MAKARIOS CHRISTIAN SCHOOL

SMA MAKARIOS

Respiratory Data Sampling for

Ngaduman Village Community In Salatiga

INTERDISCIPLINARY PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Completion of The 12th
Grade in Senior High School

Andrew NISN : 0052672483

Levy NISN : 0051945120
Lady NISN : 0053704710

SENIOR HIGH DEPARTMENT

SECONDARY LEVEL
MAKARIOS CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
2022

1
 LEMBAR IDENTITAS
KARYA TULIS ILMIAH & PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT
BIDANG INTERDISIPLIN ILMU
TAHUN AKADEMIK 2022/2023

Judul Karya Tulis : Respiratory Data Sampling for Ngaduman

Village Community In Salatiga

Bidang Ilmu : Interdisiplin (English, Biology, PE)

Anggota : Levy penders Andrew Robert Lady Jane

Lokasi : Desa Ngaduman, Salatiga

Nama Sekolah : SMA MAKARIOS

NPSN : 69993191

Alamat : Jl. Raya Kembangan Baru No. 1

Kode Pos : 11610

Desa / Kelurahan : Kembangan Selatan

Kecamatan / Kota : Kec. Kembangan

Kab. / Kota : Kota Jakarta Barat

Provinsi : DKI Jakarta

Status Sekolah : Swasta

Waktu Penyelengaraan : 5 / Sehari Penuh hari

Jenjang Pendidikan : Sekolah Menengah Atas

1
 FORM OF PROPOSAL APPROVAL

Proposal Title:
Respiratory Data Sampling for Ngaduman Village Community In Salatiga

By:

Andrew NISN : 0052672483

Levy NISN : 0051945120
Lady NISN : 0053704710

Advisors:

Andreas Tano, S.S., M.Pd Daru Rajindra, S.Or., M.Pd Jeremia

Masela, S.Pd
English Teacher P. E Teacher Biology Teacher

Approved By:

Head of Senior High School Vice Principal of Curriculum

Junita Elfrida, M.Pd Brenda Christy, S.Pd

2
 FORM OF APPROVAL

This paper was submitted on …, …, ….

Examiner Team Signature

English Teacher : Andreas Tano, S.S., M.Pd

P.E Teacher : Daru Rajindra, S.Or., M.Pd

Biology Teacher : Jeremia Masela, S.Pd

Approved by

Head of Senior High School Vice Principal of Curriculum

Junita Elfrida, M.Pd Brenda Christy, S.Pd

3
 FORM OF FREE PLAGIARISM STATEMENT

The undersigned name below:

Name : Levy, Andrew, Lady

NISN : 0051945120, 0052672483, 0053704710

Department : Senior High School

With this, we declare that the paper with the title, “Respiratory Data Sampling for

Ngaduman Village Community In Salatiga” and all of its contents are genuinely

our work. we do not plagiarize or quote in ways that aren’t under the ethics of science

applicable in scientific societies and shall be accurately referenced. For this

statement, we are ready to revise this paper, if there is found a violation of scientific

ethics or a claim from another party for the authenticity of our work in accordance

with the law of the Republic of Indonesia number 20 of 2003 concerning the National

Education System Chapter VI Article 25 Paragraph 2 and Chapter XX Article 70.

Thus we make this statement to be used as needed.

Jakarta, ../…………/…..

Materai Rp.

6.000,-

Group Leader

4
 PREFACE

This paper is intended to enhance as well as to share the knowledge of

interdisciplinary studies of English, Biology, and Physical Education with the

students of Senior High, Makarios Christian School. The conducted paper was

analyzed using the qualitative method in which the analysis was deciphered by

comparing and contrasting the data & the techniques of comparing & contrasting. The

paper entitled, “Respiratory Data Sampling for Ngaduman Village Community

In Salatiga” shows ( a brief result of the study).

5
 ABSTRACT

A. Andrew, Levy, Lady. NISN: 0052672483, 0051945120, 0053704710

B. (Respiratory Data Sampling for Ngaduman Village Community In

Salatiga). Paper: Jakarta: Secondary Level: Senior High School: Makarios
Senior High School.

C. xiv + 4 Chapters, … pages

D. Keyword: (keywords) All In English

E. This Study aims at showing the connection between the Mission Trip and the
conducted activities from the collaboration project by doing research on the data
and making the interdisciplinary paper
F. References: Wikipedia And Articles

G. Advisors:
1. Andreas Tano, S.S., M.Pd
2. Daru Rajindra, S.Or., M.Pd
3. Jeremia Masela, S.Pd
4. Robby Kusnadi S. P

6
 MOTTO

“For I know the thoughts that I think toward you, saith the Lord, thoughts of
peace, and not of evil, to give you an expected end” Jeremiah 29:11 (KJV).

