HISTOLOGY & PARASITOLOGY LAB

GROUP 4 BSMLS 3 - A
FIRST SEMESTER
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
OCTOBER 28, 2022
DISCUSSION TRANSES

HISTOLOGY

PARTS OF THE MICROSCOPE USED FOR VIEWING:

1. Diopter
• Holds and adjust ocular lenses depending on the eye distance of the observer to have only one
perspective/one field in viewing the specimen

2. Ocular lenses
• Where the medical technologist observes the specimen
• 10x magnification

3. Objective lenses
3.1. Scanner: General view of the specimen
• Magnification: 4x
3.2. Low Power Objective: Specific view of the specimen
• Magnification: 10x
3.3. High Power Objective: Utilized in maximizing/zooming the specific view of the specimen
• Magnification: 40x or 75x
3.4. Oil Immersion Objective: Gives details of the specific part of the specimen
• Magnification: 100x
• Uses CEDAR WOOD OIL (if not available: Commercial Mineral Oil)
• Refractive Index: 1.516

4. Adjustments
4.1 Coarse Adjustment Knob
• Moves the mechanical stage up and down to have a general view of the specimen
• Works together with scanner
4.2 Fine Adjustment Knob
• To sharpen the specific view of the specimen
• Works together with LPO, HPO, OIO

5. Diaphragm/Iris
• Control/accommodate light through the diaphragm lever

6. Condenser
• Focuses the light going to the specimen
• Fresh specimen: the distance of the condenser to the aperture is far
• Stained specimen: the distance of the condenser to the aperture is near for contrasting purposes

7. Illuminator
• Source of light
• Sources of light include:
7.1 Natural light
7.2 Electrical light
7.3 Halogen light
7.4 Fluorescent light
7.5 Led light

PARASITOLOGY

3 LAYERS OF SHELL

Ascaris lumbricoides
- Color: Golden brown - 3 months inside the host body - stays in the sun
- Decorticated: no lamination - INSIDE = Dots: unembryonated; larvae: embryonated
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2 LAYERS OF SHELL

Trichuris trichiura Capillaria philippinensis

- 1 month inside the host body - Flat ends

- Color: yellow - striated (peanut)
- Has bipolar ends

CESTODES
Taenia saginata Hymenolepis nana

- 2-3 hooklets - Clear shell

- bright yellow inside - 4-6 hooklets

- Golden rainbow striations - no striations

- Can be differentiated to Taenia solium through MEDICAL HISTORY

1 LAYER OF SHELL

HOOKWORM

MORULA BALL

Ancylostoma duodenale

Necator americanus

Enterobius vermicularis

Embryonated

ORAL-FECAL ROUTE

- Contaminant: stool and urine

- Stool: Enterobius vermicularis (lower part of intestine) - Urine: Stronglyloides stercoralis (Upper part of

- causes prolapse the intestine

- night time, female deposits egg in the anus

CYSTOSOME: different terminal spines

Hematobium japonicum (very common)

- Urine - Intestine

mansonii mekonje BLOOD FLUKES

- Liver - Intestine

FLUKES – flat

- Covering called “OPERCULUM”

Paragonimus westermani Sinensis clonorchis

- lung fluke; gold color - Liver fluke; colorless

jejanica: Intestinal fluke; gold color

hepatonica: Liver fluke

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 Entamoeba histolytica

- pathogenic CYST: 1-2 nucleus

- resembles WBC but WBC has centrally-located nucleus TROPHOZOITE: >2 nucleus

- Diarrhea amoebe: yellow stool - E. coli: 3-4 nucleus

- food poisoning: brown stool

Entamoeba histolytica if both has 2-4 nucleus, dominance of RBC differentiates them

Entamoeba coli

Same to Entamoeba histolytica Differentiated through the number of flagella

Trichomonas vaginalis

- no flagella if patient is undergoing self-medication

Giardia vaginalis

- old man’s eyeglasses - resides in the villi of the intestine

- traveler’s diarrhea

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