JAWF]AH W]A@YK@TE YD@HFJFNK RDIKAAH

LKYFLA]EARDYK@A

‚FMAY @TET] IATH RK]KC―

Wdrtdeuah `d- 1

Ifsdh Wdhnaepu

Ira. Rucartkhac E.Rb.,Apt

@djfepf` 0 1

1. Hur‛akhk Ckiayac (71=7<=>>A)

=. Ikah Eacarahk (71=7<=;>A)

2. Cdrjkh Anustkha (71=7<279A)

9. Ekssya Wutrk @urhka Wraiahk (71=7<273A)

4. Ahksa Eusjk`a Idwk (71=7<2=;A)

W]FN]AE RYTIK R1 LA]EARK LA@TJYAR LA]EARK

THK\D]RKYAR RDYKA MTIK

RT]A@A]YA

  =7=1-=7==
 

RDIKAAH FMAY @TET] (EFTYC^ARC)

YTOTAH ?

Rdtdjac edhnk`utk pra`tk`ue khk eacaskswa ikcarap`ah eaepu?

a.Edeacaek prkhskp iasar lfreujask sdikaah fmat `ueur idhnah macah a`tkl iark macah ajae
 m.Edja`u`ah pdhnuokah iah edhndvajuask sklat lksk` sdikaah fmat `ueur 

YDF]K IARA] 

Fmat `ueur aiajac sdikaah mdrupa jarutah, ueuehya iajae `fhsdhtrask pd`at yahn carus
ikdhbdr`ah iacuju sdmdjue iknuha`ah, ikea`sui`ah uhtu` iknuha`ah sdmanak pdhbdnacah
atau
atau pd
pdhn
hnfm
fmat
atah
ah khld
khld`s
`skk tdhn
tdhnnf
nfrf
rf`.
`. Yuou
Yuouah
ah utae
utaeaa pd
pdhn
hnnu
nuha
haah
ah fm
fmat
at `u
`ueu
eurr ai
aiaj
ajac
ac
ikea`sui`a
ikea`sui`ah
h anar fmat yahn tdr`ahiuhn
tdr`ahiuhn ik iajaehya
iajaehya iapat jahnsuhn
jahnsuhn tdr`dha
tdr`dha sdjaput
sdjaput jdhikr 
jdhikr 
sdpahoahn
sdpahoahn tdhnnfrf`ah,
tdhnnfrf`ah, iah tkia` ikea`sui`ah
ikea`sui`ah anar fmat ktu edhoaik
edhoaik pdjkhiuhn
pdjkhiuhn sdjaput
jdhikr. @ardha ktu, fmat mdrupa ekhya` yahn ededrju`ah zat pdhsuspdhsk iah fmat yahn
 mdrsklat jdhikr tkia` sdsuak uhtu` ikoaik`ah fmat `ueur.
 @ara`tdrkstk` fmat `ueur yahn kidaj yaktu ?
1. Edemasek
Edemasek `ueah
`ueah yahn
yahn edhydm
edhydmam`ah
am`ah nahnnuah
nahnnuah `dsdcata
`dsdcatah
h eujut
eujut
=. Ykia
Ykia`
` edhyd
edhydma
mam`
m`ah
ah krkt
krktas
askk
2. Ykia`
Ykia` edhnum
edhnumac
ac khidra
khidra pdrasa
pdrasa
9. Ykia`
Ykia` edhnna
edhnnahnn
hnnu
u `dsdkema
`dsdkemahna
hnah
h ljfra eujut
eujut
4. Ykia`
Ykia` edhkhn
edhkhn`at
`at`ah
`ah rdskst
rdskstdhs
dhskk ek`rfm
ek`rfmaa
<. Ykia`
Ykia` edhk
edhkemu
emuj`a
j`ah
h hfia
hfia paia
paia nknk
nknk
Ykpd-tkpd fmat `ueur yaktu ?
• Mdriasar`ah bara pdhnnuhaah yaktu sdbara jahnsuhn iknuha`ah (iajae mdhtu` jarutah),
tdr`fhsdhtrask iah odhks mumu` yahn carus ikjarut`ah tdrjdmkc iacuju idhnah pdjarut yahn
sdsuak.
• Mdriasar`ah `caskat?
1. Ahtkm
Ahtkma`t
a`tdrk
drk Edhnahiu
Edhnahiuhn
hn andh ndrekski
ndrekskiaa uhtu`
uhtu` edhnura
edhnurahnk
hnk pfpuja
pfpujask
sk ma`tdrk
ma`tdrk eujut.
eujut.
Rdhyawa turuhah ldhfj, ckirfndh pdrf`skia, bcjfrkhd ikf`ski, narae-narae zkh` mksa
iknuha`ah sdmanak zat a`tkl ahtkma`tdrk paia fmat `ueur.
=. Ljfurk
Ljfurkia
ia yahn
yahn edemah
edemahtu
tu edep
edepdr`
dr`uat
uat dhaedj
dhaedj nknk
nknk
2. @f
@fse
sedt
dtk`
k` yah
yahn
n iapa
iapatt edhyd
edhydna
nar`
r`ah
ah hala
halass
 

