Professional Documents
Culture Documents
58-0720m بالإيمان موسى Vgr-Ara
58-0720m بالإيمان موسى Vgr-Ara
N OǮ FƱ
ͫ NǯǹƱȫ ǫƱƳP
EǶǺǫ' FǶǩDZ F# ǛƸǯǯǫ' ǰǮ (Ʊǁǐƫǫ' Ʊǵǹ# LJǺDŽǫ' -Ʊƴǐ ǪǺǣǺDZ .# ǧǫ 'LJǩǍ K ك
ƱǯQƳLJǫ -ƱƴǑǫ' Q 'džǴ ǭ Q
ǬǩƸǹ ǪǺǣǺDZ .ƫǫ' 9/# Ǹ Q
DZ # Ƕǫ dz Q
DZ # *LJǩƸǢ' DžǦǫ ƵǯǺDŽǫ' ǸǢ ƱDzǴ
K
9ǶǓǶǮ ǰǜ Ʊǔǹ# ƹǁƳ# ƶDzǨ DžǦǢ ǭQ ƺN ǰǮH EǶǺǫ' !ƱNjǮ 'džǴ ǪǝǢ# F# DHƱǀ#
FǶǩǹ F#F# DHƱǁDZ AǶNJ (LJǫ' Q ƵưǺǎǯƳHؼƱǮH -ƱƴǑǫ' Q 'džǵǫ Džǀƫǫ' ƵNJ1Džǯǫ ƵNJ'1/
'džǴ Džǀƫǫ' ƵNJ1Džǯǫ ƵNJ'1DžǬǫ )K Q/ƱǮ ƱDzǹDžǫ
K
ƱǯǩǢ 'Džƽ !ƱƸNjǮ
K ƶDzǨ DžǥH ǸǫǶǐH ǷǬǜ ƱƴǹLJǦƷ K FƱǜǶƴNJ# ǷǔǮ DžǦǫ Fƪǫ' b
(ƱǴdžǫ' Q ǸDZƱǩǮƱƳ Džǝǹ ǭǫH ƵǮDžDŽǫ' F'DžǺǮ ǸǢ 'Džƽ 'Džƽ K K ƶǦǴ1#ʹ Džǥ ǸDzDZ# FǶǯǬǝƷ
K
ǡǫHH ǸǢ EƱǹ# ƵƺƱǬƺ ƶǺǔǮƫǢ ƱǬǺǬǥ ƿǹLJƸNJ# Ǹǩǫ )/Ƕǝǫ' ǸǬǜ Q FƱǨ 'džǫ 'džǴ ǰǮ DžǝƳ#
1ǶǝǎƳ
M Ǜ QƸǯƷ# ǸDzDZ' G"ـ LJQ ǩ Ǣ# ƶǀ1H 1ǶQDzǫ' *LJǑƳ# ƹǺǀ ǸǨƱƸDzǨ ǸǢ CƱDzǴ E'/ ǧǹLJǨ
ـLJǺDŽƳ ƱDZ# Fƪǫ' ǛƯ'1 M
ǒǝƴƳ ƵǦǬǝƸǮ Q ƵǺǮǶǩǀ
Q ƵǫƫNjǮ FƱǨ ǸDzǵƽ'H LJǮ# DH#H ǸǫLjDzǮ Ƿǫ' *DžǜH c
ƶǨ1/ƫǢ ǧǁǔǹ LJǝǦǫ' Ƿǫ' ǪǣNJƫǫ' Ƿǫ' '/ QDžƾǮ ǸDzƳdžƽ Jdžǫ' LJǮƫǫ' ƵǺǫƱǯǫ' Q Q ƲƯ'LJǔǫ'
K QDžƾǮ ǡǥ#H Ƶǀ'LJǫ'
'/ Q Džƽƫǫ ǰǺǜǶƴNJ# H# 9ǶƴNJ# ǰǮ LJƻǨ# ǸDzǮLjǬǹ AǶNJ dz Q
DZ ƫƳ džưDzǺǀ
M
M
ǸǮDžǥ
Q ǷǬǜ
Ƶ Qǹ# JDžǫ
Q ljǺǫH *'LJǺǺǠ QƸǫ' ǒǝƳ ǸƸǮDžǃ DžǵǎƷ AǶNJ ILJǃ# Ƶǵƽ P ǰǮ d
K
ƵƴNjQDzǫƱƳ Fƪǫ'H LJQǩǢ#H ƱƴDZƱƽ ƶǺǁDzƷ Q ƲƴNjǫ' Q 'džǵǫH DHDžƾǫ' ǷǬǜ ƵƽN 1N ʹDž OǮ *ƱǜƱǯƸƽs
K K
Q Ƶǀ'1 Ƶǀ'LJǫ' ǰǮ ƱǗNjǥ džǃ" AǶNJ ǸDZQ ƫƳ DžǦƸǜ# ƵǮ/ƱǦǫ' ƵǬǺǬǦǫ' ǛǺƳƱNJƫǬǫ
ƵǮƱƷ
(LJǫ'
Q LJǚƸDZ#H
ƱDzǝǮ 'Ƕǫ'2 ƱǮ ǰǹdžǫ'H Q ǷǮ'DžǦǫ' FǶƳ1Ʊǁǯǫ' EǶǺǫ' ƱDzǴ FHLJǓƱǁǫ' ǭǩDzǮ LJǺƻǩǫ'H e
Q
ƱǮ ǪǨ džǣDzǹ Q dzDZQ ƫƳ ǰǴLJƳ ƱǯǫƱǗǫ dzDZQ ƫƳH ƱDzǫ (LJǫ' Q FHLJQǨdžƸǹ ǪǹǶǖ ǰǮ2 džDzǮ
Q dzǫƱǥ ƱǮ ǪǨ
dzǫǶǦǹ FƱǨ
LJƾǀ ƱDzǝǓH ǰǺǀ -ƱƴǑǫ' Q C'0 ǸǢ ƱDzǵǴ ƵNjǺDzǩǫ' ǸǢ Ƶǹ'Džƴǫ' ǸǢ 'HLJQǨdžƷH f
Q ǡǺǨ ƵǯǺDŽǬǫ 3ƱNJƫǫ'
ǸƳƱƸǨ AƱǬǟ Ƶǁǣǐ ǷǬǜLJƾǁǫ' ǸǢ ǛǓP OHH ƲƸP OǨ Džǥ ƱǮؼdzDZ#
Q C'0 ǸǢ *LJǵǙ ǸƸǫ'Q ƵǯǺǚǝǫ' Ʊǹ$LJǫ'
ƵǯǺDŽǫ' GdžǴQ ـƶǫƱǥ -ƱƴǑǫ' Q ǧǬƷ QFƱǢ 3 QDžǦǯǫ'
ـǧǫ ƶNjǺǫ
'0'H !ƱǯNjǫ'Q ƶǁƷ ǸDzǣǥH#H ,1ƱDŽǫ' Ƿǫ' ǸDZdžǃƫǢ (ـ1 Ʊǹ ǸǴ ǰǹ# ـƶǬǦǢ g
'džǩǴH ƱǵƸǵǨƱǢH LJƾǎǫ' Q ǪƻǮ FƱƴǬǐ ƵƺƱǬƺ I1# ǸƳ '0'H *LJǚDzǢ ǤǬǗDzǹ *ǶǑƳ M
) QDžǜ *'ǶDzNJ
M N
džDzǮ ƶDZ ȧH O/ DžǦǫ Ʊǹ$LJǫ' ǧǬƷ ǸǴ ƱǮ FǶǯǬǝƷ ǭƸDZ# ǧǺǫ'H/
Q
ƱǴ'H1 ǸƸǫ'1ǶǮƫǫ' ǒǝƳ ǰǜ dzǺǢ #LJǥ# ƶǀ1H ƱǯǹDžǥ K ƱKƳƱƸǨ EǶǹ *'0 *LJƸǃ' DžǦǫ h
K Q N
ǪǨƱǎǯǫ' ǧǬƷ ǰǜ Ʊǔǹ# *#LJǥH ƶǦǦǁƷ F# Ʊǵǫ ǤƴN NJN !ƱǺǍ# ǰǜH ƱǵDzǜ ƫƴQ DzƷ Džǥ (LJǫ' Q
ƱK ǺǢLJǀ
Q ƶǬǑǀ Džǥ Ʊǵ Q
ǬǨ1ǶǮƫǫ' ǧǬƷH (LJǁǫ' (ǶǎDZ Ƶ ǺǣǺǨ
Q ǰǜH ƵƴǺƴ Q
ǎǫ' ǛǮ
ƵǥǶǗDzǯǫ' ƵǯǬǩǫ' b
Q
Ʊǫ# DžǝƳ ƱǦǦǁƸǹ ǭǫ ǰǺDzƺ' ǰǹLJǮ# IǶNJ ƵǯǺǚǝǫ' *'ƬƴQDzǫ' ǧǬƷ IDžǀ' ǰǮ ǤƴƸǹ ȥ ǭǫ i
Q
ƱǴ/ǶǦDZ ǰǫ ƱǯDZQ ' ǭQǩǁƷ 2Ʊǵƽ ƵǗNJ'ǶƳ LJǺNjƷ ǸƸǫ'H ƵǔǺƴǫƱƳ ƵǵǺƴǎǫ' Q *'1ƱǺNjǫ' ƱǯǴH
ǛǗNjǹ AǶNJ džƯDžǝƳHM Q
ƱǵƸǨLJǀ ǷǬǜ ƵǺƷ'džǫ' )LJǗǺNjǫ' Q ƵǗNJ'ǶƳ ƱǵNjǣDzƳ ƱǵNjǣDZ /ǶǦƷ ƱǵDZQ '
ǸǦƷLJƷ AǶNJ ƵǯǺǚǜ )#LJǮsؼAǶNJH )ـ#LJǯǫ' ƵǮQ 'Ȟ ǸǴ ƱǨLJǺǮ# QFƫǫ ـƵǯǺǚǜ )#LJǮs ǭƾDZ
ƵǬǮƱǨ )/ƱƳ' CƱDzǴ FǶǩǹ AǶNJ ǧǫ0 DžǝƳH dzƳƱǍ ƱǮ H# /ƱǬƴǫ' ƵNjǺƯ1 ƿƴǑƷH ƱǺǫƱǜ K
ƱǴLJNJƫƳ /ƱǬƴǫ' ǷǬǜ ǷǔǦʹ Oǹ AǶNJ
LJǃƪǫ' Fƫǎǫ' ƱǮ# Q (LJǫ' Q dzǬǦǹ ʹ ǭǫ LJǮƫǫ' 'džǴ ƵǚǀƱǬǯǫ' ǷƽLJʹ OǹؼdzǝǥǶƷ# Q ƱǮ 'džǴH a`
AǶNJ ǭǫƱǝǫ' FƫƳ ƶǝǥǶƷ Q aicc EƱǝǫ' ǸǢ ǸDzQDzǩǫH (LJǫ' Q ǰǮ dzDZQ ƱǢ )#LJǯǫ' 5ǶǑDŽƳ
ـaigg EƱǝǫ' Ǫƴǥ ƵǬǮƱǨ )/ƱƳs Džǵǎǹ
Jdžǫ'Q ǶǁQDzǫ' ǷǬǜ GLJǺǮDžƷ ǷǬǜ '1/Ʊǥ K K
ƱǮ ƱưǺǍ FǶǩǬǯǹ ǭǵDZQ ƫƳ ƱǵDzǺǀ Ǫǵƽ# ƶDzǨH aa
9Hdžƽ ǒǝƳ !ƱDzƻƸNJƱƳ EƱ QƸǫ' !ƱDzǣǫ' ǰǮ ƵǫƱǀ M ǸǢ /ƱǬƴǫ' ƶǹ#1 ǸDzDZQ # LJǺǟ Fƪǫ' ǭǵǹDžǫ
dzƳƱǍ ƱǮ H# LJƾǎǫ' Q *ƱǮLJǥ ILJǀƫǫƱƳ H#
ƱǵǬǨQ ƶǯƷQ Džǥ ILJǃƫǫ' 1ǶǮƫǫ' ǧǬƷ ƶDZƱǨ FƱǢ Fƪǫ' ǤǦǁƸƸǫ Q ƱǵǦǹLJǖ ǸǢ ƱǵDZQ ƱǢ 'džǫ ab
ǸǢ ƱDzǴ DƱǥ ƱǯǨ ƱǮƱǯƷK K
Ʊǔǹ# +DžǁƷ AǶNJ !ƱǺǍƫǫ' GdžǵǢ (LJǫ' DƱǥ ƱǯǨ ǕƴǔǫƱƳ Q
AǶNJ dzDZQ ƱǢ ǷǫHƫǫ' )LJǯǫ' Q ǸǢ !Ʊƽ Džǥ ƿǺNjǯǫ' QF# ƱǯƴǢ dzǫƱǥ ƱǮ 'džǴ 3 QDžǦǯǫ' (ƱƸǩǫ'
ǰǺǯǫƱǜH LJǮƫǫ' 'džǴ ILJDZ ƱDzDZQ # ƱǯƳH ǤǦǁƸƷ Q AǶNJ ƱǵǫƱǥ ǸƸǫ'Q !ƱǺǍƫǫ' ǪǨH ƵǺDZƱƺ K ǸƷƫǹ
ǧǍH ǷǬǜ ƶǁƴǐ# ƵNjǺDzǩǫ' QFƫƳ KƱǔǹ# ǰǺǢ1ƱǜH ƶDZN N/ Džǥ ƵǮƫǨ Q ƱDzƸǜƱNJ QFƫƳ ؼƱDzDZQ ƫƳ
Q
dzDZƫƳ ALJǝǺǢ LJǃ" ǸDZƱǯǬǜM Ǫƽ1 J# Q H# ƱǮ E/Ʊǃ M ƲǬǥ
N CLJǁƷ Q AǶNJ ƱǵDZQ ƱǢ ǡǗN NƸDŽʹ ƷO F#
Džǥ ƶǥH ǭǚǜ# Ƕǵǫ 'džǴ ǸǫƱǁǫ' ƱDzDzǮ2 QF' Fƪǫ' dzǎǺǝDZ Jdžǫ'Q ǰǮLjǫ'H
N Q EǶǺǫ' ǶǴ 'džǴ
ƱǦǀ Ʋǟ1# ǸDZƱǢ 'džǫ ƵNjǺDzǩǫ' LJǑǜ ǶǴ 'džǴH 61ƫǫ' dzƽH ǷǬǜ FƱNjDZƱǫ' dzǺǢ 4Ʊǜ
'ǶǬǑƷ F# ǸǢ
FǶǩǹ AǶNJ dzDZQ ƫƳؼǭǵǺǬǜ QFƫƳ I1#H ƵǯǺDŽǫ' ǸǢ dzDZQ ƫƳ ƶǹ#1 DžǦǫ ILJǃ# Ƶǵƽ
M ǰǮ ac
ǂǫ' GLJǺǟH ljǬƾǯǫ' !Ʊǔǜ# ǒǝƴǫ (ƱDŽƸDZ' )/Ʊǜ' ǰǮ ƱǜǶDZ K ƵNjǺDzǩǫ' ǸǢ CƱDzǴ
ǭƸDzǨ ƱǯǫƱǗǫH ǕǺǎDz QƸǫ'H ǧǹLJǁ QƸǫ' ǒǝƴǫ LJǺǠǐ 9ƱǯƸƽƱǫ
M ƵƽƱǁƳ ƵNjǺDzǩǫ'HH ad
K
ǸDZƱǢ ǸƸǵƽ ǰǮHƱǔǹ# ǭǩǫ ƵǨLJƳ FƱǨ Džǥ ƱDzǴ J1ǶǔǀH ǸDZǶǯƸǨ1ƱƳ DžǦǫH ǸǝǮ !ƱǣǗǫ
ǷǬǜ ǭǩǫ dzƸǬǥ ƱǮ ǪǨQ ǭƸǬƴǥ DžǦǫH Ʊǔǹ#
K K
ƱDZ# Ǹǫ ƵǨLJƳ FƱǨ Džǥ ǭǩǝǮ J/ǶƽH QFƫƳ Ǥƺ'H
Q ƱǴƱǹ' ǸDZ'1# ǸƸǫ'Q ƵǦǺǦǁǫ' dzDZQ #
'džǴ ǭǩǫ 1 QDžǥ# ǸDZ'ƱDZ#H dzǬǫ'
ǭǹǶǦƷ Ǫƽ# ǰǮ Ƶƴƽ'Ƕǫ' 1ǶǮƫǫ' ǒǝƴǫ ƶǵƴQ DzƷ ƱǴDžǝƳH ǪǯǝǫƱƳ *LJǍƱƳ džƯDžDzǜ M ae
ǭǩǫ ǪǔǢƫǫ' ǰǯǢ LJǮƫǫ' 'džǴ Ƶǵƽ'ǶǮ ǭǩǔǢ1 DƱǀ ǸǣǢ 'džǫ dzƽǶǫ ƱǵƽH K FǶǬƳƱǦƸǹ
ƵǹƱǵQDzǫ' Ƿǫ'LJǮƫǫ' 'džǴ Ƶǵƽ'ǶǮ IǶNJ ǭǩǮƱǮ# LJǃ" 1ƱǺǃ M ǰǮ ƱǮ dz DZQ ƫǫ /ƱǬƴǫ' 'H1/ƱǠƷ F#
ƿǬǗǑǹH
N Q
