icf luornigft`s `l gi`nt` k` lcs br`fcs
c `l icdoustnol` k`sigrmgkc. Y` k`o`f icfs`rvgr k`
dgf`rg s`murg egstg qu` fc s`g pcsnol` `lndnfgrlcs
icf dckglnkgk`s qu` r`sp`tgf lgs fcrdgtnvgs k`l
pgäs k` utnlnzginùf k` lg dçqunfg.
• Lgs dck`rfgs d`zilgs k` `fbrngdn`ftc, `s k`inr gftn-
en`lc y ctrcs gkntnvcs, s` sustntuy`f igkg kcs g÷cs.
Fc s` k`o` p`rdntnr lg knsp`rsnùf `f `l t`rr`fc, s`
k`o`f r`icm`r `f r`inpn`ft`s `sp`ingl`s y `lndnfgrlcs
k` dgf`rg s`murg.
• Qgrg prct`m`r `l gdon`ft`, lgs nfstglgincf`s k`
gicfknincfgdn`ftc icf r`brnm`rgft` läqunkc k`o`f
s`r vgingkgs icrr`itgd`ft` y r`ll`fgkgs utnlnzgfkc
gpgrgtcs qu` ndpnkgf lg sglnkg g lg gtdùsb`rg k` lcs
mgs`s k`l r`brnm`rgft` _79;g (ilcrcucrcigrourcs
IBI). Lgs fcrdgs vnm`ft`s colnmgf g lg r`iup`rginùf
r `iup`rginùf
y r`inilgh` k`l r`brnm`rgft`.
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
Y@MP_NKGK - Q
ÇMNFG ?=
Q_C[@IINÙF ICF[_G NFI@FKNCY
@YQG×CL
Q_C[@IINÙF ICF[_G NFI@FKNCY
Lg dçqunfg `stç prcvnstg k` uf `xtnftcr nfstglgkc k`trçs
k`l gsn`ftc k` icfkuiinùf, `f lg pcsninùf qu` s` nfknig Q@LNM_C
`f murg. Fc giincf` `l dctcr kn`s`l gllä kcfk` pukn`rg ego`r
pr`s`fing k` vgpcr`s k` icdoustnol`. @stcs vgpcr`s
Bgdnlngrnzgr icf `l usc k`l `xtnftcr8 prcogr g quntgrlc k` pu`k`f s`r k`l
gspnrginùf gspnrgkcs g trgvîs k`
gnr` y gi`l`rgr lg nfstglginùf
c dgfkgr k`
bu`rg k`
su sntnc, l``r lgs nfstruiincf`s r`lgtnvgs k` usc sn `stçf
`sirntgs `f lg `tnqu`tg k`l `xtnftcr. r`vcluincf`s `l dctcr, lc iugl pu`k` prcvcigr uf
nfi`fknc, `xplcsnùf y mrgv`s kg÷cs g p`rscfgs y/c
Egi`r icftrclgr p`rnùknigd`ft` lcs `xtnftcr`s pcr icsgs. Fud`rcscs knspcsntnvcs k` s`murnkgk, icdc
p`rscfgl iuglnigkc, k` dgf`rg qu` s` mgrgftni` lg lcs knspcsntnvcs k` in`rr` k` lg gspnrginùf k`l gnr`,
`in`fing `f igsc k` f`i`snkgk. scf knspcfnol`s pgrg r`kuinr gl däfndc `l rn`smc k`
`xplcsncf`s c nfi`fkncs. @l icfstruitcr YCNLD@I fc
Yn s` prckui` uf nfi`fknc `f lg dçqunfg fc nft`ftgr pu`k` pr`v`r `l usc y lgs icfknincf`s gdon`ftgl`s
gpgmgrlc icf `l gmug, `f `b`itc `l gmug fc knsdnfuy` `f lgs iugl`s cp`rgrç lg dçqunfg. @l Q_CQN@[G_NC y
lg icdoustnùf k`l gi`nt` y pckräg s`rvnr k` icfkuitcr `l CQ@_GKC_ scf r`spcfsgol`s k`l usc s`murc `f
k` icrrn`ft` `f `l igsc k` uf nfi`fknc `f lg nfstglginùf uf gdon`ft` ecstnl. Qgrg dçs nfbcrdginùf knrähgs` gl
`lîitrnig. Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftgs Ycnld`i.
G[@FINÙF
Ptnlnzgr
utnlnzgf sclgd`ft` lcs `xtnftcr`s
ctrcs `xtnftcr`s, `f kctginùf.
icdprcogr qu` s`gfYn k`l
s`
tnpc k` fn`v` k` gfeäkrnkc igroùfnic, `f s`ic c k`
`spudg.
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
Y@MP_NKGK - Q
ÇMNFG ?5
Q_C[@IINÙF ICF[_G NFI@FKNCY
@YQG×CL
PYC K@L @U[NF[C_
7. [nr` k`l pgsgkcr k` s`murnkgk. • Fc knrnhg fufig `l iecrrc eging lg pgrt` gltg k` lgs
?. [cd` lg ocqunllg. llgdgs. @l dîtckc d`hcr `s k`sigrmgr `l gm`ft`
`xtnftcr k` uf lgkc g ctrc `f bcrdg k` gogfnic
9. Qr`sncf` icf bu`rzg lg pglgfig y gpuft` eging lg
knrnmn`fkc `l iecrrc eging lg ogs` k`l bu`mc y lu`mc
ogs` k`l bu`mc. dcv`rs` eging gk`lgft` c glr`k`kcr k`l çr`g dn`ftrgs
`l bu`mc knsdnfuy`.
• Giîrqu`s` gl br`ft` k`l bu`mc (bcic k`l bu`mc)
t`fn`fkc `f iu`ftg lg knr`iinùf k`l vn`ftc y
uoniçfkcs` g knstgfing k` s`murnkgk (`stg knstgfing
vgräg `f r`lginùf gl iecrrc k`l `xtnftcr
` xtnftcr y g lg rgknginùf
k`l iglcr).
Q@LNM_C
FC KN_NHG FPFIG @L IEC__C EGING Q@_YCFGY
iuon`rtgs pcr lgs llgdgs yg qu` `b`itc k`l gm`ft`
`xtnftcr
kg÷csc qu`scor` lg pn`l qu`dgkg
lgs qu`dgkurgs dnsdgs.pu`k` s`r igsc,
@f `st` dçs
`s pr`b`rnol` nft`ftgr `xtnfmunr lgs llgdgs icf gmug
c, sn fc `stç knspcfnol`, icf dgftgs c pr`fkgs.
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
Y@MP_NKGK - Q
ÇMNFG ?>
_N@YMCY _@YNKPGL@Y ^ XCFGY K@ Q@LNM_C
@YQG×CL
_N@YMCY _@YNKPGL@Y ^ XCFGY K@
Q@LNM_C
Y` `ftn`fk` pcr rn`smc r`snkugl `l rn`smc r`dgf`ft` q
qu` fc eg snkc pcsnol` `lndnfgr `f lg bgs` k` kns`÷c k`
lg dçqunfg y qu` fc `stç prct`mnkc pcr lcs knspcsntnvcs
k` s`murnkgk nfträfs`ics g lg dçqunfg.
Y` `ftn`fk` pcr zcfgs k` p`lnmrc iuglqun`r puftc `f `l
nft`rncr, i`rig k` lg dçqunfg c k` su rgyc k` giinùf.
Qu`k`f s`r bu`ft` k` rn`smc lgs snmun`ft`s icfknincf`s8
• Qcsninùf `qunvcigkg k` lg dçqunfg `f lg icfmurginùf
k` trgoghc sn `stc fc icfsn`ft` ufg bçinl väg k` bumg
pgrg `l cp`rgkcr.
• Bulmurginùf k`onkg gl icftgitc icf läf`gs `lîitrnigs
gîr`gs.
• Nftcxniginùf k`onkg g lg pgrgkg prclcfmgkg `f
lumgr`s snf v`ftnlginùf (mgs k` k`sigrmg).
XCFGY K@ Q@LNM_C
KGFM@_
Lgs p`rscfgs k`o`f sn`dpr` p`rdgf`i`r bu`rg k` lg
zcfg k` rn`smc k` lg dçqunfg.
XCFG K@
Q@LNM_C
@F Q@_BC_GINÙF
0d
9d
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
Y@MP_NKGK - Q
ÇMNFG 91
_N@YMCY _@YNKPGL@Y ^ XCFGY K@ Q@LNM_C
@YQG×CL
XCFG K@ Q@LNM_C
@F [_GYLGINÙF
d
7
0d
0d
d
7
C_DGY K@ Y
F C_DGY Y@MP_NKGK - Q
ÇMNFG 97
IGLICDGFÄGY ^ QLGIGY K@ GKR@_[@FING
@YQG×CL
IGLICDGFÄGY ^ QLGIGY K@ GKR@_[@FING
Lg murg nfknig lg pcsninùf k` tckgs lgs `tnqu`tgs k`
s`murnkgk gplnigkgs g lg dçqunfg `f lg v`rsnùf `stçfkgr:
` stçfkgr: NDQC_[GF[@
ctrgs `tnqu`tgs pckrägf s`r iclcigkgs `f `l igsc `f qu` Knrähgs` gl Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftgs YCNLD@I pgrg
lg dçqunfg s`g nft`mrgkg icf mrupcs cpincfgl`s, qu` `l `v`ftugl`s p`tnincf`s r`lgtnvgs g `tnqu`tgs `sp`ingl`s
fc icdpr`fknkgs `f lg snmun`ft` lnstg.
pr`s`ft` dgfugl pcr `l dcd`ftc fc pr`vî.
Q@LNM_C M@FÎ_NIC
Qr`stgr lg dçxndg gt`finùf gi`riçfkcs` g zcfgs k` lg
dçqunfg qu` ll`vgf `stg `tnqu`tg.
7
Fcrdgld`ft` `stg `tnqu`tg `stç gicdpg÷gkg pcr ctrg
`sp`iäig qu` k`f` `f dgf`rg k`sirnptnvg `l tnpc k`
gkv`rt`fing.
Q@LNM_C
¡ FC [_GOGH@ ! DÇWPNFG BP@_G Y@_RNINC
@stg `tnqu`tg qu` s` pu`k` quntgr, k`o` s`r iclcigkg `f
`l nft`rncr k` lg igonfg `f `l igsc `f qu` lg dçqunfg `stî
9 DÇWPNFG
BP@_G K@ Y@_RNINC
bu`rg k` s`rvninc. Y`÷glg lg prcenoninùf gosclutg k` utnlnzgr
Lgdçqunfg`stç bu`rgk` s`rvninc
k`onkc gtrgoghcs k`dcftgh`,
dgft`fndn`ftccr`pgrginùf.
lg dçqunfg yg qu` s` `stçf `b`itugfkc nft`rv`fincf`s k`
dcftgh`, dgft`fndn`ftc y/c r`pgrginùf.
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
Y@MP_NKGK - Q
ÇMNFG 9?
IGLICDGFÄGY ^ QLGIGY K@ GKR@_[@FING
@YQG×CL
QG_[@Y IGLN@F[@Y
@stg `tnqu`tg s`÷glg lg pr`s`fing k` `l`d`ftcs k`
lg dçqunfg qu` pckrägf r`sultgr r`igl`ftgkcs `f
=
k`t`rdnfgkgs icfknincf`s k` `dpl`c. Fcrdgld`ft` `stçf
pr`s`ft`s `f lgs zcfgs k`l snl`fingkcr y k`l icl`itcr k`
k`sigrmg k`l dctcr kn`s`l. Qr`stgr lg dçxndg gt`finùf.
Q@LNM_C K@ GQLGY[GDN@F[C
Y` prceno` `xpr`sgd`ft` trgfsntgr c p`rdgf`i`r k`oghc
k` igrmgs `f susp`fsnùf c trgoghgr `f `l `spginc k`
71
dgfncorg k` lcs `qunpcs. _n`smc k` iecqu`s vncl`ftcs `f
igsc k` dcvndn`ftcs ndpr`vnstcs k` pgrt`s k` lg dçqunfg
1>09007?
c k`l `qunpc.
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 >=/902
C_DGY K@ Y
F C_DGY Y@MP_NKGK - Q
ÇMNFG 99
715
G[@FINÙF
K`knqu` `l tn`dpc f`i`sgrnc g bgdnlngrnzgr icf lgs
`tnqu`tgs y lgs iglicdgfägs k` s`murnkgk. Lndpn`
c sustntuyg lgs `v`ftugld`ft` `strcp`gkgs y/c
nl`mnol`s, utnlnzgfkc uf trgpc olgfkc, gmug y hgoùf.
Fc utnlni` mgsclnfg c sclv`ft`s qu` pckrägf quntgr `l
iclcr.
@f `l igsc `f qu` ufg `tnqu`tg `stî iclcigkg `f
uf pgrtniulgr
vclv`r qu` lg
g iclcigr egy qu` sustntunr,
dnsdg `tnqu`tg s`rç f`i`sgrnc
tgdonîf `f `l
fu`vc pgrtniulgr
pgrtniulgr..
@l icfstruitcr YCNLD@I k`ilnfg iuglqun`r
r`spcfsgonlnkgk pcr kg÷cs g p`rscfgs c icsgs
prcvcigkcs pcr `l nfiudplndn`ftc
nfiudplndn`ftc k` `stgs r`mlgs k`
icdpcrtgdn`ftc.
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 >5/902
F C_DGY
C_DGY K@ Y
Y@MP_NKGK - Q
ÇMNFG 9;
@DNYNCF@Y YCFC_GY
@YQG×CL
@DNYNCF@Y YCFC_GY
FNR@L K@ Q_@YNÙF GIØY[NIG
QCFK@_GKC (G) @F @L QP@Y[C
CQ@_GKC_
@l vglcr nfknigkc g icftnfuginùf `s `l fnv`l k` runkc
p`rinonkc pcr `l cäkc k`l cp`rgkcr `f `l nft`rncr k` lg
igonfg icf lg pu`rtg y lgs v`ftgfnllgs i`rrgkgs.
LpG4 51 kO (G) *
Nfi`rtnkudor` k` d`kninùf8 · 7 kO
G[@FINÙF
Iugfkc s` trgoghg icf lgs v`ftgfnllgs gon`rtgs
c iugfkc `l fnv`l k` runkc sup`rg lcs 50 kO(G) s`
gicfs`hg lg utnlnzginùf k` `sp`ingl`s gurniulgr`s k`
prct`iinùf. @f duiecs pgäs`s `stç r`icd`fkginùf
`s colnmgtcrng, pcr lc qu` s` gicfs`hg icftrclgr lg
fcrdgtnvg lcigl.
715
LwG4 715 kO (G)
C_DGY K@ Y
F C_DGY Y@MP_NKGK - Q
ÇMNFG 90
Y@×GL@Y M@Y[PGL@Y ICFR@FINCFGL@Y
@YQG×CL
Y@×GL@Y M@Y[PGL@Y
ICFR@FINCFGL@Y
Y`÷gl @xplniginùf Y`÷gl @xplniginùf
Q`lnmrc
_`trci`k`r Gltc
Qgrgkg k` `d`rm`fing
C_DGY K@ Y
F C_DGY Y@MP_NKGK - Q
ÇMNFG 92
@YQG×CL
@YQG×CL
Y`iinùf I
BPFINCFGDN@F[C ^ PYC
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG ?
ÄFKNI@ K@ Y@IINÙF
@YQG×CL
Äfkni` k` Y`iinùf
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[C
NFY[_PD@F[CY
Y ...........
......................
.......................
........................
........................
.......................
.....................0
..........0
KNYQCYN[NRCY K@ Y@MP_NKGK ICF[_G @L GIINCFGDN@F[C GIINK@F[GL K@ LCY
DGFKCY
DGFKCY.......................................................................................................................................2
.......................................................................................................................................2
QP@Y[C K@ ICFKPIINÙF ........................................................................................................5
[GOL@_CY K@ DGFKC ^ ICF[_CL ......................................................................................??
K_NLLNFM DG[@
DG[@ Y^Y[@D .................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
...................................................... ??
[GOL@_C K@ DGFKC YPQ@_NC_ .......................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.................................. ?9
DGFKCY G OC_KC DÇWPNFG.....................
...........................................
............................................
............................................
................................?0
..........?0
DNI_CNF[@__PQ[C_@Y ^ Y@FYC_@Y..................................................................................?>
DNI_CNF[@__PQ[C_@Y ^ Y@FYC_@Y @Y[ÇFKG_...........................................................................................
DNI_CNF[@__PQ[C_@Y @Y[ÇFKG_........................................................................................... ?>
DNI_CNF[@__PQ[C_@Y
DNI_CNF[@__PQ[C_@Y ^ Y@FYC_@Y - K_NLLNFM DG[@ Y^Y[@D................................................................. 9?
K@[@I[C_@Y K@ GFCDGLÄGY K@ BPFINCFGDN@F[C ......................
...........................................
.................................9;
............9;
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 9
ÄFKNI@ K@ Y@IINÙF
@YQG×CL
QG_GKG K@L DC[C_
DC[C_ KN@Y@L ......................
............................................
............................................
............................................
...............................27
.........27
@F ICFKNINCF@Y FC_DGL@Y..............................................................................................
FC_DGL@Y..............................................................................................................................
................................ 27
@F ICFKNINCF@Y K@ @D@_M@FING......................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
.............................. 2?
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG ;
ÄFKNI@ K@ Y@IINÙF
@YQG×CL
Y@IP@FING K@ K@YDCF[GH@ K@ LG ICFBNMP_GINÙF K@ [_GOGHC
G LG QCYNINÙF K@ [_GFYQC_[@ FC_DGL (ICF J@LL^ DCF[GKC) ........5;
GQLNIGINÙF K@ LCY KNYQCYN[NRCY K@ OLCWP@C K@ LG OG__G J@LL^J@LL^ ....................
......................50
..50
IN@__@ K@L @L@D@F[C YPQ@_NC_ QL@MGOL@ K@L DÇY[NL .....................
...........................................
......................52
52
DGFKC ENK_ÇPLNIC K@ IN@__@ K@L @L@D@F[C YPQ@_NC_ K@L DÇY[NL (CQINCFGL) ........................... 5=
DCF[GH@ K@ LCY KNYQCYN[NRCY K@ OLCWP@C QG_G
DCF[GH@ QG_G @L [_GFYQC_[@ ....................
......................55
..55
IN@__@ K@ LG QCL@G K@ _@@FRÄC K@L IGOL@ Q_NFINQGL
Q_NFINQGL ....................
..........................................
.........................5>
...5>
@Y[_@IEGDN@F[C K@ LGY C_PMGY K@L IG__C .............................................................5>
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 0
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[C
NFY[_PD@F[CY
Y
Q@LNM_C Q@LNM_C
@stç prcenonkc `b`itugr pru`ogs k` utnlnzginùf k` Lg s`murnkgk k`l cp`rgkcr y k` lgs p`rscfgs i`rig-
lg dçqunfg, snf ego`r icfsultgkc gft`s `l pr`s`ft` fgs g lg dçqunfg k`p`fk` k` lg igpginkgk k` huninc
dgfugl y ego`r
icrr`itgs bgdnlngrnzgkc
d`tckclcmägs icf lcs
k` `dpl`c dgfkcs.
y lgs Lgs
dgfncorgs y k`lcpruk`fing
pcr tgftc qu`k`l
îl dnsdc
qu` s` cp`rgkcr.
gpr`stg g @s f`i`sgrnc
dgfncorgr lg
fc icfs`ftnkgs k`o`f s`r gfglnzgkgs y icdpr`fknkgs dçqunfg icfczig p`rb`itgd`ft` lg pcsninùf y lg
icf `l f k` `vntgr pcsnol`s kg÷cs mrgv`s g p`rscfgs bufinùf `sp`iäig k` tckcs lcs dgfkcs (`stçfkgr
c g icsgs. y/u cpincfgl`s).
I
K D
Dg
nifrckncfst`r
groucprtk
`rr cd
cr`sç
r`s y qsu`nffsgcr`s
@ K`t`itcr`s k` gfcdglägs k` bufincfgdn`ftc
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 2
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
KNYQCYN[NRCY K@ Y@MP_NKGK ICF[_G
@L GIINCFGDN@F[C GIINK@F[GL K@ LCY
DGFKCY M
F
L
D
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG =
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
Y
@f sntugincf`s k` QG_GKG K@ @D@_M@FING
@D@_M@FIN G, gk`dçs
k`l icfdutgkcr k` grrgfqu` y pgrgkg _, s` `fiu`ftrg
`f `l tgol`rc k` nfstrud`ftcs k`lgft`rc uf octùf icf
igo`zg k` ecfmc Y scor` `l iugl s` nft`rvn`f` k`sk` lg
pcsninùf k` dgfkc. _
NDQC_[GF[@
Ctrgs nfbcrdgincf`s r`lgtnvgs g lcs `l`d`ftcs
k` s`murnkgk s`rçf sudnfnstrgkgs `f `l pr`s`ft`
igpätulc y `f `l igpätulc QP@Y[G @F Y@_RNINC.
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 715/902
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 5
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
QP@Y[C K@ ICFKPIINÙF
?7
[CPIE
YI_@@F
;1 9=
92
;7 > 70
?1 =
0
5
2
9; 90
7@ 7 9
9@
7G 7O 9O
9G
7I 7K 9K
9I
? ;
?@ ;@
?O ;G ;O
?G
?K ;I ;K
?I
?? 77
?2
?9 79
?=
?; 7;
71
?5 7?
?>
?0 7=
91
72
75
9> 7>
95
97
9?
99
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG >
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
Qglgfig k` dgfkc
7
dultnbufincf`s
7O Octùf
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 71
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
F Oghgkg orgzc
? Qglgfig k` dgfkc
dultnbufincf`s
F Yuonkg orgzc
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 7
77
7
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
Qglgfig k` dgfkc
9
dultnbufincf`s - _`tcrfc inlnfkrc pull-kcwf (v`rs. j`lly)
- K`s`frcllgdn`ftc igol` igor`stgft` pull-
F kcwf icf igol` lnor` (fc gfilgkc gl pn`)
- Gchgdn`ftc igol` igor`stgft` pull-kcwf
icf igol` gfilgkc gl pn` dçstnl
Octùf
(cpincfgl, pgrg d`sg Gitnvginùf `vgiuginùf rçpnkg e`rrgdn`ftg
9G F
rctgtcrng icf igdonc (“spnf-cbb—) (9g dgrieg k`l igdonc)
[rgfsdntgl)
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 7?
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
9@ Octùf
; Qglgfig k` dgfkc
dultnbufincf`s
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 79
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
Icfdutgkcr k`
2 Bufincf`s `lîitrnigs gitnvgkgs
llgv`
Q@LNM_C (g)
¡Ptnlni` `st` s`l`itcr icf duiec iunkgkc!
Gft`s k` pcf`r `f
`f dgrieg `l dctcr,
dctcr, icdpru`o`
icdpru`o` qu` `l s`l`itcr `stî `f lg pcsninùf
pcsninùf “1— pgrg
pgrg `vntgr kg÷gr `l
`l
snst`dg k` icftrcl KDY.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 7;
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
G[@FINÙF
Kurgft` lg bgs` pr`vng g lg pu`stg `f dgrieg (icf snst`dg k` icftrcl KDY gpgmgkc), `l t`stnmc gdgrnllc
gdgrnll c r`b.
> p`rdnt` icdprcogr sn lg dçqunfg `stç lnstg pgrg `l usc. @f igsc k` `fi`fknkc k` `stg luz, `fin`fk` `l
KDY, v`rnqu` y `lndnf` iuglqun`r prcol`dg s`÷glgkc, lu`mc gpgmu` `l KDY y pcfmg `f dgrieg `l dctcr.
Yn `l KDY fc bufincfg y `l t`stnmc gdgrnllc s` `fin`fk`, pr`sncf` `l octùf r`b. 9= y gfct` lg s`iu`fing
k` pgrpgk`cs icrr`spcfkn`ft` gl prcol`dg (vîgs` s`iiinùf @). Ptnlni` `stg nfbcrdginùf pgrg pcf`rs` `f
icftgitc icf `l Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftgs Ycnld`i y r`sclv`r `l nficfv`fn`ft`.
Y`l`itcr
(cpincfgl, pgrg d`sg
71 Y`l`iinùf v`lcinkgk fcrdgl k` rctginùf
rctgtcrng icf igdonc
[rgfsdntgl)
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 70
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
77 Qglgfig k` dgfkc
F Bufinùf fc utnlnzgkg
F Bufinùf fc utnlnzgkg
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 72
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 7=
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
Dgfkcs olcqu`gkcs
?1 Qglgfig k`
s`murnkgk
Dgfkcs k`solcqu`gkcs
F @str`iegdn`ftc crumgs
?9 Qglgfig k` dgfkc
F @fsgfiegdn`ftc crumgs
?; Qglgfig gii`l`rgkcr
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 75
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
?= Y`l`itcr
Q@LNM_C (o)
Octùf pgrg utnlnzgr sùlc kurgft` lgs bgs`s k` dcftgh`, k`sdcftgh` y dgft`fndn`ftc k` lg dçqunfg.
97 Y`l`itcr
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 7>
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
9? Y`l`itcr
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG ?1
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
Dgfkcs k` p`kgl
9;-90
icf pglgfigs
_ctginùf `f s`ftnkc gftnecrgrnc (i`ftr` scor`
F F
`l `h` dçqunfg)
92 Q`kgl
G[@FINÙF
Kurgft` lg bgs` pr`vng g lg pu`stg `f dgrieg (icf snst`dg k` icftrcl KDY gpgmgkc), `l t`stnmc rchc r`b. 9=
p`rdnt` icdprcogr
icdprcogr sn lg dçqunfg `stç lnstg pgrg `l usc. @f igsc k` `fi`fknkc k` `stg luz, `fin`fk`
`fin`fk` `l KDY,
v`rnqu` y `lndnf` iuglqun`r prcol`dg s`÷glgkc, lu`mc gpgmu` `l KDY y pcfmg `f dgrieg `l dctcr.
Yn `l KDY fc bufincfg y `l t`stnmc rchc s` `fin`fk`, pr`sncf` `l octùf r`b. 9= y gfct` lg s`iu`fing k`
pgrpgk`cs icrr`spcf
pgrpgk`cs icrr`spcfkn`ft`
kn`ft` gl prcol`dg (vîgs` s`iiinùf @). Ptnlni` `stg nfbcrdginùf pgrg pcf`rs` `f
icftgitc icf `l Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftgs Ycnld`i y r`sclv`r `l nficfv`fn`ft`.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG ?7
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
Y`l`itcr
95 Qcsninùf f`utrg
(cptncfgl)
Qct`fincd`trc
;1 Ghust` `xtrgiinùf gutcdçtnig ogrr`fg
(cpincfgl)
Y`l`itcr
;7
(cptncfgl)
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG ??
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
[GOL@_CY K@ DGFKC ^ ICF[_CL
K_NLLNFM DG[@ Y^Y[@D
NDQC_[GF[@
Qgrg dçs nfbcrdgincf`s r`lgtnvgs gl bufincfgdn`ftc
y usc k`l snst`dg k` icftrcl Krnllnfm Dgt` Yyst`d,
egmg r`b`r`fing gl r`lgtnvc dgfugl qu` s` gkhuftg g
lg kciud`ftginùf k` lg dçqunfg.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG ?9
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
[GOL@_C K@ DGFKC YPQ@_NC_
0 2
;
7 ? 9
Luz k` s`rvninc
9 Nludnfginùf pu`stc k` dgfkc
crn`ftgol`
K`sgitnvginùf lndpng/lgvg-pgrgornsgs
k`lgft`rc
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG ?;
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
0 Nft`rruptcr/octùf
2 Nft`rruptcr
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG ?0
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
DGFKCY G OC_KC DÇWPNFG
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG ?2
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
7 9
0
2
= 5
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG ?=
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
7 Y`l`itcr
Y`l`itcr k` llgv`
? Qcsninùf f`utrg
NDQC_[GF[@ (*)
Y`l`itcr k` llgv`
9 Qcsninùf f`utrg
NDQC_[GF[@ (*)
NDQC_[GF[@ (*)
Lcs s`l`itcr`s k` llgv` nfstglgkcs scor` lcs icknigkcr`s k` lg dçqunfg y usgkcs pgrg lg k`sicf`xnùf k`
lg r`k y `l oypgss k` lcs dnsdcs icknigkcr`s k`o`f dgft`f`rs` `f lg pcsninùf “1— (icfkninùf fcrdgl k`
lg r`k) kurgft` `l bufincfgdn`ftc k` lg dçqunfg.
Iuglqun`r nft`rv`finùf k`l usugrnc scor` `stcs s`l`itcr`s sclc `s pcsnol` oghc lg sup`rvnsnùf k` lcs
tîifnics Ycnld`i.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG ?5
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
Ogt`rägs k`sgitnvgkgs
2 Nft`rruptcr m`f`rgl
Ogt`rägs gitnvgkgs
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG ?>
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
DNI_CNF[@__PQ[C_@Y
DNI_CNF[@__PQ[C_@Y ^ Y@FYC_@Y
DNI_CNF[@__PQ[C_@Y
DNI_CNF[@__PQ[C_@Y ^ Y@FYC_@Y @Y[ÇFKG_
Q@LNM_C Yustntuyg nfd`kngtgd`ft` lcs dnircnft`rruptcr`s y/c
[rgoghgr sn`fkc icfsin`ft` k` qu` `stçf `f k`t`itcr`s kg÷gkcs, fc lcs k`sgrr`ml` c l`s gplnqu`
icfknincf`s k` gv`räg lcs nft`rruptcr
nft`rruptcr`s
`s y/c lcs uf oy-pgss `f fnfmøf igsc. @l icfstruitcr YCNLD@I
k`t`itcr`s, `xpcf` gl cp`rgkcr y g lgs p`rscfgs qu` k`ilnfg iuglqun`r r`spcfsgonlnkgk pcr kg÷cs g
s` `fiu`ftrgf i`rig k` lg dçqunfg g mrgv`s rn`smcs p`rscfgs y/c icsgs k`onkcs g lg fc cos`rvginùf k`
p`rscfgs
k` l`sncf`s p`rscfgl`s. `stgs r`mlgs k` icdpcrtgdn`ftc.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 91
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
?
7
@spginc fc utnlnzgkc
=
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 97
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
Dnircnft`rruptcr k`
7 Icftrcl pcsninùf pglgfig k` egonlntginùf dgfkcs
octùf
Dnircnft`rruptcr k`
? Icftrcl pr`s`fing cp`rgkcr `f pcsninùf “Y@F[GKG—
“Y@F[GKG—
octùf
Dnircnft`rruttcr`
Icftrcl lädnt` dçx. k` `frcllgdn`ftc igol` igor`stgft`
9 k` pglgfig icf
prnfinpgl
ru`k`inllg
Dnircnft`rruttcr`
0 k` pglgfig icf Icftrcl lädnt` dçx. k` oghgkg orgzc dçstnl
ru`k`inllg
Dnircnft`rruptcr k`
2 Icftrcl lädnt` dçx. k` nfilnfginùf dçstnl g lg nzqun`rkg
octùf
Dnircnft`rruptcr k`
= Icftrcl lädnt` dçx. k` nfilnfginùf dçstnl g lg k`r`ieg
octùf
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 9?
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
DNI_CNF[@__PQ[C_@Y ^ Y@FYC_@Y - K_NLLNFM DG[@ Y^Y[@D
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 99
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
Qcs. K`sirnpinùf
7 Y`fscr r`v
`vcl
clui
uinncf`s d`sg rctgtcr
crnng
? K`t`
K`t`it
itcr
cr pr
pr`s
`snù
nùf
f br
br`f
`fc
c k` rc
rctg
tgiinù
nùf
f tc
tcrr
rr`t
`tg
g
2 Iîlu
Iîlulg
lg k` ig
igrm
rmg
g igo
igor`
r`st
stgf
gft`
t` prn
prnfi
finp
npgl
gl (c
(cpi
pinc
ncfg
fgl)
l)
= Nfilnfùd`trc
5 K`t`
K`t`it
itcr
cr pr`
pr`sn
snùf
ùf k`
k` trgo
trgogh
ghc
c igor
igor`s
`stg
tgft
ft`
` prnf
prnfin
inpg
pgll
> K`t`
K`t`it
itcr
cr pr
pr`s
`snù
nùf
f k`
k` trg
trgog
oghc
hc ig
igor
or`s
`stg
tgft
ft`
` gux
guxnlnlnngr
71 K`t`
K`t`it
itcr
cr pr`
pr`sn
snùf
ùf k` trg
trgog
oghc
hc ig
igor
or`s
`stgf
tgft`
t` pu
pullll-k
-kcw
cwf
f (cpi
(cpinc
ncfgl
fgl))
77 K`t`
K`t`it
itcr
cr pr
pr`s
`snù
nùf
f k` tr
trgo
gogh
ghc
c d`
d`sg
sg rc
rctg
tgtc
tcrn
rng
g
7? K`t`itcr pr
pr`snùf k`
k` trg
trgo
oghc pn
pnlctcs
72 [rgfskuitcr t`d
t`dp`rgtu
turrg gd
gdon`ft
ft`
`
7= K`t`
K`t`it
itcr
cr t`d
t`dp`
p`rg
rgtu
turg
rg gi`
gi`nt
nt`
` d`sg
d`sg rct
rctgt
gtcr
crng
ng
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 9;
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
K@[@I[C_@Y K@ GFCDGLÄGY K@ BPFINCFGDN@F[C
G[@FINÙF G[@FINÙF
G[@FINÙF
[ckcs lcs k`t`itcr`s intgkcs g icftnfuginùf [rgoghgr sn`fkc icfsin`ft` k` qu` `stçf `f
trgfsdnt`f ufg s`÷gl g lgs lui`s k` gvnsc k`l tgol`rc icfknincf`s k` gv`räg lcs k`t`itcr`s `xpcf` gl rn`smc
k` icftrcl.
gvnsc, @f `l igsc
lc prnd`rc `fk`o`rç
qu` s` qu` s` egi`r
`fin`fkg
s`rçufg luz k`
icftrclgr k` ir`gr ufqu`
gfcdglägs mrgv` kg÷c g prckuinr
s` pu`kgf lg dçqunfg. Lgssntuginùf
`f `stg pcsnol`s
snt uginùf
qu` lg icf`xnùf s`g icrr`itg
icrr`it g c qu` egyg uf prcogol` fc s`rçf s`÷glnzgkgs. Yustntuyg nfd`kngtgd`ft` lcs
kg÷c gl k`t`itcr, pgrg k` `stg dgf`rg t`f`r lg i`rt`zg k`t`itcr`s kg÷gkcs c k`sicf`itgkcs. YCNLD@I
k` qu` lg gfcdgläg prcv`fmg k` ctrg bu`ft`. Ypg s` r`s`rvg k` r`iegzgr pcsnol`s r`ilgdgincf`s
`f `l igsc `f qu` s` icdpru`o` `l usc k` k`t`itcr`s
kg÷gkcs.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 90
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
9 ;
2
0
5
=
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 92
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
>
71 @spginc fc utnlnzgkc
7 Qr`scstgtc Nfsuin`ft`
Nfsuin`ft ` pr`snùf gi`nt` luornigft` dctcr kn`s`l
_`lî k` däfndc
? Nfsuin`ft` r`igrmg ogt`rägs pcr `l glt`rfgkcr
vcltgh`
Nfknigkcr k`
2 Costruiinùf `l`d`ftcs ltrgft`s ltrc k` gi`nt` enkrçulnic
costruiinùf
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 9=
DGFKCY @ NFY[_PD@F[CY
@YQG×CL
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 95
QP@Y[G @F Y@_RNINC
@YQG×CL
QP@Y[G @F Y@_RNINC
Q@LNM_C
@stç prcenonkc `b`itugr pru`ogs k` utnlnzginùf k`
lg dçqunfg, snf ego`r icfsultgkc gft`s `l pr`s`ft`
dgfugl y ego`r bgdnlngrnzgkc icf lcs dgfkcs. Lgs
icrr`itgs d`tckclcmägs k` `dpl`c y lgs dgfncorgs
fc icfs`ftnkgs k`o`f s`r gfglnzgkgs y icdpr`fknkgs
icf `l f k` `vntgr pcsnol`s kg÷cs mrgv`s g p`rscfgs
c g icsgs.
