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TVL-ICT-CSS
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Performing Mensuration and Calculation
TVL-ICT-CSS – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Performing Mensuration and Calculation
First Edition, 2020
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TVL-ICT-CSS
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Performing Mensuration
and Calculation
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
ii
For the learner:
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while
being an active learner.
iii
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given
Additional Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned.
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone.
iv
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master Performing Mensuration and Calculation. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you
read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
1
What I Know
Let us determine how much you already know about our lesson.
Take this test.
Guess the word base on the given definition in each number. Use your notebook to
answer this test.
Note: If you get 100% correct in this pre- assessment, skip the lesson but if not
and only get 50% to 99% correct, then proceed with the lesson.
2
Lesson
Select Measuring
1 Instruments
As a Computer Systems Servicing student, you need to familiarize the
different computer components that makes up a computer and identify those
components that need to be measured and calculated.
What’s In
What are the components of a computer that you are familiar with? In a
bondpaper, draw and label the components and identify the function of each.
What’s New
(Option 1) Research fifteen computer devices in the internet. Copy and paste
it in MS Word. Save the file.
(Option 2) Base on your experience, recall how you save a file.
Guide Questions:
1. How did you save your document?
2. What storage device did you use to save your file?
3. How important is familiarizing your storage devices?
3
What is It
Computer memory is a generic term for all the different types of data
storage technology.
Another way that computer memory can vary is that some types
are non-volatile, which means they can store data on a long-term basis even
when there is no power. And some types are volatile, which are often faster,
but which lose all the data stored on them as soon as the power is switched
off.
Types of Memory
The key difference between primary and secondary memory is speed of access.
Primary memory includes ROM and RAM, and is located close to the
CPU on the computer motherboard, enabling the CPU to read data from
primary memory very quickly indeed. It is used to store data that the
CPU needs imminently so that it does not have to wait for it to be
delivered.
4
There are two key types of primary memory:
Types of RAM
DRAM: DRAM stands for Dynamic RAM, and it is the most common
type of RAM used in computers. The oldest type is known as single data
rate (SDR) DRAM, but newer computers use faster dual data rate (DDR)
DRAM. DDR comes in several versions including DDR2, DDR3, and
DDR4, which offer better performance and are more energy efficient
than DDR. However different versions are incompatible, so it is not
possible to mix DDR2 with DDR3 DRAM in a computer system. DRAM
consists of a transistor and a capacitor in each cell.
SRAM: SRAM stands for Static RAM, and it is a particular type of RAM
which is faster than DRAM, but more expensive and bulker, having six
transistors in each cell. For those reasons SRAM is generally only used
as a data cache within a CPU itself or as RAM in very high-end server
systems. A small SRAM cache of the most imminently-needed data can
result in significant speed improvements in a system
5
2) ROM Computer Memory
ROM stands for read-only memory. While data can be read from this
type of computer memory, data cannot normally be written to it. It is a very
fast type of computer memory which is usually installed close to the CPU on
the motherboard.
ROM is a type of non-volatile memory, which means that the data stored
in ROM persists in the memory even when it receives no power – for example
when the computer is turned off. In that sense it is similar to secondary
memory, which is used for long term storage.
When a computer is turned on, the CPU can begin reading information
stored in ROM without the need for drivers or other complex software to help
it communicate. The ROM usually contains "bootstrap code" which is the
basic set of instructions a computer needs to carry out to become aware of
the operating system stored in secondary memory, and to load parts of the
operating system into primary memory so that it can start up and become
ready to use.
Types of ROM
6
Secondary Memory
Hard Drive
Optical Drive
7
same as the controller on the motherboard. Here are some common drive
interfaces:
IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics, also called Advanced
Technology Attachment (ATA) is an early drive
controller interface that connects computers and
hard disk drives. An IDE interface uses a 40-pin
connector.
SATA – Serial ATA refers to the serial version of the ATA
drive controller interface. A SATA interface uses a 7-
pin data connector.
SCSI – Small Computer System Interface is a drive
controller interface that can connect up to 15 drives.
SCSI can connect both internal and external drives.
An SCSI interface uses a 50-pin, 68-pin, or 80-pin connector.
What’s More
1. ROM
2. RAM
3. DDR
4. SCSI
5. SATA
8
What I Can Do
(Option 1) Connect your flash drive to a computer. Access the files inside
your flash drive. Answer the following questions:
1. What kind of storage device are you using?
2. What is the capacity of your device? How much is used? How
much is free?
(Option 2) How do you remove your flash drive from the computer? Write
down the steps.
Assessment
9
Additional Activities
1. 5.
2. 6.
3. 7.
4. 8.
