Activity #1 - RIPH

Read the Katipunan and the Revolution: Memoirs of a General by Santiago Alvarez and
The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan by Teodoro Agoncillo and
examine their respective claims about the Tejeros Convention. You may answer the questions
in Tagalog or English. Remember, you will be graded based on the justification of your answer,
and not by number of words. Thank you!
Hi, Russell Ray. When you submit this form, the owner will see your name and email
address.

1.Test of Authenticity
SOURCE: Katipunan and the Revolution: Memoirs of a General
Brief Description of the Source:
Katipunan and the Revolution: Memoirs of a General was published by the Ateneo de
Manila University in 1992 and reprinted in 1996. The book talks about experience and
observations of the author as a general during the Philippine Revolution of which both
Katipunan and the government succeeded. Likewise, the source narrated the important events
and activities that happened in authors’ time.

The Competence of the Author:

Author: Santiago V. Alvarez
Santiago V. Alvarez is a member of the Magdiwan Council. He fought the Spaniards in the
Battle of Noveleta in 1896 with his father, General Mariano Alvarez, and cousin, General
Pascual Alvarez. He earned the nom de guerre Kidlat ng Apoy or Kapitan Apoy among the
revolutionary forces due to his extraordinary bravery in the Battle of Dalahican.
Satiago enrolled at the University of Santo Tomas yet he later transferred to San Juan de
Letran where he obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree and took law at Liceo de Manila. He took
part in the reorganization of the Nacionalista Party which aimed at securing independence from
the United States of America
He is an active in the Katipunan as a member and as a delegate. Alvarez is one of the
members who organized chapter and propagated the movement in the general.

Origin of the Information Narrated:

 PRIMARY SOURCE: Experience, knowledge, observation (point of view) of the author,

Santiago V. Alvarez.
*Date of the Information and Milieu:
MARCH 25 – 27 1897.

 Gatherring/Assembly at Tejeros (The meeting was signed by Sec. Jacinto Lumbreras)

 Parish house in Tanza where Magdalo leaders hold their own meeting.

1992
 The book Katipunan and the Revolution: Memoirs of a General by Santiago V. Alvarez
was published by the Ateneo de Manila University.

2.Test of Authenticity
SOURCE: The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan
Brief Description of the Source:
The book initially espoused the idea of a nationalist historiography by contending that the
writing of Philippine must be in the Filipino point-of-view (Quibuyen, 2008). The Revolt of the
Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan was published by the College of Liberal
Arts of the University of the Philippines in 1956. Written by Teodoro Agoncillo, it is an in-depth
discussion on the Katipunan and the life history of its Supremo Andres Bonifacio through the
use of pertinent primary sources concerning the Philippine Revolution against Spain.

The Competence of the Author:

Author: Teodoro Agoncillo
Teodoro Agoncillo’s Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan
gained him prominence and regarded as a classic work in Philippine historiography.
He studied Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy at the University of the Philippines (1934) and
earned his masters degree after a year. After that, he teaches at various universities (Far
Eastern University, then at Manuel L. Quezon University) and then accepted the invitation of
Dean Tomas Fonacier to teach at the Department of History of the University of the Philippines
where he also served as chairman.
He was also named National Scientist of the Philippines by the late President Ferdinand
Marcos for his outstanding contributions in history (1985).

Origin of the Information Narrated:

 SECONDARY SOURCE: Katipunan and the Revolution (by Santiago V. Alvarez)

*Date of the Information and Milieu:

JANUARY 1897 – The town fiesta of San Francisco de Malabon was held.
MARCH 22, 1897 – (General Emilio Aguinaldo Aguinaldo’s birthday) the battle raged and the
assembly convened at Tejeros.
1956 - The book Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan was
initially published by the College of Liberal Arts of the University of the Philippines.
2002 and 2005 – Where the second edition and printing were respectively printed.

3.Test of Credibility
SOURCE: Katipunan and the Revolution: Memoirs of a General
Objectives of the Event:
The main objective of the gathering is to discuss how to bolster the defenses in the
areas that are still under Magdiwang control. They also need to discuss the major issue they
face which is what kind of government they should have and how should the organize it.

