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Lesson 4 Continuity and Derivative
Lesson 4 Continuity and Derivative
DISCONTINUOUS
FUNCTION
Continuous and Discontinuous Functions
(iii) lim
��→����(��) = ��(��)
Discontinuous Functions
satisfied, that is ��(��0) does
not exist.
(b)
(a)
POINT DISCONTINUITY.
It happens if condition (i) is not
REMOVABLE DISCONTINUITY It
happens if condition (iii) is not
satisfied. A continuity is called
removable if it can be redefined at
a different point to make is
continuous. hold.
Discontinuous Functions
(i) �� 1 = 2(1)2 − 6 1 + 1 = 2 − 6 +
1 = −3
− 2
��→1 �� 2�� − 6�� + 1 = − 3
and
(ii) lim
+ 2
��→1 �� 2�� − 6�� + 1 = − 3
lim
��−2at �� = 2
(i) �� 2 =2+1
3
2−2= 0is undefined
��→1 ��→1
2
�� −4= 0, condition (ii)
(iii) lim ��→1
is satisfied.
lim ��−1
2 2
�� −4= 0 and �� 1 = 1 �� −4, �� ≠ 1
��−1
2
�� −4≠ ��(1) 1, �� = 1is not continuous at �� = 1.
It is a removable discontinuity at �� = 1.
0 ≠ 1Therefore �� �� = ൝��−1
Refer to the graph for the next examples.
(4) The figure shows the that the function �� is continuous over the interval [−1,
4]
Graph also show continuity on the interval −∞, −2 and the interval −2, ∞ .
(5) The piecewise function �� �� = ቊ��2 + 2�� − 1, −4 ≤ �� ≤ 1 ��
+ 1, 1 ≤ �� ≤ 5shows continuity.
The function �� �� is continuous over the interval −4, 5 .
Practice Task #4: Continuity of a Function
(b) �� �� = ቊ 5, �� = 1
2�� + 3, �� ≠ 1
DERIVATIVES
DERIVATIVES
=������������ ���� ��
=
������ ∆��
�����������
���������� � ���� ��
=
∆�� ����
=��������
����
= (����)(��) =��ሶ��ሶ
����= ������
∆��
∆�� = lim ∆��→0
∆�� 2�� + ∆��
(�� + ∆��
∆�� = lim ∆��→0
= ������ = ������
∆��→0 ∆��→0
ℎ �� + ∆�� − ℎ(��)
= ������ ∆��
∆��→0
3 �� + ∆�� − 5 − 3�� − 5
= ������ ∆��
3 �� + ∆�� − 5 − 3�� − 5
∆��∙3 �� + ∆�� − 5 + 3�� − 5 3 �� +
∆�� − 5 + 3�� − 5
3 �� + ∆�� − 5 − 3�� − 5
∆�� 3 �� + ∆�� − 5 + 3�� − 5
= ������
∆��→0
3∆�� 3
3 �� + ∆�� − 5 + 3�� − 5
=3
3 �� + 0 − 5 + 3�� − 5
3
=
3�� − 5 + 3�� − 5
��′ �� =��
�� ���� − ��
Solution: = ������
∆��= ������
∆��→0
�� �� + ∆�� − ∆��→0
��′ �� = ������
∆��→0 ��(��)
− 3 2�� + 1
2 �� + ∆�� + 1 3 2�� + 1 ∆��
− 1
2 �� + ∆�� + 1 3
∆��
3
= ������ ∆��→0
+ 3 2 �� + ∆�� + 1 ∆��∙18�� + 9 −
1
= ������ ∆��→0 (2�� + 2∆�� + 1)(2�� + 1) 3 2�� + 1
−18
+ 3 2 �� + ∆�� + 1 ∆��∙−18∆��
(2�� + 2∆�� + 1)(2�� + 1) 3 2�� + 1
+ 3 2 �� + ∆�� + 1
1
(2�� + 2∆�� + 1)(2�� + 1) 3 2�� + 1
+ 3 2 �� + ∆�� + 1
Example 5: Find the derivative of the function �� ��
=3
2��
+1
��′(��) =−��
ൗ��
(���� + ��) ��
�
�
�.
����
��
����= −���� + ����
�� = sin �� Solution:
�� �� + ∆�� − ��(��)
��′(��) = lim ∆�� ∆�� ∆��
∆��→0 ∆��−sin �� 1 − cos
= lim ∆��→0
1
2
2 =−44= −��
Home Work #4: Derivative A. Find the derivative of the
following functions. Write your
complete solution for each. ���� �� = 2 2 �� = 2 −
3��2 ���� �� = −1
1 �� = ��2 + 4�� − 3
3 �� �� = −��2 + 3�� − 5
2 �� �� =2�� + 3
4�� − 5 at x = 3 4 �� ��
3 ℎ �� = 3 − 4�� 2
= ������ �� = 9