I QǶNjN Oǹ AǶNJ !ǸǍ ǪǨH ƱDzǵǴ ƵǯǺDŽǫ' ǸǢ ƱDzƷ'!ƱǦǫ ǸǢ )/Ʊǝǫ' ǸǴ ƱǯǨ
ǭǝQDzǫ' )DžƯƱǮ ǷǬǜ ƿǺNjǯǫ' DžNjƽ J# ƱǝǮ K ƵǨLJǎǫ' Q Ljƴǃ ƱDZLJNjǨ DžǥH *'Ƕǃ#H )Ƕǃs ƱDzDZQ ƫǫ
Q
ƲƴQ NjƸǹ ǰǮN ǶǵǢ dzǬǨ 'džǴ !'1H ǶǴ FƱǗǺǎǫ' Q QF' ǪƳ !ǸǎƳ ljǺǫ dzǬǨ Q 'džǴH *ƱǨLJƴǫ'H
Ǫǐ'Hƫǫ' ǤǹLjǯƷH ǤǹLJǣƸǬǫ Ʊǔǹ# K ǷǝNjǹ dzDZQ # ƱǯǨ ƵǺƴǬNjǫ'
Q LJǜƱǎǯǫ' DƱǝƸǢƱƳH ƫǗDŽǫƱƳ
Ƿǫ' FƱǩǮM Q
ǰǮ ǪǦDzƸDzǢ ǪǺŋǺDZ .ƫǫ' ǛǮ ǤǢ'LJƷ# AǶNJH ǪǺƴǦǫ' N 'džǴ ǰǮ LJǃ" LJǮ# M J# H#
ǡǦƷH ƶƴȥ ƻƸƸǢ ƵǯǹDžǦǫ' ƵǯǺDŽǫ' )/Ƕǜ ǰǺǀ Ƿǫ' ǒǝƳ ǛǮ ǭǵǔǝƳ 3ƱDzǫ' ǛǯƾDZH LJǃ"
Jdžǫ'Q ƲƴNjǫ'Q QF' Fƪǫ' ƱDzNjǀ K Q *ǶǩǬǮ ǶǁDZ ƱǝǮ
dzǬǫ' K EDžǦ QƸǫ' Ǫƽ# ǰǮ ƱǵǺǮDžǥ ǷǬǜ '/ K QDžƾǮ
ǸǴ -ƱƴǑǫ' Q 'džǴ ƱDzǴ ƵǜǶǯƾǯǫ' )LJǺǠǑǫ' Q ƱDzƸǜǶǯƾǮ QF# ǶǴ EƱǬǩǫ' 'džǴ DǶǥƫǫ ǸDzǝǢ/
LJǮƫǫ' 'džǵƳ ƵǺDz ȥ ʹǝǯǫ'
N
(ƱǴdžǫ' JǶDZ# džƯDžǝƳHM ǰǩǯǹ ƱǮ 9LJNJƫƳ /Ƕǜ# ǭQ ƺN ǰǮH ƱǬǺǬǥ K -ƱƷ1# AǶNJ Fƪǫ'H ag
Q
D'ǶǮƫǫ' dzǬǫ' ƵưǺǎǯƳ EDžDŽƸNJ# AǶNJ )LJǯǫ' Q GdžǴ ǸǢH ƵǮDžDŽǫ' ǪǦǀ Ƿǫ' '/ K QDžƾǮ
ƼǮƱDZLJƳؼǸǢ CƱDzǴ ƵǯǨ'LJƸǯǫ' ƵǐƱDŽǫ' Q Ǹǫ'ǶǮ# ƱǵƸǬǯƽ ǰǮH ƱǴƱDzǝǯƽ ǸƸǫ'Q ƵǬǺǬǦǫ'
*'LjǺǵƾ QƸǫ' ǒǝƳH )DžǹDžƽ ƵǯǺǃ ǷǬǜ DǶǑǁǫ' Džǹ1#H ,1ƱDŽǫ' ǸǢ 'džǴ ƵǮDžDŽǫ'
Ƿǫ' ƵNjǺDzǨ ǰǮ Ʊǫ ƵǮDžDŽǫ' LJǍƱƳ# ƹǺǀ F'DžǺǯǫ' Ƿǫ' ǤǬǗDZ# ǭȥ ƺN ǰǮH Ʊǔǹ# K )DžǹDžƾǫ'
ƵǐƱDŽǫ'
Q ƱDzƷƱǜƱǯƸƽ' ǸǢ ƱǮ K ODžǥO ǸǔǯǬǫ ƱǯDZQ ' ILJǃ#
Q
Q K
ǸǢ ǰǩǫH ǛƯ'1 LJǮ# ǶǴH ǸDZǶǜ/ Džǥ ǰǹdžǫ' )ǶǃƫǬǫ ƱǬǴƱƾƷ ljǺǫ 'džǴH Fƪǫ' ah
ǛǺǯƽ ǸƷƫǺǢ C1Ƕǔǀ ǰǜ FǶDzǬǝ Oǹ *'LJǯƷƬǯǫ' GdžǴ ǸǢ dzDZQ ƫƳ ǘǀƱǬDZ FƱǺǀƫǫ' LJƻǨ#
'džǴ ǭǵǫ'ǶǮ# ƲǁNJ ǕǦǢ ƱǵǢDžǴ )LJǺƴǨ ƵƾǓ Q 1ƱƻƷO ƵǹƱǵQDzǫ' ǸǢ ƱǯǺǩǫ C$ƱǥDžǐ#
ljǺǫ 'džǴ'džǵǢ 'džǫ FǶǯǵǣƷ# Ƕ QƸǬǫ dzƸǣǎƸǨ' ƱǮ 'džǴ ƲNjǁǢ ʹ 3ƱDzǫ' !ƱǫƬǴ ALjDzƸNjǹ
ƲǬƾǫ ƵƽƱǁƳ ǭƸNjǫ ǭƸDZ# ǭǵǝǯƾDZ F# ƱDzDzǩǯǹ ƹǺǀ ƱDZƱǩǮ K DžǹLJDZ ƱDzDZQ ' DžǺƾǫ' Q LJǮƫǫƱƳ
K
ؼƱǺǫƱǀ 'džǩǴH FǶǯǵǣƷ ǪǴ (LJǫ' Q 'ǶǮDžǃ'HH ǕǦǢ 'ǶǫƱǝƷ ǭǩǫ'ǶǮ#
ǧǬƷ FHLJǨdžƷ ǭƸDZ# ǸƸǮDžǃ DžǺǝǐ ǷǬǜ JLJƾǹ LJǺǺǠƷ L ǰǴ'LJǫ' Q ƶǥǶǫ' ǸǢ CƱDzǴ ai
Q ȝ
ǸDzǝPǬǗ Oǹ F# 1ƱǚƸDZƱƳ ǕǦǢ CƱDzǴ ǡǥǶƷ'H ǭǴDžǀ# DžǺƳ ǧNjǮ# P ƶDzǨO ƱǮDžDzǜ ƵƴǦǁǫ'
LJƯ'LJNJ ƵǢLJǝǮ ǧDZƱǩǮƱƳ ƿƴǑǹ ƹǺǀ ƶǥH L ǸƷƫǹ AǶNJ ـDƱǥ DžǦǫ dzƸǬǩǎǮ ǷǬǜ (LJǫ' Q
K
ǪǺǥ ƱǯǨ ƱǮƱǯƷ ǪǑǀ Džǥ LJǮƫǫ' 'džǴ QFƫƳ ALJǝǹ ǭǩDzǮ Džǀ'H M Q
ǪǨ ـ3ƱQDzǫ' (ǶǬǥ ǰǖ'ǶƳH
AǶNjNǫH ƱǵDzǜ FƱǬǜƱǫ' ǤƴNJ Džǥ ǸƸǫ'H Q ƱǵDzǜ ƫƴQ DzN NƸ Oǯǫ' ƵǺǫƱ QƸǫ' )ǶǗDŽǫ' ǸǴ GdžǴ Fƪǫ'H Ǹǫ
ƵǚǁǬǫ' Q GdžǴ ǸǢ Fƪǫ' 1Ʊƽ LJǺǺǠ QƸǫ' 'džǴH FHLJƷ# LJǺƴǨ ǪǩǎƳ dzǬǨ Q 'džǴ ǷǗDŽƸƷ
Q
M M
K
ƱǫHƱǁǮ ƲƯ'LJǔǫ' Q ǤǹLJǖ ǰǜ ǸƸǯƽƱǵǮ Ƿǫ' FƱǗǺǎǫƱƳ Q 'Džǀ Jdžǫ'Q ƲƴNjǫ' Q ǶǴ 'džǴH b`
dzƸǺDzƽ Džǥ 4LJǥ Q
M ǪǨ ǰǜ ǪM ǃʹ N/ ƵƴǹLJǔƳ Ʊǵǫ ǰǹ/# ǸƸǫ' ƵǗǬNjǫ' Q Q QFƫƳ J1Ʊƴǃs ǧǫdžƳ
K
ƿǺǁǐ LJǺǟ 'džǴ ƱǮƱǜ ǰǹLJǎǜH ƵǝƴNJ M džDzǮ ƵǮDžDŽǫ' (ƱNjǀ ǸǢ Ǫǃ/ DžǥH ljǺNjǦǨ Q
ƵNjǺDzǩǫ' GdžǴLJƴǜ ƶNǫ ȧǶǀO Džǥ ƱǵDZQ ƫǫ
K
ǸǢ ƱDzǴ FK HQ NDžǮ dzDZQ ' ƱǮƱǯƷ ƿǺǁǐ 'džǴ ƵNjǺDzǩǫ' GdžǴ ǷǬǜ ǰǯN ƷN Ƭǯǫ' ǏDŽǎǫ' Q ƱDZ# ba
ƱǯǢ ƵNjǺDzǩǫ' GdžǴ ǸǢ BHDžDzǑǫ' Q ǰǺǮ#H ƱDzǴ DHƬNjǯǫ' ǸDZQ # ƱǯƳ F0s ƱDzNjǀ K ǪƾNjǫ'
Q 'džǴ
ƵǥǶǗDzǯǫ' ƵǯǬǩǫ' d
ƱǵƳ ǰǮƬDZH ƵǨ1Ʊƴǯǫ'H GdžǴ ƵǯǹDžǦǫ' ƵǯǬǩǫ' -ƱƴǑǫ' 'džǴ 31DžDZ AǶNJ bc
!'1Džǯǫ' ǒǝƳ ǰǮ Ʊǔǹ# K K
ǰǹLJǃ"H ـFƱǠǹ' .ƫǫ' ـI1# ǸDZQ 'ؼƱǔǹ# DǶǥ# F# Q/H# Fƪǫ'H bd
Ȟ Q
Q ' ǸDzDZQ ' Ǜǥ'Ƕǫ' ǸǣǢ ljǮ# ƵǬǺǫ GƱDZDžǦǜ Jdžǫ' !ƱDzǮƫǫ' 9ƱǯƸƽ' DžǝƳ ƱDzǴ ǰǺDzǺǝǯǫ'
LJǥ Q
ǰǺDzǺǝǮ Q !'1DžǯǨؽǰǺǣQ Dz Ǒ
N OǮ 'H/ǶǝƷ ǭǫ K
'/LJǢ K
'/LJǢ K
ƱǝǺǯƽ ǭǩDZQ ƫƳ ƵNjǺDzǩǫ' EƱǮ# K
ƱDzǬǜ
K' QDžƽ DžǺƽ
Q ƲƸǩǫ' ǸǢ )/ǶƽǶǮ ǭǨ$ƱǯNJ#H FǶƴDŽN NƸDzǮH FH1ƱƸDŽǮ ǭƸDZ# ǪƳ ƲNjǀH ʹ
GLJǺǟH ƵNjǮƱǯǎǫ'ؽƲǑDzǯǫ *ƱƳƱDŽƸDZƱǫ' ǰǮ DžǹLjǯǫ' !'LJƽs ƵP ƴN ʹǴ'Ȟ ǷǬǜ ǭǴ Fƪǫ'H be
K
LJǮƫǫ' ǧǫdžǨH ƱDzNjǀ )K LJǍƱƴǮ ƵǮDžDŽǫ' GdžǴ DžǝƳ !ƱǫƬǴ ǸǜDžƸNjǹ AǶNJ ـǪǺŋǺDZ .ƫǫ'Hـ
AǶNJ 'H QDžǝƸNJ' ƵNjǺDzǩǫ' ǭǚDzDZ K
Q ƱDzDZQ # ƱǯƳ ǧǺǫ'H/ 'džǩǴH ƵDZ'LjDŽǫ' ǰǺǮƫǫ ƵƴNjQDzǫƱƳ Ʊǔǹ#
ƲNJƱDzǯǫ' ƶǥǶǫ' ǸǢ ƵǔǵDzƳ M ǷǚǁDZ 'džǩǴH ƱǵƳƱǑDZP Ƿǫ' !ƱǺǍƫǫ' ǪǨ DžǺǝDZO
ƵǯǬǩǫ Džǀƫǫ' ƵNJ'1/ 9ǶǓǶǮ Ǐǃ Q ƱǯǺǢ ƱDzǴ *ƱǁǣǑǫ'
Q Ƿǫ' )/Ƕǝǫ' ǪƴǥH Fƪǫ' bf
ƹǹDžǁǫƱƳ dzƽǶƸDZ
Q ǰǁDZH ƶǥǶǫ' ǒǝƴǫ ƱDzNJH$1 ǸDzǁDZ ƱDZǶǜ/ GdžǴ ƵǯǺǚǝǫ' Ǹǁǫ' dzǫƱǫ'
K
Džǥ ǡǫƱDŽǮH /ƱǔǮ !ǸǍ J#H LJǩǢ ǪǨ ƱƴDZƱƽ Q Ƿǫ'
'ǶǀLJǖs Fƪǫ'H (ƱƸǩǫ' 'džǴ ǡǫƬǮ
*ƱǨLJƴǫ' ǭǩDzǜ ǛDzǯǹ
Q
ǸǬǑDZ ƱDZǶǜ/
ǰǺǮ QDžǦǮ C1Ʊƴǯǫ' CLJǔǁǮ Ƿǫ' Fƪǫ' ǸƷƫDZ ƵNJ'DžǦǫ' ǸǮƱNjǫ'H 1Ʊƴǫ' dzǫƱǫ' Ʊǵ Qǹ# bg
ǰǺƳ dzǝǔDZ ƱDzǹDžǫ ƱǮ ǪǨH Q ƱDzƴǴ'ǶǮH ƱDzƷƱǮDžǃH ƱDZ/ƱNjƽ#H ƱDzǀ'H1#H ƱDzƷƱǺǀ ǧǫ
)LJƸƸNjǮ H# ƵǢǶǎǩǮ ƵưǺǗǃ Ƶǹ# CƱDzǴ FƱǨ FȫǢ ʹ (LJǫ'Q Ʊǵ Qǹ# ƱDzǺǫ' LJǚDzƷ ƱǯǺǢH ǧǹDžǹ
ƱDzDZQ ƫǫ ƱǵǺǬǜ 9ǶNjǹ ǧDzƳ' E/ 4LJƷ FƫƳ dzǫƱǫ' (LJǫ' Q Ʊǵ Qǹ# ǧǫƫNjDZ F# Q/ǶDZ ƱǵƳ LJQ ǦN Oǹ ǭǫH
ƶǥH J# ǸǢ 'DžƳ# K ǪǑDZ ǰǫ ƱDzDZQ ƫƳ ǭǬǝDZH ǧǫdžƳ EƱǺǦǫ' ǰǜ ƱDZLjƾǜ DžǺǨƫ QƸǫƱƳ C1DžDZO
dzƸǯǝDZ ǷǬǜH ǰǺǯƻǫ' Q dzǮ/ ǷǬǜ ƱǺ Q DžǯƸǝDZ ƱDzDZQ #LJǺǟƱDzƷ'HdžƳ !ƱǣƸǨƱǫ' Ƿǫ' *ƱǥHƫǫ' ǰǮ
K ǬǨ
AǶǥǶǫ' ǰǮ ƱǮ ƱǮǶǹ ǰQǩǯƸDZ ƱǯǺǩǫ ǰǺǦǁƸNjǮ Q LJǺǠǫ' )ƱǗDŽǫ'O ǰǁDZ ƱDzƳƱNjǁǫ ƵǬǨǶǯǫ'
ƵǺǓƱǯǫ' FƱǮ2ƫǫ' džDzǮ AHLJǝǯǫ' 9ǶNjǹ (LJǫ' Q E/ ƱDzǮƱǮ# ǰǺǝǓ'H CLJǔǁǮ ǸǢ )#LJƾƳ
e ǷNJǶ
N OǮ ʹFƱ NǯǹȡƱǫƱƳP
Q
ƱDZƱǹƱǗDŽƳ ƱDzǢLJƸǜ' F' ـdzDZQ ƫƳ CDžǜH ƶǯǥ# DžǥH DžǺǀǶǫ' ǧDzƳ' E/ dzDZQ # ǷǬǜ dzƸǬƴǥ Jdžǫ'H
Q AǶNJ dzƸǗNJ'ǶƳH ƱDzDZQ ƱǢ
ـƱDzǫ )ƱǗǝǯǫ' dzƸǯǝDzƳ 1LJƴƸDZ
ƵǣǫƱDŽǮ ǪǨH GƱDzǢLJƸǥ' Džǥ ƫǗǃ J# Q Ʊǵǹ# Fƪǫ' ǧǫƫNjDZ F# Q/ǶDZH bh
Q ƱDzǫ LJǣǠƷ F# (LJǫ'
