Task 1 - Electromagnetic waves in open media

Individual work format

CRISTIAN CASTAÑO
203058_96
75107337

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD

Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnología e Ingeniería
Teoría Electromagnética y Ondas
2021 16-04
 Exercises development

Activity
Answers: (write with your own words)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Application exercise:
The following 5-step exercise describes the method to characterize an
electromagnetic wave when propagating in an open environment, for which,
each student must choose 1 propagation media of the proposed in Table 1 and
announce it within the Task 1 forum to avoid repetition.
Table 1: Conductivity σ and electrical permittivity ε rof some media.

Media σ [S /m] εr [ ]
1. Copper 5.80 x 107 1
2. Sea water 4 80
3. Air 5.5 x 10−15 1.0005
4. Vegetable soil 1.00 x 10−2 14
5. Dry soil 1.00 x 10−4 3
6. Sweet water 1.00 x 10−3 80
7. Vacuum 0 1
−12 2 2
ε =ε r ε o ; ε o =8.8542 x 10 C /N m

1. Calculate the tangent of losses Tan (δ) and the angle of losses δ of the
medium chosen in Table 1, if through it travel an electromagnetic wave E
of frequency f =(CCC+10) MHz. Note that CCC are the last 3 digits of your
identification number.
σ σ
tan ( δ )= =
ω ε 2 πf ε r ε o

Example:
Identification number 75107337 then CCC=337

Then: f =( 337+10 ) MHz=347 MHz=347 x 106 Hz

Selected propagation medium: sea water

Conductivity: σ =4 S / m
Electrical permittivity: ε r=80

Attention, for the calculations:

1. Replace your values (with units) in the equation.
2. Perform the operation on a virtual scientific calculator. *
3. Paste the calculator image into the report.
4. Write the answer with your units.
If the image is not included, the exercise rating is 0 points.
* You can use https://www.geogebra.org/scientific

σ σ 4 S/m
tan ( δ )= = =
ω ε 2 πf ε r ε o 2 π∗347 x 10 Hz∗80∗8.8542 x 10−12 C 2 / N m2
6

Ta n−1 ( Tand ) =68.89 °

2. According to the result obtained in point 1, classify the behavior of the

chosen medium according to one of the 5 options in Table 2:

Table 2: Classification of propagation media.

Media Tan(δ) δ [°]
1. Perfect dielectrics (Not dissipative) Tan(δ) = 0 δ = 0°

2. Good insulators (Lost low dielectric) 0 < Tan(δ) <= 0,1 0° < δ <= 6°

3. Dissipative dielectrics (Dielectrics with losses) 0,1 < Tan(δ) <= 10 6° < δ <= 84°

4. Good conductors (Good conductors) Tan(δ) > 10 84°< δ < 90°

5. Perfect conductors (Perfect conductors) Tan(δ) >>> 10 δ = 90°

3. According to the classification obtained in point 2 and using Table 3 shown
below, calculate the following propagation parameters of the wave in the
chosen medium:
 a. Propagation constant  (gamma).
b. Attenuation constant  (Alpha).
c. Phase constant  (Beta).

Table 3: Propagation parameters in open media.

Paramete Not Lost low Dielectrics with Good

r dissipative dielectric losses conductors
γ jω √ με jω √ με √ jωμ(σ + j ωε) √ jω σ μo
α 0 ση/2 ℜ¿) √ πf σ μ o
β ω √ με ω √ με ℑ() √ πf σ μ o
η √ μ/ε √ μ/ε √ jω μ/(σ+ j ωε) √ jω μo /σ
−6
μ=μ r μ o ; μ r=1 ( non−magnetic media ) ; μ o=1.2566 x 10 T m/ A

a. Propagation constant  (gamma).

γ = √ j2 πf μ( σ + j 2 πf ε )

s
√
γ = j∗2 π∗347∗106∗1.2566∗1 0−6 ( 4
m
+ j∗2 π∗347∗106∗80∗8.8542 x 10−12 C 2 /N m2)

γ =61.303+ 89.382 j

b. Attenuation constant  (Alpha).

Np
¿ 61.303355029
m
 c. Phase constant  (Beta).
¿ 89.38242863 j

4. According to the results obtained in point 3 and using the following

equations, calculate the propagation characteristics of the wave in the
chosen medium:
a. Propagation speed v p .
b. Wavelength λ .
c. The penetration depth of the δ pwave in the medium.

Perform the operation on a virtual scientific calculator, paste the image of the
operation on the report, then write the final result including the units.
w
V p=
B

2π
λ=
B

1
Sp=
|a|

Interpretation
Interpretation: According to the concepts explored, explain in your own words the meaning
and the result obtained for: tan ( δ ) , V p , λ and δ p.

The loss tangent is the value which must be calculated using values such as
conductivity, frequency, etc. in order to know in which group of propagation
parameters said medium is located.

Vp is the value found in the process in order to know the speed with which the
electromagnetic wave propagates in the medium.

The wavelength is that value that is calculated with the distance that exists
between two points of the wave before it repeats itself. Its value is calculated
in meters since we are talking about units of length.

The penetration depth, as its name implies, is the distance that the
electromagnetic wave can penetrate in the study medium in which it is
propagating.

Application example

Example:

An example of electromagnetic waves in propagation media is radio, since

these waves travel at a certain frequency through the air to the devices that
perceive them.

Video link

URL: https://youtu.be/0bMFYDh6Z8A

References

Reference 1:

Examples of reference formats:

Physical book.
Surname, A., & Surname, B. (Year). Title of the book. (pp. xx-xx). City,
Country: Editorial.

Chapter of a physical book.

Surname, A., & Surname, B. (Year). Title of the chapter or the entry. Title of
the book (pp. xx-xx). City, Country: Editorial.

EBook.
Surname, A. (Year). Title of the book. (pp. xx-xx). Country: Editorial.
Retrieved from http: // ...

Chapter of an electronic book.

Surname, A., & Surname, B. (Year). Title of the chapter or the entry. Title of
the book (pp. xx-xx). City, Country: Editorial. Retrieved from http: // ...

Internet video.
Surname, N. (Year). Title of the video Video server [Video]. Retrieved from
http: // ...