NAME STRUCTURE FUNCTION

NUCLEUS -Nuclear envelope (inner+outer -To separate inner/outer parts of cell

(SPHERICAL, 10-20UM membranes - phosholipids) -Molecule exchange
DIAMETER NORMALLY) -Nuclear pores -DNA + proteins
-Chromatin -Suspension, transport
-Nucleoplasm -Produces ribosomes
-Nucleolus
MITOCHONDRION (1- -Outer membrane -Entry/exit
10UM LENGTH) -Inner membrane (-folded to form: ) -Contains protein, lipids, DNA ->
-Crista (cristae) (-give large surface area makes up remainder
for enzymes in respiration) - Produces energy carrier molecule
-Matrix (-contains some needed ATP (from carbs)
enzymes)
GOLGI COMPLEX -Golgi apparatus -Form lysosomes, secrete
(SIMILAR TO SER) -Stack of membranes – make up carbohydrates (eg in cell walls),
flattened sacs vesicles produce secretory enzymes
-Vesicles – small, round, hollow -‘Labels’ proteins+lipids ->
transported by vesicles (pinched off
ends of cisternae)
LYSOSOMES/ -Specialised vesicles ^ -Isolate harmful enzymes
PHAGOSOMES -Enzymes (proteases, lypases, -Break down inside phagocytes
(1UM DIAMETER) lysozymes) -Digest worn-out/dead cells
-Found in secretory (epithelial) + -Work with autophagosomes
phagocytic cells (collectors), break down -> release
-Spherical sacs (single membrane) amino acids
-Acidic in comparison to cytoplasm
RIBOSOMES -Large subunit and small subunit -Work with mRNA (during translation)
- Ribosomal proteins and ribosomal to create specific sequence of amino
RNA (rRNA) acids – proteins. (Protein synthesis)
CHLOROPLASTS -Double membrane encasing -Used for photosynthesis
-Stroma (– gel-like insides) -Light dependant – Thylakoid
-Thylakoid (-fluid filled sacks) -Light independent - Stroma
-Granum (grana) (-stacked thylakoids)
-Lemella (lamellae) (-thylakoid
membranes that link grana)
VACUOLES -Tonoplast (single membrane) -Support – makes cells turgid
-Cell sap (solution of mineral salts, -Temporary food store
sugars, amino acids, waste & -Pigments may colour petals = attract
sometimes pigments.) insects
CELL WALL -Plants/algae = cellulose -Maintain cell shape – support
-Fungi - chitin -Protection from pathogens
ROUGH -Channel-like structures (cisternae) + -Works with ribosomes to make 3D
ENDOPLASMIC fluid proteins + transport
-Ribosomes on outer surface (large
RETICULUM surface area = lots of protein synthesis)
SMOOTH -Similar to ^, but no ribosomes -Storing, synthesizing, processing
ENDOPLASMIC lipids, phospholipids and cholesterol
RETICULUM