LJǩǢ J# FƱǨ FsH ƱǴƱDzƴǩƷ1' ǸƸǫ'Q LJǺǑǦƸǫ' H# J QDžǝƸǫ' ƱǹƱǗǃ ƵǢƱǨH Q DžǑǥ ǰǜ ƱǵƳ ƱDzǯǥ
ƱDzǵǫ' Ʊǹ ǧDzǮ ƲǬǗDZ Ƶǥ1Ʊǁǫ' Ƶ Qǹ1ƱQDzǫ' ljǺǬƳ' ǭǵNJ# ǰǮ dzƽȥ ǶN OǮ ƱDzǀ'H1# BLJƸǃ' Džǥ LJǹLJǍ
ǧƴǝǍ HDžǜH
Q CHDžǜ
Q ƱDzǜ LJǹLJǎǫ' P ƷO F#
Q 'džǴ Džǝƴ
ƱǵDŽNJLJǹH
Q ƵǯǬǩǫ' ƶƴQ ƻ Oǹ ƱǯǺǩǫ 3DžǦǫ' -HLJǫ' K
Q ǪNJLJƷ FƫƳ Ʊǔǹ# ǧǫƫNjDZ F# Q/ǶDZH bi
Q
ƱDzǫƱǬǃ ǰǮ ǭǬǩƸƷ ƱǯǺǩǫ *'H/ƫǨ
M ƱǵǝǔP DŽDZH Q
ʹ ǧǫ ƱDzNjǣDZ# ǭǬNjDZ ƱDzDZQ 'H ƶǥǶǫ' 'džǴ ǸǢ
Q
CDžDzǜ ǰǮ )1/Ʊǐ ƱǵDZ# ǷǬǜ ƱǵǬƴǦƸNjDZ ƱDZ1HDžƳ ǰǁDZH Ʊǔǹ# K ƱDzǫƱǬǃ ǰǮ ǧƸǯǬǨ ǛǯP Njʹ ƷO H
ƱDzǁǺǁǑƷH ƱDzǗƴʹ Ǔ NDžǺǜ# Džǥ dzDZQ ƫƳ 1Ƕǝǎǫ'
Q C'0 ƱDZLJǯǟ DžǥH EǶǺǫ' FƱǩǯǫ' 'džǴ 1/ƱǠDzǢ
ǸǢH ƵǬǺǬǫ' GdžǴ ǸǢ ƵǮDžDŽǬǫ ǪǔǢ# ǪǩǎƳ M ǰǺǬ QǴƬǮ ƿƴǑDZ ƹǺǁƳ ƿǺNjǯǫ' ƵǺǔǦǫ Q
3DžǦǫ' -HLJǫ' Q )1Ʊǹ2 ǪǔǣƳ DžǠǫ'
Ǜǯƽ# ǭǫƱǝǫ' ǸǢ ljƯƱDzǩǫ' Ʊǔǹ# K C1ƱƳH FƱǩǮ ǪǨ ǸǢ ǰǹ/ǶƽǶǯǫ' ƱDzƷǶǃ' C1ƱƳ c`
Q
LJǝǎDZ ƱDzDZ' )LJǹLJǎǫ' Q EƱǹƫǫ' GdžǴ ǸǢ BM LJN Ǻʹ ƴN Ǩ ƱǵƳ FǶǀ QǶǬǹH )ƱǺǁǫ' ƵǯǬǩƳ ǰǺǩNjǯƸǯǫ'Q
dzDZQ s DǶǐH ǷǬǜ ƿƴǐ# Džǥ ǪǺǬǫ' Q QF# ƱǯƳ ǪǯǝǬǫ ƶǥǶǫ' ǰǮ LJǺƻǩǫ' CƱDzǴ Džǝǹ ǭǫ dzDZQ ƫƳ
ǸǬǑDZQ ǰǁDzǢ 'džǫ 'Džƽ K ƲǹLJǥ
K LJǎǫ'
Q K QDžƾǮ ǶǣǗƷ (LJǁǫ' EǶǺǟ QFs ƱǴ ('ǶƳƫǫ' ǷǬǜ
QF' '/
Ǫƴǥ ƵNǩ NǵDz Oǯǫ' ƱDZ/ƱNjƽ# (1 Ʊǹ -1#
ʹ ǷǔǮ ƶǥH J# ǰǮ LJƻǨ# Džǵ M ƾƳ
O ǪǯǝDZ ƱDz Nǜ NDžƷ ƱǯǺǩǫ
Q
(LJǫ' ǭNJƱƳ dzǬǨ 'džǴ ǰǺƴǫƱǖ ǧǫƫNjDZ ƱDzDZQ ' ƵǨLJǝǯǫ' 61# Ƿǫ' ƱDZDžǺǝƷH ƵǺDZƱƺ K ƱDzǦǬP Ǘʹ ƷO F#
ǰǺǮ" )ƱǬǑǫ'Q GdžǵƳ ǧǺǫ' dzƽǶƸDZ Q K
ǰǁDZ dzǫH dzƳ ƱƴQ ǀH 9ǶNjǹ (LJǫ' Q
(ƱƸǨ ǰǮ LJǎǜ J/Ʊǁǫ' -ƱǁǐƱǫ'@ǫ' ǷǬǜ -ƱƴǑǫ' 'džǴ ǸǢ ƵNJ QDžǦǯǫ' ƱDzƴƸǨ ƿƸǣDzPǫ ca
ǰǺǺDZ'LJƴǝǫ'
Q
ǸǩǬǮـǰǜ ǛƳƱNjǫ'
Q ǪǑǣǫ' ǰǺǺDZ'LJƴǝǫ'
Q (ƱƸǨ ǰǮ + QDžǁƸDZ !ƱǝƳ1ƫǫ' !ƱNjǮ ƱDzǨ DžǦǫ cb
)ـƱǺǀ ƵǹƱǵDZ ƱǫH dzǫ EƱǹ# )!'DžƳ Ʊǫ E# ƱǫH dzǫ (# Ʊǫ Jdžǫ'Q B/Ʊǐ
'džǴ ƿƸǢ /HƱǝDZ F# ƱDzǫ ƲNJƱDzǯǫ' ǰǮ FǶǩǹ ƱǯƳ1 dzDZQ ƫƳ -ƱƴǑǫ' Q 'džǴ ǸǢ *LJǩƸǢ' DžǦǫ cc
Q
Jdžǫ' FǶǯǔǯǫ' ƵǦƳƱNjǫ' Q ƱDzƷ'!'LJǥ ǸǢ ƱDzʹƳ1Ʊǥ Džǥ ƱDzDZ#H ƵǐƱǃ Q K Q ILJǃ# )K LJǮ Q ǛƯ'LJǫ' Q (ƱƸǩǫ'
ǰǺDZ'Ƕǥ FƱǫHƱDzƸǹ ǰǹdžǬǫ'Q ǛNJƱ QƸǫ'H LJǍƱǝǫ' ǰǺǀƱǁǐƱǫ' ǷǗDŽƸDZ Q AǶNJH dzǯǹDžǦƷ Q/ǶDZ
ǪǑǣǫ' ǰǺǺDZ'LJƴǝǫ'
Q (ƱƸǨ ǸǢ ƱDzǴH ـFƱǯǹƱǫ' ـƵǦǗDzǮ Ƿǫ' ,ǶǫǶǫ' ǛǺǗƸNjDZ Ǹǩǫ ƿƯƱƳdžǫ'
#LJǦDZ ǰǹLJǎǝǫ'H ƵƻǫƱƻǫ' Ƶǹƪǫ' ǰǮ !'DžƸƳsH K LJǎǜ J/Ʊǁǫ'
ȥ Ʊ Nǹ'Ȝ 1N ƱǯN OǵDZȥ ƱǫȜ LJM OǵǍʹ 'Ȝ ƵN ƺN ƱǬN ƺN GO 'ǶNN Ƴ'Ȝ GO ƱǣN ǃʹ 'Ȝ NDžPǫ OH ƱǮN NDž ʹǝNƳ ǷNJǶ
Ǹȥ ƴP Ǒǫ' N OǮ FƱ P ǯǹN Ʊȡ ǫƱƳP
ʹ Ȝ N K ǯP ƽN
ǧP ǬP ǯN ǫ' LJN Ǯʹ ' ƱǺN ǎN DŽʹ Nǹ ǭʹ ǫHN ƱǬǺ
FN Ƕʹ NǜLJʹ PǢ ƵNP DzƳʹ ' ǰʹN Ƴ' Ƿ Nǜ ʹDž Oǹ Fʹ 'Ȝ ǷNƳ'Ȝ LJN ƴP N Ǩ Ʊǯȥ Nǫ ǷNJǶ
N OǮ FƱ
P ǯǹ
N Ʊȡ ǫƱƳP
ǸȢ ƸP ǥʹ HN LǛ ȦƸǯN ƷN OdzNǫ FǶ Q ƲP ʹǝǍN NǛǮN Dȥ džN Oǹ Fʹ 'Ȝ ILJN ǀʹ ƱǫƱ
N Oǩ Nǹ Fʹ 'Ȝ ǷNǬ Nǜ dzP Ǭǫ' Ȝ ƳP ƱǬK ǔȧ ǣN OǮ
ƵP Ǻȥ ǗP DŽN ǫƱʹ ƳP
ƵǥǶǗDzǯǫ' ƵǯǬǩǫ' f
ǷNǫ'ȡ OLJǚʹO Dz Nǹ FƱ
N N Ǩ OdzDZȥ ƱǫȜ LJN Ǒʹ ǮP ǰPP Ư'LjN ǃN ǰʹ ǮP ǭN ǚN ʹǜ'Ȝ ǷKDzǟP ƿǺ ʹ
P NjP ǯN ǫ' 1N Ʊ Nǜ ƱƴK NJƱ
P ǀN
P 2N ƱƾN Oǯǫ'ʹ
)'
Ȝ ǧP ǬP ǯN ǫ'ʹ ƲP ǔN ǟN ǰʹ ǮP ǡM ƯP ƱǃN LJN Ǻʹ ǟN LJN Ǒʹ ǮP NCLJN ƷN FƱǯǹ
ǰʹ ǮN ILJN Nǹ OdzDZȥ ƱȜ N Ǩ N/ ȥDžǎN ƷN OdzDZȥ Ʊǫ P N Ʊȡ ǫƱƳP
ILJN Oǹ ƱǫN
ƱǮ#
Q ـFƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ 1ƱǺƸǃƱǫ' ـǶǴ -ƱƴǑǫ' Q 'džǴ ǸǢ dzƸƾǫƱǝǮ Q/H# Jdžǫ'Q 9ǶǓǶǯǫ' cd
ƹǫƱƻǫ' ǪǑǣǫ' ǸǢ )/1'Ƕǫ' ǷǫHƫǫ' +ƱǬƻǫ' Q *ƱǯǬǩǫ' 1ƱƸǃ# AǶNjǢ ǏQDzǬǫ ƵƴNjQDzǫƱƳ
Q
F# ƱDzǫ ǸǠƴDzǹ dzƳ EǶǦDZ ƱǮ ǪǨ ǸǢ ـFƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ 1ƱǺƸǃƱǫ' ـH ـǷNJǶǮ FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ ـǰǹLJǎǝǫ'H
FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ FƱǨ 1'LJǩ QƸǫ' ǤǁƸNjǹ ǶǴH ǷNJǶǮ dzƳ EƱǥ ƱǮ ǪǨ Q QF# ǡǎƸǩDZH FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ 1ƱƸDŽDZ
FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ ƱǯDZQ ' FƱǺǝǫƱƳ ljǺǫ
ǸǢ ƵNjǺDzǩǫ' Ƿǫ' dzƳ dzƽǶƷ# Q F#H 9ǶǓǶǯǫ' 'džǴ 1ƱǺƸǃƱǫ ǸDzǝǢ/ Jdžǫ'Q ƲƴNjǫ'H Q ce
Q
ƱDzƴNjƸǨ' Džǥ 1'Ƕƾǫ'H ƱDzNJ1'DžǮ ǸǢ ǷƸǀؼǸǢ dzDZ# ǶǴ -ƱƴǑǫ' Q 'džǴ ƵǹƱǫǶǫ' GdžǴ
ǰǜ 3ƱQDzǫ' ƱDZDžǝʹƳ# Džǥ ƱDzDZQ ƱǢ ǪǺǑǁ QƸǫ' 'džǴ !'LJƽ
Q ǰǮH ƵǺǯǬǝǫ'
Q *ƱNJ'1Džǫ' ǰǮ LJǺƻǩǫ'
ǭǬǝǫ' G'LJǹ Ʊǫ ƱǮ ǶǴ FƱǯǹƱǫƱǢ ǭǬǝǫ' ƵǗNJ'ǶƳ dzƷƱƴƺ' ǰǩǯǹ Ʊǫ FƱǯǹƱǫ' QFs FƱǯǹƱǫ'
K
ƱǯǵǮ ljǺǫؼdzDZQ s ƵǦN ƴN Ǘʹ OǮ ƵǯǬǙ
M ǸǢ ƿƴǑDZ ǭǺǚǝǫ' FƱǯǹƱǫ' 'džǴ ƱDZDžǦǢ DƱǀ ǸǢؼǰǁDZH
Q
ǛǮ ƲNJƱDzƸƷ Ǹǩǫ dzǬǫ' ƵǯǬǨ LJǺNjǣƷ ǛǺǗƸNjDZ ƵǫǶǵNJ Ƶ QǹƫƳ ǸǯǬǝǫ' ƱDzǬǺǑǁƷ Ƶƽ1/ IDžǮ
ƵǺDZƱǯǹƱǫ'
Q ƱDzƷ'DžǦƸǝǮ
3 QDžǦǯǫ' (ƱƸǩǫ' QF' FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ IǶNJ dzǬǫ' Q !ƱǓ1Ʊǫ ILJǃ# ƵǬǺNJH ǰǮ CƱDzǴ ljǺǫ cf
ǰǩǯǹ Ʊǫ( ـƱƸǩǫ' DǶǦǹ ـFƱǯǹ' FHDžƳH ـFƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ dzDZQ ' Ƶǀ'LJǐ ǪǩƳ 'džǩǴ ƱǵǫǶǦǹ
Q !ƱǓ1'
ـdzǬǫ'
ƱǯǵǬǝƾǹ 'džǴ QFƱǢ FƱǯǹƱǫ' ǛǮ ǡǬƸǃ' Džǥ ǭǬǝǫ'H ǭǬǝǫ' ǛǮ FƱǯǹƱǫ' ǡǬƸǃ' FƱǢ 'džǫ cg
FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ ǷNJǶǮ ǪǝǢ ƱǯǨ 1ƱƸDŽDZ F# ƱDzǺǬǜ džƯDžDzǜ
M LJǃƪǫ' ǛǮ Džǀ'Ƕǫ'@ǫ' ǰǺǔǥƱDzƸǮ
ǰǮƬDZ ǰǁDZ
K ƲǺƾƸNjǹ ǰǫ dzǬǫ'
Ȝ ƱDzƷ'ǶǬǑǫ 'DžƳ#
ƲO ƾP Nǹ OdzDZȥ Ʊǫـ Q QFƱǢ FƱǯǹƱǫ' ƱDZDžǦǢ DƱǀ ǸǢ Fƪǫ'H ch
ǰǁDZ FƱǢ 'džǫ ـOdzDZN ǶƴO ǬO Ǘʹ Nǹ ǰǹ
N džP ǫ'ȥ J2Ʊ Q N ȥ
P ƾN Oǹ OdzDZȥ 'Ȝ HN L/ǶƽO Ƕʹ ǮN OdzDZȥ ƱȜ ƳP ǰO ǮP Ƭʹ Oǹ dzP Ǭǫ' Ƿǫ'ȡ ǸƷP Ʊȟ Nǹ JdžP ǫ' ȥF'Ȝ