Q@LNM_C
Lg nficludnkgk k`l cp`rgkcr y k` lgs p`rscfgs
i`rigfgs g lg dçqunfg k`p`fk` k` lg igpginkgk
k` huninc y k` pruk`fing k`l dnsdc cp`rgkcr.
@s f`i`sgrnc pcr lc tgftc qu` îl qu` s` gpr`stg g
dgfncorgr lg dçqunfg icfczig p`rb`itgd`ft` lg
pcsninùf y lg bufinùf `sp`iäi
`sp`iäig
g k` tckcs lcs dgfkcs
(`stçfkgr y/u cpincfgl`s).
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 9>
QP@Y[G @F Y@_RNINC
@YQG×CL
GII@YC GL QP@Y[C K@ ICFKPIINÙF
Q@LNM_C Q@LNM_C
- Yuog y ogh` k` lg dçqunfg sclc pcr lcs puftcs Qgrg pck`r gii`k`r gl icdpgrtndn`ftc cp`rgkcr,
kcfk` `stçf pr`vnstcs p`lkg÷cs, dgfnllgs y/c g lcs igpùs k` nfsp`iinùf y `v`ftugld`ft` pgrg
- ogrgfknllgs.
Icftrcl`, y iugfkc `s f`i`sgrnc lndpn` y egmg gligfzgr lg plgtgbcrdg
`xilusnvgd`ft` k` pgsc, `s f`i`sgrnc
lcs knspcsntnvcs utnlnzgr
hcs y dùvnl`s
r`pgrgr lcs p`lkg÷cs y lgs dgfnllgs gft`s k` gplnigkcs g lg dçqunfg.
suonr c oghgr k` lg dçqunfg. Gft` lg ndpcsnonlnkgk
ndpcsnonlnkgk k` utnlnzgr lcs knspcsntnvcs
knspcsntnvcs hcs
- Iugfkc s` suo` c s` oghg k` lg dçqunfg eçmglc k` lg dçqunfg, utnlni` `sigl`rgs y/c plgtgbcrdgs icf
dnrgfkc eging `llg. p`lkg÷cs s`møf lgs fcrdgs vnm`ft`s `f `l Qgäs k`
- Dgft`fmg tr`s puftcs
puftcs k`
k` icftgitc
icftgitc icf lcs utnlnzginùf k` lg dçqunfg.
p`lkg÷cs y lgs
lgs dgfnllgs, tr`s puftcs
puftcs k` icftgitc
icftgitc
snmfnig kcs pn`s y ufg dgfc c uf pn` y kcs Q@LNM_C
dgfcs. Lndpn` nfd`kngtgd`ft` lcs p`lkg÷cs, sn`dpr`
- Fc suog c ogh` k` lg dçqunfg `f dcvndn`ftc. qu` egyg pr`s`fing k` ogrrc, gi`nt`, mrgsg c fn`v`
- Fc sglt` k` lg dçqunfg. qu` pckrägf lndntgr fctgol`d`ft` lg gke`r`fing
- Fc nft`ft` suonr c oghgr k` lg dçqunfg k`l iglzgkc icf `l icfsnmun`ft` rn`smc k` igäkgs.
trgfspcrtgfkc e`rrgdn`ftgs u ctrgs icsgs. Ptnlni` colnmgtcrngd`ft` iglzgkc s`møf lgs fcrdgs
- Fc us` lcs dgfkcs icdc dgfnllg iugfkc s` k` pr`v`finùf k` giink`ft`s vnm`ft`s `f `l Qgäs k`
`ftrg c s` sgl` k` lg igonfg. utnlnzginùf k` lg dçqunfg.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG ;1
QP@Y[G @F Y@_RNINC
@YQG×CL
Qgrg gii`k`r gl pu`stc k` icfkuiinùf G, g lcs igpùs
k` nfsp`iinùf O c g lg plgtgbcrdg k` pgsc I, utnlni`
`xilusnvgd`ft`
`xilusnvgd`ft` lcs knspcsntnvcs hcs y dùvnl`s gplnigkcs
g lg dçqunfg.
Q@LNM_C
Lndpn` nfd`kngtgd`ft` lcs p`lkg÷cs, sn`dpr`
qu` egyg pr`s`fing k` ogrrc, gi`nt`, mrgsg c fn`v`
qu` pckrägf lndntgr fctgol`d`ft` lg gke`r`fing
k`l iglzgkc icf `l icfsnmun`ft` rn`smc k` igäkgs.
Ptnlni` colnmgtcrngd`ft` iglzgkc s`møf lgs fcrdgs
k` pr`v`finùf k` giink`ft`s vnm`ft`s `f `l Qgäs k`
utnlnzginùf k` lg dçqunfg.
Q@LNM_C
Ptnlni` `xilusnvgd`ft` lcs knspcsntnvcs k` suonkg k`
lg dçqunfg pgrg gii`k`r icf s`murnkgk g lg igonfg,
g lgs tgpgk`rgs k` nfsp`iinùf y g lgs zcfgs k` pgsc
k` lg tcrr`tg. @stç prcenonkc suonrs` g ctrgs zcfgs k`
lg dçqunfg sn fc `s utnlnzgfkc `sigl`rgs icfbcrd`s g
lgs fcrdgs k` pr`v`finùf k` giink`ft`s vnm`ft`s `f
`l Qgäs k` utnlnzginùf k` lg dçqunfg.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG ;7
QP@Y[G @F Y@_RNINC
@YQG×CL
GQ@_[P_G / IN@__@ K@ LG QP@_[G
G[@FINÙF
Igkg v`z qu` s` gogfkcfg lg igonfg, nfilusc pcr
or`v`s p`rnckcs, in`rr` icf llgv` lg pu`rtg pgrg `vntgr
qu` p`rscfgs
gii`k`r `xtrg÷gs y fc gutcrnzgkgs pu`kgf
g lcs dgfkcs.
K
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG ;?
QP@Y[G @F Y@_RNINC
@YQG×CL
_@MPLGINÙF K@L GYN@F[C
Q@LNM_C G O I
Lg pcsninùf icrr`itg k`l cp`rgkcr c k` ufg p`rscfg
gutcrnzgkg `f `l gsn`ftc k`o` s`r icdprcogkg gft`s
k`
lgs pcf`r `f dgrieg
knstgfings lg dçqunfg.
k` gitnvginùf Qru`o` sn`dpr`y
k` lcs dgfnpulgkcr`s
k` lcs p`kgl`s gufqu` sn s` gogfkcfg lg dçqunfg
pcr uf p`rnckc or`v`. @l nfiudplndn`f
nfiudplndn`ftc
tc k` `stg
fcrdg `l`d`ftgl k` icdpcrtgdn`ftc pu`k` igusgr
kg÷cs mrgv`s sn fc s` `b`itøgf icrr`itgd`ft` y K
icdpl`tgd`ft` lgs giincf`s k` lcs dgfkcs.
K
@
I O
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG ;9
QP@Y[G @F Y@_RNINC
@YQG×CL
_@MPLGINÙF K@ LCY @YQ@HCY _@[_CRNYC_@Y
Q@LNM_C
Lgs knd`fsncf`s k` lg dçqunfg fc icfsn`ft`f ufg
vnsnonlnkgk p`rb`itg scor` tckc `f `l lgkc k`r`iec
k` lg dçqunfg.
p`rscfgl g @l cp`rgkcr
tn`rrg k`o` p`knr
pgrg pck`r lg gyukg
prci`k`r icf
s`murnkgk kurgft` lgs cp`rgincf`s k` trgslginùf y/c G
iclciginùf.
I
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG ;;
QP@Y[G @F Y@_RNINC
@YQG×CL
GI[NRGINÙF IGL@BGIINÙF/ILNDG[NXGINÙF
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG ;0
QP@Y[G @F Y@_RNINC
@YQG×CL
Qgrg gitnvgr lg IGL@BGIINÙF, snmg lgs snmun`ft`s
nfstruiincf`s8
- Gii`kg g lcs icdpgrtndn`ftcs `f `l lgkc nzqun`rkc
k` lg dçqunfg.
- Icdpru`o` qu` lcs mrnbcs O-I `stîf icdpl`tgd`ft`
gon`rtcs.
- Gitnv` `l snst`dg mnrgfkc `l s`l`itcr K `f s`ftnkc O
ecrgrnc.
- Mnr` `l s`l`itcr @ eging goghc.
- Y`l`iincf` ufg k` lgs tr`s v`lcinkgk`s k`l v`ftnlgkcr
mnrgfkc `l s`l`itcr B.
- Knrnhg `l iecrrc k` gnr` igln`ft` r`mulgfkc lg pcsninùf
k` lgs r`hnllgs M-E-N.
G[@FINÙF
Lcs mrnbcs I-K p`rdnt`f icftrclgr `l uhc k` lg
d`zilg k` `fbrngdn`ftc k`l dctcr kn`s`l `f lg nkg y
`f lg vu`ltg k`l rgkngkcr. @f bufinùf k`l usc k`s`gkc,
k`s`g kc,
`s k`inr igl`bgiinùf c gnr` gicfknincfgkc, lcs mrnbcs
I-K tn`f`f qu` `stgr colnmgtcrngd`ft` GON@_[CY c
I@__GKCY. K
B @
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG ;2
QP@Y[G @F Y@_RNINC
@YQG×CL
@U[_GIINÙF K@ LGY IC_[NFGY QG_GYCL
Q@LNM_C
Fc k`h` fufig y `f fnfmøf igsc lgs llgv`s k`
s`rvninc `f lcs r`sp`itnvcs icfdutgkcr`s y/c B
s`l`itcr`s, nfilusc `f pgrgkgs k` or`v` kurginùf.
@l nfiudplndn`ftc k` `stg fcrdg `l`d`ftgl k`
icdpcrtgdn`ftc pu`k` igusgr kg÷cs mrgv`s, sn
gii`k`f g lcs
gutcrnzgkgs dgfkcs k` lg dçqunfg p`rscfgs fc
c nficdp`t`ft`s.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG ;=
QP@Y[G @F Y@_RNINC
@YQG×CL
GII@YC G LG [C__@[G ^ G LGY XCFGY
XCFG Y K@ QGYC
NFY[GLGINÙF K@ LG @YIGL@_G K@YDCF[GOL@
Q@LNM_C
G
Lndpn` nfd`kngtgd`ft`
egyg pr`s`fing lg `sigl`rg,
k` ogrrc, sn`dpr`
gi`nt`, mrgsg qu`
c fn`v`
qu` pckrägf lndntgr fctgol`d`ft` lg gke`r`fing
k`l iglzgkc icf `l icfsnmun`ft` rn`smc k` igäkgs.
Ptnlni` colnmgtcrngd`ft` iglzgkc s`møf lgs fcrdgs
k` pr`v`finùf k` giink`ft`s vnm`ft`s `f `l Qgäs k`
utnlnzginùf k` lg dçqunfg.
Q@LNM_C
Ptnlni` `xilusnvgd`ft` lcs knspcsntnvcs k` suonkg k`
lg dçqunfg pgrg gii`k`r icf s`murnkgk g lg igonfg,
g lgs tgpgk`rgs k` nfsp`iinùf y g lgs zcfgs k` pgsc
k` lg tcrr`tg. @stç prcenonkc suonrs` g ctrgs zcfgs k`
lg dçqunfg sn fc `s utnlnzgfkc `sigl`rgs icfbcrd`s g
lgs fcrdgs k` pr`v`finùf k` giink`ft`s vnm`ft`s `f O
`l Qgäs k` utnlnzginùf k` lg dçqunfg.
Icf lg dçqunfg `f icfmurginùf k` trgfspcrt`, lg
`sigl`rg k`sdcftgol` G `stç iclcigkg `f su glchgdn`ftc
k`trçs k` lg igonfg k` icfkuiinùf.
I
Iugfkc s` iclcig lg dçqunfg `f icfmurginùf k`
trgoghc, y, `f iuglqun`r igsc, igkg v`z qu` s`g f`i`sgrnc
gii`k`r g lgs zcfgs k` pgsc k` lg tcrr`tg, lg `sigl`rg
k`o`rç s`r nfstglgkg `f pcsninùf icrr`itg.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG ;5
QP@Y[G @F Y@_RNINC
@YQG×CL
GQ@_[P_G K@ LCY IGQÙY K@ NFYQ@IINÙF
Q@LNM_C
In`rr` icf llgv` y sn`dpr` tckcs lcs igpùs y lg
pu`rtg, gufqu` sn pr`vî ufg gus`fing k` or`v`
G
kurginùf. Fc k`h`
lgs i`rrgkurgs. `f fnfmøf
Lg bgltg igsck`
k` r`sp`tc lgs`stg
llgv`s `f
fcrdg
`l`d`ftgl k` icdpcrtgdn`ftc pu`k` igusgr kg÷cs
mrgv`s, sn p`rscfgs fc gutcrnzgkgs ` nficdp`t`ft`s
gii`k`f g lcs dgfkcs k` lg dçqunfg yg s`g `f lg
igonfg icdc g ocrkc k` lg dçqunfg.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG ;>
QP@Y[G @F Y@_RNINC
@YQG×CL
GF[@Y K@ LG QP@Y[G @F DG_IEG
ICF[_CL@Y GF[@Y K@L G__GFWP@
Gft`s k` pcf`r `f dgrieg `l dctcr, nfsp`iincf` lg Gft`s k` iuglqun`r cp`rginùf, icdpru`o` `l fnv`l
dçqunfg y lg zcfg glr`k`kcr. @f pgrtniulgr, icftrcl`8 k`l läqunkc r`brnm`rgft`, k`l gi`nt` dctcr y k`l gi`nt`
- qu` lg tcrfnll`räg `stî on`f gpr`tgkg, k`l inriuntc enkrçulnic. Gl fgl k`l trgoghc, r`ll`f` lcs
- lg `v`ftugl pr`s`fing k` pîrknkgs k` gi`nt`, k`pùsntcs pgrg `vntgr lg bcrdginùf k` icfk`fsginùf y
icdoustnol` c läqunkc r`brnm`rgft`, icdpru`o` `l fnv`l `f `l nfknigkcr scor` `l tgol`rc k`
- sn lg e`rrgdn`ftg k` p`rbcrginùf `stç kg÷gkg, dgfkc.
- qu` lgs icf`xncf`s `lîitrnigs `stîf on`f
icf`itgkgs, Icdpru`o` t`f`r ufg gutcfcdäg suin`ft` pgrg
- qu` `l icl`itcr y `l tuoc k` `sigp` k`l dctcr `stîf `b`itugr `l trgoghc pr`vnstc. @l k`pùsntc k` igrourgft`
gicplgkcs icrr`itgd`ft`, tn`f` ufg igpginkgk suin`ft` pgrg mgrgftnzgr g lg
- qu` lgs igk`fgs, lcs pgtnf`s y lgs ru`kgs dctrni`s dçqunfg lg gutcfcdäg f`i`sgrng pgrg uf turfc k` trgoghc
`stîf `f t`fsnùf, icdpl`tc.
- qu` lgs tgrh`tgs k` gkv`rt`fing y lgs iglicdgfägs
s`gf l`mnol`s, Y` gicfs`hg sn`dpr` lg r`glnzginùf k`l ll`fgkc k` mgsùl`c
- qu` lgs dgfnllgs k` gii`sc g lg igonfg y g lgs zcfgs gl prnfinpnc k`l turfc k` trgoghc. K` `stg dgf`rg s` `vntg
k` pgsc c `stgincfgdn`ftc k`l cp`rgkcr `stîf `l rn`smc k` ufg pgrgkg bcrzcsg k` lg dçqunfg kurgft` lg
lndpngs. `h`iuinùf k` cp`rgincf`s pgrtniulgrd`ft` ndpcrtgft`s.
G[@FINÙF
¡_n`smc k` nfi`fknc! Kurgft` `l gogst`indn`ftc `f
igrourgft` c gi`nt` fc bud` y fc us` llgdgs lnor`s
ln or`s c
lçdpgrgs fc ecdclcmgkgs.
G[@FINÙF
@l gi`nt` usgkc y `l igrourgft` k`rrgdgkc `f `l
icdpgrtndn`ftc dctcr i`rig k` icdpcf`ft`s
igln`ft`s pu`k`f igusgr uf nfi`fknc y kg÷cs g lg
dçqunfg.
@f igsc k` k`rrgdgdn`ftc k` igrourgft` c gi`nt`
kurgft` lg bgs` k` gogst`indn`ftc, goscrog
nfd`kngtgd`ft` iuglqun`r pîrknkg giink`ftgl.
Icdpru`o`p`rnùknigd`ft`y`lndnf`nfd`kngtgd`ft`
iuglqun`r pîrknkg. Yn s` fctgf pîrknkgs br`iu`ft`s,
pùfmgs` `f icftgitc icf `l r`v`fk`k
r`v`fk`kcr
cr dçs
i`rigfc.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 01
QP@Y[G @F Y@_RNINC
@YQG×CL
ICF[_CL QCYNINÙF NF[@__PQ[C_ M@F@_GL ^
Y@L@I[C_@Y K@ Y@_RNINC
G
Gii`kg gl igpù k`k ` nfsp`iinùf G k` lg tcrr`tg y `b`itø`
lcs snmun`ft`s icftrcl`s8
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 07
QP@Y[G @F Y@_RNINC
@YQG×CL
QP@Y[G @F DG_IEG K@L DC[C_ KN@Y@L
@F ICFKNINCF@Y FC_DGL@Y
Q@LNM_C Q@LNM_C
Fc giincf` `l dctcr kn`s`l gllä kcfk` pukn`rg ego`r Gft`s k` `dp`zgr `l prci`kndn`ftc k` pu`stg `f
pr`s`fing k` vgpcr`s k` icdoustnol`
icdoustnol`.. @stcs
@stcs vgpcr`s dgrieg, egmg
giøstnic pgrg scfgrg tckgs
gkv`rtnr r`p`tnkgd`ft` `l pr`s`ft`s
lgs p`rscfgs gvnsgkcr
pu`k`f s`r gspnrgkcs g trgvîs k` lg nfstglginùf k`
gspnrginùf k`l gnr` y gi`l`rgr c dgfkgr bu`rg k` `f lgs i`rigfägs k` lg dçqunfg, qu` gsä pckrçf
r`vcluincf`s `l dctcr, lc iugl pu`k` prcvcigr uf gl`hgrs`.
nfi`fknc, `xplcsnùf y mrgv`s kg÷cs g p`rscfgs y/c
icsgs. Fud`rcscs knspcsntnvcs k` s`murnkgk, icdc
lcs knspcsntnvcs k` in`rr` k` lg gspnrginùf k`l gnr`,
scf knspcfnol`s pgrg r`kuinr gl däfndc `l rn`smc k`
`xplcsncf`s c nfi`fkncs. @l icfstruitcr YCNLD@I fc
pu`k` pr`v`r `l usc y lgs icfknincf`
icfknincf`ss gdon`ftgl`s
`f lgs iugl`s cp`rgrç lg dçqunfg. @l Q_CQN@[G_NC y
`l CQ@_GKC_ scf r`spcfsgol`s k`l usc s`murc `f
uf gdon`ft` ecstnl. Qgrg dçs nfbcrdginùf knrähgs` gl
Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftgs Ycnld`i.
G[@FINÙF
Gft`s k` lg pu`stg `f dgrieg k`l dctcr,
dctcr, icdpru`o`
qu` `l snst`dg k` icftrcl Krnllnfm Dgt` Yyst`d `stî
k`sgitnvgkc (s`l`itcr G `f pcsninùf ―1„).
Lg pu`stg `f dgrieg k`l dctcr icf `l snst`dg
Krnllnfm Dgt` Yyst`d gitnvgkc pckräg kg÷gr `l dnsdc
snst`dg.
@
- Nftrckuzig lg llgv` O `f `l icfdutgkcr I.
- Mnr` lg llgv` O k` lg pcsninùf CBB `f lg pcsninùf
CF.
- Icdpru`o` qu` lg pglgfig k`l gi`l`rgkcr K `stî `f
lg pcsninùf DNF. G
- Mnr` lg llgv` `f lg pcsninùf Y[G_[ y dgftîfmglg `f
`stg pcsninùf egstg lg pu`stg `f dgrieg k`l dctcr
(dçx 91 s`mufkcs). I
O
- K`spuîs k` lg pu`stg `f dgrieg, icdpru`o` qu` lg
luz k` gvnsc @ s` gpgmu`.
G[@FINÙF
Yn lg luz k` gvnsc @ qu`kg `fi`fknkg, mnr` `l s`l`itcr
G y `fin`fkg `l snst`dg k` icftrcl Krnllnfm Dgt`
Yyst`d.
Icfsult` `l r`lgtnvc dgfugl pgrg ousigr `l iùknmc
k` lg gfcdgläg s`÷glgkg y k`inknr sn pgrgr `l dctcr
nfd`kngtgd`ft` c s`munr trgoghgfkc y `lndnfgr lg
gfcdgläg `f uf s`mufkc tn`dpc.
I
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 0?
QP@Y[G @F Y@_RNINC
@YQG×CL
- @fin`fkg `l snst`dg k` icftrcl Krnllnfm Dgt` Yyst`d
(s`l`itcr G `f pcsninùf “N—) y gii`kg g lg pçmnfg k`
icftrcl k`l dctcr.
NDQC_[GF[@
Qgrg dçs
icftrcl nfbcrdgincf`s
Krnllnfm r`lgtnvgs
Dgt` Yyst`d, egmgglr`b`r`fing
snst`dg k`
gl K
dgfugl `sp`iäic qu` s` gkhuftg g lg kciud`ftginùf
tîifnig k` lg dçqunfg.
G[@FINÙF G[@FINÙF
Qgrg `vntgr kg÷gr `l dctcr k` `fi`fknkc fc lc giincf` Lg `xi`snvg utnlnzginùf k`l dctcr `f icfknincf`s
dçs k` 91 s`mufkcs. @sp`r` ? dnfutcs `ftr` uf k` dçxndg gi`l`rginùf g ufg v`lcinkgk nfb`rncr gl
nft`ftc k` `fi`fknkc y ctrc. rîmnd`f k` pgr dçxndc r`kui` lg kurginùf k`l dctcr
egstg lg r`vnsnùf y s` icfsnk`rg uf usc ndprcpnc k`l
G[@FINÙF dctcr.
Fc egmg mnrgr `l dctcr `f vgiäc pcr p`rnckcs
`xi`snvgd`ft` lgrmcs. Q`rnckcs k` dçs k` 71 G[@FINÙF
dnfutcs pu`k`f kg÷gr `l dctcr yg qu` lg t`dp`rgturg Yn s` icdpru`og ufg icfkninùf k` r`igl`ftgdn`ftc,
`f lg içdgrg k` pr`snùf oghg egstg `l puftc qu` `l r`kuzig lg pct`fing k`l dctcr ll`vgfkc
ll`v gfkc lg pglgfig k`l
icdoustnol` fc qu`dg icdpl`tgd`ft`. gi`l`rgkcr gl däfndc egstg qu` lg t`dp`rgturg vu`lvg
g lg fcrdgl mgdg k` `h`rininc. Yn lg t`dp`rgturg k`l
G[@FINÙF dctcr fc vu`lv` g lg fcrdglnkgk, gpgmu` `l dctcr.
Iugfkc s` `fin`fk` `l dctcr `f bräc, gud`ft`
l`ftgd`ft` lg v`lcinkgk (_@RCLPINCF@Y/DNFP[C) G[@FINÙF
k`l dctcr pgrg icfs`ftnr ufg gk`iugkg luorniginùf @l bufincfgdn`ftc icftnfugkc icf ufg t`dp`rgturg
k` lcs ichnf`t`s y p`rdntnr g lg pr`snùf k`l gi`nt` k` k`l r`brnm`rgft` nfsuin`ft`, nfb`rncr g 21±I: c icf
`stgonlnzgrs`. ufg t`dp`rgturg k`l r`brnm`rgft`
r`brnm`rgft ` `l`vgkg, pcr `findg
k` 711±I pu`k` kg÷gr `l dctcr.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 09
QP@Y[G @F Y@_RNINC
@YQG×CL
D@KNGF[@ BP@F[@ GPUNLNG_
G[@FINÙF
G[@FINÙF
@l prci`kndn`ftc k` pu`stg `f dgrieg icf bu`ft` - Icf`it` sn`dpr`
sn`dpr` `ftr` `llcs `l pclc pcsntnvc
pcsntnvc k` lg
guxnlngr `s uf prci`kndn`ftc k` `d`rm`fing y, pcr ogt`räg qu` egy qu` scicrr`r (+) icf `l pclc pcsntnvc
lc tgftc,
r`gl`s k` egy qu` r`glnzgrlc
f`i`snkgk. sùlc `fiugftc
_``stgol`zig icfknincf`s
gft`s (+) k` lg ogt`räg k` scicrrc, y `l pclc f`mgtnvc (-)
icf `l pclc f`mgtnvc (-).
lg bufincfglnkgk k` lgs ogt`rägs nfstglgkgs `f lg - Qgrg lg pu`stg `f dgrieg icf bu`ft` guxnlngr, utnlni`
dçqunfg pgrgkg. sn`dpr` ogt`rägs icf ufg t`fsnùf nmugl g lg k` lgs
ogt`rägs nfstglgkgs `f lg dçqunfg.
G[@FINÙF - Gpgmu` tckgs lgs lui`s y lcs
lcs gii`scrncs nfstglgkcs
- Qgrg lg pu`stg `f dgrieg k` `d`rm`fing d`kngft` `f lg dçqunfg.
bu`ft` guxnlngr utnlni` uf icfhuftc k` ogt`rägs c uf
v`eäiulc `qunpgkc k` ogt`rägs `qunvgl`ft`s g lgs G[@FINÙF
G[@FINÙF
nfstglgkgs `f lg dçqunfg qu` egy qu` scicrr`r.
scicrr`r. - Yn lg ogt`räg k` scicrrc s` `ficftrgs` scor` ctrc
- Lgs ogt`rägs prckui`f vgpcr`s nfgdgol`s v`eäiulc, gs`mør`s` qu` îst` fc `stî `f icftgitc
qu` pu`k`f `xplctgr c igusgr giink`ft`s g lcs icf lg dçqunfg qu` egy qu` scicrr`r pgrg `vntgr
cp`rgkcr`s `f lgs i`rigfägs y g lg dçqunfg. kg÷cs g lcs ichnf`t`s k`l dctcr y/c gl inriuntc
- @vnt` lg bcrdginùf k` ienspgs i`rig k` lgs ogt`rägs `lîitrnic.
pcrqu` pckrägf igusgr lg `xplcsnùf k` lcs mgs`s - Mnr` `l nft`rruptcr y k`sicf`it`
k`sicf`it` lgs ogt`rägs k` lg
nfgdgol`s.
- @vnt` `l icftgitc k` lcs ocrf`s k` lgs ogt`rägs dçqunfg
`f dgriegqu` egy
icf qu` guxnlngr.
bu`ft` scicrr`r gft`s k` lg pu`stg
utnlnzgkgs icdc bu`ft` guxnlngr `ftr` `llcs c icf lg - Ogt`rägs k`dgsngkc k`sigrmgkgs fc pu`k`f s`r
dçqunfg. igrmgkgs pcr `l glt`rfgkcr k` lg dçqunfg k`spuîs
- Fc bud` kurgft` `l icftrcl
icftrcl k`l fnv`l k`l
k`l `l`itrùlntc k` ufg pu`stg `f dgrieg icf bu`ft` guxnlngr.
k` lgs ogt`rägs. - Lgs ogt`rägs k`o`f s`r r`igrmgkgs icf lg t`fsnùf
- @l `l`itrùlntc `s uf çinkc qu` pu`k` prcvcigr icrr`itg d`kngft` uf igrmgkcr k` ogt`rägs icf
l`sncf`s sn `ftrg `f icftgitc icf lg pn`l c icf lcs igrgit`rästnigs gprcpngkgs.
chcs. - Gs`mør`s` qu` lg ogt`räg k` scicrrc t`fmg
t`fmg lg dnsdg
- Ll`v` sn`dpr` mgbgs k` prct`iinùf iugfkc s` pcf` t`fsnùf k` lg qu` egy qu` scicrr`r. Icdpru`o` lg
`f dgrieg ufg dçqunfg icf ufg bu`ft` guxnlngr. t`fsnùf k` lgs ogt`rägs nfstglgkgs `f su dçqunfg.
- Pfg pu`stg `f dgrieg icf bu`ft` guxnlngr nficrr`itg Qgrg lg pu`stg `f dgrieg icf bu`ft` guxnlngr,
pu`k` igusgr ufg `xplcsnùf icf pcsnonlnkgk k` gs`mør`s` qu` lg t`fsnùf `s lg dnsdg. Pfg t`fsnùf
l`sncf`s g lcs cp`rgkcr`s `f lgs i`rigfägs k` lg nfb`rncr c sup`rncr pu`k` kg÷gr `l inriuntc `lîitrnic
dçqunfg. k` lg dçqunfg.
- Yn fc `s pcsnol` pcf`r `f dgrieg `l dctcr icf lgs
GPU
GPU
Y[K
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P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 0;
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ogt`rägs nfstglgkgs scor` lg dçqunfg, gpcy` `f `l
su`lc `l dçstnl c `v`ftugl`s `qunpcs gii`scrncs.
- Mnr` `f CBB `l nft`rruptcr k` pu`stg `f dgrieg O k`
lg dçqunfg pgrg scicrr`r. Gpgmu`, gk`dçs, tckcs
lcs gii`scrncs nfstglgkcs `f `llg.
- K`sicf`it` lgs ogt`rägs k` lg dçqunfg qu` egy qu`
scicrr`r.
- Iclcqu` `l v`eäiulc c `l `qunpgdn`ftc k` scicrrc
i`rig k` lg dçqunfg qu` egy qu` scicrr`r.
G[@FINÙF
G[@FINÙF O
@vnt` gosclutgd`ft` qu` lgs dçqunfgs `ftr`f `f
icftgitc `ftr` `llgs.
G[@FINÙF
G[@FINÙF
Icf`it` `l ocrf` pcsntnvc k`l igol` pu`ft` gl
ocrf` pcsntnvc k` lg ogt`räg k`sigrmgkg. @vnt`
gosclutgd`ft` qu` `l ocrf` y iuglqun`r ctrg pgrt`
d`tçlnig k` lg dçqunfg qu` fc s`g `l ocrf` k` lg
ogt`räg `ftr`f `f icftgitc.
- Icf`it` lg ctrg `xtr`dnkgk k`l igol` pcsntnvc gl - @sp`r` pcr lc d`fcs kcs dnfutcs gft`s k` nft`ftgr
ocrf` pcsntnvc (rchc) k` lg bu`ft` k` scicrrc. pcf`r `f dgrieg lg dçqunfg pgrgkg. @stc p`rdntnrç
- Icf`it` `l ocrf` f`mgtnvc k`l igol` pu`ft` gl ocrf` g lgs ogt`rägs r`igrmgrs` pgringld`ft`.
f`mgtnvc k` lg bu`ft` k` scicrrc. - Qrci`kg icf lg pu`stg `f dgrieg k` lg dçqunfg
- Gecrg icf`it` lg ctrg `xtr`dnkgk k`l igol` f`mgtnvc s`møf `l prci`kndn`ftc `stçfkgr.
gl ocrf` f`mgtnvc k` lg ogt`räg k`sigrmgkg. @vnt` qu` - Hustc k`spuîs
scicrr`r, k` pcf`rnfd`kngtgd`ft`
k`sicf`it` `f dgrieg lg dçqunfg pgrg
lcs igol`s
`l igol` `ftr` `f icftgitc icf lcs igol`s k` lg ogt`räg
`lîitrnig, `l snst`dg k` glnd`ftginùf k` icdoustnol`, pu`ft` snmun`fkc `l prci`kndn`ftc nfv`rsc.
`l snst`dg enkrçulnic u ctrcs icdpcf`ft`s dùvnl`s. - Dgft`fmg `l dctcr `f dgrieg pcr ufcs 91 dnfutcs y
- Qcfmg `f dgrieg `l dctcr k`l v`eäiulc k` scicrrc, c pçr`lc s`møf `l prci`kndn`ftc `stçfkgr.
`l snst`dg k` r`igrmg k`
k ` lg bu`ft` `lîitrnig guxnlngr. - Ru`lvg g pcf`r `f dgrieg lg dçqunfg snmun`fkc `l
prci`kndn`ftc fcrdgl.