"The School Where the Head, Heart, and Hands of Every Student is Molded
into God's Character"

“I dedicate this thesis to my beloved Father and Mother.

Your sacrifice will be remembered for all time.”

7
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We, writers, give thanks for the presence of the mighty God, Jesus Christ the

Lord, who has bestowed his mercy and grace on us writers so that finally, we, writers,

could finish this paper on time.

The paper entitled, “Respiratory Data Sampling for Ngaduman Village

Community In Salatiga” was written to meet one of the requirements for the

completion of the 12th Grade at Makarios Senior High School. On this excellent

opportunity, allow us, writers, to convey respect and gratitude to all those who

sincerely provided assistance and encouragement to us in completing this paper,

especially to:

1. Dewi Tjin, S.Pd as Director of Makarios Christian School.

2. Junita Elfrida, M.Pd as Principal of Makarios Senior High School.

3. Brenda Christy, S.Pd as Vice Principal of Curriculum of Makarios Senior

High School.

4. Ms Echa as Vice Principal of Student Affairs of Makarios Senior High School

5. Andreas Tano, S.S., M.Pd as English Teacher of Makarios Senior High

School.

6. Daru Rajindra, S.Or., M.Pd as Physical Education Teacher of Makarios

Senior High School.

7. Jeremia Masela, S.Pd as Biology Teacher of Makarios Senior High School.

8
 8. Senior High Teachers of Makarios Senior High School.

9. Our beloved fathers and mothers who have raised and guided us until today.

We writers realize that this paper is still lacking in terms of form, content, and

presentation techniques. Therefore, constructive criticism and suggestions from

various parties will be accepted with open arms and are highly expected. We hope the

presence of this paper meets its goals.

Jakarta, …, …, …

Group Leader

9
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

FORM OF APPROVAL 2

FORM OF FREE PLAGIARISM STATEMENT 3

PREFACE 4

ABSTRACT 5

MOTTO 6

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 7

TABLE OF CONTENTS 8

CHAPTER I STUDY BACKGROUND 15

A. Introduction 15

B. Identification of the Problem 18

C. Purpose of the Study 18

D. Focus of the Study 19

G. Research Methodology 21

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW AND FRAMEWORK OF

THINKING

A. Theories Of Scientific Researchers 18

a. Bleep Test

b. Lung Volume According To S. FreedMan

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 B. Terms 20

a. The Total Lung Capacity

b. The Vital Capacity

c. The Function Residual Capacity

CHAPTER III Study METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 176

A. Conclusion 176

B. Suggestions 179

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIOGRAPHY

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 CHAPTER I

BACKGROUND

a. Introduction

The word mission trip comes from the mid-17th century: from modern

Latin missionarius, from Latin missio, meaning “act of sending” or mittere,

meaning “to send”. The word was used in light of its biblical usage, in the

Latin translation of the Bible, Christ uses the word when sending the disciples

to preach in his name. Well, we think that mission trip is more of a religious,

mostly Christian type of trip. It was first also found in the bible as Jesus’s

disciple Peter preaches to a Gentile audience in the house of Cornelius in

Caesarea Maritima, Mark goes to Alexandria in Egypt and Paul who is

formerly known as Saul of Tarsus begins his first missionary journey to

Western Anatolia, part of modern-day Turkey. In the early years of

Christianity, the gospel arrived in just about every European country, however

it was often only taught to members of the aristocracy and royalty. Christian

missionaries delivered the Good News to Asia, Africa, and Great Britain. As

we learn more about mission trips, it gets more interesting, only people with

high priority can do mission trips. It’s similar to what we learn in history as in

most countries, only people with high authority can deliver these messages.

But as humans, technology, and just generally everything advances, mission

trips change from the way they used to be, mission trips begin to merge with

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exploration of new countries and continents. We could also look at this

passage of history as the beginnings of domestic mission trips, where people

shared Christ’s message while establishing and building communities,

economies and cities. Now in modern times, mission trips have come to

represent a way to express Christ’s love for all people. In the bible verse

Matthew 25:40. Jesus says, “Truly I tell you, whatever you did for one of the

least of these brothers and sisters of mine, you did for Me.” For this reason,

the conducted mission trip is necessary to be made paper for the purpose

of sharing the knowledge with the other students who will do similar

study.

