Chapter 1.

KINDS OF MICROORGANISM AND THEIR GENERAL PROPERTIES (Week 3)

Prokaryotic VS Eukaryotic cells

- Prokaryotic : cell that have no nucleus or other membrane bound organelles

- Organells: Double layered
- Kingdom Archaebacteria: Lack peptidoglycan
- Kingdom Eubacteria: Peptidoglycan cell walls.

SHAPES:

- Bacilli: ROD LIKE. (SING.BACILUS)

- Cocci

EUKARYOTIC CELLS NUCLEUS

- Opposite
- Have nucleus and membrane and bound organelles

DIVERSITY OF MICROORGANISM

1. BACTERIA : (Sing.Bacterium)
- Small single cells (unicellular) organism
- Divide by binary fission (not mitosis)
- SOURCE OF NUTRIENTS VARIES:
HETETROTROPHS: Consume organic chemical

- Autotrophs: Make their own food

- Motility: Many can swim
- Cilia: small hair like structures
- Flagella: Large whip like structures
- Distinguish between motility and BROWNIAN MOTION

PROCARYOTES: Organism that lack the following structures”:

- Nuclear membrane around DNA

- Membrane bound organelles
 Mitochondria
 Chloroplast
 Golgi apparatus
 ER, LYSOSOMES
FUNGI: (Sing fungus)

- Eukaryotes “ True nucleus”

 DNA is surrounded by nuclear membrane
 Cells have MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELSS: Mitochondria, ER, Etc.
 Cells are larger than those of procaryotes
- SOURCE OF NUTRIETS VARIES:
 Saprotrophs: Decomposers that fees on dead and decaying matter
 PARACITES: Obtain nourishment by parasitizing live animals and plants.
 Cell wall made by chitin
 May reproduce sexually or asexually

PROTOZOA ( Sing.Protozoan) “ eukaryotic”

- Some are colonial

- Eukaryotes “True nucleus”
- DNA is surrounded by nuclear membrane
- Cells are larger than those of procaryotes
 UNICELLULAR
 KINGDOM PROTISTA
 SEXUAL OR ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
- FLAGELLA : LONG WHIPN LIKE APPENDAGES
EX: TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS, CAUSES TRICHOMONIASIS, Asexually transmitted
disease
- CILIA: Small hair like appendages
- NONMOTILE: do not move in their mature forms
Example: Plasmodium

ALGAE (Sing.Alga)

- Eukaryotes “True nucleus”

- Photosynthetic: Important part of food chain because it can produce

VIRUSES: “Not organism”

- Acellular infectious agents not considered living because they lack cells.
- OBLIGATE INTACELLULAR PARASITES:

Mulcellular Animal Parasites:

- Eukaryotes “True nucleus”

- Multicellular animals usually are visible to our naked eye
- Microscopic during some stages of life cycle
- Spend part of all of their lives inside an animal host
HELMINTHS
- FLATWORM (Platyhelminths) E.G TAPEWORM
- ROUNDWORMS (NEMATODES) E.G ASCARIS, PINWORM