Persons involved in the Event:

 Secretary Jacinto Lumbreras – From Magdiwang council. He signed the invitations for
the meeting and presided over the assembly. He also announced the main topic of the
discussion in the meeting.
 Ariston Villanueva – Secretary of War of the Magdiwang Council.
 Mr. Severino de las Alas – rose to speak and stated that they should discuss what kind
of government they will establish before the minor details.
 Daniel Tirona – member of Magdalo Faction.

 Supremo Andres Bonifacio  Artemio Ricarte

 Messrs  Santos Nocon
 Mariano M. Alvarez  Luciano San Miguel
 Pascual Alvarez  Pablo Mojica
 Ariston Villanueva  Severino de las Alas
 Mariano C. Trias  Santiago Rillo
 Diego Mojica  Baldomero Aguinaldo
 Emiliano R. de Dios  Cayetano Topacio
 Santiago V. Alvarez

Biases of the Author:

 The author, Santiago Alvarez, is biased towards Magdiwang since he is a member of the
said faction. His perspective, observation, and knowledge are only limited in what
happened in the group of magdiwang.
Similarities and Difference with Other Independent:

 The two source was different in terms of how the book was written. Although they have
the same plot (The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan
was based on Katipunan and the Revolution: Memoirs of a General).
 The Katipunan and the Revolution: Memoirs of a General is similar to The Revolt of
the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan because The Revolt of the
Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan was based on the first mentioned
source.
*Testimonies:
PRIMARY SOURCE: Alvarez himself is a testimony for this book. He is the one who witnessed
all the events that was narrated in the book.

4.Test of Credibility
SOURCE: The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan
Objectives of the Event:
The objective of the event is to establish what kind of revolutionary government they
needed because the two factions or group would never come to an understanding but
latter became an election for position of leaders. In addition, one of the things they need
to do in the gathering is to discuss how to defend the small area in Cavite against the
Spaniards.

Persons involved in the Event:

 Baldomero Aguinaldo – Made the proposal to establish a revolutionary government.

 Andres Bonifacio – Organized and planned the entire revolutionary movement.
 General Emilio Aguinaldo, Ariston Villanueva
 MAGDIWALNG REPRESENTATIVES: Andres Bonifacio, Mariano Alvarez, Pascual
Alvarez, Santiago Alvarez, Luciano San Miguel, Mariano Trias, Severino de las Alas,
Santos Nocon, Juacinto Lumbrera, Teodoro Gonzales, Captain Mariano San Gabriel
 MAGDALO REPRESENTATIVES: Baldomero Montenegro, Daniel Tirona, Cayetano
Topacio, Antonio Montegro.

Biases of the Author:

The author, Teodoro Agoncillo, is biased towards Andres Bonifacio. The highlight
of his work is towards Bonifacio as what the angle of the source tries to portray. He tries
to give emphasis on how and what Bonifacio did in the gathering.
*Similarities and Difference with Other Independent Testimonies:

 The two source was different in terms of how the book was written. Although they have
the same plot (The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan
was based on Katipunan and the Revolution: Memoirs of a General).
 The Katipunan and the Revolution: Memoirs of a General is similar to The Revolt of
the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan because The Revolt of the
Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan was based on the first mentioned
source making it a secondary source.
 Teodoro Agoncillo’s The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the
Katipunan is excerpt from Katipunan and the Revolution: Memoirs of a General by
Santiago Alvarez
 Santiago Alvarez is present in the gathering in Tejeros Convention while Teodoro
Agoncillo is not in the meeting as he was born years after the actual event happen.
 The dates that are mentions in both sources are different by a gap of days.

5.*In your examination of the sources, what did you find out?
- Both sources, Katipunan and the Revolution: Memoirs of a General and The
Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan, have the same plot,
setting and story. The only difference is how both sources are written by two different authors.
The Katipunan and the Revolution: Memoirs of a General is written by Santiago Alvarez
which he himself witnessed and experienced the events that happened in the book. On the
other hand, The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan written by
Teodoro A. Agoncillo, wrote the book which was excerpt or relied on Santiago’s book making it
as a secondary source.
- The two sources are different in terms of their biases. The first source is biased
towards a group while the second source is biased towards a single person.