CHAPTER # 18: ELECTRONICS (18.

1 NUMERICALS) PHYSICS BY SHAHZAD

Example 18.1: In a certain circuit, the transistor has Problem 18.2: A transistor which operated a relay as
a collector current of 10 𝑚𝐴 and a base current of the switch S is closed. The relay is energized by a
40 𝜇𝐴. What is the current gain of the transistor? current of 10 𝑚𝐴. Calculate the value 𝑅𝐵 which will
just make the relay operate. The current gain 𝛽 of
Data: the transistor is 200. When the transistor conducts,
𝐼𝐶 = 10 𝑚𝐴 = 10 × 10−3 𝐴 its 𝑉𝐵𝐸 can be assumed to be 0.6 V.
𝐼𝐵 = 40 𝜇𝐴 = 40 × 10−6 𝐴
To find: Data:
𝛽 = ? MCQ: Example 18.1 𝐼𝐶 = 10 𝑚𝐴 = 10 × 10−3 𝐴
Solution: MCQ: no unit of 𝛽 = 200
𝐼𝐶 current gain 𝑉𝐵𝐸 = 0.6 V
𝛽 = 𝐼𝐵
𝑉𝐶𝐶 = 9V
10×10−3
𝛽 = 40×10−6
To find:
𝛽 = 250 𝑅𝐵 = ?
Solution:
Problem 18.1: The current flowing into the base of a
Apply,
transistor is 100 𝜇𝐴. Find its collector current 𝐼𝐶 , its
𝐼 𝑉𝐶𝐶 = 𝑉𝐵 + 𝑉𝐵𝐸
emitter current 𝐼𝐸 and the ratio 𝐶⁄𝐼 , if the value of 𝑉𝐶𝐶 = 𝐼𝐵 𝑅𝐵 + 𝑉𝐵𝐸
𝐸
current gain is 100. 𝐼𝐵 𝑅𝐵 = 𝑉𝐶𝐶 − 𝑉𝐵𝐸
𝑉𝐶𝐶 −𝑉𝐵𝐸
𝑅𝐵 = ---- (1)
Data: 𝐼𝐵
𝐼𝐵 = 100 𝜇𝐴 = 100 × 10−6 𝐴 To find 𝐼𝐵 :
𝐼𝐶
𝛽 = 100 𝛽 =
𝐼𝐵
To find: 𝐼𝐶
𝐼𝐵 =
𝐼𝐶 = ? 𝛽
MCQ: 10×10−3
𝐼𝐸 = ? 𝐼𝐵 = 200
𝐼𝐶
⁄𝐼 = ? 𝐼𝐵 = 5 × 10−5 𝐴 ---- (2)
𝐸
Solution: Equation (1) becomes
9−0.6
𝑰𝑪 = ? 𝑅𝐵 = 5×10−5
Apply, 8.4
𝑅𝐵 = 5×10−5
𝐼𝐶
𝛽 = 𝐼𝐵 𝑅𝐵 = 168000
𝐼𝐶 = 𝛽𝐼𝐵 𝑅𝐵 = 168 × 103
𝐼𝐶 = (100)(100 × 10−6 ) 𝑅𝐵 = 168 𝑘Ω
𝐼𝐶 = 0.01
Problem 18.3: In fig shown, there is negligible
𝐼𝐶 = 10 × 10−3
potential drop between B and E, if 𝛽 is 100, calculate
𝐼𝐶 = 10 𝑚𝐴
(i) Base current
𝑰𝑬 = ?
(ii) Collector current
Apply,
(iii) Potential drop across 𝑅𝐶
𝐼𝐸 = 𝐼𝐵 + 𝐼𝐶
(iv) 𝑉𝐶𝐸
𝐼𝐸 = (100 × 10−6 ) + (10 × 10−3 )
𝐼𝐸 = 0.0101 Data:
𝐼𝐸 = 10.1 × 10−3 𝛽 = 100
𝐼𝐸 = 10.1 𝑚𝐴 𝑉𝐶𝐶 = 9V
𝑰𝑪 𝑉𝐵𝐸 = 0
⁄𝑰 = ?
𝑬 𝑅𝐵 = 800 kΩ = 800 × 103 Ω
𝐼𝐶 10×10−3
⁄𝐼 = 𝑅𝐶 = 1 kΩ = 1 × 103 Ω
𝐸 10.1×10−3
𝐼𝐶 To find:
⁄𝐼 = 0.99
𝐸 (i) 𝐼𝐵 = ?
(ii) 𝐼𝐶 = ?
(iii) 𝑉𝐶 = ?
(iv) 𝑉𝐶𝐸 = ?
Solution:

PROF. SHAHZAD ASLAM 1

CHAPTER # 18: ELECTRONICS (18.1 NUMERICALS) PHYSICS BY SHAHZAD
(i) 𝑰𝑩 = ?
Apply,
𝑉𝐶𝐶 = 𝑉𝐵 + 𝑉𝐵𝐸
𝑉𝐶𝐶 = 𝐼𝐵 𝑅𝐵 + 𝑉𝐵𝐸
𝐼𝐵 𝑅𝐵 = 𝑉𝐶𝐶 − 𝑉𝐵𝐸
𝑉𝐶𝐶 −𝑉𝐵𝐸
𝐼𝐵 =
𝑅𝐵
9−0
𝐼𝐵 = 800×103
9
𝐼𝐵 = 800×103
𝐼𝐵 = 1.125 × 10−5
𝐼𝐵 = 11.25 × 10−6
𝐼𝐵 = 11.25 𝜇𝐴
(ii) 𝑰𝑪 = ?
Apply,
𝐼𝐶
𝛽 = 𝐼𝐵
𝐼𝐶 = 𝛽𝐼𝐵
𝐼𝐶 = (100)(11.25 × 10−6 )
𝐼𝐶 = 0.001125
𝐼𝐶 = 1.125 × 10−3
𝐼𝐶 = 1.125 𝑚𝐴
(iii) 𝑽𝑪 = ?
Apply,
𝑉𝐶 = 𝐼𝐶 𝑅𝐶
𝑉𝐶 = (1.125 × 10−3 )(1 × 103 )
𝑉𝐶 = 1.125 𝑉
(iv) 𝑽𝑪𝑬 = ?
𝑉𝐶𝐶 = 𝑉𝐶 + 𝑉𝐶𝐸
𝑉𝐶𝐸 = 𝑉𝐶𝐶 − 𝑉𝐶
𝑉𝐶𝐸 = 9 − 1.125
𝑉𝐶𝐸 = 7.875 𝑉

PROF. SHAHZAD ASLAM 2