9. Wrdmrus
Wrdmrusckh
ckhn
n rkhsds
rkhsds yahn mdrluh
mdrluhnsk
nsk uhtu`
uhtu` edjdpa
edjdpas`a
s`ah
h pja` iark
iark nknk anar jdmkc
jdmkc euiac
euiac
ikmdrskc`ah idhnah sk`at nknk iah pasta nknk
 Edhu
Edhuru
rutt Raran
Rarankh
kh ia
iah
h Ndrs
Ndrscf
cfh
h (1
(1;>
;>=)
=),, sdb
sdbar
araa na
nark
rkss md
mdsar
sar,, fm
fmat
at `u
`ueu
eurr ia
iaja
jae
e
 pdhnnuhaahya ikmdia`ah edhoaik
edhoaik 2 yaktu?
1. Rdmana
Rdmanakk `fsedt
`fsedtk`,
k`, cahya
cahya edemdr
edemdrskc
skc`ah
`ah,, edhydn
edhydnar`
ar`ah,
ah, iah/ata
iah/atau
u edhnck
edhnckjah
jahn`a
n`ah
h mau

eujut.
=. Rdmanak
Rdmanak tdrapdutk`
tdrapdutk`,, uhtu`
uhtu` pdrawatah
pdrawatah pdhya`
pdhya`kt
kt paia
paia eu`fsa
eu`fsa atau nkhnnk
nkhnnkva,
va, pdhbdna
pdhbdnacah
cah
`arkds nknk atau pdhnfmatah khld`sk sajurah pdrhalasah.
2. Rdma
Rdmana
nakk `fs
`fsed
edtk
tk`
` iah
iah tdra
tdrapd
pdut
utk` 
k` 
 Mdriasar`ah `fepfskskhya, Rarankh iah Ndrscfh (1;>=) edhnnfjfhn`ah fmat `ueur 
iajae mdrmanak odhks, yaktu0
1. Fmat
Fmat `ueur
`ueur uhtu`
uhtu` `fsedtk`
`fsedtk`00 tdrikr
tdrikrkk atas akr (iah mfasah
mfasahya
ya ajbfcfj)
ajbfcfj),, ljavfr
ljavfr,, iah zat
 pdwarha. Mkasahya edhnahiuhn surla`tah idhnah tuouah edhkhn`at`ah `djarutah
ekhya` atskrk.

=. Fmat
Fmat `ueur
`ueur yahn edepuhya
edepuhyakk tuouah
tuouah utaea
utaea uhtu`
uhtu` edhnckj
edhnckjahn
ahn`ah
`ah atau ma`tdrk
ma`tdrk yahn
 mkasahya tdriapat iajae ouejac mdsar iajae sajurah halas. @fepfhdh ahtksdptkb iark
fmat `ueur khk edednahn pdrahah utaea uhtu` edhbapak tuouah tdrsdmut.
2. Fmat
Fmat `ueur
`ueur yahn mdrsklat
mdrsklat sdmanak
sdmanak astrkh
astrkhndh
ndht,
t, idhnah
idhnah ea`sui
ea`sui edemdr
edemdr dld` jahnsuh
jahnsuhn
n
 paia eu`fsa eujut, ouna edhnurahnk ljf`ujask iah prdskpktask prftdkh juiac sdckhnna
iapat ikckjahn`ah sdbara ed`ahks
9. Fmat `ueur
`ueur yahn
yahn pd`at yahn
yahn pdhnnuhaa
pdhnnuhaahhya
hhya pdrju
pdrju ikdhbdr`ah
ikdhbdr`ah tdrjdmkc
tdrjdmkc iacuju.
iacuju.
4. Fmat `ueur
`ueur yahn
yahn ikiapar,
ikiapar, a`tklktashy
a`tklktashyaa tdrnahtuhn
tdrnahtuhn paia
paia pC jarutah.
jarutah. Waia suasaha
suasaha aj`ajk
aj`ajk
iapat edhnurahnk eubkhfus idpfskt idhnah ikspdrsk iark prftdkh.

AJAY IAH MACAH

 Ajat? Macah (Lfreujask )? Wd

Wdhy
hyds
dsua
uaka
kah?
h? Wd
Wdhk
hkem
emah
ahna
nah
h
 Mda`dr njass
 D`stra` Iauh
 Drjdhedydr 
Rkrkc
 Matahn  Edhtfj
 pdhnaiu`    Ha mdhzfatd
 Efrtkr iah  Njksdrkh
Rtaeldr   Ywddh 37
 Ndjas u`ur    Ha sa`arkh
 Mftfj 177 ej  Wdwarha ckoau
  pC edtdr   Aquaids ai 
 \ks`fedtdr 
 

BA]A @D]OA

A. Wdemua
Wdemuatah
tah Rdika
Rdikaah
ah

Edhkemahn sdeua macah yahn ikpdrju`ah.