G[@FINÙF
@f `l igsc `f qu` lg dçqunfg qu` egy qu` scicrr`r NDQC_[GF[@
nfstgl` uf dctcr Iuddnfs c uf snst`dg k` icftrcl @b`itø` `f tckc igsc uf icftrcl k` lg nfstglginùf y
Krnllnfm Dgt` Yyst`d (KDY), fc grrgfqu` fufig `l `v`ftugld`ft` r`igrmu` c sustntuyg lgs ogt`rägs k`
dctcr k`l v`eäiulc k` scicrrc icf `l snst`dg k` lg dçqunfg pgrg scicrr`r.
icftrcl `fi`fknkc pgrg `vntgr kg÷cs g lg `l`itrùfnig
k` m`stnùf k` lg dçqunfg qu` egy qu` scicrr`r.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
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P YC
YC - Q
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@YQG×CL
K@YQPÎY K@ LG QP@Y[G @F DG_IEG
IGL@F[GDN@F[C K@L DC[C_ KN@Y@L
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 02
QP@Y[G @F Y@_RNINC
@YQG×CL
Y@×GLNXGINÙF K@ BPFINCFGDN@F[
BPFINCFGDN@F[C
C GFÙDGLC
G[@FINÙF
[rgoghgr icf lcs k`t`itcr`s gv`rngkcs `xpcf` gl rn`smc
k` ir`gr uf mrgv` kg÷c g lg dçqunfg. Lgs pcsnol`s G
gfcdglägs qu` s` pu`kgf
fc s`rçf s`÷glnzgkgs. prckuinr
Yustntuyg `f `stg sntuginùf
nfd`kngtgd`ft` lcs
k`t`itcr`s kg÷gkcs c k`sicf`itgkcs. YCNLD@I Ypg
s` r`s`rvg k` r`iegzgr pcsnol`s r`ilgdgincf`s `f `l
igsc `f qu` s` icdpru`o` qu` fc s` iudpl`f lgs
gkv`rt`fings gft`s intgkgs.
NDQC_[GF[@ O
Qgrg dçs nfbcrdgincf`s r`lgtnvgs gl snst`dg k`
icftrcl Krnllnfm Dgt` Yyst`d, egmg r`b`r`fing gl
dgfugl `sp`iäic qu` s` gkhuftg g lg kciud`ftginùf
tîifnig k` lg dçqunfg.
NDQC_[GF[@
@l pgf`l k` icftrcl k` lgs bufincf`s k` nzgkc (I)
s`÷glg `v`ftugl`s icfknincf`s k` glgrdg d`kngft`
lg vnsuglnzginùf k` uf iùknmc.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
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EGONLN[GINÙF
EGONLN[GINÙF K@ LCY DGFKCY
DGFKCY @F IGONFG
Q@LNM_C
@stç gosclutgd`ft` prcenonkc nfenonr lg nft`rv`finùf
k`l dnircnft`rruptcr k` pr`s`fing k`l cp`rgkcr.
YCNLD@I Ypg k`ilnfg iuglqun`r r`spcfsgonlnkgk
pcr kg÷cs g p`rscfgs y/c icsgs k`onkcs g lg fc
cos`rvginùf k` `stg r`mlg k` icdpcrtgdn`ftc.
Q@LNM_C
Fc k`h` fufig y `f fnfmøf igsc lgs llgv`s k`
s`rvninc `f lcs r`sp`itnvcs icfdutgkcr`s y/c
s`l`itcr`s, nfilusc `f pgrgkgs k` or`v` kurginùf.
@l nfiudplndn`ftc k` `stg fcrdg `l`d`ftgl k`
icdpcrtgdn`ftc pu`k` igusgr kg÷cs mrgv`s, sn
gii`k`f g lcs dgfkcs k` lg dçqunfg p`rscfgs fc
gutcrnzgkgs c nficdp`t`ft`s.
O
Icdc `stç pr`vnstc pcr lgs knr`itnvgs vnm`ft`s, `l gii`sc
g lcs dgfkcs k` lg igonfg `stç prct`mnkc pcr tr`s
`l`d`ftcs knstnftcs, k`
G Dnircnft`rruptcr `s pr`s`fing
k`inr8 cp`rgkcr (nfstglgkc `f
`l nft`rncr k`l gsn`ftc) G
O Qglgfig k` egonlntginùf
I Octùf k` gitnvginùf
K
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ÇMNFG 05
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[_GYLGKC
Q@LNM_C
Lgs knd`fsncf`s k` lg dçqunfg fc icfsn`ft`f ufg
vnsnonlnkgk p`rb`itg scor` tckc `f `l lgkc k`r`iec
k`
k` lg dçqunfg.
p`rscfgl g @l cp`rgkcr
tn`rrg k`o` p`knr
pgrg pck`r `l gpcyc
prci`k`r icf
s`murnkgk kurgft` lgs cp`rgincf`s k` trgslginùf y/c
iclciginùf.
Q@LNM_C
Gufqu` lg trgslginùf s`g gfufingkg icf `l scfnkc K @
k` uf gvnsgkcr giøstnic, gft`s k` `dp`zgr lg
dgfncorg, pnkg `l gpcyc k` ufc c dçs `figrmgkcs
g lg s`÷glnzginùf g tn`rrg qu` pu`kgf gs`murgrs` k`
ufg pcsnol` pr`s`fing k` p`rscfgs k`oghc `f lgs
i`rigfägs k` lg dçqunfg. @sp`r` `l RNG LNO_@ k`sk`
tn`rrg, gft`s k` dcv`rs`.
NDQC_[GF[@
Qgrg dçs nfbcrdgincf`s r`lgtnvgs gl snst`dg k`
icftrcl Krnllnfm Dgt` Yyst`d, egmg r`b`r`fing gl
dgfugl `sp`iäic G[7?21=2 qu` s` gkhuftg g lg
kciud`ftginùf tîifnig k` lg dçqunfg.
G
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
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P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 0>
QP@Y[G @F Y@_RNINC
@YQG×CL
- Mnr` `l s`l`itcr I k` lg pcsninùf k` olcqu`c “1— g lg
pcsninùf k` egonlntginùf v`lcinkgk L@F[G “7—.
- @f `stg icfkninùf, `l gvnsgkcr giøstnic s` gitnvg
gutcdçtnigd`ft`.
- Icdpru`o` qu` lg luz k` gvnsc K s` `fin`fkg.
- K`sk` gecrg lcs dgfkcs k` p`kgl G-O `stçf
egonlntgkcs. ?
- Gitø` scor` lcs dgfkcs k` p`kgl G-O c lgs pglgfigs 7 I
nfknb`r`ft`d`ft` iclciçfkclcs `f lg pcsninùf B pgrg
lg dgrieg gk`lgft` c `f lg pcsninùf M pgrg lg dgrieg 1
gtrçs.
- Lg icdonfginùf k`l dcvndn`ftc k` ufg pglgfig
r`sp`tc g lg ctrg p`rdnt` vclv`r c mnrgr icf i`ftrc
scor` lg crumg pgrgkg c scor` `l `h` k` lg dçqunfg.
- Gl fglnzgr lg trgslginùf, vu`lvg g pcf`r
colnmgtcrngd`ft` `l s`l`itcr I `f lg pcsninùf “1—.
- Lg luz k` gvnsc K s` gpgmg y `l gvnsgkcr giøstnic s`
k`sgitnvg.
G (Kx) O (Yx)
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ÇMNFG 21
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G (Kx)
O (Yx)
O (Yx) G (Kx)
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@F ICFKNINCF@Y FC_DGL@Y
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@F ICFKNINCF@Y K@ @D@_M@FING
K@ LG IGONFG
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FC_DGL ICF
I CF J@LL
J@ LL^
^ DCF[GKC
G[@FINÙF
Gft`s k` prci`k`r
prci`kndn`ftc icf `f
k`sirntcs iuglqun`r cp`rginùfl`g
`st` igpätulc, c
iunkgkcsgd`ft` tckgs lgs gkv`rt`fings k` s`murnkgk
y lgs nfbcrdgincf`s prcpcrincfgkgs `f lgs s`iincf`s
G-O-I k`l pr`s`ft` dgfugl.
G[@FINÙF
Lgs dgfncorgs qu` s` k`sirno`f g icftnfuginùf
k`o`f s`r `b`itugkgs øfnigd`ft` scor` uf t`rr`fc
llgfc icf igpginkgk pcrtgft` gk`iugkg.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
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P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 2;
DCF[GH@ - R@_YNÙF J@LL^
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@FYGFIEGDN@F[C K@ LGY C_PMGY
Lg cp`rginùf k` `fsgfiegdn`ftc crumgs k`o` `b`itugrs`
pgrg iclcigr lg dçqunfg `f icfmurginùf k` trgoghc.
Lg icfmurginùf icf gfiec k` väg däfndc s` utnlnzg
øfnigd`ft`
r`dclqu` pgrgkurgft`
r`kuinr lgs bgs`sk`lk`
`l gfiec trgfspcrt` scor`
igrrc.
Qgrg `fsgfiegr lgs crumgs, k`splgi` lg pglgfig G.
G[@FINÙF
Y` gicfs`hg `b`itugr lg dgfncorg icf icftnfunkgk G
egstg `fsgfiegr icdpl`tgd`ft` lg crumg.
Q@LNM_C
@stç prcenonkc trgoghgr icf lgs crumgs `str`iegkgs
(icfmurginùf k` trgfspcrt`) y glzgr `l dçstnl gft`s
qu` lgs crumgs `stîf icdpl`tgd`ft` `fsgfiegkgs.
@f `stg icfkninùf, lg dçqunfg pckräg vcligrs` icf
mrgv`s rn`smcs pgrg lg nficludnkgk k`l p`rscfgl.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
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YC - Q
ÇMNFG 20
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K@YDCF[GH@ K@ LCY @L@D@F[CY K@
OLCWP@C
K`sdcft` `l `strnoc G qu` hg `l dçstnl gl igogll`t` k`
trgfspcrt`.
Wunt`
Qgrg `l`stg
suh`tgkcr O k`l `l`d`ftc
cp`rginùf, sup`rncr k`l dçstnl.ufg
utnlni` colnmgtcrngd`ft`
`sigl`rg c ufg plgtgbcrdg k` s`rvninc gk`iugkg.
O
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
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ÇMNFG 22
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ICLCIGINÙF K@L @L@DF[C YPQ@_NC_
QL@MGOL@ K@L DÇY[NL
Iclcqu` `l `l`d`ftc sup`rncr `f pcsninùf k` trgoghc, `s G
k`inr glnf`gkc icf `l dçstnl.
Olcqu``
gpr`tgfkc`f
lcs pcsninùf nftrckuin`fkc
r`lgtnvcs tcrfnllcs lcs p`rfcs
y lcs pgsgkcr`s O. G y O
Icf`it` lgs icf`xncf`s `lîitrnigs I.
G[@FINÙF
Qgrg gligfzgr lg zcfg k` k`sdcftgh`, `l nfstglgkcr
k`o` utnlnzgr `sigl`rgs y plgtgbcrdgs gîr`gs
ecdclcmgkgs y `f ou`f `stgkc.
I
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
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P YC
YC - Q
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DGFKC ENK_ÇPLNIC K@ GLNF@GDN@F[C K@L
@L@D@F[C YPQ@_NC_ K@L DÇY[NL (CQINCFGL)
G[@FINÙF
Qgrg gligfzgr lg zcfg k` dcftgh`, `l nfstglgkcr k`o` I K
utnlnzgr `sigl`rgs y plgtgbcrdgs gîr`gs ecdclcmgkgs
y `f ou`f `stgkc.
G[@FINÙF
Qgrg `b`itugr lg dgfncorg k` dgf`rg s`murg y
icrr`itg, prci`kg icf duiec iunkgkc y pnkg lg
gsnst`fing k` uf s`mufkc `figrmgkc `f `l su`lc.
B
M
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 25
DCF[GH@ - R@_YNÙF J@LL^
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K@YDCF[GH@ K@ LCY KNYQCYN[NRCY K@
K@YDCF[GH@
OLCWP@C K@ LG OG__G J@LL
J@LL^
^
@
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L@RGF[GDN@F[C K@L DÇY[NL
@dpn`i` lg dgfncorg glzgfkc `l inf`dgtnsdc y
dgft`fn`fkc `l dçstnl ecrnzcftgl.
Iugfkc `l dçstnl sup`rg `l fnv`l k`l t`iec k` lg igonfg
cp`rgkcr, `dpn`i` g glzgr `l dçstnl giincfgfkc lcs kcs
inlnfkrcs r`lgtnvcs.
Ynmg glzgfkc `l dçstnl y `l inf`dgtnsdc iunkgfkc qu` `l
pn` k`l dçstnl fc iecqu` icftrg `l t`rr`fc.
NDQC_[GF[@
Qgrg glzgr `l dçstnl, gprn`t` y dgft`fmg gpr`tgkc
egstg `l fgl k` lg dgfncorg `l octùf G pgrg nfenonr
lg nft`rv`finùf k`l dnircnft`rruptcr k` icftrcl k`l
lädnt` k` `frcllgkc dçxndc k` lcs igol`s.
G[@FINÙF
Kurgft` lg dgfncorg k` l`vgftgdn`ftc k`l dçstnl,
gch` lcs igol`s k` lcs igor`stgft` mrgkugld`ft`.
G
Lg dgfncorg qu`
Icdpru`o` s` t`rdnfg gl gligfzgr
lg `xtr`dnkgk k` lglgpcsninùf v`rtnigl.
ogrrg j`lly fc
iecqu` icftrg `l t`rr`fc (`v`ftugld`ft` gli` lg ogrrg
j`lly d`kngft` `l igor`stgft` prnfinpgl).
Iugfkc `l dçstnl `stç v`rtnigl, lg dçqunfg `stç lnstg pgrg
`l dcftgh` k`l `qunpc k` p`rbcrginùf.
K`s`frcll` `l igol` k`l igor`stgft` guxnlngr, nftrckuzig
lg `xtr`dnkgk k`l igol` `f lg prnd`rg muäg y olcquî`lg
`f lg s`mufkg muäg iclcigkg `f lg ogs` k`l dçstnl.
Iugfkc `l igor`stgft` fc s` utnlnzg, `l igol` k` s`rvninc
k`o` sn`dpr` `stgr hgkc `f `stg pcsninùf.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG =1
DCF[GH@ - R@_YNÙF J@LL^
@YQG×CL
QP@Y[G @F Y@_RNINC G QG_[N_ K@ LG ICFBNMP_GINÙF K@ [_GFYQC_[@
GLNM@_GKC YNF J@LL^
G[@FINÙF
G
Gft`s[@FINÙF
k` prci`k`r icf iuglqun`r cp`rginùf c
prci`kndn`ftc k`sirntcs `f `st` igpätulc, l`g
iunkgkcsgd`ft` tckgs lgs gkv`rt`fings k` s`murnkgk
y lgs nfbcrdgincf`s prcpcrincfgkgs `f lgs s`iincf`s
G-O-I k`l pr`s`ft` dgfugl.
G[@FINÙF
Lgs dgfncorgs qu` s` k`sirno`f g icftnfuginùf
k`o`f s`r `b`itugkgs øfnigd`ft` scor` uf t`rr`fc
llgfc icf igpginkgk pcrtgft` gk`iugkg.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG =7
DCF[GH@ - R@_YNÙF J@LL^
@YQG×CL
@FYGFIEGDN@F[C
@FYGFIEGDN@F[C K@ LGY C_PMGY
Lg cp`rginùf k` `fsgfiegdn`ftc crumgs k`o` `b`itugrs`
pgrg iclcigr lg dçqunfg `f icfmurginùf k` trgoghc.
Lg icfmurginùf icf gfiec k` väg däfndc s` utnlnzg
øfnigd`ft`
r`dclqu` pgrgkurgft`
r`kuinr lgs bgs`sk`lk`
`l gfiec trgfspcrt` scor`
igrrc.
Qgrg `fsgfiegr lgs crumgs, k`splgi` lg pglgfig G.
G[@FINÙF
Y` gicfs`hg `b`itugr lg dgfncorg icf icftnfunkgk G
egstg `fsgfiegr icdpl`tgd`ft` lg crumg.
Q@LNM_C
@stç prcenonkc trgoghgr icf lgs crumgs `str`iegkgs
(icfmurginùf k` trgfspcrt`) y glzgr `l dçstnl gft`s
qu` lgs crumgs `stîf icdpl`tgd`ft` `fsgfiegkgs.
@f `stg icfkninùf, lg dçqunfg pckräg vcligrs` icf
mrgv`s rn`smcs pgrg lg nficludnkgk k`l p`rscfgl.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG =?
DCF[GH@ - R@_YNÙF J@LL^
@YQG×CL
K@YDCF[GH@ K@ LCY @L@D@F[CY K@
OLCWP@C
K`sdcft` `l `strnoc G qu` hg `l dçstnl gl igogll`t` k`
trgfspcrt`.
Wunt`
Qgrg `l`stg
suh`tgkcr O k`l `l`d`ftc
cp`rginùf, sup`rncr k`l dçstnl.ufg
utnlni` colnmgtcrngd`ft`
`sigl`rg c ufg plgtgbcrdg k` s`rvninc gk`iugkg.
O
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG =9
DCF[GH@ - R@_YNÙF J@LL^
@YQG×CL
ICLCIGINÙF K@ LG Q_CLCFMGINÙF
YPQ@_NC_ QL@MGOL@ K@L DÇY[NL
Iclcqu` `l `l`d`ftc sup`rncr `f pcsninùf k` trgoghc, `s
k`inr glnf`gkc icf `l dçstnl.
Olcqu`` `f pcsninùf nftrckuin`fkc lcs p`rfcs G y
gpr`tgfkc lcs r`lgtnvcs tcrfnllcs y lcs pgsgkcr`s O. G
Icf`it` lgs icf`xncf`s `lîitrnigs I.
O
G[@FINÙF
Qgrg gligfzgr lg zcfg k` k`sdcftgh`, `l nfstglgkcr
k`o` utnlnzgr `sigl`rgs y plgtgbcrdgs gîr`gs
ecdclcmgkgs y `f ou`f `stgkc.
I
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG =;
DCF[GH@ - R@_YNÙF J@LL^
@YQG×CL
DGFKC ENK_ÇPLNIC K@ GLNF@GDN@F[C K@L
@L@D@F[C YPQ@_NC_ K@L DÇY[NL (CQINCFGL)
G[@FINÙF
Qgrg gligfzgr lg zcfg k` dcftgh`, `l nfstglgkcr k`o` I K
utnlnzgr `sigl`rgs y plgtgbcrdgs gîr`gs ecdclcmgkgs
y `f ou`f `stgkc.
G[@FINÙF
Qgrg `b`itugr lg dgfncorg k` dgf`rg s`murg y
icrr`itg, prci`kg icf duiec iunkgkc y pnkg lg
gsnst`fing k` uf s`mufkc `figrmgkc `f `l su`lc.
B
M
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG =0
DCF[GH@ - R@_YNÙF J@LL^
@YQG×CL
L@RGF[GDN@F[C K@L DÇY[NL
@dpn`i` lg dgfncorg glzgfkc `l inf`dgtnsdc y
dgft`fn`fkc `l dçstnl ecrnzcftgl.
Iugfkc `l dçstnl sup`rg `l fnv`l k`l t`iec k` lg igonfg
cp`rgkcr, `dpn`i` g glzgr `l dçstnl giincfgfkc lcs kcs
inlnfkrcs r`lgtnvcs.
Ynmg glzgfkc `l dçstnl y `l inf`dgtnsdc iunkgfkc qu` `l
pn` k`l dçstnl fc iecqu` icftrg `l t`rr`fc.
NDQC_[GF[@
Qgrg glzgr `l dçstnl, gprn`t` y dgft`fmg gpr`tgkc
egstg `l fgl k` lg dgfncorg `l octùf G pgrg nfenonr
lg nft`rv`finùf k`l dnircnft`rruptcr k` icftrcl k`l
lädnt` k` `frcllgkc dçxndc k` lcs igol`s.
G[@FINÙF
Kurgft` lg dgfncorg k` l`vgftgdn`ftc k`l dçstnl,
gch` lcs igol`s k` lcs igor`stgft` mrgkugld`ft`.
G
Lg dgfncorg s` gl
icrr`spcfkn`ft` t`rdnfg gl gligfzgr
rgknc k` lg pcsninùf
trgoghc dçxndc v`rtnigl
k` 9,0 d.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG =2
DCF[GH@ - R@_YNÙF J@LL^
@YQG×CL
DCF[GH@ K@ LG OG__G J@LL^
NDQC_[GF[@
Yn, kurgft` `l dcftgh`, lg dçqunfg s` pgrg k`onkc
g lg nft`rv`finùf k` lcs dnircnft`rruptcr`s k`
icftrcl k`l lädnt` k` `frcllgdn`ftc k` lcs igol`s
dçxndc c k` k`si`fsc dçxndc k`l inf`dgtnsdc,
gprn`t` y dgft`fmg gpr`tgkcs egstg `l fgl k` lg G
dgfncorg lcs octcf`s G-O k` nfenoninùf k` lcs
dnircnft`rruptcr`s.
O
pcsninùf oghg.
Yu`lt` `l igol` k`l igor`stgft` prnfinpgl y icf`it` `l
igol` gl `l`d`ftc k` rctginùf I k` lg ogrrg j`lly. I
G[@FINÙF
Icdpru`o` qu` lgs kcs dcrkgzgs k` lg igo`zg k`
muäg `stîf gon`rtgs.
G[@FINÙF
Dgfncor`
k` l`ftc
p`rscfgl y iunkgkcsgd`ft` y pnkg lg gsnst`fing
g tn`rrg.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG ==
DCF[GH@ - R@_YNÙF J@LL^
@YQG×CL
Qr`st` duieg gt`finùf iugfkc lgs dcrkgzgs gon`rtgs
s` gi`rigf gl dçstnl kurgft` lg `l`vginùf k` lg j`lly `f
pcsninùf v`rtnigl8 lgs dcrkgzgs gon`rtgs k`o`f gpcygrs`
scor` lgs muägs r`sp`itnvgs `f icrr`spcfk`fing k`l
`l`d`ftc sup`rncr k`l dçstnl.
Icf lg ogrrg
pcsninùf j`llyy glzgkg,
v`rtnigl iclcqu`vu`lvg g iclcigr
lg ogrrg `findg `l
k`dçstnl `f
lg d`sg
rctgtcrng (kurgft` `stg bgs`, pr`stg duieg gt`finùf pgrg
fc iecigr icftrg lg `struiturg k` lg igo`zg).
G[@FINÙF
Qrci`kg l`ftc y iunkgkcsgd`ft` y pnkg lg gsnst`fing
k` uf s`mufkc `figrmgkc gl su`lc.
G[@FINÙF
Qgrg uf d`hcr icftrcl k` lg dgfncorg k` i`ftrgkc,
icf lg j`lly glzgkg scor` `l dgfmuntc k` lg d`sg
rctgtcrng, gt` kcs iu`rkgs g lg `xtr`dnkgk nfb`rncr
k` lg j`lly (qu` s`rçf tnrgkgs g knstgfing pcr kcs
`figrmgkcs).
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG =5
DCF[GH@ - R@_YNÙF J@LL^
@YQG×CL
Dgft`fn`fkc `l igol` on`f t`fsgkc, `dpn`i` g nfilnfgr
iunkgkcsgd`ft` `l dçstnl eging gtrçs egstg iclcigr lg
igo`zg k` muäg scor` `l dçstnl.
Icdpru`o` qu` îstg `stî glnf`gkg k` dgf`rg icrr`itg.
lg `xtr`dnkgk
olcquî`lg `f lgk`ls`mufkg
igol` `fmuäg
lg prnd`rg
iclcigkgmuäg igol`
`f lg pgrt`y
nfb`rncr k`l dçstnl.
Iugfkc `st` igor`stgft` fc s` utnlnzg, `l igol` r`lgtnvc
k`o` sn`dpr` `stgr hgkc `f `stg pcsninùf.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG =>
DCF[GH@ - R@_YNÙF J@LL^
@YQG×CL
DCF[GH@ K@ LG E@__GDN@F[G
Icf `l dçstnl `f pcsninùf v`rtnigl, `l orgzc glzgkc y lg
d`sg rctgtcrng `f pcsninùf oghg, glnf`` lg ogrrg j`lly icf
lg e`rrgdn`ftg.
G[@FINÙF
Gs`mør`s` k` qu` lg e`rrgdn`ftg gpcy` scor` uf
t`rr`fc sùlnkc.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 51
NDQC_[GF[@Y GKR@_[@FINGY QG_G @L PYC
@YQG×CL
NDQC_[GF[@Y GKR@_[@FINGY IGO_@Y[GF[@ Q_NFINQGL
QG_G @L PYC @l igor`stgft` prnfinpgl (y, pcr icfsnmun`ft`, su igol`)
s` utnlnzg sùlc pgrg k`splgzgr `l `qunpc k` p`rbcrginùf.
QCYNINÙF K@ LG DÇWPNFG _@YQ@[C GL
IG__C K@ C_PMGY G[@FINÙF
Iuglqun`r usc knb`r`ft` k`l igor`stgft` prnfinpgl
`stç gosclutgd`ft` prcenonkc.
@f m`f`rgl, kurgft` lgs dgfncorgs k` k`splgzgdn`ftc y
trgoghc k`ftrc k` lcs lädnt`s qu` s` nfknigf `f lg s`iinùf
G k`l pr`s`ft` dgfugl, s` gicfs`hg sn`dpr` dgft`f`r G[@FINÙF
lgs ru`kgs dctrni`s k`l tr`f k` rckgh` pcr k`oghc k` lg Icdpru`o` qu` kurgft` `l usc fcrdgl pcr lc d`fcs
pgrt` trgs`rg k` lg dçqunfg, `s k`inr `f lg pcsninùf dçs tr`s igpgs k` igol` p`rdgf`zigf `frcllgkgs `f `l
gtrgsgkg r`sp`tc gl br`ft` k` trgoghc. tgdocr.
@stg pcsninùf, gk`dçs k` p`rdntnr uf icftrcl dçs
nftuntnvc k` lcs dgfkcs k` trgslgkc, r`kui` `l `sbu`rzc
k`l gicplgdn`ftc igk`fg/ru`kg k`ftgkg.
Qu`k` s`r f`i`sgrnc iclcigr lgs ru`kgs dctrni`s k`l
tr`f k` rckgh` pcr k`oghc k` lg pgrt` k`lgft`rg k` lg
dçqunfg, `s k`inr eging lg knr`iinùf k` gvgfi`, pgrg
sup`rgr p`fkn`ft`s `xi`pincfgl`s.
Q@LNM_C
@f `st` øltndc igsc, pùfmgs` `f icftgitc
gft`rncrd`ft` icf `l Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftg Ycnld`i
pgrg cot`f`r lg f`i`sgrng nfbcrdginùf.
nfbcrdginùf.
Q@LNM_C
@xnst` uf rn`smc k` vu`lic dçqunfg y k` mrgv`s
l`sncf`s p`rscfgl`s.
NDQC_[GF[@
Lcs vglcr`s s` r``r`f g cp`rgincf`s `b`itugkgs
`f uf t`rr`fc llgfc y ufnbcrd`. Qgrg icfknincf`s
k` t`rr`fc knb`r`ft`, knrähgs` gl Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftg
YCNLD@I gft`s k` prci`k`r
prci`k`r..
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 57
NDQC_[GF[@Y GKR@_[@FINGY QG_G @L PYC
@YQG×CL
IGO_@Y[GF[@ GPUNLNG_
@l igor`stgft` guxnlngr (y
(y,, pcr icfsnmun`ft`, su igol`)
eg snkc kns`÷gkc pgrg lgs snmun`ft`s bufincf`s
icdpl`d`ftgrngs gl inilc k` trgoghc k` lg dçqunfg8
- Dcftgh` y k`sdcftgh`
r`v`stndn`ftc (igsnfm).k` `l`d`ftcs k` lcs tuocs k`
- Dgfnpulginùf k` hgulgs k` grdgkurg k` gi`rc.
- Dcftgh` y k`sdcftgh` k` pgrtniulgr`s k` lg dçqunfg
(`h. inlnfkrc pull-kcwf).
G[@FINÙF
Iuglqun`r usc knb`r`ft` k`l igor`stgft` guxnlngr `stç
gosclutgd`ft` prcenonkc.
Q@LNM_C
@l usc k`l igor`stgft`
igor`stgft` `f dckc “igäkg lnor`— (sn `stç
pr`s`ft`) `stç icfs`ftnkc sùlc pgrg gplnigincf`s
`sp`iäigs icdc lgs intgkgs g icftnfuginùf8
- Psc k` uf puft`rc pgrg
pgrg lg k`dclcinùf k` `strgtcs
rcicscs kurcs
- Psc k` ufg iuiegrg k` vglvgs pgrg lg r`dcinùf k`
mrgvg c rcig dgiegigkg.
Iuglqun`r usc knb`r`ft` k`l igor`stgft` guxnlngr `f
dckc “igäkg lnor`— `stç gosclutgd`ft` prcenonkc.
G[@FINÙF
G[@FINÙF
Icdpru`o` qu` kurgft` `l usc fcrdgl pcr lc d`fcs
tr`s igpgs k` igol` p`rdgf`zigf `frcllgkgs `f `l
tgdocr.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 5?
NDQC_[GF[@Y GKR@_[@FINGY QG_G @L PYC
@YQG×CL
LNDN[@Y M@F@_GL@Y ^ DGFNCO_GY
Q_CENONKGY
@stç prcenonkc trgoghgr icf lgs crumgs `str`iegkgs
(icfmurginùf k` trgfspcrt`) y glzgr `l dçstnl iugfkc lgs
crumgs fc `stçf icdpl`tgd`ft` `fsgfiegkgs.
[rgogh` sn`dpr` scor` uf t`rr`fc llgfc y rd`.
Q@LNM_C
@l inf`dgtnsdc k` iclciginùf y lcs inlnfkrcs k`
nfilnfginùf k`l dçstnl fc k`o`f s`r utnlnzgkcs qu`
kurgft` lg bgs` k` pu`stg `f s`rvninc. Fc us` fufig
`stcs pgrtniulgr`s icdc ùrmgfcs k` bu`rzg (`h. pgrg
enfigr c r`tnrgr lcs tuocs k`l t`rr`fc, `ti..).
@l usc k` lcs knspcsntnvcs k` iclciginùf icdc
ùrmgfcs k` bu`rzg pu`k` igusgr kg÷cs y mrgv`s
l`sncf`s p`rscfgl`s.
G[@FINÙF
Gft`s k` prci`k`r icf iuglqun`r cp`rginùf c
dgfncorg, l`g icf iunkgkc tckgs lgs gkv`rt`fings k`
s`murnkgk y lgs nfbcrdgincf`s prcpcrincfgkgs `f
lg s`iinùf O k`l pr`s`ft` dgfugl y `f kciud`ftc
GKR@_[@FINGY M@F@_GL@Y QG_G @L [_GOGHC
(G[111715) qu` s` gkhuftg g `st` dgfugl y k`l iugl
bcrdg pgrt` nft`mrgft`.
@dpn`i` `l trgoghc sùlc k`spuîs k` ego`r
icdpr`fknkc su icft`fnkc.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 59
NDQC_[GF[@Y GKR@_[@FINGY QG_G @L PYC
@YQG×CL
GQG_IGDN@F[C ^ QP@Y[G BP@_G K@
Y@_RNINC
QG_GKGY O_@R@Y QG_GKGY Q_CLCFMGKGY
Gl fglnzgr igkg hcrfgkg (c turfc) k` trgoghc y kurgft` [`fn`fkc qu` gpgrigr lg dçqunfg pcr uf lgrmc p`räckc
lgs pgrgkgs fciturfgs, gpgrqu` lg dçqunfg k` dgf`rg k` nfgitnvnkgk (s`dgfgs c d`s`s), gk`dçs k`l r`sp`tc
qu` fc r`pr`s`ft` uf p`lnmrc. k` lgs fcrdgs pcr lgs pgrgkgs or`v`s, s` r`icdn`fkg lc
[cd` tckgs lgs pr`iguincf`s pgrg `vntgr rn`smcs g lgs qu` snmu`8
p`rscfgs qu` s` gi`rqu`f g lg dçqunfg iugfkc îstg fc - Gpgrqu` lg dçqunfg scor` ufg sup`rin` icdpgitg y
`stî bufincfgfkc8 s`ig (scor` uf çr`g gsbgltgkg c scor` tgolnllgs). Qgrg
- Gfil` lcs igol`s k` lcs igor`stgft`s c iclùqu`lcs ufg d`hcr icfs`rvginùf k` lg dçqunfg, pùfmglg `f
k` dgf`rg qu` fc r`pr`s`ft`f uf p`lnmrc y s`gf icfmurginùf k` trgfspcrt` `f uf lumgr iuon`rtc, sn
bçinld`ft` vnsnol`s. `s pcsnol`.
- Fc k`h` fnfmøf `l`d`ftc susp`fknkc g lcs igol`s k` - Qgrg pr`v`fnr lcs b`fùd`fcs k` p`mgkc y olcqu`c
lcs igor`stgft`s c lnor` k` csinlgr. k` lgs huftgs k` lcs ùrmgfcs enkrçulnics, c k` p`rfcs
- Gs`mør`s` qu` `l su`lc scor` `l iugl s` `fiu`ftrg y igsqunllcs, s` gicfs`hg `b`itugr pu`stgs `f
lg dçqunfg `stî icdpgitc: `f igsc icftrgrnc, dgrieg k` lg dçqunfg p`rnùknigs icf gitnvginùf k`
k`splçi`lg scor` uf t`rr`fc s`murc. tckc lcs `l`d`ftcs (inlnfkrcs, `l`d`ftcs grtniulgkcs,
- K`sgitnv` lg bufinùf k` igäkg lnor` k`l igor`stgft` r`kuitcr`s, `ti..).
guxnlngr (sn `stç gitnvgkg) mnrgfkc lg llgv` `f lg
pcsninùf CBB gft`s k` quntgrlg. G[@FINÙF
- Wunt` sn`dpr` lg llgv` k`l icfdutgkcr k` grrgfqu` _`iu`rk` qu` tgdonîf kurgft` lcs p`räckcs k`
k`l tgol`rc k` dgfkc: k`sgitnv` lcs dgfkcs y in`rr` nfgitnvnkgk prclcfmgkg `l dgft`fndn`ftc p`rnùknic
icf llgv` tckgs lgs pu`rtgs. k`o` s`r `b`itugkc r`mulgrd`ft` icf pgrtniulgr
gt`finùf g lcs läqunkcs y g tckcs lcs `l`d`ftcs
Q@LNM_C qu` pu`kgf `fv`h`i`r. @f iuglqun`r igsc, gft`s
Kurgft` lg bgs` k` gpgrigdn`ftc, fc k`h` fufig lg k` lg pu`stg `f s`rvninc k` lg dçqunfg, `b`itø`
llgv` k` grrgfqu` nftrckuinkg `f `l tgol`rc c lgs uf dgft`fndn`ftc `xtrgcrknfgrnc icf pgrtniulgr
pu`rtgs gon`rtgs. Iuglqun`rg pckräg gii`k`r g lg icftrcl k` tckgs lgs pgrt`s d`içfnigs, enkrçulnigs
igonfg k` dgfkc, pcf`r `f dgrieg `l dctcr, `b`itugr y `lîitrnigs.
dgfncorgs p`lnmrcsgs c `b`itugr k`sghust`s.