It is fascinating how mission trips in general evolved from the past

until modern times. As in the past, only people with high authority can do

mission trips. As in the past there is more discrimination than today, while we

can still find discrimination these days, we think its more sever back then. But

now humans have evolved physically, mentally, and spiritually. As modern

time comes, people become more aware of their surroundings, they start to

help people, and their hearts start to change. Now in the modern times,

mission trips have changed, we all need to care for each other, and we start to

consider our life to be meaningful to be more helpful towards each other.

But why even make the trip? Maybe, for some people like us we are

living our life, could go to school, can eat well, but that’s just for most of us.

Not everyone in the world can live as well or as luxurious as we do. We

13
would be wondering what is the meaning of life? The people who live in a

good environment happily, and live well would probably have a point in life

but most people would think “What is my meaning in life? My life is so

meaningless” People who live in rather poor environments have gone through

a lot to counter through their difficulties, as what would be the point in life if

in the end? Wouldn’t we all just die? But that is the point of the mission trip,

to help people in need, something that makes them happy, something to hang

on their lives to. But the point of mission trips is of course to help each other,

it also helps us in a way, you build relationships with new people, and you

grow closer to God and others. As we go on the mission trip we can grow

more as a community together, it evolves us, and it makes us realize how

important living is, not only living for fun but living in the right way by

following God’s way. We hope that this mission will be helpful to us and

others and more to come, and hope we can motivate everyone and change

them, and find our meaning in this mission trip.

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A. Identification of the Problem

This study is intended to fulfill the curiosity of the readers or students

regarding the statements of the problem by analyzing the significant statements;

at this point, from the mission trip itself. Identification of the problem identifies

the issue or the problem in the mission trip. Thus, it is necessary to write a list of

the problems to support the analysis of the study. Therefore, it is appointed:

1. How are heart impulses counted?

2. How is lung capacity measured?

3. How do activities relate to the increasing impulses of the heart?

B. Purpose of the Study

By analyzing the mission trip that we are going to, the results of this

research are theoretically and practically expected to give a contribution to

educational institutions, students as well as researchers. Therefore, the expected

contributions are :

1. To Learn and research data regarding the participant's Lungs Capacity And

the impact of it on our lives.

2. Learn How To Count And What Our Lungs Capacity Might Do To Our

Condition and what can we do to Maximize it

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3. To Recognize our own Capacity And Our Heart Rate

4. To Learn Our Heart Capacity using the bleep test

C. Focus of the Study

This study is interdisciplinary: Biology, Physical Education and

English; however it is just limited to this field of biology. Upon the study, the

variables are limited to analyzing what the point of the mission trip is and how

it can help us and other people in general. We would be interviewing people

on the mission trip and from there we would analyze the answers and do our

own Study. Research is also limited to asking the people related to the mission

trip, people on the mission trip and not other people outside of the mission

trip.

D. Research Methodology

One of the physical tests was the bleep test, a 20-meter shuttle run

fitness test, on even ground. Test participants sprint back and forth arriving at

each line at the bleep, with shorter intervals each time, doing so forces the

participants to sprint faster, upon missing the bleep twice participants will be

excluded from the test thus we can measure the physical limit for each

participant based on how long they were participating.

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 CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL REVIEW AND FRAMEWORK

OF THINKING

A) Theoretical Review

1.The Theory Of English

1) Recount text

According to Coogan (2006) recount text is written to retell event with

the purpose of either informing or entertaining their audience or readers (or

both). The students are expected to express their ideas about the experience or

A recount text is a text that tells you a part of experience. A recount text

has an orientation, a series of events in chronological order, personal

17
 remarks on the events and a reorientation that “rounds off” the

sequence of events. In the text, you find words and phrases used to

start, connect a sentence with the next one, and end your composition.

Those words and phrases are:

● First,

● Then,

● After that,

● Finally,

b)DiscussionText Discussion

Text is a text that presents a problematic discourse. In other words, this discourse

raises the pros and cons in society. This issue will be addressed in language from

different points of view. Unlike argumentative text, Discussion text will explain the

two opposing sides of the argument. Discussion Text is usually found in

philosophical, historical and social texts.

c) Exposition Text

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1. Definition of Analytical Exposition

Exposition is a text that elaborates the writer‘s idea about the phenomenon

surrounding. Its social function is to persuade the reader that the idea is

important matter.