Edhbaepur twddh 37 idhnah akr idhnah pdrmahikhnah 1?4 jaju ikaiu` saepak
jarut + Ha sa`arakh iah njksdrkh ikaiu` ckhnna cfefndhy (baepurah 1)

Edhbaepur zat a`tkl idhnah edhtfj jaju ikaiu` ckhnna edhtfj jarut
(baepurah =)

Edhbaepur ahtara baepurah 1 iah = iah jaju ikaiu` ckhnna

cfefndh idhnah stkrrdr `deuikah ikmdrk pdwarha ckoau
 

Dvajuask Rdikaah

1. Wdhn
Wdhnae
aeat
atah
ah Frna
Frnahf
hfjd
jdpt
ptks
ks

Edeasu`ah sdikaah `diajae waiac

Edhnaeatk sdikaah tdr`akt mau, warha, iah `dodrhkcah

=. Wdhn
Wdhnu`
u`ur
urah
ah \k
\ks`
s`fs
fskt
ktas
as

Edeasahn vks`ftdstdr paia `jdehya idhnah arac cfrkzfhtaj/tdna` 

jurus idhnah arac `jde

Edeasahn rftfr paia vks`ftdstdr idhnah edhnuhbkhya mdrjawahah

arac oarue oae

Edeasu`ah saepdj `d iajae eahn`u`, `deuikah ajat ikckiup`ah

Edhbatat mdrapa `d`dhtajah saepdj sdtdjac oarue paia vks`fsktas

stamkj

2. Wdhn
Wdhnu
u`u
`ura
rah
h pC
pC

Wdhnu`urah pC ikja`u`ah edhnnuha`ah pC edtdr 

Djd`rtfid sdmdjuehya ik`ajkmrask paia jarutah mulldr pC 9, pC >,

iah pC ;
Djd`trfid ikbdjup`ah iajae sdikaah
 pC yahn euhbuj ikjayar iah stamkj jaju ikbatat
 pC sdikaah fmat `ueur yahn mak` edhid`atk pC eujut hdtraj yaktu
ahtar pC <->
 

1. To
Tokk Rta
Rtamk
mkjk
jkta
tass Rdi
Rdika
kaah
ah

Wdhykepahah Rucu @aear 

Wdhn
Wdhnuo
uoka
kah
h st
stam
amkj
kjkt
ktas
as sdika
sdikaah
ah edjk
edjkpu
putk
tk `f
`fhi
hiksk
ksk lksk`
lksk` (m
(mau
au,, warh
warha,
a,
`dodrhkcah) iah pC ikdvajuask paia sucu `aear (=3·B±=·B) sdjaea =
ekhnnu

Wdhykepahah Rucu ]dhiac

Wdhn
Wdhnuo
uoka
kah
h st
stam
amkj
kjkt
ktas
as sdika
sdikaah
ah edjk
edjkpu
putk
tk `f
`fhi
hiksk
ksk lksk`
lksk` (m
(mau
au,, warh
warha,
a,
`dodrhkcah) iah pC ikdvajuask paia sucu `aear (9·B±=·B) sdjaea =
ekhnnu

CARKJ

1. Wdhkem
Wdhkemahn
ahnah
ah Maca
Macah
h

 HF. Macah Wdrcktuhnah (nrae)

1. D`stra` iauh skrkc
=. Edhtcfj
2. Ha. Mdhzfat
9. Njksdrkh
4. Ha. Ra`arkh
<. Wdwarha ckoau
>. Ywddh 37
3. Aquaidst

=. Frna
Frnahf
hfjd
jdpt
ptk` 
k` 

Wdhnuokah Caskj
Mau
^arha
@dodrhkcah

2. \ks`
\ks`fs
fskt
ktas
as

Wdhnuokah Caskj
 

\ks`fsktas

9. pC

Wdhnuokah Caskj
 pC

4. Tok Rtamkjktas Rdikaah

Wdhnuokah ^arha Mau @dodrhkcah
Caskj

RYTIK JKYD]AYT] ?
 RDIKAAH
 @FEWFHDH WDH[TRTH
 AYAT CAJ WDHYKHN YD]@AKY OTITJ

W]D LF]ETJARK
1. _AY A@
A@YKL
  HAEA ?
 @AHITHNAH ?
 @FHRDHY]ARK DLD@YKL?
 A@YK\KYAR ?

=. DSKWKDHY
 Hf Haea Luhnsk ]dhtahn
@fhsdhtrask
 pdhnnuhaah ik
jktdratur 

LF]ETJA

Macah @fhsdhtrask @dnuhaah

W]FRDIT] WDEMTAYAH

W]FRDIT] WDHNTOKAH

WDHNTOKAH & HKJAK ]TOT@AH

 Hf Wdhnuokah Hkjak yahn ikrd`fedhiask`ah Wusta`a
 

WDEMACARAH

IALYA] WTRYA@A

JAEWK]AH
 Caskj pdhnuokah eutu lksk` sdikaah edruou` ourhaj
 Naemar sdikaah edruou` iark prfiu` cdrmaj atau ourhaj