- _`iu`rk` r`sp`tgr lcs icfs`hcs k` gldgi`fgh`
- K`sicf`it` lg ogt`räg d`kngft` `l `sp`ingl sudnfnstrgkcs pcr `l icfstruitcr k`l dctcr kn`s`l `f
nft`rruptcr. `l dgfugl `sp`iäic k` usc y dgft`fndn`ftc.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 5;
NFY[_PIINCF@Y QG_G @L K@YDCF[GH@
@YQG×CL
Y@IP@FING K@ K@YDCF[GH@ K@ LG ICFBNMP_GINÙF K@ [_GOGHC G LG
QCYNINÙF K@ [_GFYQC_[@ FC_DGL (ICF J@LL^ DCF[GKC)
G[@FINÙF NDQC_[GF[@
Gft`s k` prci`k`r icf iuglqun`r cp`rginùf c Kurgft` lg bgs` k` k`si`fsc k`l dçstnl s`rç
prci`kndn`ftc k`sirntcs `f `st` igpätulc, l`g f`i`sgrnc gpr`tgr y dgft`f`r gpr`tgkcs egstg `l
iunkgkcsgd`ft` tckgs lgs gkv`rt`fings k` s`murnkgk fgl k` lg dgfncorg lcs octcf`s G-O pgrg nfenonr lg
y lgs nfbcrdgincf`s prcpcrincfgkgs `f lgs s`iincf`s nft`rv`finùf k` lcs dnircnft`rruptcr`s k` icftrcl
G-O-I k`l pr`s`ft` dgfugl. k`l lädnt` k` `frcllgkc dçxndc k` lcs igol`s y k`
k`si`fsc dçxndc k`l orgzc k`l inf`dgtnsdc.
G[@FINÙF
Lgs dgfncorgs qu` s` k`sirno`f g icftnfuginùf
k`o`f s`r `b`itugkgs øfnigd`ft` scor` uf t`rr`fc
llgfc icf igpginkgk pcrtgft` gk`iugkg.
G pgrtnr k` lg icfmurg
icfmurginùf
inùf icf dçstnl v`rtnigl
icrr`spcfkn`ft` g uf rgknc k` trgoghc fc sup`rncr G
gl dçxndc gkdntnkc k` 9,0 d, `b`itø` lgs snmun`ft`s
cp`rgincf`s8
• K@YDCF[GH@ E@__GDN@F[G O
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 50
NFY[_PIINCF@Y QG_G @L K@YDCF[GH@
@YQG×CL
GQLNIGINÙF K@ LCY KNYQCYN[NRCY K@
OLCWP@C K@ LG OG__G J@LL^
Gplnqu` lcs tgdpcf`s G pgrg olcqu`gr `l k`slnzgdn`ftc
k` lg igo`zg k` muäg j`lly.
Du`vg lg ogrrg j`lly egstg qu` lg igo`zg k` muäg s`
gpcy` scor` lcs tgdpcf`s.
O
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 52
NFY[_PIINCF@Y QG_G @L K@YDCF[GH@
@YQG×CL
IN@__@ K@L @L@D@F[C YPQ@_NC_
QL@MGOL@ K@L DÇY[NL
K`stcrfnll` lcs tcrfnllcs y lcs pgsgkcr`s O y qunt` lcs
p`rfcs G.
K`sicf`it` lgs icf`xncf`s `lîitrnigs I.
Qln`mu `l `l`d`ftc sup`rncr `f pcsninùf k` trgfspcrt`. G
G[@FINÙF O
Qgrg gligfzgr lg zcfg k` k`sdcftgh`, `l nfstglgkcr
k`o` utnlnzgr `sigl`rgs y plgtgbcrdgs gîr`gs
ecdclcmgkgs y `f ou`f `stgkc.
I
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 5=
NFY[_PIINCF@Y QG_G @L K@YDCF[GH@
@YQG×CL
DGFKC ENK_ÇPLNIC K@ IN@__@ K@L @L@D@F[C
@L@D@F[C
YPQ@_NC_ K@L DÇY[NL (CQINCFGL)
G[@FINÙF
Qgrg gligfzgr lg zcfg k` k`sdcftgh`, `l nfstglgkcr I K
k`o` utnlnzgr `sigl`rgs y plgtgbcrdgs gîr`gs
ecdclcmgkgs y `f ou`f `stgkc.
G[@FINÙF
Qgrg `b`itugr lg dgfncorg k` dgf`rg s`murg y
icrr`itg, prci`kg icf duiec iunkgkc y pnkg lg
gsnst`fing k` uf s`mufkc `figrmgkc `f `l su`lc.
B
M
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 55
NFY[_PIINCF@Y QG_G @L K@YDCF[GH@
@YQG×CL
DCF[GH@ K@ LCY KNYQCYN[NRCY K@
DCF[GH@
OLCWP@C QG_G @L [_GFYQC_[@
Gplnqu` `l `strnoc k` hginùf K y `l suh`tgkcr @ k` olcqu`c
k`l `l`d`ftc sup`rncr k`l dçstnl.
Qgrg `stg cp`rginùf, utnlni` colnmgtcrngd`ft` ufg
`sigl`rg c ufg plgtgbcrdg k` s`rvninc.
@
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG 5>
NFY[_PIINCF@Y QG_G @L K@YDCF[GH@
@YQG×CL
IN@__@ K@ LG QCL@G K@ _@@FRÄC K@L
IGOL@ Q_NFINQGL
K`s`fmgfie` lg igk`fg k`l dçstnl, kcol` lg pcl`g k`
r``fväc G k`l igol` prnfinpgl y olcquî`lg `f pcsninùf.
Icdpru`o` lg pcsninùf icrr`itg k` lcs igol`s.
@Y[_@IEGDN@F[C
@Y[_@IEGDN@F[C K@ LGY C_PMGY K@L
IG__C
Lg icfmurginùf icf gfiec k` väg däfndc s` utnlnzg
øfnigd`ft` kurgft` lgs bgs`s k` trgfspcrt` pgrg r`kuinr
`l gfiec k`l igrrc.
Qgrg `str`iegr lgs crumgs, k`splgi` lg pglgfig O.
G[@FINÙF
Y` gicfs`hg `str`iegr lgs crumgs `f dckc icftnfuc
O
y snf nft`rrupincf`s egstg gligfzgr lg pcsninùf k`
trgfspcrt`.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG >1
NFY[_PIINCF@Y QG_G @L K@YDCF[GH@
@YQG×CL
Y@IP@FING K@ K@YDCF[GH@ K@ LG ICFBNMP_GINÙF K@ [_GOGHC G LG
QCYNINÙF K@ [_GFYQC_[@ GLNM@_GKG (YNF J@LL^)
G[@FINÙF NDQC_[GF[@
Gft`s k` prci`k`r icf iuglqun`r cp`rginùf c Kurgft` lg bgs` k` k`si`fsc k`l dçstnl s`rç
prci`kndn`ftc k`sirntcs `f `st` igpätulc, l`g f`i`sgrnc gpr`tgr y dgft`f`r gpr`tgkcs egstg `l
iunkgkcsgd`ft` tckgs lgs gkv`rt`fings k` s`murnkgk fgl k` lg dgfncorg lcs octcf`s G-O pgrg nfenonr lg
y lgs nfbcrdgincf`s prcpcrincfgkgs `f lgs s`iincf`s nft`rv`finùf k` lcs dnircnft`rruptcr`s k` icftrcl
G-O-I k`l pr`s`ft` dgfugl. k`l lädnt` k` `frcllgkc dçxndc k` lcs igol`s y k`
k`si`fsc dçxndc k`l orgzc k`l inf`dgtnsdc.
G[@FINÙF
Lgs dgfncorgs qu` s` k`sirno`f g icftnfuginùf
k`o`f s`r `b`itugkgs øfnigd`ft` scor` uf t`rr`fc
llgfc icf igpginkgk pcrtgft` gk`iugkg.
G pgrtnr k` lg icfmurg
icfmurginùf
inùf icf dçstnl v`rtnigl
icrr`spcfkn`ft` g uf rgknc k` trgoghc fc sup`rncr G
gl dçxndc gkdntnkc k` 9,0 d, `b`itø` lgs snmun`ft`s
cp`rgincf`s8
• K@YDCF[GH@ E@__GDN@F[G O
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG >7
NFY[_PIINCF@Y QG_G @L K@YDCF[GH@
@YQG×CL
K@YDCF[GH@ K@ LG OG__G J@LL^
• Gorg lcs `strnocs k` lg igo`zg k` muäg quntgfkc lcs
p`rfcs qu` lcs hgf `f pcsninùf i`rrgkg, mnr` lcs
`strnocs pgrg pck`rlcs k`sdcftgr y k`spuîs vu`lvg
g iclcigr lcs p`rfcs.
QgrgNDQC_[GF[@
glzgr `l dçstnl, gprn`t` y dgft`fmg gpr`tgkc
egstg `l fgl k` lg dgfncorg `l octùf G pgrg nfenonr
lg nft`rv`finùf k`l dnircnft`rruptcr k` icftrcl k`l G
lädnt` k` `frcllgkc dçxndc k` lcs igol`s.
G[@FINÙF
Kurgft` lg dgfncorg k` l`vgftgdn`ftc k`l dçstnl,
gch` lcs igol`s k` lcs igor`stgft` mrgkugld`ft`.
G[@FINÙF
Icf `l dçstnl `f pcsninùf v`rtnigl, kcs `figrmgkcs
`f `l su`lc k`o`f icftrcl d`kngft` iu`rkgs gtgkgs
g lg `xtr`dnkgk k` lg ogrrg `v`ftugl`s csinlgincf`s
p`lnmrcsgs k` lg dnsdg.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG >?
NFY[_PIINCF@Y QG_G @L K@YDCF[GH@
@YQG×CL
• Wunt` `l p`rfc k` hginùf G, k`s`frcll` `l igol` k`l
igor`stgft` prnfinpgl k`l `l`d`ftc k` rctginùf y
vu`lvg g iclcigr `l p`rfc.
• gRu`lvg g `frcllgr
iclcigr `l dçstnl`l`f
igol` k`l igor`stgft`
pcsninùf ecrnzcftgl. prnfinpgl y
I
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG >9
NFY[_PIINCF@Y QG_G @L K@YDCF[GH@
@YQG×CL
DGFKC ENK_ÇPLNIC K@ IN@__@ K@L @L@D@F[C
@L@D@F[C
YPQ@_NC_ K@L DÇY[NL (CQINCFGL)
G[@FINÙF
Qgrg gligfzgr lg zcfg k` k`sdcftgh`, `l nfstglgkcr I K
k`o` utnlnzgr `sigl`rgs y plgtgbcrdgs gîr`gs
ecdclcmgkgs y `f ou`f `stgkc.
G[@FINÙF
Qgrg `b`itugr lg dgfncorg k` dgf`rg s`murg y
icrr`itg, prci`kg icf duiec iunkgkc y pnkg lg
gsnst`fing k` uf s`mufkc `figrmgkc `f `l su`lc.
B
M
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG >;
NFY[_PIINCF@Y QG_G @L K@YDCF[GH@
@YQG×CL
DCF[GH@ K@ LCY KNYQCYN[NRCY K@
DCF[GH@
OLCWP@C QG_G @L [_GFYQC_[@
Gplnqu` `l `strnoc k` hginùf K y `l suh`tgkcr @ k` olcqu`c
k`l `l`d`ftc sup`rncr k`l dçstnl.
Qgrg `stg cp`rginùf, utnlni` colnmgtcrngd`ft` ufg
`sigl`rg c ufg plgtgbcrdg k` s`rvninc.
G
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG >0
NFY[_PIINCF@Y QG_G @L K@YDCF[GH@
@YQG×CL
@Y[_@IEGDN@F[C K@ LGY C_PMGY K@L
@Y[_@IEGDN@F[C
IG__C
Lg icfmurginùf icf gfiec k` väg däfndc s` utnlnzg
øfnigd`ft` kurgft` lgs bgs`s k` trgfspcrt` pgrg r`kuinr
`l gfiec k`l igrrc.
Qgrg `str`iegr lgs crumgs, k`splgi` lg pglgfig O.
G[@FINÙF
Y` gicfs`hg `str`iegr lgs crumgs `f dckc icftnfuc
y snf nft`rrupincf`s egstg gligfzgr lg pcsninùf k` G
trgfspcrt`.
B PFINCFGDN@F[C
PFINCFGDN@F[C ^ P
P YC
YC - Q
ÇMNFG >2
NFY[_PIINCF@Y QG_G @L [_GFYQC_[@
@YQG×CL
NFY[_PIINCF@Y QG_G @L
[_GFYQC_[@
Qgrg lg icfmurginùf k` trgfspcrt`, iclcqu` lg dçqunfg
icdc s` nfknig `f lg s`iinùf G “NFBC_DGINCF@Y
M@F@_GL@Y— k`l pr`s`ft` dgfugl.
@f igsc k` trgfspcrt` k` lg dçqunfg scor` uf r`dclqu`,
r`sp`t` lg pcsninùf k` trgfspcrt` gicfs`hgkg y lg
v`lcinkgk p`rdntnkg pcr `l iùknmc k` inriulginùf k`l pgäs
kcfk` s` inriulg.
Ptnlni` øfnigd`ft` d`kncs k` trgfspcrt` y l`vgftgdn`ftc
icf gk`iugkg igpginkgk.
Q@LNM_C
@stç prcenonkc mnrgr lg tcrr`tg iugfkc lg dçqunfg s`
`fiu`ftrg scor` `l d`knc k` trgfspcrt`.
Q`lnmrc k` vu`lic y rn`smc k` mrgv`s l`sncf`s
p`rscfgl`s.
Q@LNM_C
Fcrdgld`ft` `stç prcenonkc l`vgftgr lg dçqunfg.
@f `l igsc `f qu` `stg cp`rginùf s`g f`i`sgrng,
pùfmgs` `f icftgitc icf `l Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftg
YCNLD@I pgrg cot`f`r lgs f`i`sgrngs
nfbcrdgincf`s.
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 7>=/902
@YQG×CL
Y`iinùf K
DGF[@FNDN@F[C
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG ?
ÄFKNI@ K@ Y@IINÙF
@YQG×CL
Äfkni` k` Y`iinùf
FC_DGY K@ ICFYPL[GINÙF K@ LG Y@IINÙF ................................................=
NF[_CKPIINÙF ...........................................................................................................................=
C_MGFNXGINÙF ^ @Y[_PI[P_G .............................................................................................5
[GOLGY K@ _@YPD@F K@ NF[@_R@FINÙF ................... .........................................
............................................
..................................71
............71
QLGIGY @UQLNIG[NRGY
@UQLNIG[NRGY K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C..................... ...........................................
............................................
...........................
.....777
GKR@_[@FINGY M@F@_GL@Y...........
......................
.......................
........................
.......................
.......................
..................75
......75
LNDQN@XG K@ LG DÇWPNFG ......................................................................................................7>
NFY[GLGINÙF
NFY[GLGINÙF ENK_GPLNIG ......................
...........................................
...........................................
............................................
....................................7>
..............7>
DC[C_ KN@Y@L .........................................................................................................................?1
NFY[GLGINÙF
NFY[GLGINÙF @LÎI[_NIG....................
..........................................
...........................................
...........................................
........................................?7
..................?7
@FM_GY@ ^ LPO_NIGINÙF .....................................................................................................??
ICF[_CL GQ_N@[@ [C_FNLL@_ÄG .........................................................................................??
_@YPD@F K@ LGY NF[@_R@FINCF@Y KP_GF[@ @L _CKGH@ .....................?9
.....................?9
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 9
ÄFKNI@ K@ Y@IINÙF
@YQG×CL
Q_CKPI[CY K@ ICFYPDC ...................
...............................
........................
.......................
.......................
........................;5
............;5
M_GYG LPO_NIGF[@ ...............................................................................................................;5
GF[NCUNKGF[@Y .......................................................................................................................;5
KNYCLR@F[@Y C KNLP@F[@Y
GI@N[@Y LPO_NIGF[@Y ..................................................................................................;5
..........................................................................................................;5
GI@N[@ ENK_ÇPLNIC ................................................................................................................;>
[GOLG K@ LCY GI@N[@Y @F _@LGINÙF G LG [@DQ@_G[P_G
[@DQ@_G[P_G GDON@F[@
GDON@F[@ ..................................................... ;>
IG_OP_GF[@ ...........................................................................................................................01
LÄWPNKC GF[NEN@LC .................................................................................................................01
D@XILG K@ @FB_NGDN@F[C ...................................................................................................01
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[
DGF[@FNDN@F[C
C ...........
.......................
........................
.......................
......................22
...........22
IG__C K@ C_PMGY.................................................................................................................22
C_PMGY.................................................................................................................22
DC[C__@KPI[C_ K@ [_GYLGINÙF
DC[C__@KPI[C_ [_GYLGINÙF ....................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
.............................. 22
ICF[_CL ^ _@Y[GOL@INDN@F[C
_@Y[GOL@INDN@F[C FNR@L K@ GI@N[@.......................................................................................... 22
YPY[N[PINÙF GI@N[@ .........................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
................................................... 22
ICF[_CL ^ GHPY[@ [@FYNÙF C_PMGY.................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
............ 2=
ICF[_CL @Y[GFWP@NKGK
@Y[GFWP@NKGK HPF[G HPF[G ENK_ÇPLNIG ............................................................................................... 25
ICF[_CL @Y[GFWP@NKGK
@Y[GFWP@NKGK _CKNLLCY ^ _P@KGY K@ [@FYNÙF C_PMGY .................................................... 25
LNDQN@XG ^ @FM_GY@ [_GRN@YGY
[_GRN@YGY [@L@YIÙQNIGY ......................................................................................... 2>
ICF[_CL ^ GHPY[@ HP@MC [_GRN@YGY [@L@YIÙQNIGY...............................................................................
[@L@YIÙQNIGY ............................................................................... 2>
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG ;
ÄFKNI@ K@ Y@IINÙF
@YQG×CL
YPY[N[PINÙF QG_[@Y
QG_[@Y K@[@_NC_GKGY .............................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
................ =1
ICF[_CL GQ_N@[@ [C_FNLL@_ÄG QG
QG[NF@Y ....................................................................................................... =7
[C__@[G
[C__@[G.....................
...........................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
.......................=?
.=?
DC[C__@KPI[C_@Y
DC[C__@KPI[C_@Y K@ _C[GINÙF .................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
................................. =?
ICF[_CL ^ _@Y[GOL@INDN@F[C
_@Y[GOL@INDN@F[C FNR@L K@ GI@N[@.......................................................................................... =?
@FM_GY@ IC_CFG K@ MN_C
MN_C ................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................ .................................... =9
@FM_GY@ ONYGM_GY IGQÙY K@ NFYQ@IINÙF
NFYQ@IINÙF ..................................................................................................
.................................................................................... .............. =9
ICF[_CL K@YMGY[@ [GDQCF@Y K@ GQC^C DÇY[NL ..................................................................................... =;
QP@Y[C K@ ICFKPIINÙF ......................................................................................................=0
ICF[_CL ^ _@Y[GOL@INDN@F[C
_@Y[GOL@INDN@F[C FNR@L LÄWPNKC K@[@_M@F[@ LNDQNGQG_GO_NYGY LNDQNGQG_GO_NYGY .............................. =0
ICF[_CL ^ YPY[N[PINÙF @YICONLLGY LNDQNGQG_GO_NYGY
LNDQNGQG_GO_NYGY ....................................................................... =0
@FM_GY@ ONYGM_GY QP@_[G
QP@_[G IGONFG .............................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
................. =2
NFY[GLGINÙF
NFY[GLGINÙF K@ GN_@GINÙF ^ IGL@B
IGL@BGIINÙF
GIINÙF ...................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.............. =2
ICF[_CL ^ LNDQN@XG @L@D@F[C BNL[_GF[@
BNL[_GF[@ BNL[_C K@ GN_@ @U[@_NC_ ................................................... =2
YPY[N[PINÙF @L@D@F[C BNL[_GF[@
BNL[_GF[@ ................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
................. =2
NFY[GLGINÙF
NFY[GLGINÙF GN_@ GICFKNINCFGKC ................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
................. ==
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 0
ÄFKNI@ K@ Y@IINÙF
@YQG×CL
_@Y[GOL@INDN@F[C FNR@L D@XILG K@ @FB_NGDN@F[C.................................................................................. >>
_@Y[GOL@INDN@F[C
K@YIG_MG D@XILG K@ @FB_NGDN@F[C ................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
........... 711
LGR
LGRGKC NFY[GLGINÙF K@ @FB_NGDN@F[C..............................................................................................
........................................................................................................
.......... 717
_@LL@FC NFY[GLGINÙF
NFY[GLGINÙF K@ @FB_NGDN@F[C ...........................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
.......... 71?
ICF[_CL ^ LNDQN@XG _GKNGKC_..........................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
............................. 719
NFY[GLGINÙF
NFY[GLGINÙF @LÎI[_NIG DC[C_ .................................................................................................................... 71;
ICF[_CL ^ _@MPLGINÙF [@FYNÙF
[ @FYNÙF IC__@G GL[@_FGKC_ GL[@_FGKC_......................................................................... 71;
YPY[N[PINÙF IC__@G GL[@_FGKC_
GL[@_FGKC_ ....................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
........................... 71;
NFY[GLGINÙF
NFY[GLGINÙF @LÎI[_NIG....................
..........................................
............................................
............................................
.....................................710
...............710
OG[@_ÄGY ........................................................................................
OG[@_ÄGY ..............................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................... 710
ICF[_CL IN_IPN[C K@ _@IG_MG .......................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
............................. 710
GQ_@[GDN@F[C
GQ_@[GDN@F[C ^ LNDQN@XGLNDQN@XG OC_F@Y OC_F@Y ....................................................................................
................................................................................................................
............................ 712
ICF[_CL ^ _@Y[GO
_@Y[GOL@INDN@F[C
L@INDN@F[C FNR@L @L@I[_CLN[C @L@I[_CLN[C .................................................................................
............................................................................ ..... 71=
ICF[_CL K@FYNKGK @L@I[_CLN[C (ICFKNINÙF K@ IG_MG) ...................................................................... 71=
YPY[N[PINÙF OG[@_ÄGY.....................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
................................................. 715
NFY[GLGINÙF
NFY[GLGINÙF ENK_ÇPLNIG ......................
............................................
............................................
............................................
.................................71>
...........71>
K@QÙYN[C GI@N[@
ICF[_CL FNR@L K@ENK_ÇPLNIC ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................
GI@N[@ ENK_ÇPLNIC .............................
.......... 71>
.........................................................................................................
............................................................................................... 71>
_@Y[GOL@INDN@F[C
_@Y[ GOL@INDN@F[C FNR@L K@ GI@N[@ QC_ @L@I[_COCDOG ...................................................................... 771
LNDQN@XG BNL[_C [POC @L@I[_COCDOG ...............................................................................................
..........................................................................................................77
...........777
7
_@Y[GOL@INDN@F[C
_@Y[ GOL@INDN@F[C FNR@L K@ GI@N[@ QC_ @L BNL[_C.................................................................................. 77?
YPY[N[PINÙF GI@N[@ ENK_ÇPLNIC .......................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
............................ 779
K@YIG_MG Y@KND@F[CY K@ ICFK@FYGINÙF
ICFK@FYGINÙF ............................................................................................... 779
YPY[N[PINÙF @L@D@F[C BNL[_GF[@
BNL[_GF[@ BNL[_CBNL[_C K@ GI@N[@ GI@N[@ .............................................................................
........................ ..................................................... 77;
YPY[N[PINÙF IG_[PIEC
IG_[PIEC K@ QP_MG
QP_MG GN_@ ...........................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
.......... 770
ICF[_CL @Y[GFWP@NKGK
@Y[GFWP@NKGK _GIC_@Y ^ [POCY [POCY ............................................................................................. 772
ICF[_CL ^ _@MPLGINÙF Q_@YNCF@Y ENK_ÇPLNIGY K@ [_GOGHC [_GOGHC .......................................................... 77=
ICF[_CL ^ LNDQN@XG
LNDQN@XG _GKNGKC_
_GKNGKC_ GI@N[@ ....................................................................................................... 775
IGO_@Y[GF[@Y .....................................................................................................................77>
IGO_@Y[GF[@ Q_NFINQGL..................................................................................
Q_NFINQGL..................................................................................................................................
................................................ 7?1
ICF[_CL ^ _@Y[GOL@INDN@F[C
_@Y[GOL@INDN@F[C FNR@L K@ GI@N[@........................................................................................ 7?1
YPY[N[PINÙF GI@N[@ .........................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
................................................. 7?1
@FM_GY@ ICHNF@[@ YCQC_[@ [GDOC_................................................................................................
[GDOC_.................................................................................................................... 7?7
ICF[_CL ^ _@MPLGINÙF Q_@YNÙF _CKNLLC Q_@FYGIGOL@ Q_@FYGIGOL@ ..................................................................... 7??
IGO_@Y[GF[@
IGO_@Y[ GF[@ GPUNLNG_ ....................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
................................................ 7?9
ICF[_CL ^ _@Y[GOL@INDN@F[C
_@Y[GOL@INDN@F[C FNR@L K@ GI@N[@........................................................................................ 7?9
YPY[N[PINÙF GI@N[@ .........................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
................................................. 7?9
DÇY[NL .....................................................................................................................................7?;
@FM_GY@ IGYWPNLLCY Q@_FCY
Q@_FCY .........................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
............................. 7?;
@FM_GY@ IGYWPNLLCY
IGYWPNLLCY INLNFK_CY .....................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
............................ 7?0
LNDQN@XG ^ @FM_GY@
@FM_GY@ MPÄGY K@ K@YLNXGDN@F[C ..................................................................................
.........................................................................................
....... 7?0
QCL@GY...........................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................... 7?2
ICF[_CL K@YMGY[@ .........................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
................................................. 7?2
LPO_NIGINÙF ...................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................... 7?2
YPY[N[PINÙF ....................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................... 7?=
ICF[_CL ^ GHPY[@ HP@MC G_[NIPLGINÙF DÇY[NL .................................................................................... 7?5
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 2
ÄFKNI@ K@ Y@IINÙF
@YQG×CL
IGOL@Y ....................................................................................................................................7?>
ICF[_CL K@YMGY[@
K@YMGY[@ ......................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................... 7?>
LNDQN@XG ^ LPO_NIGINÙF
LPO_NIGINÙF .................................................................................................................................. 7?>
YPY[N[PINÙF .................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
....................................................... 791
IGOL@ IGO_@Y[GF[@ Q_NFINQGL
Q_NFINQGL ......................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
................................ 791
IGOL@ IGO_@Y[GF[@
IGO_@Y[GF[@ GPUNLNG_
GPUNLNG_ .......................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
................................. 79?
ICF[_CL YPH@INÙF @U[_@DCY IGOL@Y YCO_@ LCY IGO_@Y[GF[@Y IGO_@Y[GF[@Y .................................................. 79;
D@YG _C[
_C[G
G[C_NG......................
............................................
............................................
............................................
...........................................
...........................790
......790
_@KPI[C_ K@ OGY@ .......................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.................................................... 790
ICF[_CL ^ _@Y[GOL@INDN@F[C
_@Y[GOL@INDN@F[C FNR@L K@ GI@N[@........................................................................................ 790
YPY[N[PINÙF GI@N[@ ......................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................... 790
DC[C__@KPI[C_
DC[C__@KPI[ C_ NFB@_NC_ ...........................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.................................. 792
ICF[_CL ^ _@Y[GOL@INDN@F[C
_@Y[GOL@INDN@F[C FNR@L K@ GI@N[@........................................................................................ 792
YPY[N[PINÙF GI@N[@ ......................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................... 792
YPY[N[PINÙF BNL[_C
BNL[_C K@ GI@N[@ YNY[@DG K@ LPO_NIGINÙF D@YG _C[G[C_NG _C[G[C_NG .................................... 79=
GHPY[@ NF[@__PQ[C_@Y K@ BLPHC YNY[@DG K@ LPO_NIGINÙF D@YG _C[G[C_NG _C[G[C_NG.............................. 79=
QG[NF@Y K@ K@YLNXGDN@F[C ............................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
................................. 795
ICF[_CL K@YMGY[@ ......................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................... 795
YPY[N[PINÙF .................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
....................................................... 79>
@FM_GY@ K@L DGFMPN[C NF[@_FC..................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
............................... 7;1
OG__G [@L@YIÙQNIG J@LL^ ..............................................................................................7;7
LPO_NIGINÙF @L@D@F[
@L@D@F[C C K@ _C[
_C[GINÙF
GINÙF ..........................................................................................
.......................................................................................................
............. 7;7
LPO_NIGINÙF IGO@XG K@ MPÄG J@LL^
J@LL^ .............................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
.............. 7;?
ICF[_CL K@YMGY[@ QGQG[NF@Y K@ MPÄG .............................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
............. 7;?
YPY[N[PINÙF QG
QG[NF@Y K@ MPÄG ........................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
................................ 7;9
ICF[_CL ^ LGRGKC
LGRGKC @L@D@F[CY [@L@YIÙQNICY OG__G J@LL^ J@LL^ ............................................................. 7;;
E@__GDN@F[GY ......................................................................................................................7;0
ICF[_CL K@YMGY[@
K@YMGY[@ ......................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................... 7;0
LNDQN@XG ^ LGR
LGRGKC
GKC .............................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................... .................................................... 7;2
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG =
FC_DGY K@ ICFYPL[GINÙF
@YQG×CL
FC_DGY K@ ICFYPL[GINÙF K@ LG
Y@IINÙF
NF[_CKPIINÙF
Q@LNM_C Q@LNM_C
Gft`s k` `dp`zgr lgs cp`rgincf`s
cp`rgincf`s k` dgft`fndn`ftc Iugfkc s` `b`itøgf nft`rv`fincf`s k` dgft`fndn`ftc
y/c r`pgrginùf icfsult` gt`ftgd`ft` lg Y`iinùf O g ocrkc k` lg dçqunfg c `f iuglqun`r igsc `f
r`lgtnvg g lg Y@MP_NKGK.
Y@MP_NKGK. Qr`st` lg dçxndg
dçxndg gt`finùf gus`fing k`l cp`rgkcr `f lg igonfg, `s colnmgtcrnc
g tckgs lgs GKR@_[@FINGY K@ Y@MP_NKGK intgkgs iclcigr uf igrt`l k` DÇWPNFG BP@_G K@ Y@_RNINC
`f igkg igpätulc. `f `l nft`rncr k`l pu`stc k` dgfkc, pr`b`rnol`d`ft`
iclcigkc `f `l icfdutgkcr k` pu`stg `f dgrieg
Lg icdpl`hnkgk k` lg dçqunfg g lg iugl s` r``r` scor` `l tgol`rc k` dgfkcs. Lg pr`s`fing k`l igrt`l
`l pr`s`ft` dgfugl egi` f`i`sgrng ufg suoknvnsnùf egrç qu` s`g `vnk`ft` lg ndpcsnonlnkgk k` pcf`r `f
snst`dçtnig k` lg dçqunfg `f M_PQCY BPFINCFGL@Y dgrieg `l dctcr `f `s` dcd`ftc.
k` nfd`kngtg nk`ftniginùf.
@stg k`sicdpcsninùf, crmgfnzgkg y `struiturgkg Q@LNM_C
`f bufinùf k` lg nft`rv`finùf qu` s` k`o` `b`itugr, Yn `f pgrtniulgr`s nft`rv`fincf`s k` dgft`fndn`ftc
s`rvnrç gl `figrmgkc k`l dgft`fndn`ftc pgrg crn`ftgrs` bu`rg f`i`sgrnc pcf`r `f dgrieg `l dctcr tîrdnic,
`sp`iäigd`ft`
dgfnpulgkc. scor` `l icdpcf`ft` qu` k`o` s`r `stc s`rç nfknigkc `f`l`l nft`rncr k`lK`hgfkc
r`lgtnvcilgrc
igpätulc
kcfk` s` prcbufknzg grmud`ftc. qu`
Lgs tgolgs k` r`sud`f s`rçf utnlnzgkgs icdc MPÄGY kcfk` fc s` `sp`inig, `l dctcr k`o` p`rdgf`i`r
K@ Q_CM_GDG pgrg lgs prnd`rgs y sui`snvgs colnmgtcrngd`ft` gpgmgkc.
nft`rv`fincf`s icf `l f k` `vntgr qu` fnfmufg s`g
clvnkgkg.
NDQC_[GF[@
Qgrg dçqunfgs p`rbcrgkcrgs `l dgft`fndn`ftc
Qgrg tckgs lgs cp`rgincf`s k` dgft`fndn`ftc
r`pr`s`ftg uf gsp`itc bufkgd`ftgl k`onkc scor` tckc
r`lgtnvgs gl dctcr y g su nfstglginùf, egmg r`b`r`fing
g lgs icfknincf`s gdon`ftgl`s k` trgoghc y g lgs bu`rt`s
gl r`lgtnvc dgfugl qu` s` gkhuftg g lg pr`s`ft`
sclnintgincf`s d`içfnigs.
kciud`ftginùf tîifnig.
Pf dgft`fndn`ftc r`mulgr k` lg dçqunfg `f icfbcrdnkgk
icfbc rdnkgk
icf lgs nfknigincf`s icft`fnkgs `f `stg s`iinùf `vntgrç
uf k`smgst` pr`icz y icftrnounrç g dgft`f`r nfglt`rgkgs
`f `l tn`dpc lgs igrgit`rästnigs k` bufincfglnkgk y k`
s`murnkgk.
@l r`sp`itc nfknsp`fsgol` k` lcs nft`rvglcs k`
nft`rv`finùf y su prcmrgdginùf p`rdntnrçf gk`dçs
`ficftrgr nfd`kngtgd`ft` `v`ftugl`s gfcdglägs y
`vntgr pgrgkgs k`sgmrgkgol`s y knsp`fkncsgs kurgft` lg
utnlnzginùf k` lg dçqunfg.
G[@FINÙF
Ynmg `sirupulcsgd`ft` lcs Q_CM_GDGY K@
DGF[@FNDN@F[C intgkcs `f `l pr`s`ft` dgfugl
yg s`g `f `l p`rnckc k` mgrgftäg gsä icdc `f `l
p`rnckc k` pcst-mgrgftäg. YCNLD@I Ypg s` r`s`rvg
k` r`iegzgr pcsnol`s r`ilgdgincf`s `f `l igsc `f
qu` s` icdpru`o` `l nfiudplndn`ftc k` uf fcrdgl
k`sgrrcllc k`l dgft`fndn`ftc.