1. 2. Generic Structure of Analytical Exposition

● Thesis: Introducing the topic and indicating the writer’s position

● Argument 1: Explaining the argument to support the writer’s position

● Argument 2: Explaining the other arguments support the writer’s position

more

● Reiteration: Restating the writer’s position

1. 3. Language Features of Analytical Exposition

● Using relational process

● Using internal conjunction

● Using causal conjunction

● Using Simple Present Tense

d) Narrative Text

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1. Definition of Analytical Exposition:

Exposition is a text that elaborates the writer‘s idea about the phenomenon

surrounding. Its social function is to persuade the reader that the idea is

important matter.

2. Generic Structure of Analytical Exposition:

Thesis: Introducing the topic and indicating the writer’s position

Argument 1: Explaining the argument to support the writer’s position

Argument 2: Explaining the other arguments support the writer’s position

more

Reiteration: Restating the writer’s position

3. Language Features of Analytical Exposition: -

Using relational process -

Using internal conjunction

-Using causal

conjunction .Using Simple

Present Tense

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 2. The Theory of Physical Education

a)Bleep Test

The beep test was created by Luc Leger of the University of Montreal way back

in 1983, as a simple running test designed to test a person’s fitness levels and maximum

heart rate values. Over 30 years later it’s still in widespread use because it remains a great

way to measure a person’s all-important VO2 (V in volume O 2 in oxygen) max levels.

VO2 max is simply your maximum oxygen uptake, or your maximal aerobic capacity.

It’s a scientific measure of how fit you are and is important in determining your

endurance capacity in most exercises where you’re not flat-out sprinting all the time.

The bleep test is also known by other names, such as

● Pacer Test (Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run)

● MSFT (Multi-Stage Fitness Test)

● Fitness Gram

● SRT (Shuttle Run Test)

● 20 m SRT (20 Meter Shuttle Run Test)

● Léger test

b) fitness Correliation

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According to the Ottawa Charter (World Health Ognanization [WHO],), health is an important

dimension of QoL and a considerable resource for social, economic, and personal development. Since

QoL is an important measure of health impact, there is a recent interest in its measurement in public

policies (Campos and Neto,)

Exercise habits, living status, hospitalization due to falls, and amount of exercise were all associated

with physical fitness in community-dwelling older adults. The results of all of the assessments

indicated that the participants who had fallen three times exhibited lower levels of physical fitness than

did those who had not fallen in the previous year. Physical measurements, including grip strength and

single-leg standing duration, are associated with an individual’s risk of falling, which indicates that

they should be considered in the development of geriatric physical fitness and fall-prevention

programs.

In this study, we evaluated the relationships between physical fitness and regular exercise habits, living

situations, hospitalization due to falls, and quantity of exercise. Physical fitness is associated with the

risk of falling among community-dwelling older adults. On all the tests, the participants who had fallen

three times in the previous year exhibited lower physical fitness than did those who had not fallen. The

participants who had not fallen exhibited higher grip strength and single-leg standing ability than did

those who had fallen in the previous year, indicating that these two tests may be used to develop

personalized physical fitness programs and fall-prevention methods for older

adults.

3) Theory of Biology

a)respiratory system

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 He respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological

system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and

plants. The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on

the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary history. In

land animals the respiratory surface is internalized as linings of the lungs.Gas exchange

in the lungs occurs in millions of small air sacs; in mammals and reptiles these are called

alveoli, and in birds they are known as atria. These microscopic air sacs have a very rich

blood supply, thus bringing the air into close contact with the blood. These air sacs

communicate with the external environment via a system of airways, or hollow tubes, of

which the largest is the trachea, which branches in the middle of the chest into the two

main bronchi. These enter the lungs where they branch into progressively narrower

secondary and tertiary bronchi that branch into numerous smaller tubes, the bronchioles.

In birds the bronchioles are termed parabronchi. It is the bronchioles, or parabronchi that

generally open into the microscopic alveoli in mammals and atria in birds. Air has to be

pumped from the environment into the alveoli or atria by the process of breathing which

involves the muscles of respiration.

a) the work of lungs

Your lungs are the pair of spongy, pinkish-gray organs in your chest. When you inhale (breathe

in), air enters your lungs, and oxygen from that air moves to your blood. At the same time, carbon

dioxide, a waste gas, moves from your blood to the lungs and is exhaled (breathed out). This

process, called gas exchange, is essential to life.

The lungs are the centerpiece of your respiratory system. Your respiratory system also includes

the trachea (windpipe), muscles of the chest wall and diaphragm, blood vessels, and other tissues.

23
All of these parts make breathing and gas exchange possible. Your brain controls your breathing

rate (how fast or slow you breathe), by sensing your body’s need to get oxygen and also get rid of

carbon dioxide.

