Score:

Name:_______________________________________ Course:____________________
Date:________________________________________Group No:__________________

GENERAL INSTRUCTION:

+ Before Actual Experiment

1. Read the following activity and create a schematic diagram on its procedure.
2. Answer PRE LAB OUTPUT
3. Submit PRE LAB OUTPUT on the day that is given by the instructor.
4. If your instructor assigned this activity in your group, create Pre Lab presentation about
this activity (Should be done by group). The content of the presentation are the following:
A. Title
B. Introduction
C. Objectives
D. Schematic Diagram Procedure
E. Guide Questions
5. Then present the presentation during Pre Lab Reporting.

+ After Actual Experiment

1. Answer and Submit POST LAB OUTPUT after actual experiment. (POST LAB OUTPUT
should be printed and answer in handwritten)
2. If your instructor assigned this activity in your group, create a Post Lab Presentation
about this activity (Should be done by group). The content of the presentation are the
following:
A. Title of Activity
B. Results based on actual experiment
C. Conclusion
3. Then present the presentation during Post Lab Reporting

CHEM 0 | ACT 4 | 1
 Score:
Name:_______________________________________ Course:____________________
Date:________________________________________Group No:__________________

ACTIVITY 4
PROPERTIES AND TRANSFORMATION OF MATTER

Properties are characteristics or attributes used to describe matter. Properties can be

physical or chemical. A physical property is determined without an accompanying change in
the identity of matter. Examples of physical properties are weight, volume, length, width,
height, boiling point, melting point, color, etc. On the other hand, a chemical property is
determined with an accompanying change in the identity of matter. Examples of chemical
properties are flammability, biodegradability, stability in the air. Etc.

Matter undergoes change from time to time. Changes may be physical or chemical. No
new substance is formed in a physical change. There is just a change in size, shape, or
physical state. Either the molecules are separated from one another as in the liquid to gas
transformation, or the molecules are brought closer to each other as in freezing.
Intermolecular bonds like van der Waals attraction or hydrogen bonds are thus weakened
or strengthened.

A chemical change is characterized by the formation of a new substance. This is brought

about by the arrangement of atoms within a molecule. Thus, when electric current is passed
through water, the atoms of H2 and O2 . Chemical bonds are either broken or formed in a
chemical change.

Objectives:

1. To be able to differentiate between physical and chemical properties as well as physical

and chemical changes.
2. To be able to analyse and classify observe properties and changes

Materials:

- Acetone - Magnesium Ribbon

- Naphthalene - Paraffin
- Zinc - Ethanol
- Copper Sulfate - Coconut Oil
- Calcium Carbonate

CHEM 0 | ACT 4 | 2
 Score:
Name:_______________________________________ Course:____________________
Date:________________________________________Group No:__________________

Procedure:

A. Identify any observable properties before and after the following laboratory procedures.
1. Acetone
a. Put 5mL of acetone on watch class using a dropper.
b. Allow it to stand at room temperature for 5 minutes.
c. Record observation
2. Magnesium Ribbon
a. Hold a piece of magnesium ribbon about 2 cm in length over a flame using a
crucible tong. (Careful in using Bunsen burner)
b. Record observation
3. Naphthalene
a. Weigh 1 g of Naphthalene into a 250mL beaker.
b. Cover the beaker with a watch glass and heat it gently over a low flame.
c. Record Observation
4. Paraffin
a. Weight 5 g of paraffin into a 250 mL beaker. Heat the beaker over a low flame.
b. Record Observation.
5. Zinc
a. Drop small piece of zinc metal into the test tube.
b. Then add 5mL of 0.1M HCl into test tube.
c. Record Observation
6. Ethanol
a. Put 3mL of ethanol on a watch glass.
b. Strike a match and immediately introduce fire into the ethanol.
c. Record Observation
7. Copper Sulfate
a. In evaporating dish, weigh 5g of copper sulphate.
b. Heat the evaporating dish over a hot plate at low-medium temperature.
c. Record observation.
8. Coconut Oil
a. Measure 10mL of coconut oil into a 100mL beaker.
b. Immerse the beaker in an ice bath for 10 minutes.
c. Record Observation.
9. Calcium Carbonate
a. In 100mL beaker, weigh 2g of calcium carbonate.
b. Add 4mL of 0.1M HCl into the beaker.
c. Record Observation.

CHEM 0 | ACT 4 | 3
 Score:
Name:_______________________________________ Course:____________________
Date:________________________________________Group No:__________________

ACTIVITY 4 PRE LAB OUTPUT:

Reminders: Answer & submit this on the day that is given by the instructor.
Create a Schematic Diagram from the Procedure Above:

Guide Questions:

1. Define the following transformation of matter.

Melting: Process of change of solid into the liquid.

Freezing: The process which helps in transformation of liquid into solid.

Vaporisation: Process used to change liquid into gas.

Condensation: A process in which gas is transformed into liquid.

Sublimation: When solid is changed into gas, it is called as sublimation.

Desposition: The process through which gas is converted into solid.

