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Module 2 Learning Tasks

MMT208 – Calculus

Name: GUEN F. BALDOMAR Date: January 23, 2022

I. CONTINUITY. Determine if f is continuous at all possible points of

discontinuity. Classify each discontinuity as removable, jump, or infinite. Show your
process.

ITEM ANSWER

Solution:
Proving continuous at x = 3
1 1
A. 𝑓 (3) = 𝑥 = 3
2 2 1
𝑓(3) = = =
9 − 𝑥 9 − (3) 3

B.
1 1 1
lim = lim =
𝑥→3 𝑥 𝑥→3 (3) 3
2 2 2 1
lim = lim = 𝑜𝑟
𝑥→3 9 − 𝑥 𝑥→3 9 − (3) 6 3

1 1
C. Since lim 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑓 (𝑎) → 3 = 3 , therefore
𝑥→3
𝑓 (𝑥 ) is continuous at 𝑥 = 3.

Solution:

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 0
(0)2 − 2(0) 0
𝑓 (0) = = =0
0+2 2
𝑓 (0) = |0 − 1| + 1 = |−1| + 1 = 2
Although both functions show that it is defined
at x=0, they do not have the same value
for f (0).

Since they do not have the same value for f(0),

lim 𝑓(𝑥) does not exist.
𝑥→0
 𝑖. 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 2
𝑓 2 = 2 − 1| + 1 = |1| + 1 = 2
( ) |
𝑓 (2) = (2)2 − 2 = 4 − 2 = 2

𝑖𝑖. lim−|𝑥 − 1| + 1 = lim− |2 − 1| + 1 = |1| + 1

𝑥→2 𝑥→2
=2

lim 𝑥 2 − 2 = lim+ (2)2 − 2 = 4 − 2 = 2

𝑥→2+ 𝑥→2

𝑖𝑖𝑖. lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(2) → 2 = 2

𝑥→2
lim = lim+
𝑥→2− 𝑥→2
Limit exists

Conclusion:
𝑓(𝑥 )𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0
𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 2

∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝑓(𝑥 )𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑠 𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦.

II. INTERMEDIATE VALUE THEOREM. Use IVT to prove the following. Include
detailed explanation.

ITEM ANSWER
a. Verify that the Intermediate Value Theorem
holds for f in the interval [-3, 1].

Solution:
Since it is a rational function, its continuity is
over its domain. Knowing that the domain of the
given function R (set of real numbers) except 0,
then it is continuous on [-3, 1].
−3 + 1 2
𝑓 (−3) = =
−3 − 2 5
1+1 2
𝑓 (1) = = =2
1 − 2 −2

b. Use the Intermediate Value Theorem to justify

why there exists 𝑐 𝜖 (1, 3) such that 𝑓 (𝑐 ) = −3
and find the value of c.
 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑥 𝑏𝑒 𝑐.
𝑐+1 1
𝑓 (𝑐 ) = =
𝑐−2 3

𝑐+1 1
=
𝑐−2 3

3(𝑐 + 1) = 𝑐 − 2
3𝑐 + 3 = 𝑐 − 2
3𝑐 − 𝑐 = −2 − 3
2𝑐 = −5
5
𝑐=−
2

∴ 𝐼𝑉𝑇 𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑧 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛

2
− 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑐 𝜖 [−3, 1], 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡
5
1 2
𝑓(𝑐 ) = 𝑧. 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 − 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ,
3 5
1
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑐 𝜖 [−3, 1]𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑓 (𝑐 ) = .
3

III. TANGENT LINE:

Using lim
𝑓(𝑥+∆𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥)
, find the slope of Solution:
∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 3. Show your process.
2
𝑓 (𝑥 +△ 𝑥 ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
lim
△𝑥→0 △𝑥

Substitute …

(𝑥 +△ 𝑥)2 − (𝑥 2 )
= lim
△𝑥→0 △𝑥

𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 △ 𝑥 +△ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2
= lim
△𝑥→0 △𝑥
2𝑥△𝑥+△𝑥 2
= lim
△𝑥→0 △𝑥

△𝑥(2𝑥+△𝑥)
= lim
△𝑥→0 △𝑥
 =2x

Therefore, the slope at any point

(𝑥, 𝑓 (𝑥 )) is given by 𝑚 = 2𝑥 = 2(3) = 6.

𝑑𝑦
IV. DERIVATIVES: Given the following, solve for . Show your process.
𝑑𝑥

ITEMS ANSWER
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑦 = 2𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 = 2 (𝑥 4 ) − 3 ( 𝑥 2 ) + (𝑥 ) − (1)
1. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 = 2(4𝑥 3 ) − 3(2𝑥 ) + 1 − 0

𝑦 = 8𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 + 1

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑦 = 5 sin 𝑥 − 2 cot 𝑥
𝑑
𝑦= [5 sin 𝑥 − 2 cot 𝑥]
2. 𝑦 = 5 sin 𝑥 − 2 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑦 = 5 cos 𝑥 + 2 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑦 = 𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 2 − 2
𝑑 4 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦= (𝑥 ) + 3 (𝑥 2 ) − (2)
3. 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 2 − 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 = 4𝑥 3 + 3(2𝑥 ) − 0

𝑦 = 4𝑥 3 + 6𝑥

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑦 = 𝑥 cos 5𝑥 2
𝑦 = 𝑥 [− sin(5𝑥 2 ) 10𝑥 ]
4. 𝑦 = 𝑥 cos 5𝑥 2
𝑦 = 10𝑥 2 − sin(5𝑥 2 )