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 5
FC_DGY K@ ICFYPL[GINÙF
@YQG×CL
C_MGFNXGINÙF ^ @Y[_PI[P_G
Lg crmgfnzginùf k` lgs nft`rv`fincf`s k` dgft`fndn`ftc
pgrg `stg `sp`iäig tnpclcmäg k` dçqunfgs k` corg,
`f icfbcrdnkgk icf lgs fcrdgs NYC vnm`ft`s, eg snkc
`struiturgkg k` dgf`rg qu` lg dçqunfg s`g knvnknkg
gft`s `f M_PQCY BPFINCFGL@Y (7± y ?± fnv`l).
@f igkg mrupc bufincfgl s`rçf trgtgkgs `f sui`snùf tckgs
lgs nft`rv`fincf`s (9± fnv`l) r`lgtnvgs g lcs icdpcf`ft`s
`sp`iäics. Yn `f `l nft`rncr k` uf mrupc bufincfgl (7± y
?± fnv`l) `stç pr`s`ft` uf icdpcf`ft` qu` f`i`sntg kcs
c dçs nft`rv`fincf`s, s`rç nftrckuinkc uf ult`rncr fnv`l
(;± fnv`l) icdc s` nfknig `f `l `h`dplc g icftnfuginùf.
7±FNR@L NF[@_R@FIN
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y
CF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[
DGF[@FNDN@F[C
C
?± Fnv`l IG__C K@ C_PMGY
9± Fnv`l ICF[_CL ^ _@MPLGINÙF [@FYNÙF C_PMGY
9± Fnv`l LNDQN@XG ^ LPO_NIGINÙF [_G
[_GRN@YGY
RN@YGY C_PMGY
9± Fnv`l ICF[_CL GQ_N@[@ [C_FNLL@_NG
c
9± Fnv`l DC[C__@KPI[C_ K@ [_GYLGINÙF
DC[C__@KPI[C_
;± Fnv`l Icftrcl y r`stgol`indn`ftc fnv`l k` gi`nt`
;± Fnv`l Yustntuinùf gi`nt`
K@F[_C K@ LGY
Q_ND@_GY UUU EC_GY
G
IGKG UUU EC_GY O
IGKG UUU EC_GY
GL NFNINC K@L [_GOGHC
I
IGKG UUU EC_GY
GL BNFGL K@L [_GOGHC I
@FI@FKNKC
LPX K@ GRNYC
K
IPGFKC @Y
F@I@YG_NC @
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG >
FC_DGY K@ ICFYPL[GINÙF
@YQG×CL
Qcs.
Qcs. [np
npc
c k` nf
nft`
t`rv
rv`f
`fin
inùf
ùf Qlgz
Qlgzc
c k` `h
`h`i
`iui
uinù
nùf
f
G `b`itugr K@F[_C K@ LGY Q_ND@_GY 01-711-?01-011 EC_GY sclc y
G @f rckgh` `xilusnvgd`ft` kurgft` `l p`rnckc k` rckgh` k` lg dçqunfg, qu`kgfkc rd` lg
`h`iuinùf k` lgs nft`rv`fincf`s crknfgrngs igkg 71-01-711-?01-011 ecrgs.
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 71
FC_DGY K@ ICFYPL[GINÙF
@YQG×CL
[GOLGY K@ _@YPD@F K@ NF[@_R@FINÙF
G O
D - Q
GNF[@FGFI@ GM@ ?1
?1 D
GNF[@FGFI@ - Q 7;
GM@
@FMLNYE @FMLNYE
Y`rvni` nft`rvgl8 `v`ry 71 01 711 ?01 011 7111 ?111 DGNF[@FGFI@ YPDDG_^
ecurs ecurs ecurs ecurs ecurs ecurs ecurs
O`lcw ycu„ll fk te` `xplnigtncf cb te` sydocls us`k nf
M`f`rgl nfsp`itncf te` “dgnft`fgfi` suddgry tgol`—.
Luornigt` ◃ ◃
Colnmgtncf cb icfsultnfm te` us` gfk dgnft`fgfi`
D`iegfnigl nft`rbgi` gfk jnf`dgtni ufnt dgfugl
Luornigt` ◃
]G_FNFM
_cp`s [ens plgt` nfknigt`s tegt nt ns colnmgtcry tc icfsult
te` Ps` gfk Dgnft`fgfi` dgfugl cb te` dgienf`,
Ie`ij bcr w`gr ◃
bcr k`tgnls cf te` vgrncus cp`rgtncfs cb dgnft`fgfi`
gfk te` r`l`vgft prckuits cb icfsudptncf.
J`lly swnv`l [ens ns o`igus` nt ns f`i`ssgry tc bcllcw sp`ini
Luornigt` ◃ prci`kur`s tegt igffct o` k`sirno`k cf te` plgt`.
Ie`ij rctgtncf ◃
Ie`ijnfm gfk tnmet`fnfm oclts
_ctgry ufnt Ie`ij gfk tnmet`f te` oclts cb gll pgrts (`v`f nb fct
Ie`ij te` cnl l`v`l cb te` ogs` r`kuitncf m``gr ◃ r`pr`s`ft`k nf te` pnitur`).
Iegfm` te` cnl nf te` ogs` r`kuitncf m`gr □ ◃
Mr`gs` te` ogs` r`kuitncf m`gr ◃
Ie`ij te` cnl l`v`l cb te` icff`itcr ecusnfm ◃
Iegfm` te` cnl nf te` icff`itcr ecusnfm □ ◃
Ie`ij te` cnl l`v`l cb te` upp`r m`grdctcr ◃
Iegfm` te` cnl nf te` upp`r m`grdctcr □ ◃
Ie`ij te` cnl l`v`l cb te` lcw`r m`grdctcr ◃
Mr`gsnfm
Iegfm` te` cnl nf te` lcw`r m`grdctcr □ ◃
Ie`ij te` slnknfm olcijs bcr w`gr ◃ Mr`gs` gll te` pgrts r`qunrnfm luornigtncf (`v`f nb fct
Ie`ij te` plgy ◃ r`pr`s`ft`k nf te` pnitur`).
Iegfm` te` slnknfm olcijs ◃
Mr`gs` te` pnstcf ousenfm cb te` pull-kcwf iylnfk`r ◃
Ie`ij te` tnmet`fnfm cb oclts gfk futs ◃
Rnsugl nfsp`itncf ◃
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7
77
7
FC_DGY K@ ICFYPL[GINÙF
@YQG×CL
QLGIGY @UQLNIG[NRGY K@
DGF[@FNDN@F[C
Lgs plgigs nlustrgkgs `f `st` igpätulc `stçf gplnigkgs g Lg tgolg snmun`ft` icftn`f` uf äfkni` k` lgs plgigs y lgs
ocrkc k` lg dçqunfg y/c `f `l nft`rncr k` lg igpctg icf `l r`lgincfg gl M_PQC BPFINCFGL k` p`rt`f`fing.
f k` nfknigr nfd`kngtgd`ft` lg zcfg k` iclciginùf k` uf
`l`d`ftc `sp`iäic scor` `l iugl s` k`o`rç nft`rv`fnr.
K` lg nfkniginùf k`l `l`d`ftc s` r`dcftgrç pcr
icfsnmun`ft` g lg tnpclcmäg k` nft`rv`finùf qu` s` k`o`
`b`itugr.
DC[C_ KN@Y@L
7 = DC[C_ KN@Y@L
Rçlvulg k` k`sigrmg k`pùsntc
Bnltrc/s gi`nt` luornigft`
igrourgft`
1>09 011? 1>09 017?
DC[C_ KN@Y@L
[gpùf k` r`ll`fc k`pùsntc
igrourgft` DC[C_ KN@Y@L
? 5 Rgrnllg k` fnv`l gi`nt` luornigft`
[uo`räg ocdog k`
gogst`indn`ftc igrourgft` (sn
1>09 011=
nfstglgkg c `f kctginùf) 1>09 0175
DC[C_ KN@Y@L
9 DC[C_ KN@Y@L > Rçlvulg/s k` k`sigrmg d`zilg
Bnltrc/s igrourgft` r`brnm`rgft`
DC[C_
[gpùf k`KN@Y@L
pr`snùf pgrg
; DC[C_ KN@Y@L 71 nftrckuiinùf d`zilg
Fnv`l igrourgft`
r`brnm`rgft`
1>09 017= 1>09 0112
DC[C_ KN@Y@L
0 77 DC[C_ KN@Y@L
[gpùf k` k`sigrmg
k` sigrmg içrt`r
Bnltrc k` gnr`
gi`nt` luornigft`
1>09 0119 1>09 0170
_@KPI[C_@Y-
2 DC[C_
[gpùf k`KN@Y@L
r`ll`fc gi`nt` 7? GICQLGKC_@Y
[gpùf k` k`sigrmg gi`nt`
luornigft`
luornigft`
1>09 0115 1>09 0110
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7?
FC_DGY K@ ICFYPL[GINÙF
@YQG×CL
_@KPI[C_@Y-
GICQLGKC_@Y NFY[GLGINÙF ENK_ÇPLNIG
79 [gpùf k` r`ll`fc gi`nt` ?1 Fnv`l gi`nt` enkrçulnic
luornigft`
1>09 0171 1>09 017>
_@KPI[C_@Y-
70 ?? NFY[GLGINÙF ENK_ÇPLNIG
GICQLGKC_@Y
K`sigrmg pr`snùf giudulgkcr
Fnv`l gi`nt` luornigft`
1>09 01?1 1>09 070>
NFY[GLGINÙF ENK_ÇPLNIG
72 ?9 NFY[GLGINÙF @LÎI[_NIG
Rçlvulg k` k`sigrmg gi`nt`
Ighg busnol`s y/c busnol`s
enkrçulnic
1>09 011; 1>09 0151
NFY[GLGINÙF ENK_ÇPLNIG
[uo`räg ocdog k`
7= ?; FNR@L M@FÎ_NIC
gogst`indn`ftc gi`nt`
Icfkninùf k` fnv`l DÇU.
enkrçulnic (sn nfstglgkg c `f
kctginùf)
1>09 011> 1>09 01?7
NFY[GLGINÙF ENK_ÇPLNIG
7> Qurmgkcr k` gnr` k`pùsntc
gi`nt` enkrçulnic
1>09 0172
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 79
[GOLG K@ _@YPD@F DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
[GOLG K@ _@YPD@F
DGF[@FNDN@F[C ^ LPO_NIGINÙF
Lg snmun`ft` tgolg s` gplnig scor` lg dçqunfg, icdc
gke`snvc, pgrg cbr`i`r
lgs nft`rv`fincf`s gl cp`rgkcr uf
k` dgft`fndn`ftc qu`r`sud`f k`
k`o`f s`r
`b`itugkgs.
G[@FINÙF
G [@FINÙF
@b`itø` lgs cp`rgincf`s k` dgft`fndn`ftc y
luorniginùf crknfgrng `xplnigkgs k` bcrdg snftîtnig g
lcs nft`rvglcs (e) nfknigkcs.
@f pr`s`fing k` uf kcol` nft`rvglc (`h.711-011e), `l
dçs or`v` s` r``r` g `dpl`cs dçs p`sgkcs.
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7;
[GOLG K@ _@YPD@F DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
_@YPD@F K@ LGY CQ@_GINCF@Y K@
DGF[@FNDN@F[C
G icftnfuginùf s` `xplnigf lcs sädoclcs utnlnzgkcs `f lg
“tgolg k` r`sud`f k` dgft`fndn`ftc—.
G[@FINÙF
@stg iglicdgfäg s`÷glg lg colnmginùf k` icfsultgr
`l dgfugl k` usc y dgft`fndn`ftc k` lg dçqunfg
pgrg dçs k`tgll`s r`lgtnvcs g lgs cp`rgincf`s k`
dgft`fndn`ftc y g lcs prckuitcs k` icfsudc pgrg
utnlnzgr.
@stc pcrqu` `s f`i`sgrnc gt`f`rs` g prci`kndn`ftcs
`sp`iäics qu` fc pu`k`f s`r `xplnigkcs `f ufg
`tnqu`tg.
@FM_GY@
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 70
[GOLG K@ _@YPD@F DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
DÇY[NL, INF@DG[NYDC ^ IGO@XGL MN_G[C_NC
D@YG _C[G[C_NG
(5)
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 72
[GOLG K@ _@YPD@F DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
IGO_@Y[GF[@Y
(7) (9)
(?) (;)
DC[C_ KN@Y@L
(71) (9)
(>)
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7=
[GOLG K@ _@YPD@F DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
NFY[GLGINÙF ENK_ÇPLNIG
(7)8 Yustntuinùf
Yustntuinùf igrtuiec ltrc gi`nt` enkrçulnic
enkrçulnic.. (7) (9)
(?)8 Icftrcl y r`stgol`indn
r`stgol`indn`ftc
`ftc fnv`l gi`nt` enkrçulnic.
(9)8 Yustntuin
Yustntuinùf
ùf ltrc
lt rc purmg gnr` k`pùsntc
k`pùs ntc k`
k ` gi`nt`
gi`nt `
enkrçulnic.
(;)8 Yustntuinùf gi`nt` enkrçulnic
enkrçulnic..
(?) (;)
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
D ÇMNFG 75
GKR@_[@FINGY M@F@_GL@Y
@YQG×CL
GKR@_[@FINGY M@F@_GL@Y
G icftnfuginùf s` nfknigf lgs prnfinpgl`s gkv`rt`fings
k` igrçit`r m`f`rgl qu` k`o`f s`r r`sp`tgkgs kurgft` G[@FINÙF
`l dgft`fndn`ftc k` lg dçqunfg. @l usc k` lg dçqunfg `f icfknincf`s gdon`ftgl`s
pgrtniulgrd`ft` p`sgkgs `f
icftnfucs (pcr `h`dplc c `lturfcs
`dpl`c
qu``fpr`v`gf
inilcs
Q@LNM_C lg utnlnzginùf ?; ecrgs `f icftnfuginùf), pu`k`f
Qgrg gii`k`r icf s`murnkgk g lcs knb`r`ft`s puftcs k` f`i`sntgr ufg p`rnckninkgk knb`r`ft`.
lg dçqunfg utnlni` ufg `sigl`rg c ufg plgtgbcrdg icf @f r`lginùf g `stcs igscs s`rç f`i`sgrnc pcf`rs` `f
`siglcf`s qu` iudplgf lgs fcrdgs k` pr`v`finùf icftgitc icf `l Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftgs YCNLD@I pgrg
k` giink`ft`s lgocrgl`s lcigl`s c fgincfgl`s. cot`f`r tckgs lgs nfbcrdgincf`s `sp`iäigs.
Q@LNM_C NDQC_[GF[@
Yn lgs cp`rgincf`s k` dgft`fndn`ftc pr`vîf lg Icftgit` `l Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftgs YCNLD@I pgrg egi`r
pr`s`fing k`l tîifnic k` dgft`fndn`ftc
dgft`fndn`ftc `f zcfgs k` prcvnsnùf pr`v`ftnvg k` lcs r`igdoncs crnmnfgl`s
`sigsg vnsnonlnkgk, `s colnmgtcrnc p`knr lg gsnst`fing qu` s` mgstgf.
k` uf s`mufkc `figrmgkc g ocrkc k` lg dçqunfg.
NDQC_[GF[@
Q@LNM_C Ptnlni` `xilusnvgd`ft` prckuitcs gicfs`hgkcs
Fc us` fufig
nfgdgol`s pgrgmgsclnfg, sclv`ft`s
lg lndpn`zg u ctrcs unkcs
k` pgrtniulgr`s. pcr YCNLD@I Ypg. Icfsult` `l igpätulc r`lgtnvc g
lcs Q_CKPI[CY K@ ICFYPDC pgrg icfci`r sus
Ptnlni` knsclv`ft`s icd`ringl`s ecdclcmgkcs fc igrgit`rästnigs.
nfgdgol`s y gtùxnics.
NDQC_[GF[@
Q@LNM_C Kurgft` lgs cp`rgincf`s k` dgft`fndn`ftc,
Ll`v` sn`dpr` mgbgs icf prct`iincf`s lgt`rgl`s dgft`fmg `l çr`g k` trgoghc lndpng y lnor` k` coh`tcs
iugfkc s` utnlnzg gnr` icdprndnkc pgrg lg lndpn`zg. c e`rrgdn`ftgs.
Lndnt` lg pr`snùf k` trgoghc g ? ogr s`møf
s `møf lgs fcrdgs
vnm`ft`s lcigl`s y/c fgincfgl`s.
Q@LNM_C
Iugfkc s` utnlnzg uf knspcsntnvc k` lgvgkc icf vgpcr,
vgpcr,
pùfmgs` rcpg k` prct`iinùf. @l vgpcr igln`ft` pu`k`
pu`k`
igusgr mrgv`s l`sncf`s bäsnigs.
G[@FINÙF
Gft`s k` `b`itugr cp`rgincf`s k` dgft`fndn`ftc,
pùfmgs` knspcsntnvcs k` prct`iinùf p`rscfgl
ecdclcmgkcs icdc mugft`s, zgpgtcs, mgbgs, `ti..
G[@FINÙF
Ynmg `sirupulcsgd`ft` lcs Q_CM_GDGY K@
DGF[@FNDN@F[C intgkcs `f `l pr`s`ft` dgfugl
yg s`g `f `l p`rnckc k` mgrgftäg gsä icdc `f `l
p`rnckc k` pcst-mgrgftäg. YCNLD@I Ypg s` r`s`rvg
k` r`iegzgr pcsnol`s r`ilgdgincf`s `f `l igsc `f
qu` s` icdpru`o` `l nfiudplndn`ftc k` uf fcrdgl
k`sgrrcllc k`l dgft`fndn`ftc.
G[@FINÙF
Crmgfni` ufg BNIEG K@ Q_CM_GDG, `f lg iugl
gpuftgrç igkg nft`rv`finùf `b`itugkg. Qgrg igkg
nft`rv`finùf, s`rç f`i`sgrnc pck`r icdprcogr qu`
s` egygf `b`itugkc lgs pr`i`k`ft`s.
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7>
GKR@_[@FINGY M@F@_GL@Y
@YQG×CL
LNDQN@XG K@ LG DÇWPNFG NFY[GLGINÙF ENK_GPLNIG
NDQC_[GF[@
Lgs cp`rgincf`s k` icftrcl, r`stgol`indn`ftc k`l
fnv`l k` gi`nt` enkrçulnic y sustntuinùf k`l gi`nt`
enkrçulnic
icfmurginùfk`o`f `b`itugrs`
k` trgoghc scor` icf lg dçqunfg
uf t`rr`fc llgfc. `f
@l fnv`l k`o` icftrclgrs` icf `l gi`nt` g t`dp`rgturg
gdon`ft`.
[rgogh` icf lg dçxndg lndpn`zg pgrg `vntgr
qu` suin`kgk ` ndpur`zgs s` nftrckuzigf `f `l
k`pùsntc.
NDQC_[GF[@
Qgrg bginlntgr lg sglnkg k`l gi`nt` `f lg bgs` k`
k`sigrmg `s f`i`sgrnc prci`k`r `f icfknincf`s k`
gi`nt` igln`ft`.
Dgft`fmg lg zcfg k` trgoghc lnor` y lndpng.
Lndpn` duy on`f lcs tgpcf`s gft`s k` vclv`rlcs g
iclcigr.
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
D ÇMNFG ?1
GKR@_[@FINGY M@F@_GL@Y
@YQG×CL
DC[C_ KN@Y@L
Q@LNM_C
Fc egmg fufig bufincfgr `l dctcr `f lumgr`s
i`rrgkcs y snf gnr`ginùf k`onkc g lg pr`s`fing k`
mgs`s k` `sigp` fcinvcs.
Q@LNM_C
Yn `s f`i`sgrnc pcf`r `f dgrieg `l dctcr pgrg
glmufgs cp`rgincf`s k` dgft`fndn`ftc, snmg
`sirupulcsgd`ft` tckgs lgs pr`iguincf`s k`
s`murnkgk. Gplnqu` `l prci`kndn`ftc fcrdgl pgrg lg
pu`stg `f dgrieg k`l dctcr.
dctcr.
Q@LNM_C
Fc qunt` `l tgpùf k`l rgkngkcr icf `l dctcr igln`ft`,
`sp`r` qu` lg t`dp`rgturg ogh` pcr k`oghc k` 01¸I.
@f igsc icftrgrnc, l` t`dp`rgturg `l`vgkg k`l läqunkc
r`brnm`rgft` vgpcrnzgkc c k`l vgpcr pckräg igusgr
l`sncf`s p`rscfgl`s. Wunt` `l tgpùf
t gpùf l`ftgd`ft` pgrg
`lndnfgr mrgkugld`ft` lg pr`snùf k` lg nfstglginùf k`
`fbrngdn`ftc.
Q@LNM_C
@vnt` `l icftgitc prclcfmgkc y r`p`tnkc k` lg pn`l icf
`l läqunkc k` `fbrngdn`ftc gmctgkc. @st` icftgitc
pu`k` prcvcigr `fb`rd`kgk`s mrgv`s k` lg pn`l
gk`dçs k` mrgv`s l`sncf`s. Lçv`s` iunkgkcsgd`ft`
k`spuîs k`l icftgitc.
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG ?7
GKR@_[@FINGY M@F@_GL@Y
@YQG×CL
NFY[GLGINÙF @LÎI[_NIG
G[@FINÙF
Qu`s qu` `l `l`itrclntc `s duy icrrcsnvc, `vnt` `l
icftgitc icf `l iegsns k` lg dçqunfg c icdpcf`ft`s
`lîitrnics c `l`itrùfnics. @f igsc k` icftgitc
giink`ftgl knrähgs` g uf i`ftrc k` gsnst`fing
gutcrnzgkc.
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
D ÇMNFG ??
GKR@_[@FINGY M@F@_GL@Y
@YQG×CL
@FM_GY@ ^ LPO_NIGINÙF ICF[_CL GQ_N@[@ [C_FNLL@_ÄG
Q@LNM_C NDQC_[GF[@
@vnt` `l icftgitc prclcfmgkc y r`p`tnkc k` lg pn`l @b`itø` `l icftrcl k`l gprn`t` k` lg tcrfnll`räg k` lg
NDQC_[GF[@
Gft`s k` nfy`itgr mrgsg luornigft` `f lcs
`fmrgsgkcr`s, lädpn`lcs icf iunkgkc pgrg `vntgr
qu` pclvc ` ndpur`zg pu`k`f d`zilgrs` icf lg
mrgsg knsdnfuy`fkc c gfulgfkc `l `b`itc k` lg
luorniginùf.
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?7>/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG ?9
_@YPD@F NF[@_R@FINCF@Y KP_GF[@ @L _CKGH@
@YQG×CL
_@YPD@F K@ LGY NF[@_R@FINC
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y
F@Y KP_GF[@ @L _CKGH@
G[@FINÙF G[@FINÙF
Ynmg `sirupulcsgd`ft` lcs Q_CM_GDGY K@ @l usc k` lg dçqunfg `f icfknincf`s gdon`ftgl`s
DGF[@FNDN@F[C intgkcs `f `l pr`s`ft` dgfugl yg pgrtniulgrd`ft` p`sgkgs c `l `dpl`c `f inilcs
s`g `f `l p`rnckc k` mgrgftäg, icdc `f `l p`rnckc icftnfucs (pcr `h`dplc `f turfcs qu` pr`v`gf
k` pcst-mgrgftäg. YCNLD@I Ypg s` r`s`rvg k` lg utnlnzginùf ?; ecrgs `f icftnfuginùf), pu`k`f
r`iegzgr pcsnol`s r`ilgdgincf`s `f `l igsc `f f`i`sntgr ufg p`rnckninkgk knb`r`ft`. @f r`lginùf g
qu` s` icdpru`o` `l nfiudplndn`ftc k` uf fcrdgl `stcs igscs s`rç f`i`sgrnc pcf`rs` `f icftgitc icf
k`sgrrcllc k`l dgft`fndn`ftc. `l Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftgs YCNLD@I pgrg cot`f`r tckgs
lgs nfbcrdgincf`s `sp`iäigs.
G[@FINÙF
Qr`pgr` ufg BNIEG K@ Q_CM_GDG, `f lg iugl
gpuftgrç igkg nft`rv`finùf `b`itugkg. Qcr igkg
nft`rv`finùf, s`rç f`i`sgrnc pck`r icdprcogr qu`
s` egygf `b`itugkc lgs pr`i`k`ft`s.
IG__C K@
Icftrcl gprn`t` tcrfnll`räg pgtnf`s
C_PMGY
QP@Y[C K@
Icftrcl y ghust` t`fsnùf icrr`g icdpr`scr mgs r`brnm`rgft`
ICFKPIINÙF
K@F[_C
K@ LGY Yustntuinùf `l`d`ftc ltrgft` ltrc igrourgft`
Q_ND@_GY DC[C_ KN@Y@L
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
D ÇMNFG ?;
_@YPD@F NF[@_R@FINCF@Y KP_GF[@ @L _CKGH@
@YQG×CL
IG__C K@
Yustntuinùf gi`nt` dctcrr`kuitcr trgslginùf
C_PMGY
?01
EC_GY Yustntuinùf gi`nt` r`kuitcr k` ogs`
D@YG _C[G[C_NG Yustntuinùf gi`nt` dctcrr`kuitcr nfb`rncr (sclc `f v`rsnùf snf igdonc)
K@F[_C NFY[GLGINÙF
K@ LGY Yustntuinùf gi`nt` enkrçulnic
ENK_ÇPLNIG
Q_ND@_GY
K@F[_C IG__C K@
Icftrcl k`smgst` zcfgs k` gorgsnùf
K@ LGY C_PMGY
Q_ND@_GY
?111
EC_GY
- -
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ??7/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG ?0
_@YPD@F NF[@_R@FINCF@Y C_KNFG_NGY ^ @U[_GC_KNFG_NGY
@YQG×CL
_@YPD@F K@ LGY NF[@_R@FINCF@Y C_KNFG_NGY ^ @U[_GC_KNFG_NGY
G[@FINÙF G[@FINÙF
Ynmg `sirupulcsgd`ft`
DGF[@FNDN@F[C lcs`l pr`s`ft`
intgkcs `f Q_CM_GDGY
dgfugl K@
yg @l usc k` lg dçqunfg
pgrtniulgrd`ft` `f icfknincf`s
p`sgkgs c `l `dpl`cgdon`ftgl`s
`f inilcs
s`g `f `l p`rnckc k` mgrgftäg, icdc `f `l p`rnckc icftnfucs (pcr `h`dplc `f turfcs qu` pr`v`gf
k` pcst-mgrgftäg. YCNLD@I Ypg s` r`s`rvg k` lg utnlnzginùf ?; ecrgs `f icftnfuginùf), pu`k`f
r`iegzgr pcsnol`s r`ilgdgincf`s `f `l igsc `f f`i`sntgr ufg p`rnckninkgk knb`r`ft`. @f r`lginùf g
qu` s` icdpru`o` `l nfiudplndn`ftc k` uf fcrdgl `stcs igscs s`rç f`i`sgrnc pcf`rs` `f icftgitc icf
k`sgrrcllc k`l dgft`fndn`ftc. `l Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftgs YCNLD@I pgrg cot`f`r tckgs
lgs nfbcrdgincf`s `sp`iäigs.
G[@FINÙF
Qr`pgr` ufg BNIEG K@ Q_CM_GDG, `f lg iugl
gpuftgrç igkg nft`rv`finùf `b`itugkg. Qcr igkg
nft`rv`finùf, s`rç f`i`sgrnc pck`r icdprcogr qu`
s` egygf `b`itugkc lgs pr`i`k`ft`s.
[CKCY LCY
Nfsp`iinùf m`f`rgl
M_PQCY
EC_GY
Icftrcl fnv`l gi`nt`
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
D ÇMNFG ?2
_@YPD@F NF[@_R@FINCF@Y C_KNFG_NGY ^ @U[_GC_KNFG_NGY
@YQG×CL
71 OG__G
[@L@YIÙQNIG Icftrcl y lndpn`zg (GBL)
EC_GY
J@LL^
QP@Y[C K@
Icftrcl y lndpn`zg icfk`fsgkcr ilndgtnzgkcr
ICFKPIINÙF
NFY[GLGINÙF
IGKG ENK_ÇPLNIG Icftrcl y lndpn`zg rgkngkcr k` gi`nt`
01 @fmrgs` igsqunllcs p`rfcs
EC_GY
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG ?=
_@YPD@F NF[@_R@FINCF@Y C_KNFG_NGY ^ @U[_GC_KNFG_NGY
@YQG×CL
IG__C K@
Lndpn`zg y `fmrgs` trgvn`sgs t`l`siùpnigs
C_PMGY
EC_GY
NFY[GLGINÙF
Icftrcl fnv`l `l`itrclntc ogt`rägs icfv`fincfgl`s
@LÎI[_NIG
[CKCY LCY
Icftrcl gprn`t` tcrfnll`räg
M_PQCY
EC_GY
Lndpn`zg ltrc ocdog k` gogst`indn`ftc
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
D ÇMNFG ?5
_@YPD@F NF[@_R@FINCF@Y C_KNFG_NGY ^ @U[_GC_KNFG_NGY
@YQG×CL
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG ?>
_@YPD@F NF[@_R@FINCF@Y C_KNFG_NGY ^ @U[_GC_KNFG_NGY
@YQG×CL
IG__C K@
Icftrcl `stgfqu`nkgk huftg enkrçulnig rctgtcrng
C_PMGY
011
@fmrgs` onsgmrgs pu`rtg igonfg
EC_GY
QP@Y[C K@
Icftrcl y lndpn`zg `l`d`ftc ltrgft` ltrc k` gnr` `xt`rncr
ICFKPIINÙF
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
D ÇMNFG 91
_@YPD@F NF[@_R@FINCF@Y C_KNFG_NGY ^ @U[_GC_KNFG_NGY
@YQG×CL
EC_GY OG__G
[@L@YIÙQNIG Icftrcl k`smgst` pgtnf`s k` k`slnzgdn`ftc
J@LL^
QP@Y[C K@
Icftrcl `in`fing icdpr`scr mgs r`brnm`rgft`
ICFKPIINÙF
OG__G
[@L@YIÙQNIG Yustntuinùf pgtnf`s k` k`slnzgdn`ftc igo`zg k` muäg j`lly
J@LL^
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ??=/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 97
_@YPD@F NF[@_R@FINCF@Y C_KNFG_NGY ^ @U[_GC_KNFG_NGY
@YQG×CL
IG__C K@
Yustntuinùf gi`nt` dctcrr`kuitcr k` trgslginùf
C_PMGY
QP@Y[C K@
Yustntuinùf `l`d`ftc ltrgft` ltrc k` gnr` `xt`rncr
ICFKPIINÙF
IGKG
Yustntuinùf `l`d`ftc ltrgft` ltrc k` gnr`
?111
EC_GY DC[C_ KN@Y@L Yustntuinùf lnqunkc r`brnm`rgft`
(c 7 g÷c)
Lgvgkc y r`ll`fc snst`dg k` `fbrngdn`ftc
NFY[GLGINÙF
Yustntuinùf gi`nt` enkrçulnic
ENK_ÇPLNIG
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
D ÇMNFG 9?
_@YPD@F NF[@_R@FINCF@Y C_KNFG_NGY ^ @U[_GC_KNFG_NGY
@YQG×CL
QP@Y[C K@
Yustntuinùf icrr`g icdpr`scr mgs r`brnm`rgft`
ICFKPIINÙF
NFY[GLGINÙF
Yustntuinùf ogt`rägs
@LÎI[_NIG
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 99
_@YPD@F NF[@_R@FINCF@Y C_KNFG_NGY ^ @U[_GC_KNFG_NGY
@YQG×CL
Lndpn`zg y luorniginùf
OG__G
[@L@YIÙQNIG Yustntuinùf pgtnf`s k` k`slnzgdn`ftc
J@LL^
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?91/902
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
D ÇMNFG 9;
_@YPD@F NF[@_R@FINCF@Y C_KNFG_NGY ^ @U[_GC_KNFG_NGY
@YQG×CL
NFY[GLGINÙF
Icftrcl inriuntc k` r`igrmg ogt`rägs
@LÎI[_NIG
NFY[GLGINÙF
Yustntuinùf `l`d`ftc ltrgft` ltrc k` gi`nt`
ENK_ÇPLNIG
Gor`vngincf`s8
GNL - Gl nfninc k`l trgoghc
GBL - Gl fgl k`l trgoghc
IF - Iugfkc s`g f`i`sgrnc
YLG - Y`÷gl luz k` gvnsc
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 90
_@YPD@F QPF[CY
QPF[CY K@ GOGY[@INDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
_@YPD@F K@ LCY QPF[CY K@ GOGY[@INDN@F[C
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
D ÇMNFG 92
_@YPD@F QPF[CY
QPF[CY K@ GOGY[@INDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
5 Nfstglginùf
`fbrngdn`ftc dctcr Gmug/gftnen`lc - ?111 ~ 91
Nfstglginùf luorniginùf
> Gi`nt` luornigft` 01 ?01 7=,0
dctcr
L`y`fkg8
IF 4 Iugfkc `s f`i`sgrnc
YLG 4 Y`÷gl luz k` gvnsc
NDQC_[GF[@
Ptnlni` `xilusnvgd`ft` prckuitcs gicfs`hgkcs pcr
YCNLD@I Ypg. Gft` lg ndpcsnonlnkgk k` `ficftrgrlcs,
` ficftrgrlcs,
utnlni` prckuitcs k` ufg dgrig glt`rfgtnvg p`rc icf
lgs dnsdgs igrgit`rästnigs tîifnigs. Icfsult` `l
igpätulc r`lgtnvc g lcs Q_CKPI[CY K@ ICFYPDC.
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 9=
_@YPD@F QPF[CY
QPF[CY K@ GOGY[@INDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
D ÇMNFG 95
_@YPD@F QPF[CY
QPF[CY K@ GOGY[@INDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
71 _`kuitcr k` ogs`
d`sg rctgtcrng Gi`nt` luornigft` ?01 7111 21
Dctcrr`kuitcr nfb`rncr
77 d`sg rctgtcrng (sclc `f Gi`nt` luornigft` ?01 7111 7,0
v`rsnùf snf igdonc)
NDQC_[GF[@
Ptnlni` `xilusnvgd`ft` prckuitcs gicfs`hgkcs pcr
YCNLD@I Ypg. Gft` lg ndpcsnonlnkgk k` `ficftrgrlcs,
` ficftrgrlcs,
utnlni` prckuitcs k` ufg dgrig glt`rfgtnvg p`rc icf
lgs dnsdgs igrgit`rästnigs tîifnigs. Icfsult` `l
igpätulc r`lgtnvc g lcs Q_CKPI[CY K@ ICFYPDC.