2. Differentiate the 3 types of matter. (Solid, liquid, gas)

Everything that surrounds us, such as air, food, water, plants, animals, vehicles, clothes and so
forth is made up of matter. The matter is a collection of particles and is anything that has mass
and occupies space. There are three fundamental states of matter, i.e. solid, liquid and gas. The
states of matter take place due to the variations in the molecules of matter. The size and shape
of a solid object is definite. Nevertheless, if we talk about the other two states of matter, that is
liquid and gas, then liquids flow to take the shape of the beaker and gases diffuse to fill the
available volume completely. The main difference between solid, liquid and gas lies in their
properties, which we are going to discuss in this article.

CHEM 0 | ACT 4 | 4
 Score:
Name:_______________________________________ Course:____________________
Date:________________________________________Group No:__________________

3. Differentiate chemical and physical change.

Physical Change Chemical Change

When a substance undergoes a physical When a substance undergoes a chemical change, its
change, its composition remains the same molecular composition is changed entirely. Thus,
despite its molecules being rearranged. chemical changes involve the formation of new
substances.

Physical change is a temporary change. A chemical change is a permanent change.

A Physical change affects only physical Chemical change both physical and chemical properties
properties i.e. shape, size, etc. of the substance including its composition

A physical change involves very little to no During a chemical reaction, absorption and evolution of
absorption of energy. energy take place.

Some examples of physical change are A few examples of chemical change are digestion of
freezing of water, melting of wax, boiling of food, burning of coal, rusting, etc.
water, etc.

Generally, physical changes do not involve Chemical changes usually involve the production of
the production of energy. energy (which can be in the form of heat, light, sound,
etc.)

In a physical change, no new substance is A chemical change is always accompanied by one or

formed. more new substance(s).

Physical change is easily reversible i.e Chemical changes are irreversible i.e. original substance
original substance can be recovered. cannot be recovered

CHEM 0 | ACT 4 | 5
 Score:
Name:_______________________________________ Course:____________________
Date:________________________________________Group No:__________________

ACTIVITY 4 POST LAB OUTPUT

Reminders: Answer & submit this activity after actual experiment.

(Must be printed and answer in handwritten)

Results: (Note: The answer should be based on the actual experiment)

I. Recording of Observation

Material Observation
Acetone -The acetone quickly evaporated with in just 5 minutes, especially
that it is placed in a room temperature which may contained 20-
22 degrees Celsius or 68 to 72 degrees Fahrenheit.
-Only few volume remained.
Magnesium Ribbon Magnesium ribbon burnt with a dazzling white colored flame.
(the remained white like-ash is called the magnesium oxide). We
also noticed that looking at the burning magnesium ribbon will
cause us a temporary loss of sight.
Naphthalene In the first 40 seconds, the naphthalene started to melt on the
size of the 250ml beaker and it looked like a thick liquid as it is
heated above the Bunsen burner in a blue flame. It is thicker than
water but it kinda looked like water. As it reaches 1 minute, the
beaker started to be filled with fumes. The bottom of the beaker
started to boil and the container was filled with gas. A lot of
crystals have formed in the walls of the container or the beaker.
We saw three states of matter in the process of heating a
naphthalene; naphthalene was solid, then it turned into a liquid,
and then the liquid turned into gas, then the gas condensed and
slowly turned into liquid again.
Paraffin In more than two minutes with a low to medium heat, the five
grams of paraffin melted and turned into colorless liquid.
Zinc -The zinc metal created bubbles to the hydrochloride solution.
-The zinc metal didn’t melt.
Ethanol Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid. As we light the
match and introduced its fire into the ethanol, the ethanol quickly
reacted and turned into flame and/or burn itself.
Copper Sulfate After few minutes of heating the solid blue crushed copper
sulfate into the hot plate with a low heat, its blue color changed
into white.
Coconut Oil After few minutes of observing, the liquid coconut oil turned into
solid form.
Calcium Carbonate We placed a 2 grams of calcium carbonate in a 100ml beaker and

CHEM 0 | ACT 4 | 6
 Score:
Name:_______________________________________ Course:____________________
Date:________________________________________Group No:__________________

added 4ml of hydrochloride in it, then used the method of

swirling. We’ve noticed that the powdered calcium carbonate
melted and mixed with the hydrochloride solution. The solid
powder turned into liquid.

II. Physical or Chemical Properties.

Materials Initial State Final State Chemical or Physical test

Acetone
Magnesium Ribbon
Naphthalene
Paraffin
Zinc
Ethanol
Copper Sulfate
Coconut Oil
Calcium Carbonate
Acetone

Conclusion: Conclusion
Hence, in this actual activity we have learnt that matter is present in three states; Solid, liquid
and gas. Furthermore, the state of matter are interchangeable; the form can be changed by
changing temperature or pressure.

We’ve realized that we should be very cautious when dealing with flammable apparatuses
and substances. Also, pouring flammable liquids can generate static electricity. The
development of static electricity is related to the humidity levels in the area. Cold, dry
atmospheres are more likely to facilitate static electricity. The appropriate Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) should always be used, when handling flammable materials.
Check the guidance on the correct PPE to wear for handling specific flammable materials, as
well as any additional equipment required in emergency situations.

Sources:
Samonte, J.L., Figueroa, L.V. (2014). General Chemistry Laboratory Manual; C&E Publishing.

CHEM 0 | ACT 4 | 7