10
11
Additional Acitivities Assessment
1. Hard disk drive 1. Thumb drive
2. Thumb drive 2. Hard drive
3. Random Access
3. ROM
Memory
4. SCSI 4. Secondary Memory
5. IDE 5. SRAM
6. RAM 6. Optical Media
7. SATA 7. Read-Only Memory
8. Optical drive 8. IDE Connector
9. SCSI Interface
10. SATA Connector
What's More What I Know
1. Read-Only Memory 1. HARD DISK
2. Random Access 2. RANDOM ACCESS
Memory MEMORY
3. Dual Data Rate 3. CD DRIVE
4. Small Computer 4. FLASH DRIVE
System Interface 5. SATA CONNECTOR
5. Serial Advanced 6. DRAM
Technology 7. DYNAMIC RAM
Attachment 8. SECONDARY
MEMORY
9. C: DRIVE
10. THUMB DRIVE
Answer Key
What I Know
Let us determine how much you already know about our lesson.
Take this test. Write your answer in your notebook.
1. 15
2. 32
3. 25
Note: If you get 100% correct in this pre- assessment, skip the lesson but if not
and only get 50% to 99% correct, then proceed with the lesson.
Lesson
Carry Out Measurements
2 and Calculation
In our next lesson, let us understand how computer interprets data and
information.
What’s In
What’s New
What do you think when you hear the words binary numbers? Did you
know that computers only use zeros and ones? Everything that you see or
hear on a computer such as pictures, movies, words, or even sounds is stored
using just those two numbers!
What is It
A bit can have only two possible values, a one digit (1) or a zero digit
(0). A bit can be used to represent the state of something that has two states.
Example: 30
Quotient Remainder
30/2 15 0
15/2 7 1
7/2 3 1
3/2 1 1
1/2 0 1
30 = 11110
Checking: 1 1 1 1 0 Multiplier
16 8 4 2 1 Equivalents
16 8 4 2 0 Results
16 + 8 + 4 + 2 = 30
While a bit is the smallest representation of data, the most basic unit
of digital storage is the byte. A byte is 8 bits and is the smallest unit of
measure (UOM) used to represent data storage capacity. When referring to
storage space, we use the terms bytes (B), kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB),
gigabytes (GB), and terabytes (TB).
One kilobyte is a little more than one thousand bytes, specifically 1,024.
A megabyte represents more than a million bytes or 1,048,576. A gigabyte is
1,073,741,824 bytes. A terabyte is 1,099,511,627,776.
Example:
A file is 25KB in size
1KB = 1,024Bytes
25 x 1,024 = 25,600Bytes in a 25KB file
If this 25KB file is stored in a 1MB folder, how many files can be
stored in that folder?
1MB = 1,048,576Bytes 25KB = 25,600Bytes
1,048,576Bytes/25,600Bytes = 40.96 files can be stored in a 1MB
What’s More
1. 5Mb = ___________ KB
2. 2Gb = ___________MB
3. 1.5MB = _________Bytes
____ 1.
Get the quotient and remainder again.
____ 2.
Get the quotient and the remainder.
____ 3.
Bring down the quotient, divide it by 2,
____ 4.
Divide the number by 2.
____ 5.
Copy the remainder from bottom to top, and that is the binary
equivalent.
____ 6. Do it repeatedly until the quotient results to 0.
Assessment
1. 25
2. 50
3. 20
4. 15
5. 35
Additional Activities
Let us determine how much you already know about our lesson. Take
this test.
Read each item carefully. Write True if the statement is correct, write False
otherwise.
______1. Hard drives fail earlier than they should because we don’t take care of
them.
______2. Blue screen is caused by a dirty RAM.
______3. File fragmentation itself is the direct cause of hard drive damage.
______4. Pull your flash drive from the port right away after using it.
______5. Proper anti-static protection is needed in holding a RAM.
______6. Handle optical media by the sides.
______7. Electricity isn’t always constant.
______8. Malware can infect the drive and destroy the ability of the computer
to boot.
______9. Backup your files in the same drive to avoid loss of data.
______10. All hard drives die sooner if not properly maintained.
Note: If you get 100% correct in this pre- assessment, skip the lesson but if not
and only get 50% to 99% correct, then proceed with the lesson.
Lesson
Maintain Measuring
3 Instruments
What’s In
What are the tools that you can find around you? What are their
functions? How do you maintain these tools? Why is maintenance of these
tools important?
What’s New
All hard drives die sooner if not properly maintained. Sometimes an early
death is the fault of the manufacturer, but more often than not, hard drives fail
earlier than they should because we don’t take care of them.
Common causes for a hard drive failure:
Physical Damage
Hard drives are more fragile than you might expect them to be. A simple
bump while the hard drive is spinning could be enough to cause a problem. For
maximum safety, never remove your hard drive from the computer case once
they’ve been installed. If you must take them out, do it lightly and quickly, and
use anti-static protection.
Excessive Heat
File Fragmentation
Frequent On-and-Off
The most demanding actions for a hard drive are booting up and shutting
down. As a general rule of thumb, if you’re stepping away for more than a day,
shut it down. If you’re going away for a few hours, consider sending the computer
into standby or hibernation mode. Any less than that, you can either leave the
computer on or send it into sleep mode with powered down disks.