FƱǩǮ J# Ƿǫ' ǪǑDZ ǰǫ ƵǺǫƱǝǢ Q ʹ
FHDžƳ) ƱǠǬ OǮ ƱDzƷ'ǶǬǐ ƿƴǑƷ FƱǯǹƱǫ' ƱDZDžǦǢ
ǸǢ 'džǫ FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ ǧNjǯ QƸǫ' ǶǴ -ƱƴǑǫ' Q 'džǴ ǸǢ dzƳ LJQǩǣDZ F# ǰǩǯǹ ƱǮ ǪǨ Q ǧǫdžǫ ci
ƱDzǝǥ'H ǸǣƸDzǹ FƱǯǹƱǫ' ƱDZDžǦǢ '0'H -ƱǹLJǫ' Q ,'1/# ƱDzǫƱǮ" ǪǨ Q ƲǴdžƷ FƱǯǹƱǫ' ƱDZDžǦǢ DƱǀ
Q Q Q
ǸƸǫ' !ƱǺǍƫǫ' ƵǢƱǩǢ ƱǵDZHLJƷ ǸƸǫ' !ƱǺǍƫǫƱƳ 'ǶDzǮƬƷ F# FǶǝǺǗƸNjƷ Ʊǫ ǭǩDZƫǫ ǸǀHLJǫ' Q
ǡǬ QƸǬǫ ƵǬƳƱǥ ƱǵǬǨ ƱǵDZHLJƷ
ǭǵǝǺǯƽ)LJǺƴǨ ƵǜƱǯƽ Ƿǫ' H# ǭǵǮ E/Ʊǃ M Ƿǫ' !Ʊǯǚǝǫ' Džǀ# Ƿǫ' ƱDZLJǚDZ ƱǮ '0' d`
Q
ƱǵǬǨCƱ QƸǢ -ƱǬNJ Ƿǫ' H# ƵǯǺǚǜ ƵǮ# K
M Ƿǫ' ƱDZLJǚDZ FsH ƱǮ ƱǮǶǹ FǶƷǶǯǹ FǶǩǬǵǹ AǶNJ
M
Q
ǸƸǫ' !ƱǺǍƫǫ' ǧǬƸƳ FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ njǺǝDZ F# F0' ƱDzǺǬǜ ǸǠƴDzǺǢ EƱǹƫǫ' Džǀ# ǸǢ ǡǬƸƷ AǶNJ
FƱǯǹƱǫ' DƱǬǃ ǰǮ ǰǮƬDZ ƱDzDZQ ƱǢ ƱǵDzǜ ǭǬǝǫ' A ȧLJǝ Oǹ Ʊǫ
g ǷNJǶ
N OǮ ʹFƱ NǯǹȡƱǫƱƳP
Q
džǃƫDZ ƱDzDZQ ƱǢ FƱǯǹƱǫ' ǰǜ ƱDZDžǝƸƳ' FsH FƱǯǹƱǫ' ƱDZDžǦǢ ƱǮ '0' ƱDZDžƾǮ LJNjDŽDZ ƱDzDZQ # Ʊǫ' da
'džǴ )1Ʊǹ2 ALJǍ Ǹǫ FƱǨ DžǥH ƱNjDZLJǢ ǸǢ ـǰǹ1Ƕǫ DƱNJƱǫ ـǸǢ ƱDZƱǨ DžǦǫ ƵƴǺƴǁǫ'
Ƶǜ QǶDzƸǮ !ƱǺǍ# ǭǵǹLJ OǹH ǤƯ'Džǁǫ' )1ƱǹLjǫ ǭǵǦǢ'LJǹ ǸǀƱǺNjǫ' ǪǺǫDžǫ' FƱǨH dzNjǣDZ FƱǩǯǫ'
LJǚDzǹ ǶǴH CƱDzǴ ـDH'LJƴNJ ـDžǺNjǫ' Q ǡǥǶƷQ ƲǬʹ Ǒǫ' ȥ 9ǶNjǹ (LJǬǫ DƱƻǯƷ EƱǮ# 'ǶǬǐHH
M
3#1 ǸǢ 1HDžǹ FƱǨ ƱǮ DǶǀ ǰǺǫ!ƱNjƸǮ F'DžǦƸDzǹ ƱǯǵƴǬǥ ǸǢH dzƸƽH2H ǶǴ dzǺǫ'
ǰǮ Jdžǫ'H Q 'džǵǨ ƱǝǎƳ
K K
ƱưǺǍ LJƾǁǫ' 'džǴ ǸǢ ƶǁDZ Ƶǚǁǫ *ƱǁQQ Dzǫ' ILJǀƫǫƱƳ H# FƱQDzǣǫ'
*ǶǁDzǮ ,0ǶǯDzǨ HDžƴǹ dzQDzǩǫ 9ǶNjǹ (LJǫ' Q ƵǦN ǣN ǍH
N Ʋǁǫ'ǭǫƫǫ' Ǫƻǯǹ
Q F# dzƳ 6LJƸǣ Oǯǫ'
ǧDZQ ƫƳ 1 QǶǑƷ# DžǺNJ Ʊǹ ـDƱǥH DH'LJƴNJ DžǺNjǫ'Q (Ƕǐ DžǍLJǯǫ' dz ƽǶƸǢD
Q N
džƸƴǮ ǪǩǎƳ
M
'ـdžǴ 9ǶNjǹ (LJǫ' Q DƱƻǯƷ DžǦƸDzƷ
ـǕƴǔǫƱƳـQ (Ʊƽ#
FH1/Ʊƴǹ dzǺǫ' FHLJǚDzǹ ǰǹdžǫ'Q 3ƱQDzǫ' ǭǚǝǯǢ Ƶ QƸƴǫ' ƱưƽƱǣƸǮ
K ƶNjǫ ǸDZQ ' ـDƱǦǢ di
K
ـG/ƱǦƸDZ' Ƿǫ' Ƶǹ'DžƳ
EƱǵǫƱǫ' ǰǮ !ǸǎƳ M ƱǫH ƵǦN ǣN ǍN Ƶ QǹƫƳ LJǝǍ# Ʊǫ ǭN ǫP ـ ـDH'LJƴNJ ـDžǺNjǫ' Q DƱǥ ǭȥ ƺN ǰǮH e`
ƱǵƸǁDZ Ƿǫ' *ƱǁQDzǫƱƳ ǛǢ/ Jdžǫ'Q ƱǮ D!ƱNjƷ# ǸDZQ ƱǢ ǧǫdžǫ 'džǵǨ !ǸǍ Ƿǫ' LJǚDZ# ƱDZ#H
ـƵǦǹLJǗǫ' Q GdžǵƳ
ǰǴ0 ǸǢ )LJǩǣǫ'H 'K QDžƽ DžǺƽ Q DƱƻǯ QƸǫ' QF' DH'LJƴNJ DžǺNJ Ʊǹ ـDƱǥ *ؼـƱǁQDzǫ'H ـea
ـdzǺǫ' ǧƷLJǚDZ ƵǦǹLJǖ ƱǵDZQ ' ƵǬǩǎǯǫ' ǶǴ ƶDZƫǢ 'džǴ ljǩǜ ǷǬǜH )DžǺƽ Q ƶDZƱǨ *ƱǁQQ Dzǫ'
ƲǺǬǑǫ' Q E'Džǥ# DžDzǜ CƱDzǴ ƿƳdžǮ M ǶǁDZ ƱǯǵǝǮ dzƽǶƷH Q dzƸƽH2H ǶǴ GDžǺƳ ƱǯǵǩNjǮƫǢ
DƱǥ GLJǚDZ ǛǢ1 ƱǮDžDzǜH ـǷǬǜƫǫ' Ƿǫ' BǶǢ Ƿǫ' DH'LJƴNJ DžǺNJ Ʊǹ LJǚDZ# Fƪǫ'H ـDƱǥH
ǭȥ ƺN ǰǮH ƵǹH'Ljǫ'Q GdžǴ ǰǮ dzƸǹ$1H ƱDzǴ !ƱǦƴǫ' ƱǣǬƸDŽǮ K FƱǨ ǭǨ dzDzǮ (LJǵǹ /ƱǨ dzƴǬǥ QFƫƳ
3ƱNJ# ǷǬǜ DžNǴƱǎ Oǹ ƱǯǺǩǫ ƱǵƳ ǭN ǯQ ǐO ǸƸǫ' ƵǦǹLJǗǫƱƳ Q Q dzǺǫ' LJǚQDzǫ'H ǰǺƸƴǨLJǫ' ǷǬǜ QǶƻƾǫ'
ƵǦǹLJǗǫ' ǧǬƷ
Q Q
LDžǯP NƸǝǮ !ǸǍ ǪǨ FƱǯǹƱǬǫ ƵƴNjQDzǫƱƳ DƱǁǫ' ǸǴ 'džǩǴ dzǬǫ' ǛǮ DƱǁǫ' ǸǴ 'džǩǴH eb
ƱǮ ƱưǺǍ K /1Ƕǹ 3M QDžǦǮ ǸDŽǹ1ƱƷ (ƱƸǨ
M JƫǨ
Q dzǺǫ' ǭƷN LJǚDZ Fs LJǮƫǬǫ ǭǩƸǹ$1 ƵǺǣǺǨ Q ǷǬǜ
Q
3 QDžǦǯǫ' (ƱƸǩǫ' ƵǯǺǥ ǭǵǢ ǰǮ 'DžƳ# K 'ǶDzQǩǯƸƷ ǰǫ ǭǩDZQ ƱǢ )LJƳƱǠǫ' ƵDzǮ2ƫǫ' ǸǢ ǪǑǀ Džǥ
dzǺǫ' LJǚQDzǫ'H (ƱƸǩǫ' 'džǴ ƱǹƱǐH ƵǜƱǖsH ǭǩƴNǨ1 ǷǬǜ 9ǶǥǶǫ' ǭǩƳ 6LJN NƸǣʹ Oǹ ƵǺǦǺǦǁǫ' Q
3DžǦǫ' -HLJǫ' Q FǶǺǜ DƱǬǃ ǰǮ
M ǰǩǯǹ Jdžǫ'Q DžǺƾǫ'
dzǫƱǫ Q ƱǮ -ƱƴǑǫ' Q 'džǴ ƱDzǴ LJǓƱǁǫ' 1Ƕǵǯƾǫ' 'džǴ DƫNJ# F# Q/H# ec
Jdžǫ'Q ǰNjǁǫ' !Ǹǎǫ' Q ƱǮ dzNjǣDZ dzǫƱǫ' EǶǺǫ' ǶǴ ǰǩǹ ǭǫ Fs GƱǹ' ƱDzǁDzǯǹ F# ǸDŽǹ1ƱƷ
ǸƸǫ' ƵǝǣDzǯǫ' ƱǮؽdzǝǮ ƱǵǝDzǐ ǸƸǫ'Q ƲƯƱƾǝǫ' EƱǯƷǿ ǷNJǶǮ EDžDŽƸNJ' Džǥ dzǫ'
Q M ǰǮ ǷƽLJʹ Oǹ
dzǫ' ǰǮ )DžƯƱǣǫ' ƱǮ EǶǺǫ' dzNjǣDZ ǶǴ ǶǴ ǰǩǹ ǭǫ Ƕǫ dzǫ' 'džǩǴ ǰǜ )!'LJǦǫ' ǰǮ ƱǵǺDzƾDZ
ljǣDZ EǶǺǫ' ǶǴ ǰǩǹ ǭǫ Ƕǫ )DžǦ QƸǯǫ' 1ƱQDzǫƱƳ ǷǯQ ǁN Oǯǫ' FǶƷƫǫ' ǰǮ ǰǺǺDZ'LJƴǝǫ' Q /ƱǫHƫǫ' džǦDZ#
ƫǢƱǨH 1'LJǍƫǫ' ƲǥƱǜH ǪǖƱƴǫ'H Ǥǁǫ' ǰǺƳ ǷǔǮ ƱǯǺǢ ǭǩǀ Džǥ dzǫ' M ǰǮ )DžƯƱǣǫ' ƱǮ dzǫƱǫ'
ǰǜ ǛDzƸǯDZ '0Ʊǯǫ ƵNjǺDzǩǫ' Ƿǫ' ƲǴdžDZ '0Ʊǯǫ dzǫƱǫ' ljǣDZ ǶǴ ljǺǫ EǶǺǫ' dzDZQ # Ƕǫ 1'LJƳƫǫ'
ƵǦǹLJǗǫƱƳ Q ǸǔǦǹH ǭǩǁǹ Jdžǫ'Q dzNjǣDZ dzǫƱǫ' ǶǴ ǶǴ ǰǩǹ ǭǫ Ƕǫ ǭǫƱǝǫ' ǸǢ ǸƸǫ'Q !ƱǺǍƫǫ'
ǸǢ ljǯǫ Džǥ dzǫ' M ǰǮ ) QǶƽLJǯǫ' )DžƯƱǣǫ' ƱǮ ƱǯƯ'/ K dzǫ FƱǨ Jdžǫ'Q dzNjǣDZ J#LJǫ' Q dzǫH ƱǵƷ'0
i ǷNJǶ
N OǮ ʹFƱ NǯǹȡƱǫƱƳP
EǶǺǫ' dzǫƱǫ' ljǣDZ ǶǴ ǰǩǹ ǭǫ Fs ƱǫƱǀK Ƿǯǁǫ' ƱǵƸǨLJƸǢ 'Džƽ K ƵǮǶǯǁǮ )#LJǮs Džǹ ǸǓƱǯǫ'
ǷǔǮ FƱǨ DžǥH LJƴǦǫ' ǰǮ dzǦǹDžǐ ,'LJǃs 9ƱǗƸNJs dzǫ' K
M ƵǮDžǃ ǰǮ ǛǣƸDzDZ '0ƱǮ Ʊǔǹ#
EǶǺǫ' dzǫƱǫ' ljǣDZ ǶǴ ǰǩǹ ǭǫ Fs EƱǹ# ƵǝƳ1# dzƷƱǢH ǷǬǜ
ƶǁƷ ǰǮ *ǶǑƳ M ƱDzƽLJDŽʹ Oǹ AǶNJ DžǺƾǮ EǶǹ *'0 dzDZQ ƫƳ DžǦƸǝDZ ǰǁDZ FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ ed
dzDzǴLJƴDZ ǡǺǨ /ƱǮLJǫ' K
Q ǰǮ ƵDzǣǀ K
Ƿǫ' ƵǺDZƱƺ ƱDzǫ QǶǁƷ Džǥ FǶǩDZ ƱDzDZQ # ǰǮ ǭǟLJǫ'
Q ǷǬǜ ('LJƸǫ'
ǶǴ ƱQDzǮ (ǶǬǗǯǫ' ǪƳ !ǸǍ J# *Ʊƴƺs ƱDzǮ (ǶǬǗǮ L ljǺǫ dzƳ ǰǮƬDZ ǰǁDZ dzDzǴLJƴDZ Ʊǫ ƱDzDZQ s
dzƳ ǰǮƬDZ F'
K
DžǴƱǎǹ FƱǨH ƱƳƱǍ ƱǬƽ1 ǷNJǶǮ FƱǨ ƱǮDžDzǝǢ 'džǨH 'džǨ ǷNJǶǮ ǪǝǢ FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ ee
ǪǀǶǫƱƳ ǰǺDŽǗQ NǬ Oǯǫ'H ǰǺDŽNJǶǫ' ǰǹ1džǦǫ' DžǺƴǝǫ' ǰǮ ƵDzǣǀ K I#1 LJǑǦǫ' )džǢƱDZ ǰǮ DžǺƴǝǫ'
KƱǔǹ# ǶǴ ǭǴ'LJǹ FǶǜLJǢ FƱǨ ǰǹdžǫ'Q
ƵǜǶǯƾǮ IǶNJ 'ǶDZǶǩǹ ǭǫ Ʊǔǹ# K FǶ QǹLJǑǯǫ' ƱǯǨ ǭǴDžǴƱǎǹ FǶǜLJǢ FƱǨ ƱǮDžDzǜH ef
)1Ʊƾǀ ǛDzǑǫ Q ,Ljǯǫ Ƶ QǹLJǎƳ *Ʊǫ"
O ǰǺǗǫ' M /LJƾǮQ Q 'džǴ DžǺƴǝǫ' ǰǮ
dzǫ FǶǁNǬǑ Nǹ 'ǶDZƱǨ ƱǮ ǪǨ
)LJǚDZH FǶǜLJǣǫ' )LJǚDZ ƶDZƱǨ ǧǬƷ FǶǜLJǣǫ' ƱǵǺDzƴǹ FƱǨ ǸƸǫ' FDžǯǫ' (ƱNjǁǫ FǶǖƱƴǫ'
