JEMIMA KESIA APALLA

BSED 3A
MICROBIAL WORLD
Assignment
Compare and contrast the following groups of microbes by filling in the table below. (30 pts.) 
Archaebacteria/   Molds/Yeasts  Protozoa  Microscopic Algae  Viruses
Eubacteria

1. Cellular   Archaea Yeast- are Protozoa- are Algal cells Since viruses are a
Organization -are prokaryotes, which single-celled fungi. unicellular eukaryote -are eukaryotic and cellular- they
means that the cells Mold-is a s. contain three types of contain no cellular
don't have a nucleus or multicellular fungus. double-membrane- organelles, cannot
other membrane-bound It consists of bound organelles: the grow and divide, and
organelles in their cells. filaments called nucleus, the carry out no
Eubacteria-are hyphae that can chloroplast, and the independent
enclosed by a cell wall. bunch together into mitochondrion metabolism - they
The wall is made of structures called are considered
cross-linked chains of mycelia. neither prokaryotic
peptidoglycan, a nor eukaryotic. 
polymer that combines
both amino acid and
sugar chains.

2. Basic Morphology Archaea -can Molds Protozoans-are Microalgae or Viruses-come in

be spherical, rod, spiral, -are multinucleated, single-celled microphytes-are many shapes and
lobed, rectangular or filamentous fungi eukaryotes. The microscopic algae sizes, but these are
irregular in shape. composed of basic body invisible to the naked consistent and
The Eubacteria- are all hyphae. organization of eye. They are distinct for each viral
easily stained, rod- Yeasts-are protozoans consists phytoplankton family. In general, the
shaped or spherical classified as fungi of an external typically found in shapes of viruses are
bacteria. whose primary plasma membrane freshwater and classified into four
 morphological form which encloses the marine systems, groups: filamentous,
is a unicellular cell cytoplasm and living in both the isometric (or
form that divides by nucleus. water column and icosahedral),
budding or fission. sediment. They are enveloped, and head
unicellular species and tail. Filamentous
which exist viruses are long and
individually, or in cylindrical.
chains or groups.

3. Distinguishing   Archaea-are Molds-consist Protozoa-are unicell The algal cell. Algal Viruses-are much
Cellular   prokaryotes, which of long, branching ular eukaryotic cells-are eukaryotic smaller than bacteria
Features/Structures means that the cells filaments of cells microorganisms and contain three and consist of
don't have a nucleus or called hyphae lacking a cell types of double- a single- or double-
other membrane-bound (singular, hypha). A wall and belonging membrane-bound stranded nucleic acid
organelles in their cells. tangled mass of to the Kingdom organelles: the (DNA or RNA)
Eubacteria or “true” hyphae visible to Protista. Protozoa nucleus, the surrounded by a
bacteria- are the unaided eye is reproduce asexually chloroplast, and the protein shell called a
unicellular, prokaryotic a mycelium (plural, by fission, mitochondrion. In capsid; some viruses
organisms. It has a mycelia). schizogony, or most algal cells there also have an outer
lipid-containing cell Yeast-contains budding. Some is only a single envelope composed
membrane made from almost the same protozoa can also nucleus, although of lipids and proteins.
glycerol ester lipids. organelles of a reproduce sexually. some cells are They vary in shape.
They are characterized mature eukaryotic Relatively few multinucleate. The two main
by a lack of a nuclear cell. Nucleus, Golgi protozoa cause classes are RNA
membrane, a single apparatus, disease. viruses and DNA
circular chromosome, mitochondria, viruses.
and cell walls made of endoplasmic
peptidoglycan. reticulum, vacuole,
and
cytoskeleton are
the most important
one. 
4. Mode of   Archaea-has no cell Molds-reproduce Protozoa Algae -are Viruses-has two
Reproduction nucleus, archaea do not by producing large -reproduce asexuall regenerate by sexual processes used by
reproduce via mitosis; numbers of small y by cell division reproduction, viruses to
rather, they procreate spores, which may producing two equal involving male and replicate: the lytic
using a process contain a single or sometimes female gametes (sex cycle and lysogenic
called binary fission. In nucleus or be unequal cells. The cells), by asexual cycle. Some viruses
this binary fission multinucleate. Mold cell division in reproduction, or by reproduce using both
process, archaeal DNA spores can certain protozoa is both ways. ... Many methods, while
replicates, and the two be asexual (the longitudinal, while in small algae others only use the
strands are pulled apart products of mitosis) others transverse. In reproduce asexually lytic cycle. In the lytic
as the cell grows. or sexual (the some protozoa by ordinary cell cycle, the virus
Eubacteria-are products of multiple fission or division or by attaches to the host
reproduced asexually b meiosis); many schizogamy is fragmentation, cell and injects its
y the methods of binary species can known to occur. whereas larger algae DNA.
fission, fragmentation, produce both types. Many protozoa also reproduce by spores.
budding, conodia Yeast-is asexual reproduce asexually
formation, endospore reproduction by by budding.
formation etc. budding, where a
small bud (also
known as a bleb or
daughter cell) is
formed on the
parent cell. The
nucleus of the
parent cell splits
into a daughter
nucleus and
migrates into the
daughter cell.