Power Surges
Electricity isn’t always constant. There are times when voltages spike
above normal levels and these are called surges. Surges can cause damage to
electronic devices, which includes computer components. One badly-timed
electrical surge could fry your hard drive. Use a surge protector. This device will
detect surges of electricity and divert it away from the devices that are plugged
in.
Make it a point to eject your drive properly. Make sure you always “safely
remove” your removable device from your PC whenever you are about to
detach it. This prevents sudden data loss and damage to the drive. Pulling
your flash drive or memory card away from its PC socket without doing the
“safely remove” action can lead to total disk damage.
Maintain the integrity of your files. Monitor what goes in and out of the
drive. Accessing peer to peer software, adult sites, and sites with known
malware and spyware issues, can all cause viruses to creep into your PC
storage items and compromise the integrity of your files.
Keep it all safe. Sometimes, no matter how hard you try in protecting
your disks, they are subjected to wear, tear, and other unforeseen factors. To
make sure that you do not instantly lose important data, backup your files in
multiple locations.
OPTICAL MEDIA
CDs and DVDs are extremely delicate data storage media and any type
of mishandling can damage the CD or DVD thereby resulting in data loss.
Therefore, it is important for you to exert caution while using these optical
media. With proper handling, a quality optical disc that is burned well should
be a valuable backup to a hard-drive-based archive for 5 to 10 years.
Do:
1. Use quality discs.
2. Handle discs by the outer edge or the center hole.
3. Store discs upright (book style) in plastic cases specified for CDs and
DVDs.
4. Store discs in a cool, dry, dark environment in which the air is clean.
5. Remove dirt, foreign material, fingerprints, smudges, and liquids by
wiping with a clean cotton fabric in a straight line from the center of the
disc toward the outer edge.
6. Store your discs immediately in a way that protects them from
scratches.
Do not:
1. Touch the surface of the disc.
2. Bend the disc.
3. Store discs horizontally for a long time (years).
4. Expose discs to extreme heat or high humidity.
5. Write or mark in the data area of the disc (the area the laser “reads”).
6. Clean by wiping in a direction going around the disc.
7. Scratch the label side of the disc.
8. Use a solvent-based pen to mark the disc. The solvents can migrate
through the plastic and damage the recording surface. Use only “CD
safe” markers and mark only in the center area of the disc.
9. Try to peel off or reposition a label.
10.Print with inkjet printers – inkjet inks also contain solvents. If using
inkjet printing, be sure to use specialty discs that contain a printable
surface and hard matte finish.
Here are home-based solutions for your data loss woes:
Try cleaning your CD or DVD using a very soft lint-free cloth. Make sure
that you clean the disk using very light strokes.
Evaluate your CD or DVD drive. There are times when the drive itself
becomes corrupted, due to which the CD or DVD is not able to read
data. If your drive is corrupted, do not run any CD or DVD on it because
you may corrupt the optical disks as well.
If you have mildly scratched your optical disk, chances are that the data
has been lost locally. Try polishing the shallow scratches away. For this,
use mild abrasives such as furniture polish or toothpaste. Make sure
that you only use radial strokes to clean away the residue.
If your optical disk has encountered deep scratches, you can use fillers
such as car wax or furniture wax. You will need to cover the entire
surface and then use a clean cloth to rub off the surface. You need to
use only radial strokes.
What’s More
Fill in the blanks with the correct word/s from the box to complete the
statement below. Write your answer in your notebook.
Defragmentation mishandling
loss of data anti-static wrist straps
edge
What have you learned about the lesson? Write your answer
in your notebook.
What I Can Do
SCORING RUBRICS
Attractiveness in terms of
design, layout, and neatness.
Assessment
Additional Activities
Lesson 1:
Rubens, Paul. 2019. www.enterprisestorageforum.com. May 17. Accessed June 23,
2020.
https://www.enterprisestorageforum.com/storage-hardware/types-of-computer-
memory.html
Rouse, Margaret. techtarget.com. Accessed July 2, 2020.
https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/transistor
wikipedia.org. Accessed June 2, 2020
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor
howstuffworks.com. Accessed June 2, 2020
https://computer.howstuffworks.com/update-drivers-computer.htm
Lesson 2:
Paño, Khlaire. 2016. slideshare.net. February 23. Accessed June 17, 2020.
https://www.slideshare.net/KhlairePao/digital-representation-58607073
Lesson 3:
pcdreams. 2016. pcdreams.com.sg. September 21. Accessed June 18, 2020.
https://pcdreams.com.sg/how-to-take-care-of-your-pc-storage-devices-
2/#:~:text=Your%20data%20storage%20devices%2C%20such,irreversible%20loss%
20of%20essential%20data.
Lee, Joel. 2014. makeuseof.com. July 27. Accessed June 25, 2020
https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/care-hard-drives-make-last-longer/