DžǺƴǝǫ' GƱƾƷ ǰǺ QǹLJǑǯǫ'
)džǢƱQDzǫ' ǰǮ ǭǴDžǴƱǍ ƱǮDžDzǜ ƵǣǬƸDŽǮ dzƷLJǚDZ ƶDZƱǨ ǭǵǺǫ' LJǚDZ ǰǺǀ ǷNJǶǮ ƱǯDZQ ' eg
ƶǁƴǐ# ǭǵǴ1ǶǵǙH ǭǴ/HDžǃ ǷǬǜ ǪǺNjƷ 9ǶǮ QDžǫ'H )Dž QǝƾǮH !ƱǢǶƽ ǭǵǴǶƽH ƶDZƱǨ
ǭǴ'LJǹ FƱǨ 'DžǺƴǜ K Q ƲǝǍ ILJǹ FƱǨ ǭǴƱǹ' dzƷDžǴƱǎǮ IDžǫ ƵǺDzǁDzǮ
ǭǴ'LJǹ ǰǩǹ ǭǫ dzǬǫ'
Q ƲǝǎǨ
1ƱƸDŽǯǫ' dzǬǫ'
*1/Ʊǟ F# džDzǮ 'LJ K ǎƴǮQ ILJǃ# Ƿǫ' ƵǮ' Q ǰǮH LJǃƪǫ DžǬƳ M ǰǮ ǪǦDzƷ# Q ƱDZ# ƱǯDzǺƳ G" ؼH eh
IǶNJ /ǶNjǹ FǶDZƱǥ M ǰǮ ƱǮ ƹǺǀ *ƱưǣǬǫ ƵǝǮƱƾǫ' ƵNjQ NJƬǯǫ' Q )LJǺǠǑǫ'
Q ƵǯǺDŽǫ' GdžǴ
!ƱDzƻƸNJƱƳ ILJǃ# )DžǺǦǜ ǰǮ ƱǮ 3 QDžǦǯǫ' (ƱƸǩǫ' IǶNJ LJǃ" (ƱƸǨ M ǰǮ ƱǮ ƵƴQ ǁǯǫ' FǶDZƱǥ
1ƱƸDŽǯǫ' dzǬǫ' Q ƲǝǍ ǭǵDZQ ƫǨH ǰǹ0ǶƴDzǯǫ' Ƿǫ'H dzǬǫ' Q !ƱDzƳ# Ƿǫ' LJǚQDzǫ' ƶǫHƱǀ ƿǺNjǯǫ'
FǶǯƸDzǹ 'ǶDZƱǨ F' ǭǵǫƫNJ# Ʊǫ EƱǵDZ'LJƳ ƵǯǺǃ Ƿǫ' FǶǯƸDzǹ 'ǶDZƱǨ '0' ƱǮ ǭǵǫƫNJ# Ʊǫ ƲDŽN NƸDzǯǫ'H
,Ʊƾǀ Q H# ǰǺ QǹLJǐƱDZ H# ǰǺǺDzǺNjǯǃ Q H# ǰǺǺDŽǺǎǮ
Q 'ǶDZƱǨ ƱǮ '0' H# Ƶ Qǹ/ǶƸǺǯǫ' Ƿǫ'
E' QDžǃO ǭǵDZQ # ǷǬǜ ǭǵǫƱǝǢ#H ǭǵǫƱǯǜ# Ƿǫ' LJǚDZ# ƱDZ#H ƲNjǀH ʹ Q ƲǝǎǨ ǭǴ'1# F# Džǹ1#
dzǬǫ'
ƵǖƱNjƴƳH ǸDzDZQ ' ǭǵƸǺǯNjƷ ƶDZƱǨ ƱǯǵǮ ǭǵǝǮ Ǫǐ'ǶƸǹ F# ǸƴǬǥ Q/ǶǹH dzǫƱǫ' DžǺNjǫ' Q
Q ƲǝǍ ǭǵDZQ ƫƳ ALJǜ# ǸDZQ ƫǫ ǭǵƴQ ǀ' ǭǵǝǮ Ǫǐ'ǶƷ# F# ) QDžǎƳ Ʋǟ1#
dzǬǫ'
EǶǯǬǮ
K ƱǴLJǝǍHƵǬǹǶǖ )1ǶQDzƷ JDžƷLJƷ ǸǴH 91Ʊǎǫ' ǸǢ ƵǮ/Ʊǥ )K #LJǮ' I1# ƱǮDžDzǜ ei
Ʊǵǫ ƱǯȥƳ OLJNǫ ILJǃ# ƵƳƱǍ )!#LJǮ' I1#H ƱǯǎƸǁǮ K K
ƱDZƱƸNjǢ ljƴǬƷHؽH ǡǬDŽǫ' Ƿǫ' ƵǹƱDzǝƳ
ILJǃƫǫ' ǰǮ Ǫǯƽ# ǰǺƷLJǮ Q K
Q Ǫǩǎǫ' ǸǢ FǶǩƷ Džǥ 'LJǺǑǥ ƱƷ1ǶǍ K ƵǹDžƷLJǮ dzNjǣDZ LJǯǝǫ'
ƵƳƱǎǫ' Q 1ƱƸǃ# AǶNjǢ ƱDZ# ǸƸǵƽ ǰǮ ƱǮ# ǭǫƱǝǫ' )LJǚDzǫ ƱǦǢ K H ǪǹǶǗǫ' Q LJǝǎǫ' Q *'0
P
O
)/ QDžǎƸǯǫƱƳ ƶ NƸ PǝDZH ƵǹLJDŽNjǬǫ ƶǓLJǝƷ Q ǶǫH ǷƸǀ ƵǺǁǺNjǮ Q )ƱƸǣǨ
M ljƳƱǬǯǫ' ƵǹDžƷLJǯǫ'Q
ƵǺƽ1ƱDŽǫ'
Q ƿǮƱǬǯǫ' ƵǬǺǯƽ FǶǩƷ Ʊǫ Džǥ ILJǃƫǫ' ǷǬǜ ƱǵǬǺǔǣƷ ǸǢ LJǯƸNjǮ Ȣ ǸDZQ ƱǢ 'džǴ ǛǮH
Q Q Q K
Jdžǫ' C'0 ILJ Oǹ Ʊǫ Jdžǫ' ILJƷ FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ ƱǵDZ' ƱǮ ƱưǺǍ ILJƷ ƱǵQDzǩǫH ILJǃƫǫ' ƵƳƱǎǫ' Q ǪƻǮ
ƱǵƷƱǺǀ /ǶǦǹ
ƵǥǶǗDzǯǫ' ƵǯǬǩǫ' a`
K QDžǎƸǮـH# 'ـLJ
'ـ/ K ǎƴǮـ
Q K
H# ـƱNJƱǯǍـ K
dzǬǯǜ FƱǩǮ ǸǢ dzDZH/ƱDzǹ ƱǬƽ1 I1# ƱǮDžDzǜ f`
ǰǮ ǰǹLJǃƪǫ' ǪƻǮ ǏǥLJǫ' Q ǰǨƱǮ# /ƱǺƷ1'H )LJǺƴǫ' !ƱNjƸǀ'H ǰǺǃDž QƸǫ' ǰǜ ǛDzƸǯǹ dzDZƫǫ
61ƫǫ' ǷǬǜ ƱDzǴ Ǹǃ# dzDZQ ' dzǝǮ ǡǖƱǝƸǹ ǸƴǬǥ QFƱǢ ـ/ QDžǎƸǯǫƱƳ ـdzDZǶƸǝDzǹH ǭǵDzǺƳ
!ƱƳLJǟ ƱDzDZQ ' Ǹǃ# Ʊǹ ـDǶǦǫ'H dzƸǦDZƱǝǮ ǸǢ ƵƴǟLJǫ'
Q ǸƴǬǥ ǸǢ ǤǬDŽǹ ƱǮ 'džǴH Ƶ QǹLJǑǯǫ'
Q BǶƷ# ǸDZQ 'H DžǬƴǫ' 'džǴ ǸǢ !ƱǫLjDZH
ـǧǝǮ ƵǨLJǎǬǫ
FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ 1ƱǺƸǃƱǫ' 1ƱƸDŽǹ F# ǷNJǶǮ ǷǬǜ Ʋƾǹ FƱǨ
ǰǮ ǭǨ FǶǜLJǢ ƵDzƳ' ǰƳ' 'ǶǁƴǑǹ ƱǯǺǩǫ ƵǐLJǣǫ' 'ǶǬǠƸNjǺǫ Q Q ǰǮ ǭǨ fa
'ǶDZƱǨ FƱƴǎǫ'
Q Q Q
ƼǴƱƴǮH *'džǬǯƳ Ǜ QƸǯ QƸǬǫ ǷNJǶǮ ƱǵǺǬǜ ǪǑǀ ǸƸǫ' ƵǐLJǣǫ' 'ǶǬǠƸNjǺǫ 'ǶDZƱǨ FƱƴǎǫ' Q
Q ǭǫƱǝǫ' ƿƴǑǹH LJǑǮ ǧǬǮ ƿƴǑǹ Ǹǩǫ ǭǫƱǝǫ'
'džǴ !ـƱƴǠǬǫ Ʊǹ ـdzǺǮDžǥ DžDzǜ dzǬǨ
Ƿǫ' dzDZƱǩǮ džǃƫǹ F# ǷƕNJǶǮ 1ƱƸǃ' Ƶǚǁǫ GLJǑǜ ǸǢ FƱƴǎǫ' Q DƱǀ FƱNjǫ DžǺǨƫƸǫƱƳ
Q
ـdzǬǫ' ƲǝǍ ǰǮ ǰǺƳdžǝ Q Oǯǫ'H ǰǺƳǶǩDzǯǫ' ƲDZƱƽ
ǭǫƱǝǫ' ƼǴƱƴǮ ǰǮ DžǝƳ# ǶǴ ƱǮ Ƿǫ' LJǚDZ dzǺDzǺǜ ǛǢ1 ƱǮDžDzǜ FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ 'džǴ ǪǝǢ ǭǫ N fb
K'DžǮƱǐ ǸǦƳ dzDZQ ƫƳ DǶǦǹ 3 QDžǦǯǫ' (ƱƸǩǫ'H ƵưǺǗDŽǫ' *'džǬǮ
Q ǰǮ DžǝƳ# ǶǴ ƱǮ Ƿǫ' LJǚDZ DžǦǫ
K
ǪǑǀ ƱǯǵǮ dzǫƱǫ' 'džǴ EDžDŽǹ F# 1ƱƸǃ' FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳH 1ǶǚDzǮ LJǺǠǫ' ILJǹ dzDZQ ƫǨH ƱƸƳƱƺH
!ƱDzƳ
K dzǺǯNjDZ Q F# ǰǩǯǹ ƱǮ Ƿǫ' ƲǴdžǹ Džǥ ƱDzDzǺƳ ǰǮ LJǺƴǨ /Džǜ LJǺǠƷ Q Džǥ !ǸǍ Ʊǫ fc
Q
DžǜƱǦǮ ǷǬǜ 3ǶǬƾǫƱƳ 9ƱƸǯƸNJƱǫ'H ƵǨLJǎǫƱƳ -LJǣDZ F# ǧǍ FH/ ǛǺǗƸNjDZ ǪǔǢ#
ƱDzǢLJǑƷH
Q ƱDzNjƴǫH LJƯƱƾNjǫ' ƱDzǬǝǍ#H ƱDzƳLJǍ DƱǀ ǸǢ ƵǺƴǝǍQ LJƻǨ# ƿƴǑDZ DžǥǪǔǢ#
Q Q
ILJ Oǹ Ʊǫ Jdžǫ' FHLJƷ FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳH ǭǩDZǶǺǜ ǭƸǝǢ1 DžǦǫ ǪǑǀ Jdžǫ' ƱǮ ǰǩǫH ǭǫƱǝǫ' ǪƻǮ
Jdžǫ'Q ILJDZ FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ ǭǝDZ ǰǹDžƾǯǯǫƱƳ
Q ǰǺǣQDzǑǯǫ' ǧưǫH'H ǰǹ0ǶƴDzǯǫ' ǡǐ ǸǢ ǭƸǣǥHH
ƲƯƱǑǯǫ'H *'/ƱǵǗǓƱǫ' 1ƱƸDŽDZH ILJ Oǹ Ʊǫ
ǰǫ ǰǺƳǶǩDzǮ 'ǶDZǶǩǹ FƫƳ 'H1ƱƸDŽǹ F# ǭǵǫ ǸǠƴDzǹ dzDZQ ƫƳ 3ƱDzǬǫ DǶǥ# F# Q/H# Ʊǫ fd
ǭǩDzǮ ƶƴǬǖ ƱǮ '0' !ǸǎƳ M ƵǺDZƱNjDZƱǫ'
Q ǰǮ FǶǩǹ ǰǫ ǭǫƫǫ' 1ƱǺƸǃ' ǭǩǺǬǜ Ʋƾǹ DǶǥ#
F# ǭǨDžǹ1# Ʊǫ ƱDZ1HLjǹ ƱǮDžDzǜ dzǬƴǦDzǬǢ Ʋƽ'Ƕǫ' ǤǹLJǖ ǭǫƫǫ' 6LJƸǜ' '0' ƱǯDZQ ' LJǮƫǫ' 'džǴ
'ǶǫǶǦƷ F# ǭǨDžǹ1# Ʊǫ ǰǹLJǃƪǫ' Ǫƴ Pǥ ǰǮ ƵǹLJDŽNjǬǫ ƵK ǓN LJʹ Oǜ ǭǩǬǝƾǹ Džǥ ƱǮ ƱưǺǍ K 'ǶǬǝǣƷ
ـC'0H# ǭǫƱǝǫ' ǰǮ !Ǹǎǫ' Q 'džǵƳ ǰǮƬƷ Ʊǫ ƵNjǺDzǨ
M ǰǮ !Ljƽ
K O
ƶNjǫؼǸ Q
DZ' ـǷ QƸǍ !ƱǺǍ#
ǭƸDZ# ǭǩDZQ ' ǭǩDzǮ ƵǹLJDŽ
P NjǬǫ
Q 3ƱQ Dzǫ' ǛǢ/ Ƿǫ' Ʊǫ' J Q/Ƭǹ Ʊǫ Jdž Q
ǫ' !ƱǺǍƫǫ' ǰǮ 9ǶQDzǫ' 'džǴH
KƱưǺǍ 1ǶǮƫǫ' 9'ǶDZ# Ƿ QƸǎƳ 'ǶǮǶǦƷH ƱDzǴ ǰǮ 'ǶƽLJDŽƷ F# ǭǩǫ DǶǥ# ǰǫ 'džǴ FǶǬǝƸǣƷ ǰǮ
ǭǩƸǝDZ Ƿǫ' ǭǴDžǀ# ǸǜDžƸNjƷ AǶNJ ǸƸǫ'Q DƱǝǢƫǫ' GdžǵƳ 'ǶǮǶǦƷ F# ǭǨDžǹ1# Ʊǫ ƱK Qǹ1džƽ ƱǮ
GƱƾƷ ǭǩƴƽ'H ǤǹLJǖ ǷǬǜ 'džǴ DžƽP OH ƱǮ '0' ƱǯDZQ ' LJǮƫǫ' 'džǴ FǶǬǝƸǣƷ ǭǩDZ' ǰǹ/ QDžǎƸǯǫƱƳ
ǭǩƷƱǺǀ ǭƸDZ# 'ǶǝƳƱƷ FH$Ʊǎǹ ƱǯƳ FǶǴ QǶǣƸǹ 3ƱQDzǫ' ƱǵDzǺǀ'Ƕǜ/ dzǬǫ' Q
ǧDZQ ' 'džǨH 'džǨ ǸǬǝǢs ـǭǩǫ DǶǦǹ Džǥ ǭǫƱǝǫ' *ƱƳ'džƽ !ƱNjDZ *ƱƳƱǍ ƱDzǴ DžƽǶǹ Džǥ ff
ـdzǺǓLJǝƷ F# ǸǠƴDzǹ DƱǯƾǫ' ǛƯ'1 ǧǯNjƽ ƵǬǺǯƽ
DƱǥ Jdžǫ'Q Ƿǫ' 'džǴ ǰǮ DžǝƳ# ǶǴ ƱǮ Ƿǫ' JLJǚDZ'H ǧǺDzǺǜ ǸǝǢ1s ǸƸǃ# Ʊǹ ǰǩǫH fg
ـDƱƽLJǫ' L
Q (ƱǺƺ )#LJǯǫ' JDžƷLJƷ F# ƵǎǀƱǣǫ ƱǵDZQ 'ـ
O ǰǵƳ
