Miscellaneous Exercise Question Bank

150.(B) At constant volume and temperature,

P1 P2

n1 n2

100 0.01

12 /120 n2
0.01
n2   1  10 5
1000

Number of molecules left  6.02  10 23  10 5  6.02  1018 molecules

 a 
151.(B) Van der Waal's equation is  P    V  b   RT
 V 2 

At low pressure, volume correction (b) is negligible
 a  a a
P  2  V  RT  PV   RT  PV  RT 
 V  V V

1
152.(A) Average momentum change due to collision  2 muavg & u 
m
 If molar mass increases average momentum change will increase.
153.(B) Solubility of gases in liquid increases with increase in pressure.

154.(B) N 2O4  2NO2

1 
0.8 0.4
Total moles  0.8  0.4  1.2
P1 P2

T1n1 T2 n 2
1 P2

300  1 600  1.2
P2  2.4 atm

155.(BCD) Vander Waal’s constant ‘a’ is a measure of intermolecular attractive forces.

PV
156.(CD) Z 
RT
3
Average kinetic energy of gas  kT
2
157.(A)
158.(ACD) For ideal gas, Z  1
3
159.(ABCD) Under critical states, compressibility factor is
8
a 8a
PC  TC 
27b2 27Rb
PC VC 3
VC  3b  Z  
RTC 8

Solution | Workbook-1 22 States of Matter

160.(ABCD) Refer module
1
VC  3b ; b VC
3
1
161.(AB) At constant temperature, P 
V
As volume increases, pressure decreases
Kinetic energy of molecules depends only on temperature.
8a
162.(AB) Critical temperature TC 
27Rb
Critical volume VC  3b

a
Critical pressure PC 
27b2
2a
Inversion temperature Ti 
Rb
r1 M2
163.(C) 
r2 M1

r1  rate of diffusion of hydrogen gas

r2  rate of diffusion of mixture of C2H4 and CO2

M2  Molar mass of mixture

r1 M2

r2 M1

4r M mix

r 2
Mmix
16   M mix  32
2
Let x be the mole fraction of C2H4 in the mixture

32  28x  44 1  x    32  28x  44  44 x

3
16x  12 
4
1
1 x 
4
x
Ratio :  3 :1
1 x
164.(B) Since both the containers are in the same conditions of P, V and T,
rO Mmix
2

rmix MO
2

As the mixture contains three moles of He and 2 moles of N 2, the effective molecular weight of the
mixture would be

3 2 rO 13.6
2
4  28  13.6    0.652
5 5 rmix 32

Solution | Workbook-1 23 States of Matter

 Though this solution looks OK, there is one big flaw in it.
The error is that we have assumed that He and N2 from vessel B would effuse out with the same rate.
This assumption was made in because we have taken the composition of the gas mixture coming out
of the vessel to be same as that of the mixture that was inside the vessel. It should be duly noted that
the two mixtures (inside and the are that effused out) have different compositions. Therefore first we
must find the composition of the gas mixture coming out of the vessel B.
rN 2 4 2 1
2 = 0.252
 
rHe 3 28 3 7

This means that initially the ratio of moles of N2 to the moles of He coming out of the vessel are in the
2
molar ratio of 0.252 and not .
3
Let moles of the He coming out to be x
 Moles of N2 coming out is 0.252 x
nN 0.252 X
2
   0.2
n total 1.252 X

n He
 0.8  Mmix = 0.2 28 + 0.84 = 8.85
n total
rO 8.8
2
   0.52
rmix 32

165.(A) Cl 2  2 Cl
t0 1
t  eq 1 2

rmix M kr

rkr M mix

Given   0.14
At equilibrium, n Cl  0.86 n Cl  0.28
2

0.28  35.5 71  0.86 rmix 84

M mix    62.28    1.16
1.14 1.14 rkr 62.28

166.(B) Let ‘x’ g each of methane and hydrogen be taken.