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 9>
_@YPD@F QPF[CY K@ BNL[_GINÙF
@YQG×CL
_@YPD@F K@ LCY QPF[CY K@ BNL[_GINÙF
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
D ÇMNFG ;1
_@YPD@F QPF[CY K@ BNL[_GINÙF
@YQG×CL
g lgs prnd`rgs
71 (tckcs lcs 01 ecrgs
9 Bnltrc s`pgrgkcr - -
kägs) igkg ?01
ecrgs
g lgs prnd`rgs
01 ecrgs
; Bnltrc igrourgft` - - -
igkg ?01
ecrgs
g lgs prnd`rgs
01 ecrgs
0 Bnltrc k` gi`nt` dctcr - - -
igkg ?01
ecrgs
g lgs prnd`rgs
Rçlvulg k` purmg k`pùsntc gi`nt` 01 ecrgs
2 - - -
enkrçulnic igkg ?01
ecrgs
g lgs prnd`rgs
01 ecrgs
= Bnltrc k` gi`nt` enkrçulnic - - -
igkg ?01
ecrgs
g lgs prnd`rgs
Bnltrc k`senkrgtgkcr snst`dg k` 01 ecrgs
5 - - -
ilndgtnzginùf igkg ?111
ecrgs
g lgs prnd`rgs
Bnltrc snst`dg k` luorniginùf d`sg 01 ecrgs
5 - - -
rctgtcrng igkg ?01
ecrgs
NDQC_[GF[@
Icftgit` `l Y`rvninc
Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftg YCNLD@I
YCNLD@I pgrg egi`r
prcvnsnùf pr`v`ftnvg k` lcs r`igdoncs crnmnfgl`s
qu` s` mgstgf.
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG ;7
_@YPD@F QPF[CY K@ LPO_NIGINÙF
@YQG×CL
_@YPD@F K@ LCY QPF[CY K@ LPO_NIGINÙF
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
D ÇMNFG ;?
_@YPD@F QPF[CY K@ LPO_NIGINÙF
@YQG×CL
NDQC_[GF[@
Ptnlni` `xilusnvgd`ft` prckuitcs gicfs`hgkcs pcr
YCNLD@I Ypg. Gft` lg ndpcsnonlnkgk k` `ficftrgrlcs,
` ficftrgrlcs,
utnlni` prckuitcs k` ufg dgrig glt`rfgtnvg p`rc icf
lgs dnsdgs igrgit`rästnigs tîifnigs. Icfsult` `l
igpätulc r`lgtnvc g lcs Q_CKPI[CY K@ ICFYPDC.
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG ;9
_@YPD@F QPF[CY K@ LPO_NIGINÙF
@YQG×CL
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG ;;
_@YPD@F QPF[CY K@ LPO_NIGINÙF
@YQG×CL
NDQC_[GF[@
Ptnlni` `xilusnvgd`ft` prckuitcs gicfs`hgkcs pcr
YCNLD@I Ypg. Gft` lg ndpcsnonlnkgk k` `ficftrgrlcs,
` ficftrgrlcs,
utnlni` prckuitcs k` ufg dgrig glt`rfgtnvg p`rc icf
lgs dnsdgs igrgit`rästnigs tîifnigs. Icfsult` `l
igpätulc r`lgtnvc g lcs Q_CKPI[CY K@ ICFYPDC.
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG ;0
_@YPD@F QPF[CY K@ @FM_GY@
@YQG×CL
_@YPD@F K@ LCY QPF[CY K@ @FM_GY@
Ocdog k` `fmrgs`
7 Ichnhnf`
Ic f`t`
t` tg
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docr
cr ig
igor
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tgft
ft`
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prnfi
finp
npgl
gl ?01
(`f kctginùf)
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? Onsgmrg
rgss igpùs y pu`rtg
tgss 011
(`f kctginùf)
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9 Icrcfg k` mnrc 01
(`f kctginùf)
Ocdog k` `fmrgs`
; Mrupc t`fscr crumgs 011
(`f kctginùf)
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG ;2
_@YPD@F QPF[CY K@ @FM_GY@
@YQG×CL
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG ;=
_@YPD@F QPF[CY K@ @FM_GY@
@YQG×CL
72 Igol`s Qnfi`l IF
Ocdog k` `fmrgs`
7= Igo`
Igo`zg
zg k` mu
muäg
äg og
ogrr
rrg
g j`l
j`llly 01
(`f kctginùf)
Ocdog k` `fmrgs`
75 @l`d`
d`f
ftc k` rc
rcttginùf 01
(`f kctginùf)
L`y`fkg8
IF 4 Iugfkc `s f`i`sgrnc
NDQC_[GF[@
Ptnlni` `xilusnvgd`ft` prckuitcs gicfs`hgkcs pcr
YCNLD@I Ypg. Gft` lg ndpcsnonlnkgk k` `ficftrgrlcs,
utnlni` prckuitcs k` ufg dgrig glt`rfgtnvg p`rc icf
lgs dnsdgs igrgit`rästnigs tîifnigs. Icfsult` `l
igpätulc r`lgtnvc g lcs Q_CKPI[CY K@ ICFYPDC.
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG ;5
Q_CKPI[CY K@ ICFYPDC
@YQG×CL
Q_CKPI[CY K@ ICFYPDC GI@N[@Y LPO_NIGF[@Y
Lcs `l`d`ftcs nfknigkcs `f lg tgolg snmun`ft` scf
M_GYG LPO_NIGF[@ gogst`inkcs icf gi`nt` kurgft` lg bgs` k` dcftgh` k`
lg dçqunfg pcr `l icfstruitcr YCNLD@I: s`rç f`i`sgrnc
Crnmnfgld`ft` lg dçqunfg s` `ftr`mg icf mrgsg8 dgft`f`r lg dnsdg tnpclcmäg y vnsicsnkgk k`l gi`nt`
prcpu`stc tgftc pgrg `v`ftugl`s r`ll`fcs icdc pgrg
YE@LL _@[NFGU @QU?
sustntuincf`s icdpl`tgs.
Y` gicfs`hg utnlnzgr `l dnsdc prckuitc kurgft` `l
dgft`fndn`ftc. @l`d`ftc pgrg
Dgrig/tnpc Ilgs` YG@
luornigr
Gft` lg ndpcsnonlnkgk k` `ficftrgr `st` prckuitc, utnlni`
ufg mrgsg k` ufg dgrig glt`rfgtnvg p`rc icf lgs dnsdgs Dctcrr`kuitcr`s Ye`ll/Ypnrgx Cnl
51]->1
igrgit`rästnigs. k` trgslginùf G 51]->1
51]->1
Dctcrr`kuitcr Ye`ll/Ypnrgx Cnl
51]->1
k` rctginùf G 51]->1
51]->1
GF[NCUNKGF[@Y Dctcr kn`s`l
Ye`ll/_ndulg
70]-;1
U70 ] ;1
Qgrg prct`m`r lgs sup`rin`s `lgocrgkgs icf ùrmgfcs Igor`stgft` Ye`ll/Ypnrgx Cnl
d`içfnics d`tçlnics qu` k` ctrg dgf`rg subrnrägf 51]->1
prnfinpgl G 51]->1
51]->1
`fv`h`indn`ftc y icrrcsnùf, s` gicfs`hg utnlnzgr Igor`stgft`
IE@Y[@_[CF tnpctnp c _PY[ MPG_K E@GR^ KP[^ u ctrcs
prckuitcs icf igrgit`rästnigs sndnlgr`s qu` ir``f scor` guxnlngr
Ye`ll/[`llus Cn
Cnl 71]-91
lgs sup`rin`s `lgocrgkgs ufg p`läiulg k` prct`iinùf
(k`si`fsc
fg, `igz y k` lgrmg kurginùf.
icftrclgkc)
@l usc k` `stcs prckuitcs `s f`i`sgrnc pgrg ufg ou`fg Igor`stgft`
@ssc/Ypgrtgf
icfs`rvginùf k` lgs pn`zgs k` r`igdonc y k` lgs pgrt`s guxnlngr (igäkg -
@Q701
d`içfnigs k`sdcftgkgs kurgft` lcs p`rnckcs k` lnor`)
gldgi`fgdn`ftc k` lg p`rbcrgkcrg. _`kuitcr k`
ogs` d`sg Ye`ll/Ypnrgx Cnl
=0]->1
G[@FINÙF rctgtcrng (icf GYU =0]->1
Lcs icdpcf`ft`s trgtgkcs icf prckuitcs igdonc)
gftncxnkgft`s tn`f`f qu` s`r f`i`sgrngd`ft` _`kuitcr`s Ye`ll/Ypnrgx Cnl
lndpngkcs k` lg p`läiulg k` prct`iinùf gft`s k` =0]->1
d`sg rctgtcrng GYU =0]->1
utnlnzgr lg dçqunfg. Mugrfnincf`s y vçstgmcs k` lcs Igol`s - 71]-91
inlnfkrcs `f icftgitc
s` k`t`rncrgrçf icf `l prckuitc
pr`dgturgd`ft`. Qcr gftncxnkgft`
lc tgftc s`
gicfs`hg lg prct`iinùf k` lgs pgrt`s k` mcdg gft`s NDQC_[GF[@
k` lg knstrnouinùf k`l prckuitc. Ptnlni` `xilusnvgd`ft` prckuitcs gicfs`hgkcs
YCNLD@I. Gft` lg ndpcsnonlnkgk k` `ficftrgrlcs,
utnlni` prckuitcs k` ufg dgrig glt`rfgtnvg p`rc icf
lgs dnsdgs igrgit`rästnigs.
KNYCLR@F[@Y C KNLP@F[@Y
Qgrg lndpngr lgs zcfgs trgtgkgs icf gftncxnkgft`s,
utnlni` uf prckuitc icf lgs igrgit`rästnigs nfknigkgs
pcr `l bgornigft` k`l dnsdc gftncxnkgft` (vîgs` lg
kciud`ftginùf sudnfnstrgkg pcr `l bgornigft`).
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG ;>
Q_CKPI[CY K@ ICFYPDC
@YQG×CL
GI@N[@ ENK_ÇPLNIC
Crnmnfgld`ft` lg dçqunfg s` `ftr`mg icf gi`nt` Ycor` lg dçqunfg eg snkc gplnigkg ufg plgig pgrg
enkrçulnic r`mnstrgr lcs igdoncs k` gi`nt` `b`itugkcs.
dgrig YE@LL
tnpc [@LLPY CNL Y[ ;2 Gfct` lcs snmun`ft`s
snmun`ft`s kgtcs8
kgtcs8
G) b`ieg k` igdonc gi`nt`
G[@FINÙF O) tnpc k` gi`nt` `dpl`gkc
`dpl`gkc
Y` gicfs`hg lg utnlnzginùf k`l dnsdc tnpc y dgrig k`
gi`nt` pgrg lcs sui`snvcs r`ll`fcs y/c sustntuincf`s.
Gft` lg ndpcsnonlnkgk k` `ficftrgr `st` tnpc k`
gi`nt`, utnlni` uf gi`nt` enkrçulnic icfbcrd` g lgs
`sp`inigincf`s GQN ML-; (NYC 9?/;2 YG@71]-91) c G
KNF 070?; Qgrt` ? (ER ;2 NYC RM;2). @f `st` igsc s`
gicfs`hg gk`dçs k` gftninpgr lg sustntuinùf k` lgs
?111 ecrgs r`mlgd`ftgrngs g lgs 7011 ecrgs. G
O
?1 00
YE@LL [@LLPY [ 25
-71 ;1
71
-91
YE@LL [@LLPY G_I[NI 9?
-75 ;9
[`dp`rgturg gdon`ft` Z IT ±
Ilndgs çrtnics8 [`dp`rgturgs nfb`rncr`s -71 ±I @dpl`` gi`nt` YE@LL [@LLPY G_[NI 9?
Ilndgs t`dp`rgkcs8 [`dp`rgturgs k` -71±I g +;1 ±I @dpl`` gi`nt` YE@LL [@LLPY Y[;2
Ilndgs trcpnigl`s8 [`dp`rgturgs sup`rncr`s g +91±I @dpl`` gi`nt` YE@LL [@LLPY [25
NDQC_[GF[@
@vnt` d`zilgr gi`nt`s k` tnpc y igrgit`rästnigs knb`r`ft`s8 rn`smc k` gfcdglägs y rcturg k` lcs
icdpcf`ft`s.
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 01
Q_CKPI[CY K@ ICFYPDC
@YQG×CL
IG_OP_GF[@ D@XILG K@ @FB_NGDN@F[C
Rîgs` `l Dgfugl k` Psc y Dgft`fndn`ftc k`l icfstruitcr Qgrg r`kuinr lg bcrdginùf k` s`knd`ftcs y lg icrrcsnùf, `l
k`l dctcr kn`s`l. gmug fc k`o` scor`pgsgr fufig lcs snmun`ft`s lädnt`s8
Icfi`ftrginùf gmug-gftnen`lc
Qrct`iinùf Icfi`ftrginùf
egstg -70±I 91 % gftnen`lc - =1 % gmug
egstg -?9±I ;1 % gftnen`lc - 21 % gmug
egstg -9=±I 01 % gftnen`lc - 01 % gmug
egstg -07±I 21 % gftnen`lc - ;1 % gmug
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 07
@YQ@INBNIGINCF@Y [ÎIFNIGY K@ _@B@_@FING
@YQG×CL
@YQ@INBNIGINCF@Y [ÎIFNIGY K@ _@B@_@FING
QG_@Y K@ [C_YNÙF
[C_FNLL@_ÄG
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 0?
@YQ@INBNIGINCF@Y [ÎIFNIGY K@ _@B@_@FING
@YQG×CL
@DQGLD@Y ENK_ÇPLNICY “KNF ?;—
K K? K9 K; K0 G7 [? [7 O7 η
(D) däf. +1,7 dçx. däf. däf.
D5x7 71.> 7= 77 >.7 7 7.2 77.0 71 7?±
D71x7 7?.> ?1 79 77.7 7 77.2 77.0 71 7?±
D7?x7.0 72.> ?? 72 79.5 7.0 ?.; 7; 77.0 70±
D7;x7.0 75.> ?0 75 70.5 7.0 ?.; 7; 77.0 70±
D72x7.0 ?1.> ?= ?1 7=.5 7.0 ?1; 70.0 79 70±
D75x7.0 ??.> 7> ?? 7>.5 ? ?.; 72.0 7;.0 70±
D?1x7.0 ?;.> 9? ?; ?7.5 ? ?.; 72.0 7; 70±
D??x7.0 ?2.> 9; ?2 ?9.5 ? ?.; 75 70.0 70±
D?2x7.0 91.> 9= 97 ?>.10 0 9.7 75.0 72 70±
D?=x? 97.> ;1 9? ?>.; ? 9.7 ?? 7> 70±
D99x? 9=.> ;2 95 90.; ?.0 9.7 ?? 7> 70±
D;?x? ;=.> 02 ;= ;;.; ?.0 9.7 ??.0 7>.0 70±
D;5x? 0;.= 2; 09 01.; ?.0 9.7 ?0 ?? 70±
_csig PFB / PF
K K? K9 K; K0 G7 [? [7 O7 η
(PFB/PF) däf. +1,7 dçx. däf. däf.
=/72-?1 PFB 7;.; ?7 70 7?.; 7.2 ?.; 7; 77.0 7?±
>/72-75 PFB 7=.2 ?0 75 70.2 7.2 ?.0 70.0 7?.= 7?±
9/;-72 PFB ??.9 91 ?9 ?1.2 ?.; ?.0 7=.0 7;.9 70±
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 09
@YQ@INBNIGINCF@Y [ÎIFNIGY K@ _@B@_@FING
@YQG×CL
_csig FQ[
K7 [9 [;
(FQ[)
7/5-?= FQ[ 77.2 2.>
7/;-75 FQ[ 72.; 71
9/5-75 FQ[ 7=.; 71.9
7/?-7; FQ[ ??.2 79.2
9/;-7; FQ[ ?9.7 7;.7
7-77.0 FQ[ ?=.5 72.5
7 7/;-77.0 FQ[ ?5.9 7=.9
7 7/?-77.0 FQ[ ?5.9 7=.9
M-D @d(Fd)
pgld`s [gpcf`s
(Fd)
7/5 M ?0 70
7/; M ;1 99
9/5 M >0 =1
7/? M 791 >1
9/; M ?01 701
7M ;11 ??1
7 7/; M 211 211 (011*)
7 7/? M 511 511 (211*)
D71x7 ?0 79
D7?x7,0 91 91
D7;x7,0 01 ;1
D72x7,0 21 21
D75x7,0 21 =1
D?1x7,0 7;1 >1
D??x7,0 7;1 711
D?2x7,0 ??1 7?1
D?=x? ?01 701
D99x? ;11 ?01
D;?x? 211 ;11 (;11*)
D;5x? 511 =11 (;11*)
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 0;
@YQ@INBNIGINCF@Y [ÎIFNIGY K@ _@B@_@FING
@YQG×CL
IGOL@Y
ICF[_CL K@YMGY[@
Q@LNM_C
[rgoghgr sn`fkc icfsin`ft` k` `stgr usgfkc igol`s
mgstgkcs y/c kg÷gkcs `s duy p`lnmrcsc. Yustntuyg
nfd`kngtgd`ft` uf igol` mgstgkc y/c kg÷gkc.
YCNLD@I Ypg k`ilnfg iuglqun`r r`spcfsgonlnkgk
pcr kg÷cs g p`rscfgs y/c
y/ c icsgs k`onkcs gl usc k`
igol`s mgstgkcs y/c kg÷gkcs.
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 00
@YQ@INBNIGINCF@Y [ÎIFNIGY K@ _@B@_@FING
@YQG×CL
IGYCY K@ K@[@_NC_GINÙF
K`smgst`
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 02
@YQ@INBNIGINCF@Y [ÎIFNIGY K@ _@B@_@FING
@YQG×CL
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 0=
@YQ@INBNIGINCF@Y [ÎIFNIGY K@ _@B@_@FING
@YQG×CL
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 05
@YQ@INBNIGINCF@Y [ÎIFNIGY K@ _@B@_@FING
@YQG×CL
_cturg
7- K`smgst` 7
?- Kcol`z
?
9- [rgiinùf 9
;- Icrrcsnùf y trgiinùf
;
0- Bgtnmg
0
=- Icrrcsnùf y bgtnmg =
5- K`bcrdginùf plçstnig 5
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 0>
@YQ@INBNIGINCF@Y [ÎIFNIGY K@ _@B@_@FING
@YQG×CL
LNDQN@XG ^ LPO_NIGINÙF in`rtc rn`smc k` icrrcsnùf icfsnmun`ft`.
@f su lcfmntuk, `l igol` pr`s`ftg ufg pgrt` duy `xpu`stg
Q@LNM_C gl pclvc y ctrg dçs prct`mnkg, p`rc qu` subr` dçs `l
Qgrg `b`itugr `stg cp`rginùf `s f`i`sgrng lg k`smgst`.
@s `l cp`rgkcr qun`f kurgft` `l icftrcl vnsnvc `xt`rfc
pr`s`fing
dçs zcfgsk`l
k``figrmgkc
`figr mgkc k`l
lg dçqunfg icfdgft`fndn`ftc
dgft`fndn`ftc `f ufg
pcig vnsnonlnkgk.uQnkg
fg c kngrnc k`o` k`inknr sn lcs igol`s k`o`f s`r lndpngkcs c
colnmgtcrngd`ft` lg gsnst`fing k` ctrc `figrmgkc k`l luornigkcs.
dgft`fndn`ftc. Y` `b`itøgf `stgs cp`rgincf`s iugfkc `l dçstnl `stç
iclcigkc `f pcsninùf ecrnzcftgl.
Gft`s k` luornigr icf uf prckuitc `sp`iäic, `s
Q@LNM_C f`i`sgrnc lndpngr, sn bu`rg pcsnol`, `l igol` icf knlu`ft`
Fc us` fufig mgsclnfg, sclv`ft`s u ctrcs unkcs y uf pnfi`l y k`spuîs `lndnfgr lg suin`kgk giudulgkg
nfgdgol`s pgrg lg lndpn`zg k` pgrtniulgr`s. icf uf i`pnllc d`tçlnic.
Ptnlni` knsclv`ft`s icd`ringl`s ecdclcmgkcs fc
nfgdgol`s y gtùxnics. Gplniginùf k`l luornigft`
Ptnlni` ufc k` lcs snmun`ft`s dîtckcs pgrg gplnigr `l
Q@LNM_C luornigft`8
Ptnlni` ufg `sigl`rg c ufg plgtgbcrdg icf `siglcf`s
qu` r`spcfkg g lgs fcrdgtnvgs k` pr`v`finùf k` - Og÷c icftnfuc
giink`ft`s vnm`ft`s `f `l Qgäs k` utnlnzginùf k` lg Egmg k`slnzgr `l igol` k`ftrc k` uf icft`f`kcr ll`fc
dçqunfg, pgrg gii`k`r icf s`murnkgk g lcs knb`r`ft`s k` luornigft`.
puftcs intgkcs. Pfg pcl`g dcftgkg scor` `l icft`f`kcr dgftn`f` `l
igol` sud`rmnkc `f `l luornigft`.
Lcs igol`s k` gi`rc ll`vgf ufg luorniginùf nfningl, Ptnlni` uf trgpc pgrg `lndnfgr `l luornigft` `f `xi`sc
gplnigkg kurgft` lg `lgocrginùf, qu` iuor` tckg lg dn`ftrgs qu` `l igol` sgl` k`l icft`f`kcr.
sup`rin` `f `l `xt`rncr y iuglqun`r nft`rstninc nft`rfc
k`l igol` prct`mn`fkc lcs enlcs icftrg lg icrrcsnùf y - Mct`c
luornigfkc lgs zcfgs k` brniinùf `f `l nft`rncr y `xt`rncr Qcfmg uf icft`f`kcr scor` lgs pcl`gs k` dgf`rg
k`l igol` `f dcvndn`ftc. Lg luorniginùf nfningl `s k` qu` s` pu`kg gornr uf mrnbc pgrg k`hgr ig`r `l gi`nt`
lgrmg kurginùf, scor`tckc `f lcs igol`s icf gldg `f scor` `l igol` dn`ftrgs qu` îst` pgsg g trgvîs k` lg
dgt`rngl t`xtnl kcfk` lcs dcvndn`ftcs k` `xnùf p`rdnt`f rgfurg k` lg pcl`g.
gl gldg k` i`k`r pcic g pcic `l luornigft` k`l iugl `stç
ndpr`mfgkg g lcs tcrcf`s. - Gplniginùf icf trgpc y pnfi`l
@f bufinùf k` lgs icfknincf`s k` `dpl`c `s f`i`sgrnc, Kcs dîtckcs rçpnkcs scf lg gplniginùf k`l luornigft`
`f iuglqun`r igsc, r`p`tnr lg luorniginùf kurgft` `l usc icf uf trgpc c uf pnfi`l.
icf
Lcs ufg br`iu`fing
igol`s y uf tnpc
`stçf knvnknkcs `fk` luornigft`
tr`s `sp`iäic.
igt`mcrägs8 - Luorniginùf icf pnstclg
Luornigft`s lnm`rcs pu`k`f s`r utnlnzgkcs icf
- Igol`s qu` trgoghgf `f icftgitc øfnigd`ft` icf ufg pnstclg pgrg pnfturg. Ycf tgdonîf knspcfnol`s
pcl`gs y icf `l tgdocr k`l igor`stgft`8luornigft`s gtcdnzgkcr`s k` luornigft`.
icf ufg ou`fg igpginkgk k` p`f`trginùf `f lcs
nft`rstnincs k`l igol`. M`f`rgld`ft`, uf prckuitc NDQC_[GF[@
icf vnsicsnkgk YG@ 91 ] `s gk`iugkc. Ptnlni` `xilusnvgd`ft` prckuitcs gicfs`hgkcs
- Igol`s scd`tnkcs g bu`rt` k`t`rncrginùf8 YCNLD@I. Gft` lg ndpcsnonlnkgk k` `ficftrgrlcs,
luornigft`s icf ou`fg gke`r`fing, igpgi`s k` utnlni` prckuitcs k` ufg dgrig glt`rfgtnvg p`rc icf
r`snstnr g lg r`dcinùf k`onkg g gm`ft`s d`içfnics. lgs dnsdgs igrgit`rästnigs. Icfsult` `l igpätulc
Y` gicfs`hgf gi`nt`s duy vnsicscs c mrgsgs lnm`rgs r`lgtnvc g lcs Q_CKPI[CY K@ ICFYPDC.
qu` icft`fmgf gkntnvcs gke`snvcs icf mrgtc c
onsulburc k` dclnok`fc.
- Igol`s qu` `ftrgf `f icftgitc icf dgt`rngl`s
gorgsnvcs su`ltcs (gr`fg c pgr`inkcs)8 `f `stcs
igscs, `l `fmrgs` `xt`rfc pu`k` grrgstrgr icfsnmc
lgs pgrtäiulgs gorgsnvgs icf icfsnmun`ft` mrgv` kg÷c
g lcs enlcs y g lgs pcl`gs. Qcr lc tgftc, `s pr`b`rnol`
qu` `l `xt`rncr k`l igol` qu`k` s`ic gi`ptgfkc uf
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 21
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YNY[@DGY K@ GFILGH@ K@ LCY @U[_@DCY K@
IGOL@
O
G - ICF DGFMPN[C INLNFK_NIC K@ GLPDNFNC
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 27
@YQ@INBNIGINCF@Y [ÎIFNIGY K@ _@B@_@FING
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K@OCONFGKC ^ @F_CLLGKC YCO_@ [GDOC_
I
O O
G[@FINÙF
Gl `frcllgr `l igol` scor` `l tgdocr k`l r`lgtnvc
igor`stgft`, pr`st` duieg gt`finùf g lg knr`iinùf
k` `xnùf k`l igol`. Îstg k`o` s`r sn`dpr`
sn`dpr` nmugl g lg
k`l `frcllgkc crnmnfgl scor` lg oconfg (O).
Yn, pcr `h`dplc, kurgft` `l k`s`frcllgkc `l igol`
sgl` k` lg oconfg (O) pcr `findg, k`o`rç `ftrgr `f
`l tgdocr ([) k`l igor`stgft` pcr `findg. Rni`v`rsg,
sn `l igol` sgl` k` lg oconfg (O) pcr k`oghc, k`o`rç
`ftrgr `f `l tgdocr ([) pcr k`oghc.
@stç gosclutgd`ft` prcenonkc iruzgr `l igol`
(icdc s` `vnk`fing `f lg murg pcr `findg) pcrqu`
s` scd`t`räg `l igol` g ufg tcrsnùf bcrzgkg tgl k`
icdprcd`t`r su r`snst`fing.
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 2?
@YQ@INBNIGINCF@Y [ÎIFNIGY K@ _@B@_@FING
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@s duy ndpcrtgft` qu` `l `frcllgkc scor` `l tgdocr k`l
r`lgtnvc igor`stgft` s` prckuzig k` dgf`rg r`mulgr, G[@FINÙF
scor`tckc sn `l tgdocr fc `s k` tnpc `strngkc y iugfkc K`s`frcllgr y `frcllgr igol`s scf cp`rgincf`s k`
`l igol` s` scor`pcf` `f dçs `strgtcs scor`pu`stcs. rutnfg pgrg `st` tnpc k` dçqunfgs. @s f`i`sgrnc, pcr
Ycor` uf tgdocr fc `strngkc lgs `spnrgs k`l prnd`r lc tgftc, knspcf`r k` e`rrgdn`ftgs gprcpngkgs qu`
`strgtc k`o`f s`r gpr`tgkgs icf iunkgkc y, `f iuglqun`r s` k`o`f dgft`f`r `f kctginùf icf lg dçqunfg `f
igsc, tgdonîf icf tgdocr `strngkc `s cpcrtufc qu` lg zcfg k` trgoghc, icf `l f k` fc kg÷gr lcs igol`s
kurgft` tckc `l `frcllgkc `l igol` s`g dgft`fnkc g ufg kurgft` su dgfnpulginùf.
t`fsnùf nmugl g7-?% k` su igrmg k` rcturg. Ynf `stgs YCNLD@I Ypg s` r`s`rvg k` r`iegzgr pcsnol`s
pr`iguincf`s, lgs `spnrgs qu` s` `frcllgf pcic g pcic r`ilgdgincf`s r`lgtnvgs gl `stgkc k` icfs`rvginùf
pckrägf p`f`trgr `ftr` lgs `spnrgs k` k`oghc igusgfkc k` igol`s fu`vcs `f `l igsc `f qu` s` icdpru`o` lg
kg÷cs gl igol`, nrr`mulgrnkgk`s k` bufincfgdn`ftc g lg fc cos`rvginùf k`l icrr`itc usc k` lcs dnsdcs.
dçqunfg y ufg r`kuiinùf k` su kurginùf.
Gft`s k`l dcftgh` k` uf fu`vc igol`, icdpru`o` qu` G[@FINÙF
lgs mgrmgftgs k` lgs pcl`gs fc egygf snkc k`t`rncrgkgs Gft`s k` pgsgr uf igol` pcr sus r`sp`itnvgs
r`sp`itnvgs pcl`gs,
y k`bcrdgkgs pcr `l pgsc k`l vn`hc igol`. icdpru`o` qu` îstgs fc `stîf `xi`snvgd`ft`
mgstgkgs c k`bcrdgkgs: sn bu`rg f`i`sgrnc,
G[@FINÙF sustntøyglgs nfd`kngtgd`ft`.
K`spuîs k` lg sustntuinùf k`l igol` s`møf lgs
nfstruiincf`s intgkgs gft`rncrd`ft`, giincf` `l
igor`stgft` y icdpru`o` qu` gl d`fcs tr`s vu`ltgs
k` igol` qu`k`f scor` `l tgdocr guf icf `l igol`
icdpl`tgd`ft` k`s`frcllgkc.
QCL@GY
ICF[_CL K@YMGY[@
Q@LNM_C
[rgoghgr sn`fkc icfsin`ft` k` `stgr usgfkc pcl`gs
mgstgkgs y/c kg÷gkgs `s duy p`lnmrcsc. Yustntuyg
nfd`kngtgd`ft` lg pcl`g mgstgkg y/c kg÷gkg.
YCNLD@I Ypg k`ilnfg iuglqun`r r`spcfsgonlnkgk
pcr kg÷cs g p`rscfgs y/c
y/ c icsgs k`onkcs gl usc k`
pcl`gs mgstgkgs y/c kg÷gkgs.
O I
Q@LNM_C
Ptnlni` ufg `sigl`rg c ufg plgtgbcrdg icf `siglcf`s
qu` r`spcfkg g lgs fcrdgtnvgs k` pr`v`finùf k`
giink`ft`s vnm`ft`s `f `l Qgäs k` utnlnzginùf k` lg G
dçqunfg, pgrg gii`k`r icf s`murnkgk g lcs knb`r`ft`s
puftcs intgkcs.
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 29
@YQ@INBNIGINCF@Y [ÎIFNIGY K@ _@B@_@FING
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LPO_NIGINÙF
pr`-luornigkcs
Qgrg lgs pcl`gs y olnfkgkcs.
G s` pr`vî ufg luorniginùf p`rnùknig
d`kngft` lg ocdog k` `fmrgs` `sp`ingl @ `f kctginùf:
pgrg lgs pcl`gs I s` prci`k`rç g lg sustntuinùf k` lcs G
ichnf`t`s K `f `l igsc `f qu` s` fct`f gfcdglägs k` I
bufincfgdn`ftc.
O
K
@
D
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G
NFY[_PIINCF@Y K@ DCF[GH@
[uocs `xnol`s
Lgs tu`rigs k` suh`inùf k` lcs tuocs `xnol`s k`o`f s`r
gtcrfnllgkgs egstg qu` fc egyg dçs pîrknkgs k` gi`nt`
k`l gicplgdn`ftc. Pfg suh`inùf gknincfgl fc d`hcrg lg
`stgfqu`nkgk, gl icftrgrnc kg÷g `l gicplgdn`ftc.
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 20
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@dpgld`s enkrçulnics
gtcrfnll` g bcfkclglgmgrmgftg
icdpl`tgd`ft` tu`rig k`k`suh`inùf O pgrg
k`sigrmg lno`rgry
k`l l`t`
icdprcogr vnsugld`ft` sn lg grgfk`lg k` prct`iinùf I O
pu`k` gligfzgr lg pcsninùf qu` s` nfknig `f lg murg.
@ I
- Nfstgl` `l `dpgld` K `f su glchgdn`ftc snf bcrzgr egstg
qu` lg grgfk`lg k` suh`inùf @ `ftr` `f icftgitc icf lg
sup`rin` `lgocrgkg.
G
- Yn `l `dpgld` `s k` tnpc crn`ftgol`, ghust` lg crn`ftginùf
mnrgfkc `f s`ftnkc gftnecrgrnc `l `dpgld` K egstg
uf dçxndc k` ufg vu`ltg pgrg gligfzgr lg knr`iinùf
k`s`gkg: k`spuîs, dgft`fn`fkc lg pcsninùf icf ufg
llgv`, olcqu`` icf lg tu`rig O.
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?2?/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 22
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DC[C__@KPI[C_
DC[C__@KPI[C_ K@ [_GYLGINÙF
IGKG ?01 EC_GY
Yustntuinùf gi`nt`
IGKG ?111 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?29/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 2=
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
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Q@LNM_C
O G I
Lg mrgsg qu` sgl` oghc pr`snùf pcr `l `fmrgsgkcr,
pu`k`
nfilunkgp`f`trgr `fFc
lg du`rt`. lg dnr`
pn`l fufig
y igusgr l`sncf`s
eging mrgv`s
`l `fmrgsgkcr
pgrg v`r sn sgl` lg mrgsg. Icftrcl` lgs crumgs pgrg
icdprcogr sn lgs igt`fgrngs `stçf t`fsgkgs c chgs.
NDQC_[GF[@
@l dgft`fndn`ftc k` lgs igk`fgs g lg t`fsnùf
icrr`itg gud`ftgrç lg kurginùf `f `l tn`dpc k` lcs
icdpcf`ft`s k`l igrrc. Lg t`fsnùf k` lgs igk`fgs
k`o` s`r r`mulgkg `f bufinùf k` lgs icfknincf`s
cp`rgtnvgs k` lg dçqunfg `f `s` dcd`ftc. @f
pr`s`fing k` t`rr`fc p`sgkc dgft`fmg lgs igk`fgs
lc dçs chgs pcsnol`.