CLJǝǍ ǸǑQ ǥـ Q ǰǺǦƸǬƷ ǸƷ'ǶǬǫ'Q !ƱNjQDzǫ' H# ǧǗǺǁǮ ǰǯǓ DƱƽLJǫ' ǧǫ DƱǥ Fs fh
H# ـLJǃ" !ǸǍ J# H# C'0 H# 'džǴ FǶǩǺǢ LJƴǨ# Ƶ QǹǶǺǀ ǧǁDzǯǹ AǶNJ 'džǴ ǪǹǶǗǫ' Q
ǭǵǺǫ' ǸǠǑʹ ƷO Ʊǫ ـǪǔǢ# ǧǬǝƾǹ AǶNJـ
ƱǫH ƱǴDžƾǮ ǶǴ )#LJǯǫ' LJǝǍ ـDƱǥ Jdžǫ'Q Ƿǫ' JLJǚDZ'H FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ ǧǺDzǺǜ ǸǝǢ1s fi
ـdzǑǦƷ
Q F# Ʋƾǹ
LJǚDZ ǸǢ H# Ǫǯǝǫ' ǸǢ ǧƷ1Ƕǐ
P ǰNjǁƸƷ
Q AǶNJ ǡǗǫ# FǶǩǹ AǶNJ ـǧǫ 'ǶǫƱǥ Fs g`
!ƱNjQDzǫ' LJƯƱNJ ǪƻǮ LJƯƱƾNjǫ' ƶǬǝǍ#
P '0s ǛǯƸƾǯǫ' ǸǢ 3ƫǩƳ
M ƶǨ1ƱǍ
P DƱǀ ǸǢ ǧNjǺƯ1
P
ـǧƷ1Ʊǀ ǸǢ ǪǔǢ# ƵǺǜƱǯƸƽ'
M ƵǫLjDzǯƳ
M ǰǺǚǁƷ AǶNJ
AǶNjNǫH DžNjƾǫ' 'džǴ 'ǶNjDZQ / ـDƱǥ Jdžǫ'Q JDžǴƱǍH ǧǺDzǺǜ ǸǝǢ1s FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ ga
FǶDzǮƬƷ !ƱǺǍ# ƱǵDZQ ' ƱǵDZHLJƷ !ƱǺǍ# ƶNjǺǫ GdžǴ 1ǶǮƫǫ' GdžǴ B QDžǑDZ FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ ƱDzDZQ s ـGLJǮ/#
Q
ǷNJǶǮ ǪǝǢ 'džǩǴ FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ ƱǵƳ
1ƱǺDŽǫ' 0ƱDŽƷQ ' ǭǩǫ ǸǠƴDzǹ ƹǺǀ ƶǥH
K ǸƷƫǹ GdžǴ FƱǯǹƱǫ' )LJǺNjǯƳH gb
)LJǺƻǨ FƱǺǀ# K
ǸǣǢ Ʊǔǹ# ǰǁDZ dzǬǝǣDZ Jdžǫ' !ǸNjǫ'
Q ƫǗDŽǫ' C'0 7Ƕǫ ALJƸǥ' DžǦǫ gc
M
Q Q Jdžǫ' 1ƱƸDŽDZ ƱDzDZQ ' ǰǁDZ ƱDzƴNJƱDzƷ ǸƸǫ'Q !ƱǺǍƫǫ' 1ƱƸDŽDZ
ǪǔǢƫǫ' dzDZ# ǰǚDZ Q
Ǹǜ'LJǫ' K
Q H# ǡǦNJƫǫ' QFs ƱDzNjǀـ ǭǴDžǀ# DƱǥH ƵNjǺDzǩǫ' ǸǢ ƱǮ AƱǬǃK ƲǎDZ ƱǮ '0' gd
GdžǴ 'ǶǣǥP Hʹ 'Ȝ Ǥǀ ǶǴ ƱǮ Ƿǫ' 'HLJǚDZ# LJǮƫǫ' 'džǴ Ƿǫ' 'HLJǚDzƷ Ʊǫ ـdzǯǺDŽǮQ 1ƱƸǃ' Džǥ
ȧ
ǸǵǫƱǫ' LJǮƫǫ' ǶǴ 'džǴ ǰǺǦǹLJǣǫ' ǰǺƳ ƱǯǺǢ 'ǶǦǢHHN ƵǫƫNjǯǫ'
Jdžǫ'Q 1ƱƸDŽDZƵǺǑDŽ
Q Q ƱDzƷ'1ƱǺǃ ǛDzǑDZ ǰǁDZH G0ƱDŽƷQ ' ǸǠƴDzǹ 1L ƱǺǃ ǧǫƱDzǴ ge
ǎǫ'
ƱDzƴNJƱDzǹ
Q ƲǝǍ ǛǮ LJǺNjǹ Ǹǩǫ 1Ʊǝǫ'H ǭǫƫǫ' 1ƱƸǃ' Džǥ ǷNJǶǮ ǰǩǫH
Fƪǫ' 'džǵƳ 'HLJǩƸǢs dzǬǫ' Q gf
K Q N ȥ N Ȝ Ȝ K ȧ N
ǭǚǜ# ǷDzǟ ǧǫ0 ƱƴNJƱǀ dzP Ǭǫ' ƲP ʹǝǍ NǛǮN Ddž Oǹ Fʹ ' ILJN ǀʹ ƱǫƱƳP ƱǬǔǣ OǮ ـǸǬǹ ƱǮ Ƿǫ' 'ǶǠǐ#
ـILJN Oǹ ƱǫN ǰʹ ǮN ILJN Nǹ OdzDZȥ ƱȜ N Ǩ / QDžǎƷ dzDZQ ƫǫ
)Džǀ'H )K LJǮ
Q 1ƱǺƸǃƱǫ' ؋7Ƕǫ؋ ǷǬǜ FƱǨ Fƪǫ'
ǭǴ1ƱǺǃ 0ƱDŽƷQ ƱƳ Fƪǫ' ƱDzǵǴ ǰǺNjǫƱƾǫ' !ƱNjDzǫ'H DƱƽLJǫ' ǒǝƳ EǶǦǹ F# ǰǩǯǯǫ' ǰǮ gg
F# ǭƷLJƸǃ' Džǥ ƶǔǮ )DžǹDžǜ M *'ǶDzNJ
M džDzǮ ǭǩDZQ ƫǫ dzǺǬǜ ǭƸDZ# ƱǮ EǶǺǫ' ǭƸDZ# ǸƯƱǵQDzǫ'
ljǯǃ DžǝƳ dzDZN ǶDZǶǩƷ AǶNJ ƱǮ / QDžǁǹ AǶNJ ǸǫƱǁǫ' ǭǨ1ƱǺǃH Fƪǫ' dzǺǬǜ ǭƸDZ# ƱǮ 'ǶDZǶǩƷ
*'ǶDzNJ ljǯǃH ƱǬK NJLJ N OǮ FǶǩƷ Džǥ EǶǺǫ' ǰǮ #1ƱƴƸǜs *'ǶDzNJ ljǯǃ DžǝƴǢ *'ǶDzNJ
K
'1ǶǵǎǮ K
ƱǺǁǺNjǮ K
ƱDZƱNjDZ' K
ƿƴǑƷ Džǥ EǶǺǫ' ǰǮ '1ƱƴƸǜs
ƵǥǶǗDzǯǫ' ƵǯǬǩǫ' ab
K
DžǝƳ ƮǖƱDŽǫ' 1'LJǦǫ' *džDŽƷQ ' ǧDZQ ƫǫ ǭQDzǵƽ ǸǢ ƱǝƳƱǥ FǶǩƷ Džǥ *'ǶDzNJ ljǯǃ DžǝƳ H# gh
K
*'1Ʊƴǫ' Džǀ# ǸǢ ǤǐƱƴǯǫ' ǡǺǚDzƸƳ ƱǩǯǵDzǮ FǶǩƷ Džǥ EǶǺǫ' ǰǮ '1ƱƴƸǜsK *'ǶDzNJ ljǯǃ
Q Q K K
91'Ƕǎǫ' Džǀ# ǸǢ ǰǺǝǩNjƸƷ )LJǴƱǜ ǰǺDZǶǩƷ Džǥ EǶǺǫ' ǰǮ '1ƱƴƸǜs *'ǶDzNJ ljǯǃ DžǝƳ
H# G1Ƕǔǀ FǶǩǹ )K #LJǮ' H# ƱǬƽ1 K ƿƴǑƷ Džǥ *'ǶDzNJ ljǯǃ DžǝƳ ƱǯQƳLJǫ H# gi
ljǯǃ DžǝƳ ƿǺNjǯǫ' *LJƸǃ' Džǥ EǶǺǫ' ǧDZQ ƫǫ 'K QDžƽ Ʊǯ K Ǻǥ
Q ƵǜƱǯƽ Ƶ Qǹ# ǰǯǓƱǴ1Ƕǔǀ
Q
EǶǺǫ' ǧDZƫǫ AƱǗƸǃƱǫ' ǸǢ *1/ƱǟH Džƾǯǫ' ǸǢ FǶǩƷ Džǥ EǶǺǫ' ǰǮ '1ƱƴƸǜ' K *'ǶDzNJ
M
1ƱǺƸǃƱǫƱƳ ƶǯ N ǥO Džǥ
ʹ G'LJƷ Jdžǫ'Q Ƿǫ' LJǚDzƷ ƱǫH 1ƱƸDŽƷ F# ǧǺǬǜ ǰǩǫH h`
ǶǴ 'džǴFƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ G'LJƷ ƱǮ LJʹ NƸǃs
FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ dzƷN LJƸǃ' Jdžǫ'Q ǭǵǯǫ'
1ƱǺƸǃƱǫ' ƵǹLJǀ
Q 7ǶǬǫ ǭǺǴ'LJƳ' CLJƷ DžǦǫ 1ƱƸDŽǹ F# ؋7Ƕǫ ـǷǬǜ FƱǨ ha
K
ƵDzƽ ǸǢ 'ـǶǮDžDŽƷ F# FHDžǹLJƷ ǰǮN EǶǺǫ' 'H1ƱƸǃs ـ1ƱǺDŽǫ' ǭǩǫ CLJƸǹ Ʊǔǹ# Q
dzǬǫ'H hb
1ƱǺƸǃƱǫ' ALJǍ FƱNjDZƱǬǫ FƱǨ DžǦǫ )ƱǺǁǫ' )LJƾǍH ƵǢLJǝǯǫ'@ؽǫ' )LJƾǍ CƱDzǴ FƱǨ FDžǜ
)LJǁǫ'
Q ǧƸưǺǎǮ ǒǁǯƴǢ EǶǺǫ' dzNjǣDZ !Ǹǎǫ'H Q dzƸƴǟLJǫ ƱǦǢ K H ILJǃƫǫ'H )Džǀ'Ƕǫ' ǰǺƳ
P
GDžǹLJƷ ƱǮ ǪǨ 1ƱǺƸǃ' ALJǍ ǧǹDžǫ
ǕǺǁƷ ǸƸǫ'Q ƵƻǹDžǁǫ' !ƱǺǍƫǫ' Ƿǫ' 'HLJǚDzƷ Ʊǫ ƵǁǺǑQDzǫ' GdžǴ ǭǩǫ E QDžǥ# F# Q/H# hc
ILJǀƫǫƱƳ 'H1ƱƸǃ' ǪƳ ƱǵǺǬǜ FǶDZǶǩƷ Džǥ ǸƸǫ'Q ƵǺƳ0Ʊƾǫ'H
Q ƵǺƴǝ Q )LJǵǎǫ'
Q ǎǫ' Q Ƿǫ' ǭǩƳ
)ƱǺǁǫ' ǭǩǁDzǯǹ ǭǬǙ M K
ǪǨ ǸǵDz OǹH ǸƷƫǹ AǶNJ ƱǮ K
ƱǮǶǹ dz Q
DZ ƫƳ DžǜH Jdž Q
ǫ' C'0 FƱǯǹƱǫ'ƱƳ
ǛǮ LJǦN NƸǁʹ Oǯǫ' ǤǹLJǗǫ' ǸǢ LJǺNjǬǫ
Q ǭƷ1LJǗǓ' ǶǫH ǷƸǀ *Ƕǯǫ' ǰǮ ǭǩǯǺǦǹH Ƶ QǹDžƳƫǫ'
ǸǢ ǪǨƱǎǮ CƱDzǴ FƱǨ Fs 1ƱǺƸǃƱǫ' 'džǴ ǷǬǜ 'ǶǮDžP ǥʹ 'Ȝ (LJǫ' Q FǶǑDŽǹ Q ǰǹdžǫ'Q ǰǮ ǪƯƱǬǦǫ'
FƱǨ ƱǯDzǹ# H# DLjDzǯǫ' ǸǢ ǪǨƱǎǮ CƱDzǴ FƱǨ Fs ƵNjǺDzǩǫ' ǸǢ ǪǨƱǎǮ CƱDzǴ FƱǨ Fs /ƱǬƴǫ'
ǧǬNJƫNJ GLJǔǁǮ ǸǢ ǛǓ'ǶƷ# AǶNJ dzǬǫ' Q EDžǃ# AǶNJ FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ ـ1ƱǺƸǃƱǫƱƳ 'ǶǮǶǥ
ǰǹ/HLJǗǮ ǰǹ0ǶƴDzǮH ǰǹLJǦN NƸǁʹ OǮ ǭǵƸǹ$1 ǰǮ ǭǟLJǫƱƳ Q dzǬǫ' Q !ƱDzƳ# ǛǮ dzNjǣDZ ǤǹLJǗǫ' Q
Q
ǸǩƳ# AǶNJ ǭǵƴDZƱƽ Ƿǫ' ǷǦƳƫNJ Ǹƴƽ'H ǰǜ ǷǬDŽƷ# ǰǫ ǸQDzDZƱǢ ǭǵƳ FǶƯLjǵƸNjǹH
ǕǯDZ ǭǵƷƱǺǀ ǕǯN DZN ƿƴǑǹH FǶDZLjǁǹ ƱǮDžDzǜ ǭǵǺNJƪǮ ǭǵǨ1ƱǍ#H FǶǩƴǹ ƱǮDžDzǜ ǭǵǝǮ
ـƱǔǹ# ƱDZ# ǸƷƱǺǀ
ǸǥLJǖ ǸǥLJǖ ǧǥLJǖ ـǸǯǝODzǫ +Ƕǜ'1 ƶǫƱǥ ƱǯǨ ILJǀƫǫƱƳؼǸǯ ʹǝDZO ƶǫƱǥ ƱǯǨ hd
AǶNJ dzDzǺǮDžDŽƷ Jdžǫ'Q dzǫƱǫ' ƲǴ0# ǰǺƴǴdžƷ ƱǯDzǹ# njǺǜ# ǰǺǎǺǝƷ ƹǺǀ ǧǥLJǖ
Q CLJǺǯǓ ǰǜ ƶ NǜLjP DZO FsH Ƿ QƸǀ ǭǨ1ƱǺǃ 'džǴ ǰǩǺǫ ـǸǵǫ' FǶǩǹ
)LJǎǦǫ' ǸǑDŽǎǫ'
ǪƯƱǬǦǫ' ǤǹLJǖ ǧǬNJ'H )LJǎǦǫ' GdžǴ ǰǮ ǏǬȥ DŽN ƷN ǭǵǮ
Ȣ ǏDŽǍ L ǧDZQ ƫƳ DžǦƸǝƷ ǧǬǝƾƷ ǸƸǫ'Q
K K Q Ƿǫ' ǰǺǯƸDzǯǫ' ǰǹLJǦN NƸǁʹ Oǯǫ'
ǧƴǑDzǮ ǸǢ ƱDzǺǮ#H Ǫǯǝǫ' F'DžǺǮ ǸǢ ƱǑǬDŽǮ ǤʹN Ƴs (LJǫ'
Q
I#LJǢ EHDžNJ ƵǺǀƱDZ ǛǬǗƷH ـ1ƱǺDŽǫ' JDžǫ
Q ـDƱǥ dzǺǫ'Ƕǀ ǰǮ ـ7Ƕǫ ـLJǚDZ DžǦǫ he
Q
