DCB30082

ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

TOPIC 5
TELECOMMUNICATION
SYSTEMS
BY: PN. NUR ASHIKIN BINT I LAKMAN
 5.1 Explain the principle of telecommunication

5.2 Explain the telephone installation 3 category

5.3 Explain master antenna television (MATV) for large

building

LEARNING
OUTCOMES

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PRINCIPLE OF
TELECOMMUNICATION

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 sound signal humaan voice

sender

sanding,receiving and processing of information between 2 or more device

COMMUNICATION
Process of sending the information between two or more
locations through transmission medium.
melalui media penghantaran

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 distance,far-off

TELECOMMUNICATION

Electronic transmission
of information over
distances. jarak jauh

data
text
image
vide etc...

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 Smoke signals Flag signals Coded drum beats
EARLY
TELECOMMUNICATION

In earlier times,
telecommunications involved
the use of visual signals or
audio signals such as; Lung-blown horns Visual telegraphy (or
Semaphore in 1792)

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 MODERN TELECOMMUNICATION

In the modern age of electricity and electronics,

telecommunications has typically involved;

Microwave Communication –
Telegraph, Telephone, Radio, TV
Satellite, Radar, Cellular

Data Communication –Internet,

Fiber Optic Communication.
Computer communication

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 process

1. Information Source
sumber maklumat
2. Transmitter
penghantar
3. Transmission Medium/
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM MODEL Channel
media penghantar
4. Receiver
penerima
5. Destination
The basic elements of a communication
system are:

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 sound signal connect into another form of signal
device which connect the signal into form that is electrical signal can
suitable for transmission medium travel large distance

original source
that generate
the information to transfer the signal form transmitter
need to be transfer to receive
to receiver device that receiver the signal from
1.data the
2.text
3. image
4. video etc. Basic block diagram of
COMMUNICATION an electronic
communication
SYSTEM MODEL system.
 o INFORMATION SOURCE
The original source that generate the information (audio, text, image or video)
that need to be transferred to Receiver.
The information that have been generated by source could be an analog form (human voice,
audio) or digital form (binary coded numbers, alphanumeric codes).
Examples: people, computer, hand phone, electronic devices.
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 o TRANSMITTER
A collection of one or more electronic devices or circuits that converts the original
source information to a form more suitable for transmission over a particular
transmission medium.

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 o TRANSMISSION MEDIUM / CHANNEL
Transmission Medium or Communication Channel is a media/link/path that capable to transfer
the electronic signal from Transmitter to receiver.
Examples: twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, waveguide, free space, etc.

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 o SYSTEM NOISE
Noise is any unwanted electrical signals that interfere with the information signal.
Examples: atmospheric noise, thermal noise, man-made noise, internal noise etc.

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 o RECEIVER
A collection of one or more electronic devices or circuits that accept the transmitted
signals from the transmission medium and then convert back to their original
information form.

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 o DESTINATION
Anything that receive the transmitted information and capable to store them.
Examples: people, computer, hand phone, electronic devices.

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human voice / voice signal image / video etc.

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 TRANSMISSION MODE
The term transmission mode defines the direction of
the flow of information between two communication
devices.

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TYPES OF TRANSMISSION MODE illustrate : example & diagram

Transmission
Mode

Simplex Half-duplex Full-duplex

 Simplex penghantar penerima

§ Simplex is the data

transmission mode in which
the data can flow only in one
direction, i.e., the
communication is
unidirectional.
§ In this mode, a sender can
only send data but can not
receive it.
§ Similarly, a receiver can only
receive data but can not send
it. § Example, Radio and TV transmission,
keyboard, mouse, etc.
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 Half-Duplex

§ Half-Duplex is the data

transmission mode in which
the data can flow in
both directions but in one
direction at a time.
cannot transmit or
§ In other words, each station receive at the same time
can both transmit and receive
the data but not at the same
time.
§ When one device is sending
the other can only receive and
vice-versa. § Example, Walkie-Talkie, etc.

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 Full-Duplex

§ Full-Duplex is the data

transmission mode in which
the data can flow in
both directions at the same
time.

§ It is bi-directional in nature. data can flow at the same time

§ It is two-way communication in
which both the stations can
transmit and receive the
data simultaneously.
serentak § Example, Telephone Network

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TELEPHONE
INSTALLATION

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Underground and Overhead Telephone Cables

Unlike other services such as

Each telephone requires a pair of
water, gas and electricity,
wires connecting it to the
telephones cannot be connected
telephone exchange.
to a common mains supply.

The external supply service and

connection to the lead-in socket Internal extensions can be
is carried out by kotak panduan masuk installed by the site electrician.
telecommunication engineers.

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Underground Supply Cable

Underground supply
cables must be installed
when the building is
constructed.

They are hidden and

therefore have little or no
effect on the surrounding
environment.

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Overhead Supply Cable

Overhead supply cables are

smaller and cheaper than
underground supply cables.

Convenient but obtrusive.

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Telephone Installation for
Large Building

Distribution cables are

suitable sizes are taken from
a main distribution frame in
the basement to the various
floors.

To conceal these cables it is

necessary to provide one or
more vertical ducts which
rise from the basement to the
top of the building.
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Telephone Installation for
Large Building

To obtain the maximum

benefit from the distribution
system, each vertical duct
should be placed centrally
with respect to the
distribution area which it is
to serve.

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 rumah kediaman @ banglo

sisi ibu sawat

cat 1&2
exchange cabinet sdf room premis

cat 3
exchange cabinet DP premise

TELEPHONE INSTALLATION; category 1, 2 & 3

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PABX
§ Private Automatic Branch Exchange is a telephone system.

§ It enables organizations to provide single access number for calls.

§ It is designed to handle lines especially in large building such as the Category 1 building.
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MATV

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It is the means by which many apartment
houses, hotels, schools, and other multi-unit
buildings distribute TV and FM signals to a
number of receivers.

In order to accomplish this without a loss of

signal quality, these systems must be carefully
planned and engineered through the effective
use of MATV equipment and techniques.

MATV stands for

Master 34

Antenna Television.
MATV
 MATV systems are
separated into two parts,
the ‘Head End’ and the
‘Distribution System’.

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Head End & Distribution System

The Head End of a MATV system usually consists of an antenna which receives
broadcast signals, processing equipment to filter the signals and a distribution
amplifier to amplify the signals to compensate for distribution losses. Antennas,
amplifiers, taps, filters and attenuators are used in this part of the system.

To guarantee a good signal at every TV receiver connected to the system, the

MATV distribution system must be well designed. Splitters and taps are used in
the distribution system to provide a predetermined signal level and to maintain
the correct impedance to each of the outputs.

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TV antennas on the rooftop of a block of flats in Malacca

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