B
IGKG 011 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?2;/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 25
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
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icftnfuc.
Yustntuyg lcs r`t`f`s nft`rfcs sùlc sn s` `vnk`fingf
pîrknkgs k` gi`nt`.
G[@FINÙF
Lg `v`ftugl sustntuinùf k` lcs r`t`f`s k`o` s`r
`ficd`fkgkg `xilusnvgd`ft` g p`rscfgl tîifnic
`sp`inglnzgkc, kctgkc k` e`rrgdn`ftgs `sp`iäigs.
IGKG 011 EC_GY
G[@FINÙF
Lg `v`ftugl sustntuinùf k` lcs r`t`f`s k`o` s`r
`ficd`fkgkg `xilusnvgd`ft` g p`rscfgl tîifnic
`sp`inglnzgkc, kctgkc k` e`rrgdn`ftgs `sp`iäigs.
IGKG 011 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?20/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
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NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
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Fc us` fufig mgsclnfg, sclv`ft`s u ctrcs unkcs
nfgdgol`s pgrg lg lndpn`zg k` pgrtniulgr`s.
Ptnlni` knsclv`ft`s icd`ringl`s ecdclcmgkcs fc
nfgdgol`s y gtùxnics.
IGKG 711 EC_GY
G[@FINÙF
Qgrg dçs nfbcrdgincf`s scor` `l icftrcl y `l ghust`
k`l hu`mc k` lgs trgvn`sgs t`l`siùpnigs, pùfmgs` `f
icftgitc icf `l Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftg YCNLD@I.
IPGFKC F@I@YG_NC
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
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IPGFKC F@I@YG_NC
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?2=/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
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NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
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QG_ K@ [C_YNÙF
õ øtnl Icf luornigft` Ynf luornigft`
F xd lobxbt F xd lobxbt
=/5— - 7; 5;5->>= 279-=?7 7175- =92-522
PFY 77>=
D?;x7.0 71>0- =>?->9? 797;- >01-7775
7?55 70;2
K@F[_C K@ LGY
Q_ND@_GY 01 EC_GY
Õ
IGKG ?01 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?25/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG =?
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
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NDQC_[GF[@
@l icftrcl k`l fnv`l s` `b`itøg `f icfmurginùf k`
trgoghc scor` uf t`rr`fc llgfc, icf `l gi`nt` igln`ft`,
k`spuîs k` ufcs ?1 dnfutcs k` lg pgrgkg k`l
dctcr.
IGKG ?01 EC_GY
Yustntuinùf gi`nt`
K@F[_C K@ LGY
Q_ND@_GY ?01 EC_GY
IGKG ?111 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?2>/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG =9
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
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IGKG 01 EC_GY
O O
O O
mrgsg
qu` lg`f tckcs
mrgsg lcs `fmrgsgkcr`s
nfy`itgkg I k`
sustntuyg lg lgs onsgmrgs egstg
vn`hg.
D`kngft` uf pnfi`l gplnqu` mrgsg tgdonîf scor` lcs
olcqu`cs y lgs i`rrgkurgs.
I
IGKG 011 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?=1/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG =;
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
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IGKG 011 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?=7/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG =0
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
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ICF[_CL ^ _@Y[GOL@INDN@F[C FNR@L LÄWPNKC
K@[@_M@F[@ LNDQNGQG_GO_NYGY
G[@FINÙF
Iugfkc s` trgoghg g t`dp`rgturgs gdon`ft`
duy oghgs, `s nfknsp`fsgol` lg utnlnzginùf k`
läqunkc lndpngpgrgornsgs icf gftnicfm`lgft`. Lg
bcrdginùf k` en`lc `f lg nfstglginùf, prcvcigräg `l
bufincfgdn`ftc k` lgs `l`itrcocdogs `f s`ic icf
uf kg÷c nfd`kngtc.
NDQC_[GF[@ I
Qgrg `l gogst`indn`ftc, utnlni` ufg scluinùf k` gmug
k`stnlgkg-k`t`rm`ft` qu` s` pu`k` `ficftrgr `f
v`ftg `f lgs tn`fkgs k` r`igdoncs pgrg gutcs.
IGKG 711 EC_GY O
IGKG 711 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?=?/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG =2
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
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@FM_GY@ ONYGM_GY QP@_[G IGONFG
IGKG 011 EC_GY
IGKG 011 EC_GY
IGKG ?111 EC_GY
I
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG ==
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
NFY[GLGINÙF
NFY[GLGINÙF GN_@ GICFKNINCFGKC
Q@LNM_C
¡Mgs r`brnm`rgft` oghc pr`snùf! @b`itugr
nft`rv`fincf`s `f lg nfstglginùf k`l gnr`
gicfknincfgkc snf lg k`onkg `xp`rn`fing `s duy
p`lnmrcsc. @xnst` `l rn`smc k` ufg icfm`lginùf mrgv` G
u ctrc tnpc k` giink`ft` pcr igusg k` ufg pcsnol`
bumg k` r`brnm`rgft`. Qnkg lg nft`rv`finùf k` tîifnics
`sp`inglnzgkcs kctgkcs k` `qunpcs gprcpngkcs.
Q@LNM_C
Fc `xpcfmg fnfmufg pgrt` k` lg nfstglginùf k`l gnr`
gicfknincfgkc g llgdgs c g `xi`snvc iglcr, pcrqu`
`xnst` `l rn`smc k` nfi`fknc c k` `xplcsnùf.
Q@LNM_C
Yn `l r`brnm`rgft` `ftrg `f icftgitc icf lg pn`l `s
f`i`sgrnc utnlnzgr `l dnsdc trgtgdn`ftc qu` pgrg lg
icfm`lginùf.
- Igln`ft` lg pgrt` nft`r`sgkg icf lg dgfc c icf
gmug t`dplgkg (9?± I).
- Iuorg icf ufg v`fkg chg pgrg prct`m`r k`
lgs nfb`iincf`s lg zcfg nft`r`sgkg y icfsult`
nfd`kngtgd`ft` g uf dîknic.
Yn `l r`brnm`rgft` `ftrg `f icftgitc icf lcs chcs `s O
f`i`sgrnc lgvgrlcs nfd`kngtgd`ft` icf gmug bräg pcr
lc d`fcs pcr 0 dnfutcs y pr`s`ftgrs` `f s`munkg `f
uf ecspntgl.
kctgkc
Qcr lc k` `qunpcs
tgftc, ` nfstrud`ftcs
s` prceäo` gprcpngkcs.
`xpr`sgd`ft` gl `figrmgkc I
k`l dgft`fndn`ftc nft`rv`fnr knr`itgd`ft` scor` lg
nfstglginùf c pgrt`s k` `llg icdc lcs tuocs k`l mrupc k`
gnr` gicfknincfgkc G, lcs tuocs k`l icfk`fsgkcr, lcs
tuocs k`l ltrc k`senkrgtgkcr O y lcs tuocs k`l icdpr`scr
I.
Knrähgs` gl Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftgs YCNLD@I pgrg lgs
snmun`ft`s nft`rv`fincf
nft`rv`fincf`s8
`s8
- icftrcl igftnkgk mgs r`brnm`rgft`
- vgingkc/r`ll`fc mgs r`brnm`rgft`
- sustntuinùf tuocs `xnol`s.
¡_@YQ@[@ @L D@KNC GDON@F[@!
Lgs nfstglgincf`s k` gnr` gicfknincfgkc icf
r`brnm`rgft` läqunkc (_79;g) k`o`f s`r vgingkgs
icrr`itgd`ft` y gogst`inkgs usgfkc gpgrgtcs qu`
ndpnkgf su bumg g lg gtdùsb`rg. Lgs fcrdgs vnm`ft`s
`f `l Qgäs k` utnlnzginùf k` lg dçqunfg pckrägf p`knr
lg r`iup`rginùf y r`inilgh` k`l mgs r`brnm`rgft`.
Knrähgs` g tîifnics `sp`inglnzgkcs kctgkcs k`
`qunpcs gprcpngkcs.
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?=;/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG =5
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
Icftrcl y lndpn`zg icfk`fsgkcr
NDQC_[GF[@ G
Yn `l icfk`fsgkcr `stç duy suinc, lädpn`lc icf uf
i`pnllc qu` fc s`g k`dgsngkc kurc pgrg fc kg÷gr c
kcolgr lgs gl`tgs.
IGKG 01 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?=0/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG =>
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
Icftrcl `in`fing icdpr`scr mgs r`brnm`rgft`
IGKG 7111 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?=2/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 51
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
Icftrcl y r`mulginùf t`fsnùf icrr`g icdpr`scr
Q@LNM_C
Blunkc oghc pr`snùf. Nft`rv`fmg sclc `f r`lginùf
g lgs nfstruiincf`s intgkgs goghc: iuglqun`r ctrg G
cp`rginùf k`o`rç s`r icfgkg g p`rscfgl tîifnic
`sp`inglnzgkc y kctgkc k` `qunpcs gprcpngkcs.
G[@FINÙF
Pfg icrr`g
pu`k` igusgrqu`
ufg fc `stç t`fsgkg
knsdnfuinùf icrr`itgd`ft`
k`l r`fkndn`ftc k`l
icdpr`scr, y tgdonîf kg÷cs g lg icrr`g y gl dnsdc
O
icdpr`scr.
@
I
K@F[_C K@ LGY
Q_ND@_GY 01 EC_GY K
IGKG 011 EC_GY
IPGFKC F@I@YG_NC
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 57
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
DC[C_ KN@Y@L
@st` igpätulc sudnfnstrg tckgs lgs nfbcrdgincf`s r`lgtnvgs
gl dgft`fndn`ftc k`l dctcr kn`s`l, t`fn`fkc `f
` f iu`ftg lg
nfstglginùf `sp`iäig y lg iclciginùf k`l dctcr scor` lg
dçqunfg.
@l dgfugl k`sirno` tckgs lgs cp`rgincf`s k`
dgft`fndn`ftc y/c r`pgrginùf qu` `stçf k`ftrc k`l lädnt`
k` lgs ?111 ecrgs. Lgs cp`rgincf`s qu`, `f igdonc,
f`i`sntgf lg pr`s`fing k` tîifnics `sp`inglnzgkcs,
lg p`rdgf`fing k` lg dçqunfg `f uf tgll`r gutcrnzgkc
c qu`, `f iuglqun`r igsc, fc f`i`sntgf pgrtniulgr`s
nfbcrdgincf`s k`sirnptnvgs, `stçf prcpu`stgs `f `l
dgfugl `sp`iäic k`l dctcr gkhuftc gl pr`s`ft`.
Lg lnstg g icftnfuginùf nfknig lgs cp`rgincf`s qu`
p`rt`f`i`f g lg s`mufkg tnpclcmäg8
NDQC_[GF[@
@l Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftgs YCNLD@I qu`kg g su icdpl`tg
knspcsninùf pgrg sudnfnstrgrl` tckgs lgs nfknigincf`s
f`i`sgrngs pgrg lg nfd`kngtg knspcfnonlnkgk k`l
_@R@FK@KC_ c k`l [GLL@_ GP[C_NXGKC
IPDDNFY dçs i`rigfc, icf r`lginùf g pcsnol`s pcsnol`s
nft`rv`fincf`s k` r`pgrginùf y/c dgft`fndn`ftc
qu` f`i`snt`f lg pr`s`fing k` Q`rscfgl [îifnic
@sp`inglnzgkc, tgftc `f `l p`räckc k` mgrgftäg icdc
`f `l p`rnckc k` pcst-mgrgftäg k` lg dçqunfg.
NDQC_[GF[@
[ckgs lgs llgdgkgs k` Gsnst`fing [îifnig IPDDNFY
k`o`f s`r gicdpg÷gkgs k`l Fød`rc k` _`b`r`fing k`l
dctcr,, ndpr`sc `f lg r`lgtnvg tgrh`tg k` nk`ftniginùf.
dctcr
@f `l igsc `f qu` knieg tgrh`tg `stî iclcigkg `f ufg
zcfg k` knbäinl gii`sc pnkg lg _`b`r`fing gl Y`rvninc
Qcsv`ftg YCNLD@I.
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?=5/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 5?
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
K@QÙYN[C IG_OP_GF[@
Kngrngd`ft` gl nfninc
icftrcl k`l fnv`l k`l trgoghc `s f`i`sgrnc prci`k`r
k` igrourgft`. prci`k `r gl
Fcrdgld`ft`, `l gogst`indn`ftc s` k`o` `b`itugr gl fgl
k`l trgoghc: pcr lc tgftc, gl nfninc k`l trgoghc, lg dçqunfg
k`o` `stgr `f icfkninùf k` “LL@FC—.
Yn`dpr` qu`, kurgft` lg bgs` sui`snvg g lg pu`stg `f G
dgrieg c kurgft` `l bufincfgdn`ftc k` lg dçqunfg, lg luz
k` gvnsc G `dpn`i` g k`st`llgr s`÷glgfkc ufg icfkninùf
k` r`s`rvg, s`rç f`i`sgrnc r`ll`fgr `l k`pùsntc k`ftrc `l
lädnt` dçxndc k` 7 ecrg.
@l k`pùsntc tn`f` gprcxndgkgd`ft` ufg igpginkgk k`
901 lntrcs.
NDQC_[GF[@
Fc t`rdnf` icdpl`tgd`ft` `l icdoustnol` k`l
k`pùsntc. @stc
prci`kndn`ftc prcvcigräg
k` purmg k`l gnr`f`i`sgrngd`ft` `l
k` lg nfstglginùf k`
glnd`ftginùf.
IGKG 71 EC_GY
GL NFNINC K@L [_GOGHC
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 59
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
Gogst`indn`ftc icf `l`itrcocdog
NDQC_[GF[@
Ps` igrourgft` k`igftgkc. G
lg tcrr`tg.
G[@FINÙF I
Lg `l`itrcocdog `stç glnd`ftgkg knr`itgd`ft`
pcr lgs ogt`rägs icf `l dctcr colnmgtcrngd`ft`
gpgmgkc. @s nfknsp`fsgol`, pcr lc tgftc, t`f`r
sn`dpr` lgs ogt`rägs `f icfknincf`s k` igrmg
ùptndgs. Yn`dpr` qu` egyg prcol`dgs k` ogt`rägs O
mgstgkgs, s` gicfs`hg r`igrmgrlgs c prci`k`r icf `l
gogst`indn`ftc dgfugl.
NDQC_[GF[@
@b`itø` `l gogst`indn`ftc gl fgl k` lg hcrfgkg k`
trgoghc pgrg `vntgr lg bcrdginùf k` icfk`fsginùf
kurgft` lg pgrgkg fciturfg.
IGKG 71 EC_GY
GL BNFGL K@L [_GOGHC
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?51/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 5;
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
Lndpn`zg ltrc tuoc `l`itrcocdog
Q@LNM_C
Fc us` fufig mgsclnfg, sclv`ft`s u ctrcs unkcs
nfgdgol`s pgrg lg lndpn`zg k` pgrtniulgr`s.
Ptnlni` knsclv`ft`s icd`ringl`s ecdclcmgkcs fc
nfgdgol`s y gtùxnics.
IGKG ?01 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?57/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 50
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
Gogst`indn`ftc pcr `l tgpùf k` r`ll`fc
Q@LNM_C
Fc d`zil` mgsclnfg c glicecl gl mgscnl. @stg d`zilg G
pu`k` prcvcigr `xplcsncf`s.
`xplcsncf`s.
@f `l igsc `f qu` `l snst`dg k` gogst`indn`ftc icf
`l`itrcocdog r`sult` gv`rngkc y `l cp`rgkcr pu`kg
utnlnzgr ufg ocdog `xt`rncr, `l gogst`indn`ftc pu`k`
`b`itugrs` s`møf lgs snmun`ft`s nfknigincf`s.
- _`kuzig
gligfzg `llglädnt`
nftrckuiinùf k` igrourgft`
dçxndc pgrg iugfkc
`vntgr qu` sglmg pcrs`
lg
ocig.
- K`spuîs k`l r`ll`fc, vu`lvg g iclcigr `l tgpùf O.
- @lndnf` iunkgkcsgd`ft` tckgs trgzgs k` igrourgft` O
k` lg zcfg k` nftrckuiinùf.
NDQC_[GF[@
@b`itø` `l gogst`indn`ftc gl fgl k` lg hcrfgkg k`
trgoghc pgrg `vntgr lg bcrdginùf k` icfk`fsginùf
kurgft` lg pgrgkg fciturfg.
IGKG 71 EC_GY
GL BNFGL K@L [_GOGHC
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 52
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
Lndpn`zg ltrc tgpùf k` r`ll`fc
Gtîfmgs` g lgs
lgs snmun`ft`s nfstruiincf`s8
nfstruiincf`s8
- Wunt` `l tgpùf G.
- K`s`frcsqu` tckcs lcs tcrfnllcs k` hginùf.
- @xtrgnmg lg ocig I y `l ltrc O.
- Iuorg nfd`kngtgd`ft` lg gp`rturg k`l k`pùsntc k`
dgf`rg s`murg.
- Lgv` `l ltrc O icf uf k`t`rm`ft` icdøf.
- Y`qu` `l ltrc icf gnr` icdprndnkc (dçx. ? ogr).
- Icdpru`o` `l ou`f r`sultgkc k` lg cp`rginùf
gi`rigfkc ufg bu`ft` ludnfcsg k`trçs k`l ltrc.
- Ru`lvg g iclcigr `l ltrc O y lg ocig I.
- Gprn`t` tckcs lcs tcrfnllcs.
- Gprn`t` `l tgpùf G.
O
I
IPGFKC F@I@YG_NC
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?59/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 5=
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
K`sigrmg s`knd`ftcs k` icfk`fsginùf
IGKG 71 EC_GY
GL NFNINC K@L [_GOGHC
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?5;/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 55
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
NFY[GLGINÙF K@ GLND@F[GINÙF IG_OP_GF[@
Q@LNM_C
@lndnf` nfd`kngtgd`ft`, `f iugftc ciurrg, iuglqun`r
pîrknkg k` icdoustnol` qu` pukn`rg prckuinr
nfi`fkncs.
igrourgft`.
Pf iunkgkcsc dgft`fndn`ftc k` lcs tuocs r`pr`s`ftg uf
bgitcr duy ndpcrtgft` pgrg mgrgftnzgr uf bufincfgdn`ftc
`in`ft`, `icfùdnic y s`murc k`l dctcr y k` sus
`qunpcs.
IGKG 01 EC_GY
`l `xt`rncr
r`vnsnùf k` lg y/c
m`f`rgl dçqunfg s` sustntunrçf
k`spuîs `f s`k`
k` uf p`rnckc icfk`
dçxndc lg
infic g÷cs k` trgoghc.
IPGFKC F@I@YG_NC
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?50/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 5>
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
K`sigrmg s`knd`ftcs k` icfk`fsginùf ltrc
s`pgrgkcr
IGKG 71 EC_GY
GL NFNINC K@L [_GOGHC
K@F[_C K@ LGY
Q_ND@_GY 01 EC_GY
IGKG ?01 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?52/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG >1
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
Yustntuinùf igrtuiec bltrc igrourgft`
IGKG ?01 EC_GY
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG >7
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
Qurmg k` gnr` k`l snst`dg k` glnd`ftginùf
NDQC_[GF[@ G
@b`itø` lg purmg dgfugl `f lcs snmun`ft`s igscs8
- Fc s` egyg ll`fgkc k` igrourgft`
igrourgft` `l ltrc gft`s k`
k`
su nfstglginùf.
- Yustntuinùf k` lg ocdog
ocdog k` nfy`iinùf.
nfy`iinùf.
- Gchgdn`ftc k` lcs rgicr`s k` lcs tuocs k`
glnd`ftginùf igrourgft` k` gltg pr`snùf.
- Qrnd`rg pu`stg `f dgrieg k`l dctcr c pu`stg
`f dgrieg k`spuîs k` uf lgrmc p`rnckc k`
nfgitnvnkgk.
- Rgingkc icdpl`tc k`l igrourgft` icft`fnkc `f `l
k`pùsntc k` lg dçqunfg.
-- Gii`kg
Gorg `l igpù k`igrourgf
gl ltrc nfsp`iinùf
t` OG. .
igrourgft`
- Iclcqu` uf r`inpn`ft` pcr k`oghc pgrg r`icm`r
`v`ftugl`s pîrknkgs k` igrourgft`.
- Gch` lg vçlvulg k` purmg iclcigkg scor` `l ltrc O
s`pgrgkcr I.
- @dpn`i` g pr`sncfgr y k`hgr lg ocdontg dgfugl K
egstg qu` k`l tcrfnllc k` purmg fc `dpn`i` g sglnr
igrourgft` snf ourouhgs k` gnr`.
- Gprn`t` lg vçlvulg k` purmg.
- Qrci`kg icf lg pu`stg `f dgrieg k`l dctcr.
IPGFKC F@I@YG_NC
I
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?55/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG >?
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
YNY[@DG K@ GYQN_GINÙF K@L GN_@
- Icdpru`o` lg `stgfqu`nkgk
ickcs k` mcdg k` k`
k` lg nfstglginùf lcs gspnrginùf
tuocs y k`y lcs
k`
ltrginùf k`l gnr`.
- Icdpru`o` lg `stgfqu`nkgk k` lcs tuocs k` nkg y
vu`ltg.
- Icftrcl` qu` tckgs lgs gorgzgk`rgs `stîf on`f
gpr`tgkgs.
- @f igsc k` pîrknkgs k` lg nfstglginùf, prci`kg icf
lg nfd`kngtg sustntuinùf k` lcs `l`d`ftcs kg÷gkcs.
IGKG 011 EC_GY
G
G[@FINÙF
@l bufincfgdn`ftc icrr`itc k`l pr`ltrc k`p`fk` k`
lg iclciginùf icrr`itg k` lg vçlvulg k` k`sigrmg. @s
duy ndpcrtgft` qu` îstg `stî dcftgkg icrr`itgd`ft`
y qu` fc `stî costrunkg. O
I
K
IGKG 711 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?5>/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG >9
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
Yustntuinùf `l`d`ftc ltrgft` ltrc k`l gnr`
- Gii`kg gl pgf`l k` nfsp`iinùf G, gch` tckcs lcs
pcdcs k` in`rr` y k`sdcft` `l pgf`l sup`rncr.
- Wunt` lgs gorgzgk`rgs k` scpcrt` k`l `l`d`ftc
ltrgft` gchgfkc lcs r`lgtnvcs tcrfnllcs.
- @xtrgnmg `l `l`d`ftc ltrgft` O.
- Lndpn` lg s`k` k`l `l`d`ftc ltrgft` O.
- Iclcqu` uf `l`d`ftc ltrgft` O fu`vc.
- Ru`lvg g iclcigr lgs gorgzgk`rgs k` scpcrt`.
G[@FINÙF
@l `l`d`ftc ltrgft` costrunkc
costrunkc s` k`o` sustntunr. Fc
nft`ft` lndpngr c lgvgr `l igrtuiec pgrg utnlnzgrlc k`
fu`vc. G
G[@FINÙF
Ndpnkg lg p`f`trginùf k` iu`rpcs `xtrg÷cs `f
`l icl`itcr k` gspnrginùf kurgft` lg sustntuinùf
k`l `l`d`ftc ltrgft`. Ptnlni` ufg tgpgk`rg rämnkg
gk`iugkg.
G[@FINÙF O
Lg s`÷glnzginùf k` lg luz k` gvnsc I nfknig lg
costruiinùf k`l `l`d`ftc ltrgft`. Nft`rv`fmg
nfd`kngtgd`ft` icf lg sustntuinùf. @f icfknincf`s
k` bufincfgdn`ftc fcrdgl fc `sp`r` lg s`÷glnzginùf
pgrg `b`itugr lgs nft`rv`fincf`s y r`sp`t` lcs plgzcs
s`÷glgkcs goghc.
IGKG ?111 EC_GY I
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG >;
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
NFY[GLGINÙF K@ LPO_NIGINÙF
G[@FINÙF
@l `fi`fknkc k` lg luz k` gvnsc I nfknig ufg icfkninùf G
k` fnv`l nfsuin`ft`. Nft`rv`fmg nfd`kngtgd`ft`
icf `l icftrcl y, sn bu`rg f`i`sgrnc, `l r`ll`fc. @f
icfknincf`s k` bufincfgdn`ftc fcrdgl fc `sp`r`
lg s`÷glnzginùf pgrg `b`itugr lgs nft`rv`fincf`s y
r`sp`t` lcs plgzcs s`÷glgkcs goghc.
NDQC_[GF[@
@l icftrcl k`l fnv`l s` `b`itøg icf dçqunfg `f
icfmurginùf k` trgoghc scor` uf t`rr`fc llgfc, icf
`l gi`nt` igln`ft`, k`spuîs k` ufcs ?1 dnfutcs k` lg
pgrgkg k`l dctcr.
dctcr.
IGKG 71 EC_GY I
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG >0
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
_`stgol`indn`ftc fnv`l k` gi`nt`
Q@LNM_C
Fc k`h` fufig bufincfgr `l dctcr `f uf `spginc G
i`rrgkc snf gnr`ginùf.
¡Lcs mgs`s k` `sigp` scf fcinvcs!
IPGFKC F@I@YG_NC
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?>?/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG >2
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
Yustntuinùf gi`nt`
Q@LNM_C
Fc k`h` fufig bufincfgr `l dctcr `f uf `spginc
i`rrgkc snf gnr`ginùf.
¡Lcs mgs`s k` `sigp` scf fcinvcs!
NDQC_[GF[@
@b`itø` lg k`sigrmg k`l gi`nt` iugfkc `stç igln`ft` y
lgs sustgfings icftgdnfgft`s `stçf `f susp`fsnùf.
K@F[_C K@ LGY
Q_ND@_GY 01 EC_GY
IGKG ?01 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?>9/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG >=
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
Yustntuinùf igrtuiec ltrc k` gi`nt`
K@F[_C K@ LGY
Q_ND@_GY 01 EC_GY
IGKG ?01 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?>;/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG >5
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
NFY[GLGINÙF K@ @FB_NGDN@F[C
Q@LNM_C
Fc qunt` `l tgpùf k`l rgkngkcr icf `l dctcr igln`ft`:
`sp`r` qu` lg t`dp`rgturg ogh` pcr k`oghc k` 01±I.
@f igsc icftrgrnc, lg t`dp`rgturg `l`vgkg k` lg
d`zilg r`brnm`rgft` vgpcrnzgkg c k`l vgpcr pckräg
igusgr mrgv`s l`sncf`s p`rscfgl`s. Wunt` `l tgpùf
l`ftgd`ft` pgrg `lndnfgr mrgkugld`ft` lg pr`snùf O
k` lg nfstglginùf.
- Gpgmu` `l dctcr.
- Gorg `l pgf`l icf onsgmrgs sup`rncr G. G
- K`s`frcsqu`
mrgkugld`ft` lgl`ftgd`ft`
pr`snùf. `l tgpùf O pgrg `lndnfgr
- Icdpru`o` `l fnv`l k` lg d`zilg k` `fbrngdn`ftc g
trgvîs k`l tgpùf O y, sn r`sultg `sigsc, prci`kg icf
`l r`ll`fc.
G[@FINÙF
@l `fi`fknkc k` lg luz k` gvnsc I c lg s`÷glnzginùf
k`l t`rdùd`trc K nfknig uf scor`igl`ftgdn`ftc k` lg
d`zilg k` `fbrngdn`ftc. Nft`rv`fmg nfd`kngtgd`ft`
icf `l icftrcl, uf `v`ftugl r`ll`fc k`l fnv`l y lg K
lndpn`zg `xt`rncr k`l rgkngkcr.
rgkngkcr. @f icfknincf`s
icfknincf`s k`
bufincfgdn`ftc fcrdgl, r`sp`t` `l plgzc nfknigkc I
goghc.
IGKG 71 EC_GY
@FI@FKNKC LPX K@ GRNYC
GRNYC
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG >>
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
_`stgol`indn`ftc fnv`l d`zilg k` `fbrngdn`ftc
Q@LNM_C
Gft`s k` quntgr `l tgpùf k`l rgkngkcr `sp`r` qu`
lg t`dp`rgturg k` lg d`zilg r`brnm`rgft` ogh` pcr O
k`oghc k` 01¸I. @f igsc icftrgrnc, lg t`dp`rgturg
`l`vgkg k` lg d`zilg r`brnm`rgft` vgpcrnzgkg c k`l
vgpcr pckräg igusgr mrgv`s l`sncf`s p`rscfgl`s.
Q@LNM_C
Fc k`h` fufig bufincfgr `l dctcr `f uf `spginc
i`rrgkc snf gnr`ginùf.
¡Lcs mgs`s k` `sigp` scf fcinvcs!
IPGFKC F@I@YG_NC
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?>2/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 711
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
K`sigrmg d`zilg k` `fbrngdn`ftc
Q@LNM_C
Gft`s k` quntgr `l tgpùf k`l rgkngkcr `sp`r` qu`
lg t`dp`rgturg k` lg d`zilg r`brnm`rgft` ogh` pcr O
k`oghc k` 01¸I. @f igsc icftrgrnc, lg t`dp`rgturg
`l`vgkg k` lg d`zilg r`brnm`rgft` vgpcrnzgkg c k`l
vgpcr pckräg igusgr mrgv`s l`sncf`s p`rscfgl`s.
IGKG ?111 EC_GY
K
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?>=/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 717
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
Lgvgkc nfstglginùf k` `fbrngdn`ftc
NDQC_[GF[@
Ps` 1,0 jm k` onigrocfgtc k` scknc pcr ?9 lntrcs k`
gmug.
IGKG ?111 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?>5/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 71?
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
_`ll`fc nfstglginùf k` `fbrngdn`ftc
IGKG ?111 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 ?>>/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 719
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
Icftrcl y lndpn`zg rgkngkcr
K
G[@FINÙF
@l `fsuingdn`ftc k` lg dgsg rgkngft` k`p`fk` k`l I
gdon`ft` `xt`rncr pclvcrn`ftc y k` lg pr`s`fing k`
giudulgincf`s k` gi`nt` y icdoustnol` `f lg zcfg
k`l dctcr. Y` r`icdn`fkg pcr lc tgftc, `f pr`s`fing
k` gdon`ft`s duy pclvcrn`ftcs, k` `lndnfgr `f lc
pcsnol` tckgs lgs `v`ftugl`s giudulgincf`s k`
gi`nt` y k` icdoustnol`.
G[@FINÙF
@l `fi`fknkc k` lg luz k` gvnsc I c lg s`÷glnzginùf
k`l t`rdùd`trc K nfknig uf scor`igl`ftgdn`ftc k` lg
d`zilg k` `fbrngdn`ftc. Nft`rv`fmg nfd`kngtgd`ft`
icf `l icftrcl, uf `v`ftugl r`ll`fc k`l fnv`l y lg
lndpn`zg `xt`rncr k`l rgkngkcr.
rgkngkcr. @f icfknincf`s
icfknincf`s k`
bufincfgdn`ftc fcrdgl, r`sp`t` `l plgzc nfknigkc
goghc.
IGKG 01 EC_GY
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 71;
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
NFY[GLGINÙF @LÎI[_NIG DC[C_
Q@LNM_C
Fc nft`ft` fufig icftrclgr c r`mulgr lg icrr`g icf O
`l dctcr `fi`fknkc. Fc d`tg lgs dgfcs c lg igo`zg
i`rig k` lgs icrr`gs c k`l v`ftnlgkcr.
IPGFKC F@I@YG_NC
I
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 917/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 710
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
NFY[GLGINÙF @LÎI[_NIG
OG[@_ÄGY
I - Glt`rfgkcr
- Icftrcl y r`mulginùf t`fsnùf k` lgs icrr`gs
- Icftrcl y suh`inùf k` t`rdnfgl`s y icf`xncf`s.
O O
IGKG 011 EC_GY
I
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 91?/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 712
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
Gpr`tgdn`ftc y lndpn`zg ocrf`s
G[@FINÙF
Rclvn`fkc g icf`itgr lcs igol`s, icdpru`o` lg
pclgrnkgk icrr`itg `ftr` `l ocrf` y `l `l`itrckc
`l`itrckc k` lg
ogt`räg. Fc icrtcinriunt` lcs ocrf`s `ftr` `llcs.
`l lcs.
G[@FINÙF
Fc k`sicf`it` fufig `l nft`rruptcr m`f`rgl icf `l
dctcr `f dgrieg. @stc pckräg igusgr kg÷cs mrgv`s
gl dctcr.
I
IGKG 011 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 919/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 71=
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
Icftrcl y r`stgol`indn`ftc fnv`l `l`itrclntc
NDQC_[GF[@
Icdpru`o` sn`dpr` qu` lcs tgpcf`s k` purmg `stîf
` stîf
icrr`itgd`ft` iclcigkcs y gpr`tgkcs. Lgs ogt`rägs
k` oghc dgft`fndn`ftc fc f`i`sntgf k` lg dnsdg
gsnst`fing k` lgs icfv`fincfgl`s. O
I
IGKG 711 EC_GY
(OG[@_ÄGY ICFR@FINCFGL@Y)
IGKG ?01 EC_GY
(OG[@_ÄGY K@ OGHC DGF[@FNDN@F[C)
K`fsnkgk
@stgkc k` igrmg
Fcrdgl [rcpnigl
7.?5 7.?9 Igrmg icrr`itg
7.?1 7.7? Igrmg gl 01%
Ogt`räg
7.7? 7.15 k`sigrmgkg
IGKG ?01 EC_GY
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 715
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
Yustntuinùf ogt`rägs
O K K
IPGFKC F@I@YG_NC
I
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 910/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 71>
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
NFY[GLGINÙF ENK_ÇPLNIG
K@QÙYN[C GI@N[@ ENK_ÇPLNIC
G[@FINÙF G
@l `v`ftugl `fi`fknkc k` lg luz k` gvnsc
gv nsc K nfknig uf
fnv`l nfsuin`ft` k` gi`nt` enkrçulnic. Nft`rv`fmg I
nfd`kngtgd`ft` icf `l icftrcl y uf `v`ftugl r`ll`fc.
@f icfknincf`s
icfknincf`s k` bufincfgdn`ftc fcrdgl r`sp`t`
`l plgzc nfknigkc goghc snf `sp`rgr `l `fi`fknkc k`
lg luz k` gvnsc.
