SKELETAL SYSTEM:

OVERVIEW
 SKELETAL SYSTEM
OVERVIEW

DEFINITION
Skeletal System
consist of bones as well as their associated
connective tissues.
consists of dynamic, living tissues that are
able to grow, detect pain stimuli, adapt to
stress, and undergo repair after injury.
Skeleton
derived from the Greek word which means
dried.
Joint
also called as an articulation.
place where two bones come together
many joints are movable but some only allow
limited movement.
others allow no apparent movement.
Note: The structure of a given joint is directly
correlated to its degree of movement.
3. Movement
tendons
strong bands of connective tissue
attached to skeletal muscle to bones
contraction of skeletal muscles pulls the
tendons which move the bones
joints
allow movement between bones
ligaments
prevent excessive movement
4. Storage
calcium and phosphorous
stored in the bone
if blood levels of these minerals decrease,
the minerals are released from the bone
to the blood
adipose tissue
also stored within bone cavities
when needed, lipids are released into the
bone and used by other tissues as a source of
energy

5. Blood Cell Production

MAJOR FUNCTION bones contain cavities filled with red bone
marrow which produces blood cells and
1. Support platelet
rigid, strong bone
well suited for bearing weight
the major supporting tissue of the body
cartilage
provides firm yet flexible support within
certain structures
nose, external ear, thoracic cage, trachea
ligaments
strong bands of fibrous connective tissue
that attach to bones and hold them
together

2. Protection
bone
hard and protects the organ it surrounds
skull
encloses and protects the brain
vertebrae
surround the spinal cord
rib cage
protects the heart, lungs and other organs
of the thorax.
SKELETAL SYSTEM:
BONES & JOINTS
 SKELETAL SYSTEM
THORAX REGION

Rib Cage (Thoracic Cage) Xiphoid Process

protects the vital organs within the thorax and
prevents the collapse of the thorax during
respiration.
consist of the thoracic vertebrae, the ribs with
their associated cartilages, and the sternum.
important landmark of the sternum
During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), very vital
to place hands over the body of the sternum rather
than the xiphoid process. Pressure applied to the
xiphoid process can drive it into an underlying
abdominal organ, such as liver, causing internal
bleeding.

RIBS & COSTAL CARTILAGES Articulation

a joint or juncture between bones or cartilages
in the skeleton of a vertebrate.
True Ribs
Vertebrosternal Ribs Costal Tubercle
superior 7 ribs (1-7) a dorsal eminence between the neck and the
articulates with the thoracic vertebrae body of a rib. Th
attached directly to the sternum by means of bears an articular facet for articulation with the
social cartilages. transverse process of the vertebra.

False Ribs Intercostal Spaces

inferior 5 ribs (8-12) lie between adjacent ribs and are filled by
intercostal muscles.
do not attach directly to the sternum.
consist of two groups:
Costal Cartilage
8-10 attaches ribs to the sternum
Vertebrochondral ribs flexible and permit the rib cage to expand
attached to the sternum by common during respiration
cartilage. bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong
11-12 the ribs forward
Floating Ribs or Vertebral ribs contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the
do not attach at all to the sternum. thorax.
only found at the anterior ends of the ribs,
Sternum providing medial extension.
breastbone
Costal Margin
divided into three (3) parts:
also known as the costal arch
Manubrium (handle) the lower edge of the chest (thorax) formed by
Body (blade) the bottom edge of the rib cage.
Xiphoid (sword) Process (tip) anterior surface of sternum and costal
resembles a sword cartilages. (The costal margin forms a large
upside-down V on the inferior border.)
Jugular Notch
a depression located between the ends of the Separated Rib
clavicles where they articulate with the dislocation between a rib and its costal
sternum. cartilage that allows the rib to move, override
adjacent ribs, and cause pain
separation of the tenth rib is the most common
Sternal Angle
a slight elevation
can be felt at the junction of the manubrium
(the handle of the sternum) and the body of
the sternum .
an important landmark
identifies the location of the second rib.
SKELETAL SYSTEM
THORAX REGION
 MUSCULAR SYSTEM
THORAX &
ABDOMINAL WALL
 MUSCULAR SYSTEM
THORAX & ABDOMEN
 MUSCULAR SYSTEM
THORAX & ABDOMEN
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
SKELETAL &
MUSCULAR
 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
SKELETAL & MUSCULAR