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620ARCY-WEISBACH EQUATI0N
Consider auniform horizontal pipe of cross-sectional area A
carrying a liquid with mean velocity V, as shown Fig. 6.1. Let
1 1 and 2 -

2 are two sections of pipe.

2 V

- F1

Pli i P2
- FI

FIG 6.1: Uniform Horizontal Pipe

Let, P1 =
Pressure intensity a section 1 - 1

Velocity of flow at section 1

V = -
1
CHAPTER-6Flow Through Pipes 6.5
d Diameter of pipe
L Length of pipe between sections 1 1 and 2 2

hf Loss of head due to friction

and P2, V2 = Pressure intensity and velocity at sectioh 2 - 2

Byapplying Bemouli's equation between section 1 -1 and 2-2,

B Z1 Pa V Z2 + hf
2g 29
But, Z1 =
Z2 as pipe is horizontàl

V2 as diameter of pipe is uniform.

V =

P2 + hf
hy = P
(or) hf
(or) o h (P1 - P2) (1)
Let f be the frictional resistance per unit wetted area per

unit velocity, then frictional resistance as per Froude's

experiments is,

F1 f x wetted area x V2

f x PLVZ [Here P =wetted perimeter.. (2)

The forces acting on the liquid between sections 1 -

1 and

2-2 are,
Pressure force at section 1 - 1 = P2 A
(i)
Pressure force at section 2 - 2 P2A
(ii)
(ii) Frictional resistance F1 as shown in Fig
Resolving all the forces horizontally, we have
P1A - P2 A - F1 0

(or) (P1-P2)A = F1

(or) (P-Pa)- (3)

 HYDRAULICS
6. 6
above equation,
By substituting equation (1) and (2) in the

= PLV2
hf A

h; = Ly2 (4)
(or) A

For circular pipes running full,

Ttd
P 4
g2
A d
4

hf LiLv? .
(5)

Putting 2
Where is known coefficient of friction.
f as

Equation (5) becomes as,

h LV2
4 fLV2
(or) hf =
2 gd (6)
Equation (6)_is known as Darcy-weisbach equation. This
equation is used finding loss of head due to friction in pipes.

fLV2
Sometimes equation (6) is written as
h 2 gd
Here 'f is know as friction factor.