FƱǩǯǫ' ǰǮ ǪǔǢ#H ǭǺǴ'LJƳ' G"1 Jdžǫ' ǰǮ ǪǔǢ# 'džǴ FƱǩǢ )DžǺƾǫ'
Q !'LJǔDŽǫ' DǶǦǁǫ'
ǷǬǜ DǶǑǁǫ'H dzDZƱǝǗǦǫ 9'LJǮ
M /Ʊƾǹ' ǸǢ ƵǺDZƱǩǮƱǫ'
Q I#1 DžǦǫ ǭǺǴ'LJƳ' ǰǩNJ ƹǺǀ
)DžǺƽH ƵDzǺǯNJ 4'ǶǮ
M
ac ǷNJǶ
N OǮ ʹFƱ NǯǹȡƱǫƱƳP
ǰǮ DžǹDžǝǫ' ǡǥǶǮ dzǺǬǜ FƱǨ ƱǮ 'džǴ ǰǩǫH ƱǮ Džǀ# M 1N ǶǝǍ -LJƽ# Ʊǫ# ǪǮ" ǸDZs hf
EƱǵDZ'LJƳ .ƫǫ' ؟D'ǶǮƫǫ' ǰǮ DžǹLjǯǫ' ǪǺǑǁƷ Ǫƽ# ǰǮ ǪǺƾDZƱǫ' ǷǬǜ ƵǮHƱNjǯǫ' ǰǹLJǎƴǯǫ' Q
61# Q
M ǸǢ njǺǝǫ' ILJǀƫǫƱƳ ǪǔǢ# ǸDZ# B21 /1Ƕ P ǮN ؞EE '*LJǮQ +ƱǬƺ dzǹDžǺƳ ǤǣǑǹ Q
ǷǬǜ EHƱNJ# ƱǫH njǵǫ' ƶǹǶǩNjƴǫ' ǒǝƳ ǰǮ IdžǠƷ#H Q Ǹǥ'ǶNjǫ' Q ǰǮ (LJǍ# ǪǨ" ƵǬǀƱǥ
Q 'džǴ ǧǬNJ# AǶNJ Ǹǁǫ'
ǤǹLJǗǫ' Q
dzǬǫ' ƵǯǬǩƳ ǸDZƱǯǹ' ǷǬǜ ǸƷƱǜƱDzǥ
Q
ǰǮ DžǹDžǝǫ' /ǶƽH ǸǢ ǰ OǯǩƷ ǧƷƱǜƱǯƸƽs ǸǢ ƵǬǩǎǯǫ'Q QFs ǸǬǺƳ ـǒǝƴǫ' DƱǥ DžǦǫ hg
ǡƯ'ǶǗǫ'Q IDžǀƱǫ ǭǵǮ
Ȣ E/Ʊǃ
K dzǫƱǥ ƱǮ 'džǴ ـǰǺǺDzǺNjǯDŽǫ'
Q 5ƱDŽǍƫǫ'
ـǸƷƱǜƱǯƸƽs ǭǜDžƷH D QǶǯƷ FƫƳ ǧƸǣƯƱǖ ǪƴǦƷ ǪǴ ـdzǫ ƶǬǥ
ƵǫƱǦǯǫ' ƲƷƱǨH ǰǙ#
Q ƱǮ ǷǬǜ CǶǫ ƵǬƾǮ Q L
ǸǢ DƱǦǮ 2N LJNN Ƴ )DžǺǝƴƳ ƶNjǺǫ )LJƸǢ
M džDzǮ hh
ǸǴ ƵǺDzǺNjǯDŽǫ'
Q ƵNjǺDzǩǫ' QFs ـDƱǥ ǰǺǺDzǺNjǯDŽǫ'
Q ǰǜ dzƻǹDžǀ 6P LJP ʹǝǮN ǸǢ ƱǵǺǢ LJǨ0 Džǥ
Q QFƫǫ '0Ʊǯǫ ـEǶǺǫ' ǭǫƱǝǫ' ǸǢ 'K QǶǯDZ 9LJNJƫǫ' ƵNjǺDzǩǫ'
ǭǵDzǺǜ# 'ǶǝǢ1 Džǥ !ƱNjQDzǫ'H DƱƽLJǫ'
Q
DžǺǝƴǫ' ǶǁDZ 'ǶǝǬǗƷH BǶǢ Ƿǫ'
ǒǝƴǫ' ـƱǔǹ# K DƱǥ dzQDzǩǫH G" ǰǺǺDzǺNjǯDŽǫ'
Q K
5ƱDŽǍƫǫ' Ʊǔǹ# -N NDžǮN ƲƷƱǩǫ' QF# ƱǯǨ hi
ǭǵDZQ s )K DžǺǦǜ FHDžƴǝǹ FǶǺ Qǹ/ǶƻǺǯǫ' ǰǩǫH
Q GLJǃ" Ƿǫ'H ƵǠǫƱƴǯǫ' ǸǢ 'ǶǥLJǟ Džǥ ǭǵDzǮ
ǰǩǫH
Q ǰǺǺDŽǺǎǯǫ'H
Q ǰǺǺDZ'Džǯǝǯǫ'
Q ǷǬǜ ǤƴǗDzǹ dzNjǣDZ LJǮƫǫ'H )DžǺǦǝǫ
M ƱǦ Q FHDžƴǝǹ
K Ǣʹ H dzǬǫ'
P
ـǪǺƾDZƱǫ' ƲNjǁƳ Džƴǝǹ ǸDzǺNjǯDŽǫ'
FHLJǦN NƸǁʹ OǮ ǭǴ Ƶƽ1/
M Ƶǹ# Ƿǫ' ǭǵǹ ȥ
Q ƱǯǬǥؽǭǵǺǫ' ǭǔDZ#
Q AǶNJ DžǜǶǫ' ILJDZ FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ i`
ƵǹLJDŽNjǬǫ )K Ʊǜ ʹDžǮN 'Ƕǁƴǐ# Džǥ ǭǵDZQ # ǰǮ ǭǟLJǫ' Q ǷǬǜ ǭǵDzǮ 'Džǀ'HK O
ƶǫ2 ƱǮ ƱDZƫǢ
K K K
ƲDZƱƽ Ƿǫs ƵǬ QƸǫ' ǷǬǜ ƱǦǬǗ OǮ ǡǥ# ǰǫ ǪǺƯ'LJNJ' ƶǬǝǢ ƱǯǨ ƱǫHLjDZH '/Ƕǝǐ FǶǁƽ1ƫƸǹH
CƱDzǴ ǭǺDŽǯǫ'
Q Q dzǨ1ƱƳ Jdžǫ'Q ǰǝǫ# F# ƱǫHƱǁǮ
'džǴ ǸǢ dzDZQ ƫǫ dzǬǫ' K Q
EƱǝǬƳ ('džǩǫ' ǸƴQDzǫ'
Q
ƱǮ 'džǴ QFƱǢ ǭǵƸǫƱǀ ǰǜ LJǚQDzǫ' ǒǠƳP 1ƱDZ ǰǮ /Ƕǯ NǜH E/ ƵǁǺƳ0H ƵƳHLJǔǮ )LJDŽǐ
ǧǫƱNjǫ'
Q /ǶǜǶǯǫ' Ʋǝǎǫ' Q ǭǵƷQ ƫǫ ƵNǫƱǁ OǮ Ʊǫ dzDZǶǦǦǁǹQ AǶNjNǫH 1ƱǑƸDZƱǫ' Ƿǫ' ǭǴ/ǶǦǹ
Q Q
DƱǀ ǶǴ 'džǴH CƱDzǴH ƱDzǴ 'ǶǴƱƷ ǭǵDZ# Ʊǫs ƵǣƯƱǖ ǭǵDZǶǨ EDžǜ ǰǮ ǭǟLJǫ' Q ǷǬǜ FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ
Ʊǫ ǭǵǢǶǣǐ Ƿǫ' ǭǔDZ#H Q ǭǵǝǮ ǤǹLJǗǫ' Q 'džǴ ǸǢ LJǺNJ' AǶNJ ǸDzQDzǩǫH Ʊǔǹ# K Q ƲǝǍ
dzǬǫ'
Q Q
FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ ǸDZƫǫ JDžƳƫǫ' dzǬǫ' -H1 LJǐƱDzǜ DǶǀ ǭǵǝǮ ƵǨLJǎǫ' Q Ƿǫ' ǰǩǫH ǭǵƸǣƯƱǖ Ƿǫ'
ǡǥǶǯǫ' 'džǴ ǷǬǜ ƵǚǢƱǁǯǬǫ dzǬǫ' Q ǸDZDžǜƱNjǺǬǢʹ 3DžǦǫ' -HLJǫ' Q Ƶ Qǹ/ǶǯǝǮ ƶO ǬPʹ DZ Džǥ
N
ƵǐLJǣǫ' K
I#1 Džǥ ؋ƱǖǶǫـ QF# ǡǎƸǩDZ ǭǵǦǹLJǖ FǶǬǐ'Ƕǹ 'ǶDZƱǨ ƱǯǺǢ 'ǶǚǀƱǫ ia
ǸǢ ƵǐLJǢ FHLJǹ FHLJǺƻǨ ƵNK Dzǯʹ NJO LJƻǨ# ƵǺǍƱǮ
K M ǷǬǜؽǷǬǜ DǶǑǁǫ' Ǫƽ# ǰǮ ƵǁDZƱNJ L
LjǨLJǮ
M Q ǭǵǫ ƿǺƸƷO ǸƸǫ'Q ƵǐLJǣǫ' FHDžƾǹ FHLJǺƻǨ ǭDŽǓ# /ǶǦDZ
ƬƴƷ M ƵǚǣǁǮP ǷǬǜ DǶǑǁǫ'
DžǦǫ ƵǺǢƱǓƱǫ' Q *'1ƱǫH QDžǫ' ǒǝƳ ƲP Njʹ N ǩǫ ƵK ǺDZƱǩǮs
Q ǧǫƱDzǴ QFƫƳ I#1 DžǦǫ ǪǔǢ# ǸǜƱǯƸƽs ȣ
KƱǺǨ0 K Q K Odz O
Q ƱǬƽ1 FƱǨ dzDZƱǢ ƱƴǹLJǟ DZǶǨ ƵDzǹDžǯǫ' Ƶ QǹDžǬƳ ljǺƯ1 ƿƴǑǺǫ ƵǺDZƱǩǮs K Q CƱDzǴ QFƫƳ I#1
ƶDZƱǨ ƱǵDZN ƫǫ ƵǺDZƱǩǮƱǫ'
Q ǧǬƷ I#1 DžǦǫ ـƵDzǹDžǯǫ' ljǺƯ1 ƿƴǐ#
O ƱǯQ
Ƴ LJN ǫـ dzǺǬǜ HDžƴǹ ƱǯǨ 'K QDžƽ
K
ƱǔǢ'1 dzNjǣDZ 1LJƴǹ
Q FƱǨ 61ƫǫ' LJǮDžƸNJ Q ǸƸǫ'Q F'LJǺDzǫ' LJǹ
N ǭǫ dzQDzQǩǫH dzǮƱǮ# ƵǜǶǓǶǮK
Q
Q F# QDžƳ Ʊǫ dzǬǫ' QFƫƳH ǭƺƱǫƱƳ ƵưǺǬǮ ƶDZƱǨ /ƱǬƴǫ' QFƫƳ 1'LJǥǿ'
ƱǴLJǮDžǹ
ƵǥǶǗDzǯǫ' ƵǯǬǩǫ' ad
ـFǶǺǁǺNjǮ
Q ǭƸDZ# ǪǴ ـDǶǥƫNJ
ǪƻǯǨ Q ǰǹLJǮƫǫ' ǰǺƳ ƱǯǺǢ ƵǥƱǬǜ Ƶ Qǹ# ǧǫƱDzǴ ljǺǫ ـǸǨLJǺǮ# ǸDZQ s ـFǶǫǶǦǹ ic
P Ʊǫs
Q
ǤǣǑǹ EƱǵDZ'LJƳ .ƫǫ' ؟BƱǬǖƱǫ' ǷǬǜ ƵǥƱǬǜ Ƶ Qǹ# CƱDzǴ ljǺǫ 9DžǣǓ dzDZQ ƫƳ ('LJǠǬǫ DǶǦǫ'
؞EE dzǹDžǺƳ )Džǀ'H )LJǮ Q
L
ƶʹ ƾN DZN DžǥH ƱǵƯƱǗǃ# ǰǯƺ ƱǨLJǺǮ# ǛǢDžƷ ǭǫ DƱǀ ǸǢH D/Ʊǜ Q QFƫǫ LJǮȥ NDžƷO AǶNJ id
dzǬǫ'
EHDžNJ *Ƕǯǫ' ǰǮ ǭǺǦ Oǹ F#ؽF# D/Ʊǝǫ'H 3H QDžǦǫ' dzǬǫ' Q DžǺNjǫ'
Q ǷǬǜ QFƱǢ (ƱǦǝǫ' ǰǮ
ǰǮ ǶƾDzDZ FƫƳ ƿǯNJ DƱǀ ǸǢ ƱǯǴƱǹƱǗǃ ƲƴNjƳ ƱǯǵǥLJǀ# dzDZQ ƫǫ ƱǯǵDzǮ 1džƸǝǹH )1ǶǯǜH
GdžǴ ƱDzƸǬǝǢ
Q ǭǩǫƱǝǢ# ǛǮ !ƱǯNjǫ'
ƵǮƱǥs dzǺǬǜ ǸǠƴDzǹ ƵǯǫƱǚǫ' Q Ƿǫ' DǶǃ QDžǫ' ǸǢ ǭǩǫ ƿǯNJ '0s ie
dzǫ'ǶǮ# I#1 Džǥ ƱǺDZƱDzǀ
Q K K
DžǺǨƫƸǫƱƳ ƵǺDZƱƺ ƵǐLJǢ ƱǯǵǁʹP DzǮH Q
N *Ƕǯǫ' ǰǮ )LJǺǣNJH ƱǺDZƱDzǀ
Q
ƿǺNjǯǫ' I#1 3LJǗƳ
FƱǩǯǫ' 'džǴ ǸǢ G/ƱǫH# 1ƱǮ/ ؋7Ƕǫ ـLJǹ N ǭǫ Ǹǵǫ' Ʊǹ if
ǧǬƷH ƵǯǹDžǦǫ' ƵǺǬǩǎǫ' Q Q
DžƯƱǦǝǫ' ǧǬƸƳ FǶǦǬǝƸǯǫ' ǭƸDZ# EǶǺǫ' ǭǩDzǺƳ ǰǮ FHLJǺƻǩǫ' ig
*ǶǺƳ IDžǀ' ǸǢ ǭǩƸDzƳs FHLJƷ Ʊǫ ǭǨ/ƱǫH# 1ƱǮ/H ƵƴǺƴǎǫ' Q -ǶDzƽO FHLJƷ Ʊǫ !ƱǺǍƫǫ'
K K
1ƱǯǦǫ' ƵǫHƱǖ ǷǬǜ ǰǨƱǮƫǫ' Džǀ# ǸǢ ƱNjǫƱƽ H# ƱDZ'LJǩNJ ǭǩDzƳs FHLJƷ Ʊǫ )1Ʊǜ QDžǫ'
ƱǵǺǫ' LJǚDzǹ FƱǨ ǰǺǀ 'DžƳ# K ƱǴLJǨ0 ǷǬǜ ǷƷƬǹ Ʊǫ ƵưǺǗDŽǫ'H ـǸǦNJ ƱǵǝǺǯƽ ƱǵDZQ ƫǫ ـih
L
DžǥH dzNjǣDZ LJǹ N ǭǫ ƿǬǮ K Q
M /Ƕǯǜ Ƿǫ' D QǶǁƸƷ ǧǬƷ ƵǢƱǨ *ƱǺǝǯƾǫ' Q ƵNjǺƯ1 dzƸƽH2 LJǹ N ǭǫ
Q K
dzDZQ ƫǫ dzǬǨ 'džǴ ǰǮ ƱưǺǍ LJǹ N ǭǫ ƱǮ FƱǩǮ ǸǢ )LJǺǠǐM ƵDzǹDžǮ
M K
GƱƾƷƱƳ ƱƳ1ƱǴ ƵƳǶƾǜƫƳ ǷƾDZ
P
dzǺDzǺǜ EƱǮ# G'LJǹ FƱǨ ƱǮ Ƿǫ' Ʊǫ' Q LJǚDzǹ ǰǩǹ ǭǫ
ǶǁDZ ǛǬǗƷH Q BǶǢ Ƿǫ' dzǺDzǺǜ ǛǢ1 dzDZQ ƫǫ ǸǦNjǫ' ȥ 61ƫǫ' ǘǀƱǬǹ ǭǫ ǭǺǴ'LJƳ' ǰǩǫH Q ii
DžǜH ILJǹH GLJǚDZ ǛǢLJǹ EǶǺǫ' ǸǦǺǦǁǫ' ǸǁǺNjǯǫ' QFs !ǸǍ ǪǨ +LJǹ AǶNJ dzDZƫǫDžǠǫ' Q Q
