Task 1 - Electromagnetic waves in open media

Individual work

Omar Monroy
Group xx
CC 79832533

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD

Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnología e Ingeniería
TeoríaElectromagnética y Ondas
2022 16-04
 Exercisesdevelopment

Activity
Answers: (write with your own words)
1. A means of propagation in the concept of waves, refers to the liquid,
gaseous or solid space, in which mechanical or electromagnetic waves
are transported from one place to another, depending on their
fundamental parameters.
2. It is a measure that relates how a means of propagation transports
an electromagnetic wave, with the losses that it generates due to the
direction of the field or the means of propagation.
3. Due to the fact that the loss tangent of a medium determines the
quality of conduction or transport of an electromagnetic field, then this
index can be used to qualify the quality of insulation. This relates the
dielectricity of a material
4. It is the distance in which the wave decays to 1/e (approximately
37% of its value) through a conducting medium.
Application exercise:
The following 4-step exercise describes the method to characterize an
electromagnetic wave when propagating in an open environment, for which,
each student must choose 1 propagation media of the proposed in Table 1 and
announce it within the Task 1forum to avoid repetition.

Table 1: Conductivity σ and electrical permittivity ε rof some media.

Media σ [S /m] ε r[ ]
1. Copper 5.80 x 10
7
1
2. Sea water 4 80
3. Air 5.5 x 10
−15
1.0005
4. Vegetable soil 1.00 x 10−2 14
5. Drysoil 1.00 x 10−4 3
6. Sweet water 1.00 x 10
−3
80
7. Vacuum 0 1
−12 2 2
ε =ε r ε o ; ε o =8.8542 x 10 C /N m

Step 1:Calculate the tangent of losses Tan (δ) and the angle of losses δ of
the medium chosen in Table 1, if through it travel an electromagnetic wave E
of frequency f =(CCC+10) MHz . Note that CCC are the last 3 digits of your
identification number.
σ σ
tan ( δ )= =
ω ε 2 πf ε r ε o
 The chosen medium is
ε r=¿80 ¿
6. Sweet water σ =1.00 x 10
−3
S/m

f =( 533+10 ) =543 MHz .

−3
σ σ 1.00 x 10 S /m
( )
tan δ = = = =413.7909 x 10−6
ω ε 2 πf ε r ε o 2 π ( 543 x 10 Hz )( 80C / N m ) ( 8.8542 x 10 C /N m )
6 2 2 −12 2 2

−3
−1 1.00 x 10 S /m
δ=tan ( )=0.02370847°
2 π ( 543 x 10 Hz ) ( 80 C 2 /N m2 ) (8.8542 x 10−12 C2 / N m2)
6

Step 2:According to the result obtained in point 1, classify the behavior of the
chosen medium according to one of the 5 options in Table 2:
Media Tan(δ) δ [°]
1. Perfect dielectrics (Not dissipative) Tan(δ) = 0 δ = 0°

2. Good insulators (Lost low dielectric) 0 < Tan(δ) <= 0,1 0° <δ<= 6°

3. Dissipative dielectrics (Dielectrics with losses) 0,1 < Tan(δ) <= 10 6° <δ<= 84°

4. Good conductors (Good conductors) Tan(δ) > 10 84°<δ< 90°

5. Perfect conductors (Perfect conductors) Tan(δ) >>> 10 δ = 90°

Table 2: Classification of propagation media.
R/ The medium can be determined as a good insulator, since the loss tangent
was between 0 and 0.1.
Step 3: According to the classification obtained in step 2 and using Table 3
shown below, calculate the following propagation parameters of the wave in
the chosen medium:
a. Propagation constant  (gamma).
b. Attenuation constant  (Alpha).
c. Phase constant  (Beta).

Good
Parameter Notdissipative Lostlowdielectric Dielectricswithlosses
conductors
γ jω √ με jω √ με √ jωμ(σ + j ωε) √ jω σ μo
α 0 ση/2 ℜ¿) √ πf σ μ o
β ω √ με ω √ με ℑ() √ πf σ μ o
η √ μ/ε √ μ/ε √ jω μ/(σ + j ωε)
Table 3:Propagation parameters in open media.
−6
μ=μ r μ o ; μ r=1 ( non−magnetic media ) ; μ o=1.2566 x 10 T m/ A

Note thatω=2 πf , μ=μ r μ o andε =ε r ε o ; σ =1.00 x 10 S/m

−3

Response:
−12 2 2
ε o=8.8542 x 10 C /Nm

80∗8.8542 x 10−12 C2 −12 2 2

ε =ε r ε o= 2
=708.336 x 10 C / N m
Nm

ω=2 πf =2 π ( 543 x 10 MHz )=3.4118 x 10 rad / s

6 9

rad /m
6
√
γ= jω √ με= j ( 2 πx 543 x 10 rad / s ) [ ( 708.336 x 10
−12
C /N m ) (1.2566 x 10 T
2 2 −6 m
A
)]=¿101.788305j

η=√ μ /ε=
√[ (
(1 ) 1.2566 x 10−6 T
m
A )]
/ ( 708.336 x 10 C /N m )=¿ 42.11907 Ω
−12 2 2

α =ση/2=¿ S/m ¿()¿ /2=¿0.02106 Np/m

β=ω √ με = ( 2 πx 543 x 10 rad /s )

rad /m
6

√[ (
( 1 ) 1.2566 x 10−6 T
m
A )]
∗( 708.336 x 10−12 C 2 /N m2 )=¿ 101.7883
Step 4:According to the results obtained in step 3 and using the following
equations, calculate the propagation characteristics of the wave in the chosen
medium:
a. Propagation speed v p .
b. Wavelength λ .
c. The penetration depth of the δ pwave in the medium.

Perform the operation on a virtual scientific calculator, paste the image of the
operation on the report, then write the result including the units.
9
3.4118 x 10 rad / s 6
V p= =33.518286977 x 10 m/s
1.4641 rad /m
2π
λ= =0.0617279 m
1.4641rad /m
1
δ p= =47.484418647 m
|1.4641 Np /m|
Interpretation: According to the concepts explored, explain in your own
words the meaning and the result obtained for: tan ( δ ) ,V p , λ and δ p.

Example:
 The value of the loss tangent δ_p allows me to identify the class of
good conductor or insulator of the studied material, which, in this
specific case, uses sweet water as a means of transport and an
electric field at a frequency listed in this document. , results in an
insulator of good quality or little loss.
 Although the means of transport, which is fresh water, is not a
good conductor, thanks to the frequency of the wave of the electric
field, it reaches a high speed of propagation (V p).
 λ : Taking into account the length of the electric field wave, it can
be said that this wave measures from the beginning of its cycle to
the beginning of the next, approximately 62 millimeters.
 δ p.taking into account that the material is a good insulator, it limits the
penetration or entry of the wave, for which the medium allows the
entry of the wave approximately 48 meters

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