Healthy lifestyle habits, such as physical activity and not smoking, can help prevent lung injury

and disease.

c)lung volume

The volume of air in the lungs and the volume the lungs are capable of holding

are basic measurements in the assessment of lung function and were the first

measurements of lung function to be applied to patients. In the last twenty years, it has

become widely recognized that the volume history of the lungs affects or is related to a

wide variety of lung properties and functions such as elastic recoil pressure, airway

length and diameter, alveolar surface forces, and the distribution of gas and blood within

the lung. Quite apart from the intrinsic importance of changes in lung volume or its

subdivisions it is now necessary to know lung volume in order to correctly interpret data

about lung compliance, airway resistance, flow rates, gas transfer, and even arterial

oxygen tension.

Methods of measuring lung volume can conveniently be divided into those

which measure the total volume of gas within the lungs and those which measure the

displaceable lung volume. The total displaceable lung volume is the vital capacity (VC),

and that remaining after expulsion of the VC is the residual volume (RV) and together

they make up the total lung capacity or TLC.

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 d) The Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

Lung capacity or total lung capacity (TLC) is the maximum volume of

air the lungs can accommodate or the sum of all volume compartments or

volume of air in the lungs after maximum inspiration. The normal value is

about 6,000mL(4‐6 L). TLC is calculated by summation of the four primary

lung volumes (TV [total volume], IRV [inspiratory reserve volume], ERV

[expiratory reserve volume], RV [residue volume]). Age, gender, body

composition, and ethnicity are factors affecting the different ranges of lung

capacity among individuals. TLC rapidly increases from birth to adolescence

and plateaus at around 25 years old, and may be increased in patients with

obstructive defects such as emphysema and decreased in patients with

restrictive abnormalities including chest wall abnormalities and

kyphoscoliosis

e) The Vital Capacity (VC)

Lung volumes are also known as respiratory volumes. It refers to the

volume of gas in the lungs at a given time during the respiratory cycle. Lung

capacities are derived from a summation of different lung volumes. The

average total lung capacity of an adult human male is about 6 liters of air.

Lung volume measurement is an integral part of pulmonary function tests.

These volumes tend to vary, depending on the depth of respiration, ethnicity,

gender, age, body composition, and in certain respiratory diseases. A number

25
of the lung volumes can be measured by Spirometry- Tidal volume,

Inspiratory reserve volume, and Expiratory reserve volume. However,

measurement of Residual volume, Functional residual capacity, and Total

lung capacity is through body plethysmography, nitrogen washout and helium

dilution technique.

It is the total amount of air exhaled after maximal inhalation. The

value is about 4800mL and it varies according to age and body size. It is

calculated by summing tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and

expiratory reserve volume. VC (Vital capacity) = TV (Tidal Volume +IRV

(Inspiratory Reserve Volume) + ERV (Expiratory Residual Volume).

VC (Vital capacity) indicates the ability to breathe deeply and cough,

reflecting inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength.VC (Vital capacity)

should be 3 times greater than TV (Total Volume) for effective cough. VC

(Vital capacity) is sometimes reduced in obstructive disorders and always in

restrictive disorders

It is the amount of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal

exhalation. It is calculated by adding together residual and expiratory reserve

volumes. The normal value is about 1800 – 2200 mL. FRC (Functional

Residual Capacity) = RV (Residual Volume) + ERV (Expiratory Residual

Volume)

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f) The Function Residual Capacity (FRC)

Functional residual capacity (FRC), is the volume remaining in the

lungs after a normal, passive exhalation. In a normal individual, this is about

3L, or based on some studies 1800 until 2200 milliliters. The FRC also

represents the point of the breathing cycle where the lung tissue elastic recoil

and chest wall outward expansion is balanced and equal. Thus, the FRC is

unique in that it is both a volume and related directly to two respiratory

structures. Again, FRC is the total amount of air in a person’s lungs at the

lowest point of their tidal volume (TV) in other words the amount of air left in

the lungs after a regular exhale, so it is computed by summing the volumes of

residual and expiratory reserves. RV (Residual Volume) + ERV (Expiratory

Residual Volume) = FRC (Functional residual capacity). FRC (Functional

Residual Capacity) does not rely on effort and highlights the resting position

when inner and outer elastic recoils are balanced. FRC(Functional Residual

Capacity) is reduced in restrictive disorders. The ratio of FRC (Functional

Residual Capacity) to TLC (Total Lung Capacity) is an index of

hyperinflation. In COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease),

FRC(Functional Residual Capacity) is up to 80% of TLC (Total Lung

Capacity).

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