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
2
𝑦 = (2𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 2)(3𝑥 − 7)
5. 𝑦 = (2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 2)(3𝑥 − 7) 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 = (2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 2) (3𝑥 − 7) + (3𝑥 − 7) (2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 2)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 𝑦 = (2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 2)(3) + (3𝑥 − 7)(4𝑥 + 5)
𝑦 = (6𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 − 6) + (12𝑥 2 − 28𝑥 + 15𝑥 − 35)
𝑦 = (6𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 − 6) + (12𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 − 35)

𝑦 = 18𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 41

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
2𝑥 + 1
𝑦=
csc 𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
𝑑 2𝑥 + 1 (csc 𝑥) (2𝑥 + 1) − (2𝑥 + 1) (csc 𝑥)
2𝑥+1 ( )= 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
6. 𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 csc 𝑥 (csc 𝑥)2
csc 𝑥

(csc 𝑥)(2) − (2𝑥 + 1)(− csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥)

=
csc 𝑥 2

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 2
𝑦=
√𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 2
=
𝑑𝑥 √𝑥
𝑥 2 +3𝑥−2
7. 𝑦 = 2 𝑑𝑦 2
√𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 2 √𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥 (√𝑥 ) (𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 2)
= 2
𝑑𝑥 (√𝑥 )
3 1
4 √𝑥 𝑥 2 +6√𝑥 𝑥 2 −𝑥 2 −3𝑥+2
= 3
2𝑥 2

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑦 = √𝑥 2 + 4
𝑑 1 𝑑
(√𝑥 2 + 4) = (𝑥 2 + 4)
𝑑𝑥 2√𝑥 2 +4 𝑑𝑥
1
= (2𝑥 )
2√𝑥 2 + 4
8. 𝑦 = √𝑥 2 + 4 2𝑥
=
2√𝑥 2 + 4
𝑥
=
√𝑥 2 + 4

9. 𝑦 = 𝑥 5 √𝑥 3 + 2 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
 𝑦 = 𝑥 5 √𝑥 3 + 2
𝑑𝑦
(𝑥 5 √𝑥 3 + 2 )
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= (𝑥 5 ) √𝑥 3 + 2 + √𝑥 3 + 2 ) (𝑥 5 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3𝑥 2
= (5𝑥 4 ) √𝑥 3 + 2 +
2√𝑥 3 +2
13𝑥 7 +20𝑥 4
=
2√𝑥 3 +2

V. HIGHER ORDER DERIVATIVES. Solve for what is asked. Show your process.

ITEMS ANSWER
1. Solve for the 4th derivative of 𝑓 𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 3 + 6𝑥
′(

𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 2 + 2 𝑓 ′′(𝑥 ) = 12𝑥 2 + 6

𝑓 ′′′(𝑥 ) = 24𝑥
𝑓 (4) (𝑥 ) = 24

2. Solve for the 6th derivative of 𝑓 ′(𝑥 ) = 6𝑥 5 − 4𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 2 + 4𝑥

𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 6 − 𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 4
𝑓 ′′(𝑥 ) = 30𝑥 4 − 12𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 + 4
𝑓 ′′′ (𝑥 ) = 120𝑥 3 − 24𝑥 − 18
𝑓 (4) (𝑥 ) = 360𝑥 2 − 24
𝑓 (5)(𝑥 ) = 720𝑥
𝑓 6 (𝑥 ) = 720

3. Solve for the 3rd derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = √2𝑥 − 3

𝑓 (𝑥 ) = √2𝑥 − 3
1 𝑑𝑦
𝑓′(𝑥) = 2 (2𝑥 − 3)
√2𝑥−3 𝑑𝑥
1
=2 •2
√2𝑥−3
1
=
√2𝑥−3

1
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = ( 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)′ =
(2𝑥 − 3)3/2
3
𝑓′′′(𝑥) = ( 𝑓 ′ ′(𝑥)′ = •2
2(2𝑥−3)5/2
 3
= (2𝑥−3)5/2
 𝑑
VI. IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION. With the use of Implicit Differentiation, find 𝑑𝑥

ITEMS ANSWER
1. 𝑦(1 − 3𝑥 = cos 𝑥
2)
𝒚(1 − 3𝑥 2 )= 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
𝑑
. (1 − 3𝑥 2 ) cos x +(-6x cos x- sin x
𝑑𝑥

(1 − 3𝑥 2 ) y=0
𝑑 y(−6x cos x− sin x (−3𝑥 2 +1)
.=
𝑑𝑥 cos 𝑥 (1−3𝑥 2 )

𝑑 y(−6x cos x− sin x (−3𝑥 2 +1)

.=
𝑑𝑥 cos 𝑥 (1−3𝑥 2 )

2. 𝑥 4 𝑦 3 − 7𝑥𝑦 = 7 𝑥 4 𝑦 3 − 7𝑥𝑦 = 7
𝑑 𝑑
4𝑥 3 𝑦 3 + 3𝑦 2 − 𝑥 4 − 7 (𝑦 + 𝑥 .𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 −4𝑥 3 𝑦 3 +7𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 (−7+3𝑥 3 +𝑦 2)

𝑑 −4𝑥 3 𝑦 3 +7𝑦
(𝑦) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 (−7+3𝑥 3 +𝑦 2 )

3. 𝑥 + 3 = 4𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 3 1. 𝑥 + 3 = 4𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 3
𝑑 𝑑
1=4 (𝑦 + 𝑥 ) + 3𝑦 2 (𝑦)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 1 − 4𝑦
(𝑦) =
𝑑𝑥 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 2
𝑑 1 − 4𝑦
(𝑦) =
𝑑𝑥 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 2