NDQC_[GF[@
@b`itø` `l icftrcl k`l fnv`l icf lg dçqunfg `f
icfmurginùf k` trgoghc scor` uf t`rr`fc llgfc y `l
gi`nt` g t`dp`rgturg gdon`ft`. K
IGKG 71 EC_GY
GL NFNINC K@L [_GOGHC
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7
771
71
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
_`stgol`indn`ftc fnv`l k` gi`nt` pcr `l`itrcocdog
IPGFKC F@I@YG_NC
I
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 91=/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7
77
77
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
Lndpn`zg ltrc tuoc `l`itrcocdog
Q@LNM_C
Fc us` fufig mgsclnfg, sclv`ft`s u ctrcs unkcs
nfgdgol`s pgrg lg lndpn`zg k` pgrtniulgr`s.
Ptnlni` knsclv`ft`s icd`ringl`s ecdclcmgkcs fc
nfgdgol`s y gtùxnics.
IGKG ?01 EC_GY
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7
77?
7?
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
_`stgol`indn`ftc fnv`l k` gi`nt` pcr `l ltrc
NDQC_[GF[@
@l r`stgol`indn`ftc k`l fnv`l k`o` s`r `b`itugkc O
icf lg dçqunfg `f icfmurginùf k` trgoghc scor`
uf t`rr`fc llgfc. [rgogh` icf lg dçxndg lndpn`zg,
`vntgfkc qu` suin`kgk ` ndpur`zgs s` nftrckuzigf
`f `l k`pùsntc.
IPGFKC F@I@YG_NC
K
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 91>/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7
779
79
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
Yustntuinùf gi`nt` enkrçulnic
K@F[_C K@ LGY
Q_ND@_GY 011 EC_GY
IGKG ?111 EC_GY
IGKG 71 EC_GY
GL NFNINC K@L [_GOGHC
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 971/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7
77;
7;
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
Yustntuinùf `l`d`ftc ltrgft` ltrc k` gi`nt`
G[@FINÙF
@l `l`d`ftc ltrgft` costrunkc
costrunkc s` k`o` sustntunr. Fc
nft`ft` lndpngr c lgvgr `l igrtuiec pgrg r`utnlnzgrlc.
G[@FINÙF O
@l `v`ftugl `fi`fknkc k` lg luz k` gvnsc @ nfknig
lg costruiinùf k`l `l`d`ftc ltrgft`. Nft`rv`fmg K
nfd`kngtgd`ft` icf lg sustntuinùf. @f icfknincf`s
k` bufincfgdn`ftc fcrdgl, `b`itø` lg nft`rv`finùf
s`møf `l plgzc nfknigkc goghc snf `sp`rgr `l
`fi`fknkc k` lg luz k` gvnsc.
K@F[_C K@ LGY
Q_ND@_GY 01 EC_GY
K
IGKG ?01 EC_GY
I
@FI@FKNKC LPX K@ GRNYC
GRNYC
@
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 977/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7
770
70
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
Yustntuinùf igrtuiec k` purmg gnr`
K@F[_C K@ LGY
Q_ND@_GY 01 EC_GY
IGKG ?01 EC_GY
O
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 97?/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7
772
72
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
ICF[_CL @Y[GFWP@NKGK _GIC_@Y ^ [POCY
Q@LNM_C
[`fmg lg dçqunfg icf `l dctcr `fi`fknkc sclc kurgft`
lg cos`rvginùf, ll`vgfkc mgbgs icf prct`iincf`s
lgt`rgl`s. Nft`rv`fmg `f `l puftc lciglnzgkc sclc icf
lg dçqunfg icf `l dctcr gpgmgkc.
IGKG ?01 EC_GY
Q@LNM_C
Lg utnlnzginùf k` tuocs `xnol`s fc icfbcrd` icf lgs
`sp`inigincf`s tîifnigs YCNLD@I `s gltgd`ft`
p`lnmrcsc. @l icfstruitcr YCNLD@I k`ilnfg
iuglqun`r r`spcfsgonlnkgk pcr kg÷cs g p`rscfgs y/c
icsgs k`onkcs g lg fc cos`rvginùf k` `stg r`mlg k`
icdpcrtgdn`ftc.
IPGFKC F@I@YG_NC
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7
77=
7=
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
ICF[_CL ^ _@MPLGINÙF Q_@YNCF@Y
ENK_ÇPLNIGY K@ [_GOGHC
NDQC_[GF[@
Qgrg iuglqun`r nfbcrdginùf r`lgtnvg gl snst`dg k`
icftrcl Krnllnfm
dgfugl qu` Dgt` Yyst`d,
gicdpg÷g icfsult` `l r`lgtnvc
lg dçqunfg.
G[@FINÙF G
Fc glt`r` y fc nft`rv`fmg `f lgs tcdgs k` pr`snùf `f
fnfmøf igsc.
Dgftîfmglgs icfstgft`d`ft` lndpngs.
IPGFKC F@I@YG_NC
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 97;/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7
775
75
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
ICF[_CL ^ LNDQN@XG _GKNGKC_ GI@N[@
Q@LNM_C
Iugfkc s` utnlnzg uf knspcsntnvc k` lgvgkc icf vgpcr,
vgpcr,
pùfmgs` rcpg k` prct`iinùf. @l vgpcr igln`ft` pu`k`
pu`k` G
igusgr mrgv`s l`sncf`s p`rscfgl`s.
G[@FINÙF
@l `v`ftugl `fi`fknkc k` lg luz k` gvnsc I nfknig uf
scor`igl`ftgdn`ftc k`l gi`nt` enkrçulnic. Nft`rv`fmg
nfd`kngtgd`ft` icf `l icftrcl y lg lndpn`zg k`l
rgkngkcr. @f icfknincf`s k` bufincfgdn`ftc
fcrdgl fc `sp`r` lg s`÷glnzginùf pgrg `b`itugr
lgs nft`rv`fincf`s y r`sp`t` lcs plgzcs s`÷glgkcs
goghc.
I
G[@FINÙF
@l `fsuingdn`ftc k` lg dgsg rgkngft` k`p`fk` k`l
gdon`ft` `xt`rncr pclvcrn`ftc y k` lg pr`s`fing k`
trgzgs k` gi`nt` y icdoustnol` `f lg zcfg k`l dctcr. Y`
r`icdn`fkg, pcr lc tgftc, `f pr`s`fing k` gdon`ft`s
duy pclvcrn`ftcs, k` `lndnfgr `f lc pcsnol` tckgs lgs
`v`ftugl`s trgzgs k` gi`nt` y icdoustnol`.
IGKG 01 EC_GY
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7
77>
7>
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
IGO_@Y[GF[@Y
Lg dçqunfg `stç prcvnstg k` uf igor`stgft` G
(Q_NFINQGL)
(Q_NFINQ GL) k` k`si`fsc icftrclgkc y k` uf igor`stgft`
O (GPUNLNG_) k` igäkg lnor` iclcigkcs `f lg pgrt` G
i`ftrgl k` lg tcrr`tg: `l prnd`rc s` utnlnzg `xilusnvgd`ft`
pgrg mungr lg ogrrg j`lly, `l s`mufkc pgrg cp`rgincf`s
k` s`rvninc.
Igor`stgft` Ynmlg
prnfinpgl Y]-790
guxnlngr [DR?/>1-?_-97[DG
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7?1
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
IGO_@Y[GF[@ Q_NFINQGL
- In`rr`
tgpùf I`l. tgpùf O y vu`lvg g iclcigr y gpr`tgr `l
O
IGKG ?01 EC_GY
Yustntuinùf gi`nt`
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 97=/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7?7
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
@fmrgs` ichnf`t` scpcrt` tgdocr
IGKG ?01 EC_GY
G
O
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 975/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7??
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
Icftrcl y r`mulginùf pr`snùf rcknllc pr`fsgigol`
IGKG 011 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 97>/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7?9
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
IGO_@Y[GF[@ GPUNLNG_
IGKG ?01 EC_GY O
Yustntuinùf gi`nt`
K@F[_C K@ LGY
Q_ND@_GY ?01 EC_GY
IGKG 7111 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 9?1/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7?;
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
DÇY[NL
@FM_GY@ IGYWPNLLCY Q@_FCY
IGKG 01 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 9?7/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7?0
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
@FM_GY@ IGYWPNLLCY INLNFK_CY
IGKG 01 EC_GY
IGKG 71-01 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 9??/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7?2
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
QCL@GY
Icftrcl k`smgst`
IGKG ?01 EC_GY
Luorniginùf
D`kngft` lg ocdog k` `fmrgs` G `f kctginùf, nfy`it`
mrgsg `f igftnkgk øtnl `f lcs `fmrgsgkcr`s k` lgs G
snmun`ft`s pcl`gs8
IGKG 711 EC_GY
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7?=
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
Yustntuinùf
Q@LNM_C
Q@LNM_C
[rgoghgr sn`fkc icfsin`ft` k` `stgr usgfkc
pcl`gs mgstgkgs y/c kg÷gkgs `s duy p`lnmrcsc.
Yustntuyg nfd`kngtgd`ft` lg pcl`g mgstgkg y/c
kg÷gkg. @l icfstruitcr YCNLD@I k`ilnfg iuglqun`r G
r`spcfsgonlnkgk pcr kg÷cs g p`rscfgs y/c icsgs
k`onkcs gl usc k` pcl`gs mgstgkgs y/c kg÷gkgs.
IPGFKC F@I@YG_NC
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 9?;/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7?5
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
ICF[_CL ^ GHPY[@ HP@MC G_[NIPLGINÙF
DÇY[NL
G[@FINÙF K
K
Fc gprn`t` k`dgsngkc lcs tcrfnllcs y icdpru`o`
`l dcvndn`ftc icrr`itc k`l dçstnl giincfgfkc lcs
inlnfkrcs k` nfilnfginùf.
K@F[_C K@ LGY
Q_ND@_GY 011 EC_GY
IGKG ?111 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 9?0/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7?>
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
IGOL@Y
ICF[_CL K@YMGY[@
IGKG 71 EC_GY
LNDQN@XG ^ LPO_NIGINÙF
IPGFKC F@I@YG_NC
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 791
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
YPY[N[PINÙF
Q@LNM_C
Ptnlni` `xilusnvgd`ft` igol`s crnmnfgl`s YCNLD@I
icrr`spcfkn`ft`s g lg fcrdg NYC ;91>. YCNLD@I
Ypg k`ilnfg iuglqun`r r`spcfsgonlnkgk pcr kg÷cs g
p`rscfgs y/c icsgs k`onkcs g lg fc cos`rvginùf k`
`stg r`mlg k` icdpcrtgdn`ftc.
Q@LNM_C G
Gft`s k` ll`vgr `l dçstnl k` lg pcsninùf v`rtnigl g lg
ecrnzcftgl `s f`i`sgrnc k`sdcftgr icdpl`tgd`ft`
lcs `l`d`ftcs bufincfgl`s k` lg dçqunfg,
icdc s` k`sirno` `f k`tgll` `f lg Y`iinùf I
“BPFINCFGDN@F[C
“BPFINCFGDN@F[ C ^ PYC—. 9
@stç gosclutgd`ft` prcenonkc prci`k`r icf `l ?
k`splgzgdn`ftc k`l dçstnl `f icfknincf`s k`
dçqunfg `qunpgkg.
YCNLD@I Ypg k`ilnfg iuglqun`r r`spcfsgonlnkgk
pcr kg÷cs g p`rscfgs y/c icsgs k`onkcs g lg fc
cos`rvginùf k` `stg r`mlg k` icdpcrtgdn`ftc.
- e`rrgdn`ftg,
Icf `l dçstnl vçstgmc j`llyv`rtnigl,
`f pcsninùf y `l`d`ftc k` `f
pcfmg rctginùf.
dgrieg
`l dctcr kn`s`l y dgftîfmglc g uf rîmnd`f k`
r`vcluincf`s däfndc.
I O
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 797
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
- Ogh` icdpl`tgd`ft` lg d`sg rctgtcrng I y iclcqu` `l
dçstnl `f pcsninùf ecrnzcftgl.
- Iclcqu` ufg oconfg K vgiäg `f `l `frcllgkcr @
y `dpn`i` g `frcllgr dgfugld`ft` `l igol` O K
k`sicf`itgkc k`l `l`d`ftc k` rctginùf.
- Icft`dpcrçf`gd`ft` k`sk` `l pu`stc k` dgfkc
`dpn`i` g k`s`frcllgr `l igol` O egstg qu` `f `l @
tgdocr k`l igor`stgft` G fc qu`k`f dçs `strgtcs.
- Rgyg g lg zcfg k` pgsc y k`sicf`it` `l `xtr`dc k`l
igol` O k`l knspcsntnvc k` olcqu`c B k`l igor`stgft`
G.
- @frcll` icdpl`tgd`ft` `l igol` O `f lg oconfg K
eginîfkclc sglnr k` lgs pcl`gs 7-?-9.
- K`sdcft` lg oconfg K k`l `frcllgkcr @.
- Qr`pgr` uf igol` O fu`vc qu` pu`k` s`r `ftr`mgkc
pcr `l Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftgs YCNLD@I `f oconfgs ( M)
c `f rcllcs (E).
- Iclcqu` lg oconfg vgiäg M `f `l `frcllgkcr @ `
nftrckuzig `l `xtr`dc k`l igol` O `f lgs pcl`gs 9-?-
- .
7Nftrckuzig `l `xtr`dc k`l igol` O `f `l knspcsntnvc
k` olcqu`c B k`l igor`stgft` prnfinpgl.
- @dpn`i` g `frcllgr `l igol` O giincfgfkc `l B
igor`stgft` G egstg lno`rgr lg oconfg M c egstg `l
k`s`frcllgkc icdpl`tc k`l rcllc E.
- Iclcqu` `l dçstnl `f lg pcsninùf v`rtnigl.
- Nfstgl` k` fu`vc `l `l`d`ftc k` rctginùf, `l vçstgmc
j`lly y lg e`rrgdn`ftg.
- Icdpru`o` vnsugld`ft` `l pgsc y `l dcvndn`ftc
icrr`itc k`l igol` O.
G[@FINÙF M
@l k`s`frcllgkc y `l `frcllgkc k` lcs igol`s scf
cp`rgincf`s
@s k`f`i`sgrnc
pcr lc tgftc rutnfg pgrg `st` tnpc
knspcf`r k` k` dçqunfgs.
e`rrgdn`ftgs
gprcpngkgs qu` s` k`o`f dgft`f`r `f kctginùf icf
lg dçqunfg `f lg zcfg k` trgoghc, icf `l f k` fc
kg÷gr lcs igol`s kurgft` su dgfnpulginùf. YCNLD@I
Ypg s` r`s`rvg `l k`r`iec k` r`iegzgr pcsnol`s
r`ilgdgincf`s r`lgtnvgs gl `stgkc k` icfs`rvginùf
k` igol`s fu`vcs `f `l igsc `f qu` s` icdpru`o`
nfcos`rvgfing `f `l icrr`itc usc k` lcs dnsdcs.
E
IPGFKC F@I@YG_NC
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 79?
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
Igol` igor`stgft` guxnlngr
Q@LNM_C
Ptnlni` `xilusnvgd`ft`
icrr`spcfkn`ft`s igol`s NYC
g lg fcrdg crnmnfgl`s
;91>. YCNLD@I
Ypg k`ilnfg iuglqun`r r`spcfsgonlnkgk pcr kg÷cs g
p`rscfgs y/c icsgs k`onkcs g lg fc cos`rvginùf k`
`stg r`mlg k` icdpcrtgdn`ftc.
Q@LNM_C
Gft`s k` ll`vgr `l dçstnl k` lg pcsninùf v`rtnigl g lg
ecrnzcftgl `s f`i`sgrnc k`sdcftgr icdpl`tgd`ft` G
lcs `l`d`ftcs bufincfgl`s k` lg dçqunfg,
icdc s` k`sirno` `f k`tgll` `f lg Y`iinùf I
“BPFINCFGDN@F[C
“BPFINCFGDN@F[ C ^ PYC—.
@stç gosclutgd`ft` prcenonkc prci`k`r icf `l
k`splgzgdn`ftc k`l dçstnl `f icfknincf`s k` 9 ?
dçqunfg `qunpgkg. 7
YCNLD@I Ypg k`ilnfg iuglqun`r r`spcfsgonlnkgk
pcr kg÷cs g p`rscfgs y/c icsgs k`onkcs g lg fc
cos`rvginùf k` `stg r`mlg k` icdpcrtgdn`ftc.
O
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 799
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
- K`sdcft` `l icftrgp`sc k`l `xtr`dc k`l igol`.
- Iclcqu` ufg oconfg I vgiäg `f `l `frcllgkcr K y
`dpn`i` g `frcllgr dgfugld`ft` `l igol` O.
- Icft`dpcrçf`gd`ft` k`sk` `l pu`stc k` dgfkc I
`dpn`i` g k`s`frcllgr `l igol` O egstg qu` `f `l
tgdocr k`l igor`stgft` G fc qu`k`f dçs `strgtcs.
- Rgyg g lg zcfg k` pgsc y k`sicf`it` `l `xtr`dc K
k`l igol` O k`l knspcsntnvc k` olcqu`c M k`l
igor`stgft`.
- @frcll` icdpl`tgd`ft` `l igol` O `f lg oconfg I
eginîfkclc sglnr k` lgs pcl`gs 7-?-9 y k`l plgtnllc
iclcigkc k`oghc k` lg pcl`g.
- K`sdcft` lg oconfg I k`l `frcllgkcr K.
- Qr`pgr` uf igol` O fu`vc qu` pu`k` s`r `ftr`mgkc
pcr `l Y`rvninc Qcsv`ftgs YCNLD@I `f oconfgs ( @)
c `f rcllcs (B).
- Iclcqu` lg oconfg @ `f `l `frcllgkcr K ` nftrckuzig
`l `xtr`dc k`l igol` O `f `l plgtnllc y `f lgs pcl`gs
9-?-7.
- Ynmg
egstgk`s`frcllgfkc dgfugld`ft`
gligfzgr lg zcfg `l igol` O fu`vc
k` lcs igor`stgft`s.
- Nftrckuzig `l `xtr`dc k`l igol` O `f `l knspcsntnvc
k` olcqu`c M k`l igor`stgft` G. M
- Olcqu`` `l igol` O.
- @dpn`i` g `frcllgr `l igol` O giincfgfkc `l
igor`stgft` G egstg lno`rgr lg oconfg @ c egstg `l
k`s`frcllgkc icdpl`tc k`l rcllc B.
- _`icm` `l `xtr`dc icf chgl y vu`lvg g iclcigr `l
icftrgp`sc .
- Ru`lvg g iclcigr `l dçstnl `f pcsninùf v`rtnigl.
G[@FINÙF @
@l k`s`frcllgkc y `l `frcllgkc k` lcs igol`s scf
cp`rgincf`s k`f`i`sgrnc
@s pcr lc tgftc rutnfg pgrg `st` tnpc
knspcf`r k` k` dçqunfgs.
e`rrgdn`ftgs
gprcpngkgs qu` s` k`o`f dgft`f`r `f kctginùf icf
lg dçqunfg `f lg zcfg k` trgoghc, icf `l f k` fc
kg÷gr lcs igol`s kurgft` su dgfnpulginùf. YCNLD@I
Ypg s` r`s`rvg `l k`r`iec k` r`iegzgr pcsnol`s
r`ilgdgincf`s r`lgtnvgs gl `stgkc k` icfs`rvginùf
k` igol`s fu`vcs `f `l igsc `f qu` s` icdpru`o`
nfcos`rvgfing `f `l icrr`itc usc k` lcs dnsdcs.
B
IPGFKC F@I@YG_NC
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 991/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 79;
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
ICF[_CL YPH@INÙF @U[_@DCY IGOL@Y YCO_@
LCY IGO_@Y[GF[@Y
IGKG ?01 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 997/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 790
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
D@YG _C[G[C_NG
_@KPI[C_ K@ OGY@
IGKG ?01 EC_GY
Yustntuinùf gi`nt`
IGKG 7111 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 99?/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 792
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
DC[C__@KPI[C_
DC[C__@KPI[C_ NFB@_NC_
NDQC_[GF[@
@l dctcrr`kuitcr
v`rsnùf snf igdonc.nfb`rncr sclc s` `fiu`ftrg `f lg
IGKG ?01 EC_GY
Yustntuinùf gi`nt`
O
K@F[_C K@ LGY
Q_ND@_GY ?01 EC_GY
IGKG 7111 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 999/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 79=
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
YPY[N[PINÙF BNL[_C K@ GI@N[@ YNY[@DG K@
LPO_NIGINÙF D@YG _C[G[C_NG
IGKG ?01 EC_GY
O
IPGFKC F@I@YG_NC G
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 99;/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 795
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
QG[NF@Y K@ K@YLNXGDN@F[C
Icftrcl k`smgst`
IGKG 011 EC_GY
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 79>
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
Yustntuinùf
@
M
IPGFKC F@I@YG_NC
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 992/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7;1
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
@FM_GY@ K@L DGFMPN[C NF[@_FC
IGKG 7111 EC_GY
O
I
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 99=/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7;7
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
OG__G [@L@YIÙQNIG J@LL^
LPO_NIGINÙF @L@D@F[C K@ _C[GINÙF
IGKG 01 EC_GY
O
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 995/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7;?
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
LPO_NIGINÙF IGO@XG K@ MPÄG J@LL^
D`kngft` lg ocdog k` `fmrgs` `f kctginùf, nfy`it` mrgsg
`f igftnkgk øtnl `f snmun`ft`s lcs `fmrgsgkcr`s8
G
IGKG 01 EC_GY
d`fcs gi`ftugkc
nficfv`fn`ft` s` `f r`lginùf
prckui` gl usc
dçs k` lg dçqunfg:sn`st`
br`iu`ft`d`ft` lgs G
muägs k`l dçstnl fc s` luornigf icf r`mulgrnkgk.
Lgs prnd`rgs s`÷gl`s k` k`t`rncrginùf scf ufg lnm`rg
k`sglnf`ginùf y ufg vnorginùf gi`ftugkg.
O I
IGKG 011 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 99>/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7;9
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
YPY[N[PINÙF QG[NF@Y K@ MPÄG
IPGFKC F@I@YG_NC L
O
IGKG 7111 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 9;1/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7;;
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
ICF[_CL ^ LGRGKC @L@D@F[CY [@L@YIÙQNICY
OG__G J@LL
J @LL^
^
Q@LNM_C
Iugfkc s` utnlnzg uf knspcsntnvc k` lgvgkc icf vgpcr,
vgpcr,
pùfmgs` rcpg k` prct`iinùf. @l vgpcr igln`ft` pu`k`
pu`k`
igusgr mrgv`s l`sncf`s p`rscfgl`s.
G
Lg lndpn`zg k` lcs `l`d`ftcs t`l`siùpnics k` lg ogrrg
j`lly `s k` ufg ndpcrtgfing bufkgd`ftgl. G
Igkg v`z qu` s` t`rdnfg ufg p`rbcrginùf `s f`i`sgrnc
prci`k`r gl lgvgkc nftrckuin`fkc `l knspcsntnvc k`
lgvgkc oghc pr`snùf `f lgs e`fknkurgs G. @stg cp`rginùf
`lndnfgrç icdpl`tgd`ft` lg tn`rrg giudulgkg.
IGKG 71 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 9;7/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7;0
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
E@__GDN@F[GY
ICF[_CL K@YMGY[@
Ogrr`fg k` p`rbcrginùf
Ouij`t
M
E
Yn gl icftrcl s` `vnk`fing uf icfsudc `xi`snvc, sustntuyg
lg e`rrgdn`ftg lc gft`s pcsnol`.
IGKG 711 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 9;?/902
D
GF[@FNDN@F[C - Q
ÇMNFG 7;2
NF[@_R@FINCF@Y K@ DGF[@FNDN@F[C
@YQG×CL
LNDQN@XG ^ LGR
LGRGKC
GKC
Q@LNM_C
Iugfkc s`
pùfmgs` utnlnzg
rcpg uf knspcsntnvc
k` prct`iinùf. k` lgvgkc
@l vgpcr icf vgpcr,
igln`ft` vgpcr
pu`k`,
pu`k`
igusgr mrgv`s l`sncf`s p`rscfgl`s
IGKG 71 EC_GY
PD;20179/Y _`v.7 Y_-91 9;9/902
@YQG×CL
Y`iinùf @
YNY[@DG KNGMFÙY[NIC IPDDNFY
YNY[@DG KNÇMFCY[NIC I PDDNFY
PDDNFY - Q
ÇMNFG ?
ÄFKNI@ K@ Y@IINÙF
@YQG×CL
Äfkni` k` Y`iinùf
YNY[@DG KNGMFÙY[NIC I PDDNFY
PDDNFY - Q
ÇMNFG 9
LNY[G GLG_DGY
@YQG×CL
YNY[@DG KNGMFÙY[NIC DC[C_
Icdc yg nlustrgkc `f lg s`iinùf I , `f igsc k` glgrdgs
[CPIE
k`l dctcr s` `fin`fk` `l t`stnmc Gk`
y `llgs
snst`dg k` icftrcl YI_@@F
KDY vnsuglnzg lcs nk`ftnigkcr`s glgrdgs.
@f `l igsc `f qu` `l KDY bu`rg kg÷gkc, `l cp`rgkcr G
pu`k` utnlnzgr `l octùf G pgrg nk`ftnigr lg glgrdg `f
bufinùf k` lcs pgrpgk`cs y pgusgs k`l t`stnmc nft`mrgkc.
Lg s`iu`fing k` pgrpgk`cs `s pr`i`knkg y s`munkg pcr
uf pgrpgk`c k` gvnsc.
@h`dplc8
• Y`iu`fing k` pgrpgk`c iùknmc k` glgrdg ?;;
pgrpgk`c k` gvnsc nfninc s`iu`fing:
YNY[@DG KNGMFÙY[NIC I PDDNFY
PDDNFY - Q
ÇMNFG ;
LNY[G GLG_DGY
@YQG×CL
LNY[G GLG_DGY
Iùk. YQF BDN Icl. K`sirnpinùf YQF Iùk.
K`sirnpinùf Iuddnfs
@rrcr H7>9> H7>9> [`stnmc H7>9> Qgrp.
Mco`rfgkcr dctcr - Gv`räg nft`rfg mrgv` -
777 2?> 7? _chc Mco`rfgkcr #7 7777
77
Knspcsntnvc c icdpcf`ft` k`b`itucsc
Inriuntc s`fscr pcsninùf/v`lcinkgk dctcr
Iùk. Ynst`dg - pîrknkg k` gdogs s`÷gl`s k`l s`fscr
770 27? ? _chc 770
Kngmfùstnic #? k` grrgfqu` dctcr - Kgtcs nfice`r`ft`s,
coscl`tcs c nf`xgitcs
Inriuntc s`fscr pr`snùf icl`itcr k` gkdnsnùf
Qr`snùf k`
7?? 71? 9 Gdgrnllc - [`fsnùf sup`rncr gl vglcr fcrdgl, c 7??
gkdnsnùf
icrtcinriuntc gltc
Inriuntc s`fscr pr`snùf icl`itcr k`
Qr`snùf k`
7?9 71? ; Gdgrnllc gkdnsnùf - [`fsnùf nfb`rncr gl vglcr fcrdgl, c 7?9
gkdnsnùf
icrtcinriuntc oghc
Inriuntc s`fscr pcsninùf pglgfig c p`kgl
Qcsninùf p`kgl
797 >7 9 _chc gi`l`rgkcr gi`l`rgkcr - [`fsnùf
[`fsnùf
c icrtcinriuntc gltc sup`rncr gl vglcr fcrdgl, 797
Inriuntc s`fscr pcsninùf pglgfig c p`kgl
Qcsninùf p`kgl
79? >7 ; _chc gi`l`rgkcr - [`fsnùf nfb`rncr gl vglcr fcrdgl, 79?
gi`l`rgkcr
c icrtcinriuntc oghc
Inriuntc s`fscr pcsninùf pglgfig c p`kgl
799 >=; 9 _chc Gi`l`rgkcr r`dctc gi`l`rgkcr r`dctc - [`fsnùf sup`rncr gl vglcr 799
fcrdgl, c icrtcinriuntc gltc
Inriuntc s`fscr pcsninùf pglgfig c p`kgl
79; >=; ; _chc Gi`l`rgkcr r`dctc gi`l`rgkcr r`dctc - [`fsnùf nfb`rncr gl vglcr 79;
fcrdgl, c icrtcinriuntc oghc
Qr`snùf gi`nt` Inriuntc s`fscr pr`snùf
pr`sn ùf gi`nt` dctcr - [`fsnùf
[`fsnùf
790 711 9 Gdgrnllc 790
dctcr sup`rncr gl vglcr fcrdgl, c icrtcinriuntc gltc
Qr`snùf gi`nt` Inriuntc s`fscr
s` fscr pr`snùf gi`nt` dctcr
dct cr - [`fsnùf
[`fsnùf
7;7 711 ; Gdgrnllc 7;7
dctcr nfb`rncr gl vglcr fcrdgl, c icrtcinriuntc oghc
Qr`snùf gi`nt` Oghg pr`snùf gi`nt` - Kgtc vçlnkc p`rc nfb`rncr
7;9 711 75 Gdgrnllc 7;9
dctcr g gligfi` øtnl - Glgrdg k` mrgv`kgk d`kng
Inriuntc s`fscr t`dp`rgturg r`brnm`rgft`
[`dp`rgturg
7;; 771 9 Gdgrnllc - [`fsnùf sup`rncr gl vglcr fcrdgl, c 7;;
r`brnm`rgft`
icrtcinriuntc gltc
Inriuntc s`fscr t`dp`rgturg r`brnm`rgft` -
[`dp`rgturg
7;0 771 ; Gdgrnllc [`fsnùf nfb`rncr gl vglcr fcrdgl, c icrtcinriuntc
icrt cinriuntc 7;0
r`brnm`rgft`
oghc
Gltg t`dp`rgtu
t`dp`rgturg
rg r`brnm`rgft`
r`brnm`rgft` Kgtc vçlnkc
[`dp`rgturg
7;2 771 72 Gdgrnllc p`rc sup`rncr g gligfi` øtnl - Glgrdg k` 7;2
r`brnm`rgft`
mrgv`kgk d`kng
Inriuntc s`fscr pcsninùf pglgfig c p`kgl
Qcsninùf p`kgl
7;= >7 7 _chc gi`l`rgkcr - Br`iu`fing, gfiec c p`rnckc k` 7;=
gi`l`rgkcr
ndpulsc gfcrdgl
Inriuntc s`fscr pcsninùf pglgfig c p`kgl
Qcsninùf p`kgl
7;5 >7 1 _chc gi`l`rgkcr - Br`iu`fing, gfiec c p`rnckc k` 7;5
gi`l`rgkcr
ndpulsc gfcrdgl
[`dp`rgturg Oghg t`dp`rgturg r`brnm`rgft` - Kgtc vçlnkc
707 771 1 _chc 707
r`brnm`rgft` p`rc sup`rncr g gligfi` øtnl - Glgrdg mrgv`
YNY[@DG KNGMFÙY[NIC I PDDNFY
PDDNFY - Q
ÇMNFG 0
LNY[G GLG_DGY
@YQG×CL
YNY[@DG KNGMFÙY[NIC I PDDNFY
PDDNFY - Q
ÇMNFG 2
LNY[G GLG_DGY
@YQG×CL
YNY[@DG KNGMFÙY[NIC I PDDNFY
PDDNFY - Q
ÇMNFG =
LNY[G GLG_DGY
@YQG×CL
YNY[@DG KNGMFÙY[NIC I PDDNFY
PDDNFY - Q
ÇMNFG 5
LNY[G GLG_DGY
@YQG×CL
YNY[@DG KNGMFÙY[NIC I PDDNFY
PDDNFY - Q
ÇMNFG >
LNY[G GLG_DGY
@YQG×CL
0?5 >9 ? Gdgrnllc Nft`rruptcr - Kgtc Nft`rruptcr guxnlngr vglnkginùf pgr glt`rfgtnvc- 0?5
Kgtcs nfice`r`ft`s, coscl`tcs c nf`xgitcs
Inriuntc guxnlngr nfmr`scs/sglnkgs 9 - [`fsnùf
0?> =19 9 Gdgrnllc Inriuntc - [`fsnùf 0?>
sup`rncr gl vglcr fcrdgl, c icrtcinriuntc gltc
Inriuntc vglnkginùf rgl`ftä pglgfig c p`kgl
Nft`rruptcr rgl`ftä
007 005 ; Gdgrnllc gi`l`rgkcr - [`fsnùf nfb`rncr gl vglcr fcrdgl, 007
p`kgl gi`l`rgkcr
c icrtcinriuntc oghc
Gltg pr`snùf rgdpg k` nfy`iinùf #7 - Kgtc
Qr`snùf rgdpg k`
009 70= 72 Gdgrnllc vçlnkc p`rc sup`rncr g gligfi` øtnl - Glgrdg 009
nfy`iinùf 7
k` mrgv`kgk d`kng
Qr`snùf rgdpg k` @rrcr s`fscr pr`snùf icdoustnol` - Kgtcs
00; 70= ? Gdgrnllc 00;
nfy`iinùf 7 nfice`r`ft`s, coscl`tcs c nf`xgitcs
Oghg pr`snùf rgdpg k` nfy`iinùf #7 - Kgtc
Qr`snùf rgdpg k`
00> 70= 75 Gdgrnllc vçlnkc p`rc nfb`rncr g gligfi` øtnl - Glgrdg k` 00>
nfy`iinùf 7
mrgv`kgk d`kng
Inriuntc icftrclgkcr
Inriuntc r`lî dctcr k` grrgfqu` - [`fsnùf
05; 2== 9 Gdgrnllc k` r`lîs scl`fcnk` 05;
sup`rncr gl vglcr fcrdgl, c icrtcinriuntc gltc
dctcr k` grrgfqu`
YNY[@DG KNGMFÙY[NIC I PDDNFY
PDDNFY - Q
ÇMNFG 71
LNY[G GLG_DGY
@YQG×CL
YNY[@DG KNGMFÙY[NIC I PDDNFY
PDDNFY - Q
ÇMNFG 7
77
7
LNY[G GLG_DGY
@YQG×CL
YNY[@DG KNGMFÙY[NIC I PDDNFY
PDDNFY - Q
ÇMNFG 7?
LNY[G GLG_DGY
@YQG×CL
YNY[@DG KNGMFÙY[NIC I PDDNFY
PDDNFY - Q
ÇMNFG 79
LNY[G GLG_DGY
@YQG×CL
YNY[@DG KNÇMFCY[NIC I PDDNFY
PDDNFY - Q
ÇMNFG 7;
@YQG×CL