ǸǁǺNjǯǫ' ـ61ƫǫ' FǶƺLJǹ ǭǵDZQ ' !ǸǍ ǪǨ Q FǶƺLJǹ ǭǵDZQ ƫǫ !Ʊǜ/ǶǬǫ ǷƳǶǖ ـƿǺNjǯǫ'
Q
GLJǚDZ ǛǢ1 DžǦǫ !ƱǯNJƫǫ' ƵǢƱǨ dzǺǬǜ 'ǶǦǬǖ# ʹ 'džǴ ILJǹH GLJǚDZ ǛǢLJǹ FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ ǸǦǺǦǁǫ'
ǭǺǴ'LJƳ' ǪǝǢ FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ ـǧǫ ƱǵǬǨ Q ƱǵDZQ ' 61ƫǫ' ǸǢ LJƴ ʹǜ# ـdzǬǫ' Q DƱǥ ǧǫ0 ǪǝǢ ƱǮDžDzǜH
dzƳ Ǜ QƸǯƸǹ ǷNJǶǮ FƱǨ Jdžǫ'Q dzNjǣDZ FƱǯǹƱǫ' dzDZQ s'ؽdžǴ
DžǦǫ ـQFƫƳ' ؼLJƳs QFƫƳ *ƱǯǬǩǫ' 9H1# ǰǮ ƱǵDZQ ƫƳ DžǦƸǜ# ǸǬǹ ƱǮ ƲƸǨ ǰǺǦǬǝǯǫ' Q Džǀ# a``
ǸǢ ƱǮ #ǶNJ#H F'LjǺǯǫ' ǸƸǣǨ Q IDžǀs ǷǬǜ dzǝǓHH ǭǫƱǝǫ' ǸǢ ƱǮ ǪǔǢ# ǷNJǶǮ džǃ#
KƱDZ2H ǪǦƺ# ƵDZƱǹ QDžǫ' ǸǢ Jdžǫ'Q #ǶNJƫǫƱƳ '0'H ILJǃƫǫ' F'LjǺǯǫ' ƵǣǨ Q ǷǬǜ dzǝǓHH ƵDZƱǹ QDžǫ'
ـǭǫƱǝǫ' ǸǢ Jdžǫ'Q ǪǔǢƫǫ' ǰǮ
FǶƾǫƱǝǮـ ـFH/ QDžǎƸǮ* ـƱǺǯNj QƸǫ' Ƿ QƸǎƳ ƱDzƸ PǝDZO Ƕǫ ƱDzDZQ ƫǫ EǶǺǫ' DƱǁǫ' ǸǴ 'džǩǴH a`a
AǶNJ ƱDzǺǢ #ǶNJƫǫƱǢ ƱDzǺǬǜ dzDZǶǦǬP Ǘ Oǹ Jdžǫ'Q ǭNJƱǫ' FƱǨ ƱǯǵǮ H# ـFǶNjǯǁƸǮـ Q ـFǶǺǵǫs
Q
DžǺǨƫƷ ǪǩƳQ FƱǗǺǎǫ' Q dzǮ QDžǦǹ Jdžǫ'Q ǪǔǢƫǫ' ǰǮ LJƻǨ# OFLjP Nǹ
ae ǷNJǶ
N OǮ ʹFƱ NǯǹȡƱǫƱƳP
K
LJǺƳƱǝƸƳ ƱǦǀƱǫ K ƴN Njʹ OǮ ƿǺNjǯǫ' I#1 DžǦǫ ƿǺNjǯǫ' 1Ʊǜ ǷNJǶǮ ǰǯƺ
dzDzǜ + QDžǁƸǢ ƱǦ Q DžǦǫ a`b
ǤƴNJ DžǦǢ ǭǬǝǹ FƱǨ DžǦǫ ـǭʹ Oǩ Oǵǫ'ȡ (Ȧ LJǫ' N O ǦP ǺO NJN ǸǬP ʹƻǮP ƱǺȤ ƴP DZN FHLJƷ# ـƵ QǹǶǥH )ƱǀǶƸNjǮ
ȥ ǭO Oǩǫ ǭǺ
ǭǫƱǝǫ' ƼǴƱƴǮ ǰǮ ǭǚǜ# ǷDzǟ K G1Ʊǜ Ʋ N NjN ǀN Džǥ ǶǴH G"1 F# dzǫ
ǭǫƱǝǫ' ƵǺƳ0Ʊƽ
Q ǪǨ ǛǯǢ EǶǺǫ' ǧǫ/ ǪǝǢ ǛǺǗƸNjƷ Ʊǫ# ǸǁǺNjǯǫ' ǸǦǹDžǐ Ʊǹ a`c
ǸǫƱǁǫ' ƱǵǠǓH EǶǺǫ' ƵưǺNjǫ' ƵNjǺDzǩǫ' ƵǫƱǀH DžǜH Jdžǫ'Q ILJDZ FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ ƱDzDZQ ƱǢ dzƸƾǓH
Q
ǶǫH ǰǺǯNjǦǮ
Q ƱDzǨ ƱǯǵǮ ǭǩǫ dzǯǹDžǦƷ FƱǗǺ Q
ǎǫ' ǛǺǗƸNjǹ ƱǮ Q
ǪǨ ǰǮ LJƻǨ# FLjǹ dzǬǯƾǯƳ
AǶNjNǬǢ *ƱǺƴǑǝǫ'H
Q ǡƯ'ǶǗǫ'Q ǰǯǓ ǰǺǣǬƸDŽǮH ǰǺǩNƳLJʹ OǮ ƱDzǨ ǶǫH ǷƸǀ ǰǺǥLjȥ ǯǮ N ƱDzDZQ #
KƱǝǗǥ DžQǨƬǯǫ' ǰǮ dzǮ QDžǦǹ F# FƱǗǺǎǬǫ K ǪǦƺ# FǶǩǹ
Q ǰǩǯǹ !ǸǍ J# ǰǮ ƱDZ2H
ƱǮ ǪǯǝƳ
M EƱǺǦǫ' dzǺǬǜ FƱǩǢ LJǑǮ ǰƯ'Ljǃ ǰǮ ǭǚǜ# ǷDzǟ K ƿǺNjǯǫ' 1Ʊǜ ƲNjǀ DžǦǫ
a`d
H# GdžǴ ƵǝƯ'LJǫ'
Q ƵǺǨLJǺǮƫǫ'
Q )Džǁ QƸǯǫ' *ƱǹƱǫǶǫ' Ƶ Qǹ1Ƕǵǯƽ ljǺƯ1 FǶǨ# F# ǷǬǜ ǭǫƱǝǫ'
ǸǦǹLJǖ 1ƱƸǃ# AǶNJ dzDZHDžǹLJƷ LJǃ" Džǀ# J# Q H# ـFǶƳ *ƱƳ ـH' ـǸǬNjǹLJƳ ljǺǣǫ'ـ
J1ƱǮ ـƵǯƺQ Ƶǯƺȥ ǰǩ ȥ ƷN F# ǰǮ ƱǫDžƳ K ǤǹLJǗǫ' Q 'džǴ CǶǬNJ *ƱǺƸǣǫ' ǷǬǜ Ʋƾǹ a`h
ǰǹLJǦƸǁǯǫ' ǛǮ ǰǩǦǹLJǖ
Q N
FN LJʹ NƸǃs ƵDzƷƱǢ )K ƱƸǢ H# ƵǯǺǚǜ ƱǯDzǺNJ ƵǯƾDZ H# ـ/1ǶǣǩǺƳ
( QLJǫ' FǶǑDŽǹ
Q ǰǹdžǫ'Q ǪƯƱǬǦǫ'
F# ǷǬǜ /HDžǁǮƱǬǫ' ƿǺNjǯǫ' ǷDzǟ ǰǜ ǘǜ# LJƴDzǯǫ' ǷǬǜ Ʊǚǜ'H K FǶǨ# F# ǪǔǢ#Q a`i
ǛǔDZ ƱǯDzǺƳ ƱDzƷ'ǶǬǑǫ ǛǯƸNJs (LJǫ' Q Ʊǵǹ# 'džǵǫ ƲƾƸNJs )/ǶǜǶǯǫ' 61ƫǫ' ǧǬƷ FƱǺǝǬǫ
9ǶNjǹ (LJǫ' Q ǭNJƱƳ Fƪǫ' ǧǹDžǹ ǰǺƳ !ǸǍ ǪǨ
ƶǥH Fƪǫ' ƱǴ ƵǺDzǁDzǮ ƱDzNJH$1H !HDžǴH ƶǯǑƳ M ƵǯǺDZLJƸǫ' GdžǴ Fƪǫ' ǭDZQ LJDZ ƱDZǶǜ/ add
DžƴO ǝDZ ƱDZǶǜ/ ƶǯǑǫ'
Q ǷǬǜ 'ǶǚǢƱǀ )1/ƱǠǯǫ' EDžǜ ǭǩDzǮ Ƕƽ1#ƵǫƱNJLJǫ' Q ƶǵƸDZs)/Ʊƴǝǫ'
FƱǨ ƱǮ ǪǨ Q ǸǢ ǭƸǬǝǢ ƱǮ ǪǨ
Q ǸǢ Fƪǫ' 'HLJǩƸǢs ƿǁǑƷ Q ǸƸǫ'Q ǸǴ ƵǫƱNJLJǫ' QFs ade
K
ƱǮ ƲƴNjƳ ƱƴDZdžǮ *LJǐ N Džǥ EǶǺǫƱǢ EǶǺǫ' dzǺǬǜ ƶDZ# ƱǮ ǧǬǝƽ JdžǫƱƳH Q dzǬǝǢ Ʋƾǹ
ǧǺǬǜ ILJƷ# 'Džǟ K 1LJǁƸƷ
Q ƱǯǺǩǫ EǶǺǫ' ALJǑQ QƸǫ' ǰNjǀ# DžǠǫ' ǰǜ '0ƱǮ ljǮƫǫƱƳ dzƸǬǝǢ
P
Q Q
Fƪǫ' ǷǬDŽƷ# !ǸǍ ǪǨ ǰǜ Fƪǫ' ǷǬDŽƷ# AǶNJ FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ ـǧǫ0 ǪǝǣƷ ǡǺǨ 1ƱƸDŽƷ F#
K
ـCƱDzǴ Ƿǫ' ƱǮ ƱǮǶǹ ƲǴ0#H
CƱDzǴ DžǺǝƴǫ' !'1H ƱǮ ƵǜH1 ǸǢ
'ؼdžǴ ǸǢ ǸǦƸǬDZ AǶNJ
Q 'HDžƴǜ'Ȟ
Fƪǫ' ǭǩǀ'H1# ǸǢ (LJǫ'
CƱDzǴ DžǺǝƴǫ' !'1H ƱǮ ƵǜH1 ǸǢ
Q Q L N
ƱDzDZ# Ʊǫs ƵǺNJƱǥ ƵǬǀ1) LJN Ǧ NƸǁʹ Oǯǫ' ƵNjǺDzǩǫ' ǧǬƸƳ ǸǦƸǬDZ AǶNJ
K
ƱǮ ƱǮǶǹ ǸǦƸǬDZ AǶNJ
/' QǶƾǫ' JHƱǯNjǫ' Q ƱDzǺƳ# Ƿǫ'
ƿǺƳƱNjƸǫ'H ǭǹLJǩ QƸǫ' E QDžǦDzNJ
dzƴQ ǀO ƵƴǴ
P Ǫƽ# ǰǮ
ؼdzƳ Ǜ QƸǯƸǹ Jdžǫ'Q LJǺDŽǫ'H
1ƱǺƸǃƱǫƱƳ EǶǥ# FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ (LJǫ'
Q FǶǑDŽǹ Q ǰǹdžǫ'Q ǰǹLJǦƸǁǯǫ'
N Q ǛǮ
ƵǬǦǫ'
DžǺǝƴǫ' !'1H ƱǮؼD' ƵǜH1 ǸǢ ƵǜH1 ǸǢ
DžǺǝƴǫ' !'1H ƱǮ ǸǢ ƵǬǺǯƾǫ' Ƶǣǔǫ' Q ǧǬƷ DžDzǜ ǸǦƸǬDZ AǶNJ
DžǺǝƴǫ' !'1H ƱǮ ƵǜH1 ǸǢ ƵǜH1 ǸǢ
ƵǬǺǯƾǫ' Ƶǣǔǫ' Q ǧǬƷ DžDzǜ ǸǦƸǬDZ AǶNJ
ؼǪǯƽ# ǰǖH
L ǧǫƱDzǴ
)/Ʊƴǝǫ' ƶǥH dzDZ# ƲNjǀH
ʹ GDžƴǝDzǬǢ
G'1# F# ǛǺǗƸNJ# FƱǯǹƱǫ'ؼ
1ƱǺƸǃƱǫƱƳ EǶǥ# FƱǯǹƱǫƱƳ
ؼLJǚƸDzǹ (ƪǫ' G"
.ƫǫ' ,1Ƕƽ .ƫǫ' CƱDzǴ ǰǹ/ǶƽǶǮ (LJǫ'
Q FǶǑDŽǹ
Q ǰǹdžǫ'Q ǛǺǯƽ I1# ǸDZQ ' adf
Q *1'ǶǺƸNJ
ǰǺNjǹDžǦǫ' ƵǢƱǨ
JDžǺNJ K
Q ǭǝDZ CƱDzǴ ƱDzǩNjǮ ƱDzǫؼ
ؼƵǜH1 ǸǢ
ba ǷNJǶ
N OǮ ʹFƱ NǯǹȡƱǫƱƳP
Ƿǫ' 'HLJƴǜ ǰǹdžǫ'Q ǰǺNjǹ QDžǦǫ' ǷǮ'DžǦǫ' !ƱǥDžǐƫǫ' ǛǺǯƽ 1'H/' /1HƱǴ ƱǴDžǫ'H adg
ǪǹǶǖ FƱǮ2
M džDzǮCƱDzǴ
DžǺǝƴǫ' !'1H ƱǮ DžǺǝƴǫ' !'1H ƱǮ (1 Ʊǹ ǭǝDZ ƵǜH1 ǸǢ
Q ǧǬƷ DžDzǜ ǸǦƸǬDZ AǶNJ
ƵǬǺǯƾǫ' Ƶǣǔǫ'
Ǹǵǫ' Ʊǹ G"ؼǸǯƾǫ' Ƶǣǔǫ' Q ǧǬƷ DžDzǜ ǭDZQ LJDZ AǶNJ
Q K
dzǬǫ 'DžƾǮ ƵǯǺǃLJǫ'
Q ǰǺƳ QǶǗǯǫ' ǭǺDZ'LJƷ
Fƪǫ' DžǝƳ FLjǁDZ ǰǫؼ
C'0 Ƶǀ'LJǫ'Q FƱǩǮ *ƱǨLJƳ IǶNJ *' QDžǵDzƷ Ʊǫ
DžǺǝƴǫ' !'1H ƱǮؼƲǫ' !'1H ƱǮ ƵǜH1 ƵǜH1 ǸǢ
ك Q ǧǬƷ DžDzǜ ǸǦƸǬDZ AǶNJ
ؼǸǯƾǫ' Ƶǣǔǫ'
ؕؐבדטביז ǷNJǶ
N OǮ FƱ
ͫ NǯǹƱȫ ǫƱƳP
ظ؉زؤزخؐ רاسبؠ
ǸǢ EƱǵDZ'LJƳ ƵǯǺǃ ǸǢ ñieh 2ǶǯƷ ò` Džǀƫǫ' EǶǹ -Ʊƴǐ )1/ƱǑǫ' Q GdžǴ ƵǺǬǐƫǫ'
Q EƱǵDZ'LJƳ FǶǹ1ƱǮ EƱǺǫH .ƫǫ' ƵǫƱNJ1 QF%
ǕDzǠǯǯǫ' ǪǺƾNjƸǫ' ǕǹLJǍ ǰǮ ƵǺǴƱDzƸǮ ƵǥDžƳH ƱǺǢLJǀ
Ȥ ƶNǬ PǦDZO Džǥ ƵǺǩǹLJǺǮƫǫ' )DžǁƸǯǫ' *ƱǹƱǫǶǫ' ƱDZƱǹDžDZ% ǪǺǣDZǶNJLJǣǺƽ
Q *Ƕǐ *ƱǬǺƾNjƷ Ǫƴǥ ǰǮ ƶǜ2HH
dzǬǫ' ȧ ƶǝƴǖ Džǥ ƵǺƳLJǝǫ' ƵǯƽLJƸǫ' GdžǴ ƵǺƳLJǝǫ' Q Q ƶ NǝƴP ǖH
ƵǠǬǫƱƳ O
"3"#*$