5. Roles in Nature/  Archaea-can also Molds-cause Protozoa-play Microalgae- is Viruses

Industry/etc generate energy biodegradation of important roles capable of -are important
differently and have natural materials, in environmental performing microbial
unique ecological roles which can be food web dynamics. photosynthesis, are predators that
to play, such as being unwanted when it They graze on important for life on influence global
responsible for becomes food bacteria thus earth; they produce biogeochemical
producing biological spoilage or damage regulating bacterial approximately half of cycles and drive
methane—something to property. They populations, they the atmospheric microbial evolu- tion,
no eukaryotes or also play important part-take in oxygen and use although their impact
bacteria can do. roles in wastewater simultaneously the is often under
Archaea are famous for biotechnology and treatment greenhouse gas appreciated. Viruses
their love of living in food science in the processes, they carbon dioxide to reproduce after
extreme environments. production of maintain fertility in grow attaching and
Eubacteria-are used in various pigments, soil by releasing photoautotrophically. transferring their
the manufacture of foods, beverages, nutrients when they The biodiversity of genetic material into
cheese, curd, yogurt, antibiotics, digest bacteria. microalgae is a host cell.
soy sauce, vinegar and pharmaceuticals enormous and they
wine and for pickling. and enzymes. represent an almost
Eubacteria in the Yeast-is one of the untapped resource.
human guts play simplest eukaryotic
important role in organisms but
digestion of food and many essential
synthesis of vitamin K. cellular processes
They also protect are the same in
human body from yeast and humans.
harmful bacteria. It is therefore an
important organism
to study to
understand basic
molecular
processes in
humans. 
 6. Representative   There are three There are Commonly Algae, singular I: dsDNA
organisms major known groups thousands of known protozoans  alga, members of a viruses (e.g.
of Archaebacteria:  known species of include representat group of Adenoviruses,
methanogens, molds, which have ive- predominantly Herpesviruses,
halophiles, and diverse life-styles dinoflagellates, aquatic Poxviruses)
thermophiles.  including saprotrop amoebas, photosynthetic II: ssDNA
Eubacteria-can be hs, mesophiles, paramecia, and the organisms of viruses (+ strand or
either gram-negative or psychrophiles and malaria-causing the kingdom "sense") DNA (e.g.
gram-positive, they thermophiles, and a Plasmodium. Protista.  Parvoviruses)
have economic, very few
agricultural, and opportunistic III: dsRNA
medical importance. pathogens of viruses (e.g.
They include E. coli, humans. Reoviruses)
Lactobacilli, and Yeasts-are IV: (+)ssRNA
Azospirillum. eukaryotic, single- viruses (+ strand or
celled sense) RNA (e.g.
microorganisms Coronaviruses,
classified as Picornaviruses,
members of the Togaviruses)
fungus kingdom.

Prepared by: CATHERINE C. MUJER 

 Instructor