K. J.

Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77

(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)
Department of Electronics Engineering

Course Name: Signals Systems Semester: III

Date of Performance: Batch No: A3
Faculty Name: Prof. Gopal Gupta Roll No: 16010222809

Faculty Sign & Date: Grade/Marks:

Experiment No: 1
Title: To Study & generate some basic signal and operations on it.

Aim and Objective of the Experiment:

Generation and operation on signals with case study on real life application
 Continuous signal
 Discrete signal

COs to be achieved:
CO1: Understand mathematical representations and operations of continuous signals and systems.
CO4: Understand mathematical representations and operations of discrete-time signals and
systems.

Theory:
Continuous-Time vs. Discrete-Time
As the names suggest, this classification is determined by whether or not the time axis (x-axis) is
discrete (countable) or continuous. A continuous-time signal will contain a value for all real
numbers along the time axis. In contrast to this, a discrete-time signal is often created by using the
sampling theorem to sample a continuous signal, so it will only have values at equally spaced
intervals along the time axis.

Continuous-Time Signals
This signal will have some value at every instant of time. The electrical signals derived in
proportion with the physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, sound etc. are generally
continuous signals. Other examples of continuous signals are sine wave, cosine wave, triangular
wave etc.

Signals and Systems Semester: III Academic Year: 2022-23

Roll No:16010222809
 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)
Department of Electronics Engineering

Discrete-Time Signals
Discrete-time signals are functions defined on the integers; they are sequences. Discrete-time
signals are represented mathematically as sequences of numbers. A sequence of numbers x, in
which the nth number in the sequence is denoted x[n],
formally written as
x= { x [ n ] } ,−∞ <n< ∞

Stepwise-Procedure:
A) Continuous time signal
1. Obtain the continuous signal from the application from the case study selected by the
student
2. Perform the following operations on the selected signal:
a) Amplitude scaling
b) Time scaling
c) Folding
d) Time shifting
3. Obtain simulation result of step 2
4. Upload the results in the experiment document
B) Discrete time signal
1. Obtain the Discrete signal from the application from the case study selected by the student
2. Perform the following operations on the selected signal:
a) Amplitude scaling
b) Time scaling
c) Folding
d) Time shifting
3. Obtain simulation result of step 2
4. Upload the results in the experiment document

Signals and Systems Semester: III Academic Year: 2022-23

Roll No:16010222809
 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)
Department of Electronics Engineering

Observations for Continuous time signal :

% code for record and perform scaling and shifting Operations on it

clc;
clear all;
close all;
t = 0:100000;
Fs = 44100;
1912013.wav =audiorecorder;
disp('Start speaking');
recordblocking(1912013.wav,5);
disp('End of Recording');
play(recObj);
x=getaudiodata(recObj);
y=x(50000:150000,1);
figure('Name','sound');
subplot(3,2,1)
plot(t,y);
filename = '1912013.wav.wav';
audiowrite(filename,y,Fs);
title('original signal');
xlabel ('time');
ylabel ('y(t)');
grid on;
subplot(3,2,2)
plot(-t,y);
filename_f = '1912013.wav.wav';
audiowrite(filename_f,y,Fs);
title('folded signal');
xlabel ('time');
ylabel ('y(-t)');
grid on;
subplot(3,2,3)
plot(t-10000,y);
title('advance signal');
xlabel ('time');
ylabel ('y(t-10000)');
grid on;
subplot(3,2,4)
plot(t+10000,y);
title('delay signal');
xlabel ('time');
ylabel ('y(t+10000)');
grid on;
subplot(3,2,5)
plot(t*2,y);
title('expand signal');
xlabel ('time');

Signals and Systems Semester: III Academic Year: 2022-23

Roll No:16010222809
 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)
Department of Electronics Engineering

ylabel ('y(t*2)');
grid on;
subplot(3,2,6)
plot(t*0.000005,y);
title('compressed signal');
xlabel ('time');
ylabel ('y(t*0.000005)');
grid on;

Time scaling
Advanced

Delayed

Folding

Signals and Systems Semester: III Academic Year: 2022-23

Roll No:16010222809
 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)
Department of Electronics Engineering

Time shifting
Expansion

Compression

Signals and Systems Semester: III Academic Year: 2022-23

Roll No:16010222809
 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)
Department of Electronics Engineering

Observations for Discrete time signal :

output waveforms
Original signal:

Amplitude scaling

Time scaling
1)Advanced Time scaling

Signals and Systems Semester: III Academic Year: 2022-23

Roll No:16010222809
 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)
Department of Electronics Engineering

2)Delayed time scaling

Folding

Original signal Folded signal

Signals and Systems Semester: III Academic Year: 2022-23

Roll No:16010222809
 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)
Department of Electronics Engineering

Time shifting
1)compression

2)expansion:

Signals and Systems Semester: III Academic Year: 2022-23

Roll No:16010222809
 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)
Department of Electronics Engineering

Signals and Systems Semester: III Academic Year: 2022-23

Roll No:16010222809
 Post Lab Subjective/Objective type Questions:
1. Generate any continuous signals perform the operations on it, which are performed in the
K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
and upload the hand written solutionCollege of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)
(A Constituent
Department of Electronics Engineering

Signals and Systems Semester: III Academic Year: 2022-23

Roll No:16010222809
 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)
Department of Electronics Engineering

Conclusion:

With this, we are certainly able to perform various operations on continuous as well as discrete
time signals such as amplitude scaling, folding, expansion, compression and thus with this we can
change the configurations of a signal according to our own purpose.

Signature of faculty in-charge with Date:

Signals and Systems Semester: III Academic Year: 2022-23

Roll No:16010222809