PT  PA  PB

PA  Partial pressure of methane gas  X CH PT

4

PB  Partial pressure of H2 gas  X H PT

2

x x
n CH  nH 
4 16 2 2
x
2 8 
XH    PB  PT
2 x x 9 9

16 2

Solution | Workbook-1 24 States of Matter

167.(C) Dalton's law of partial pressure is applicable only for mixture of non-reacting gases.

NH3  HCl  NH4 Cl

 Dalton's law does not hold good for NH3 and HCl.
150 150
168.(D) At constant T, V  mole %   100   100  20%
300  200  100  150 750
169.(B) According to Boyle's law,
1
P (at const. T), PV  constant
V

3
170.(B) KE T  nRT at constant P and V
2
PV = K at constant T and mass
V = KT at constant P and mass
171.(B) M mix  X CH MCH  X C MC
4 4 2 H4 2 H4

If mole ratio of CH4 and ethene is x : y

x y
X CH  XC 
4 xy 2 H4 xy
 x   y 
M mix   16    28  20
xy xy
   
16x  28y  20 x  y  
x  2y ...... (i)
If mole ratio is y : x
 y   x 
Mmix   16    28
xy xy
   

16y  28x  M x  y 
16y  28x  M  2y  y 

72y  M  3y   M  24
172.(B) Critical temperature is low due to weaker attractive forces
173.(C) Only frequency of collision  T

174.(D) All molecules of ideal gas do not travel at same speed.

175.(A) Van der waal constant a determines intermolecular force of attraction.
176.(D) Z can be greater than or less than 1
177.(C) SO2 is easily liquefied because of higher value of 'a'

178.(C) Statement II is incorrect

Due to intermolecular force of attraction, pressure exerted by real gas is less than ideal gas.
179.(D) Unit of Vander waal's constant b is L mol 1

Solution | Workbook-1 25 States of Matter

180.(D) V  temperature in kelvin.
181.(A)
182. A  p, r, t ; B  q ; C  s ; D  p, r, t
8a
Tc   Tc depends 'a' and 'b' greater the value of a, more is the Tc .
27Rb
183. A  p, s ; B  q, s ; C  p ; D  r, t
PV P1V1 P2 V2
184.  
RT RT RT
P6  22  24  P  2 atm

185. Total pressure is 4.57 atm at 50°C

90
PH (g)   0.5  0.45
2O 100
Pdry air  4.57  0.45  4.12 atm
At 25°C
P2 P1

T2 T1
P 4.12
  Pdry air  3.8 atm
298 323
20
PH (g) at 25°C   0.1  0.02
2O 100
Ptotal  3.8  0.02  3.82 atm

P1V1 P 2 V2
186.(B) For gas, 
T1 T2

760  91.9 P 2  100

  P 2  736.8 mm of Hg
273 288
P Total  P 2 (g)  V.P.  V.P.  750  736.8  13.2 mm of Hg

r1 P1 M2 T2
187.(A) 
r2 P2 M1T1

n 1 4 546 n
   x 
x 0.25 64 273 2
188.(B) Given P  10 atm,
Total numbers of moles ; n A  n B  n C  10

PA  3 atm, PB  1atm, n A  3, n B  1
nA nA
 PA  x A  P(total)   10   10
n A  nB  nC 10
nA  3

Similarly, PB  x B  P(total)
So, n B  1

 
n C  10  n A  n B  10  4  6 
Weight of C  6  2  12 g

Solution | Workbook-1 26 States of Matter

 U12  U 22  U 23  U 24 54 54
189.(D) U rms   
4 4 2

6.02  10 22
190.(A) Moles of each gas   0.1
NA

So mass of mixture  0.1  M N  0.1  MO  0.1  MH

2 2 2

 0.1  28  0.1  32  0.1  2  6.2 grams

191.(C) Vi / T i  Vf / T f (at constant pressure)

Vi  V / 2, T i  300 K , Vf  V

Ti 300
Tf  Vf   V  600K
Vi V/2

192.(A) On heating a gas in an open container (P and V constant)

moles of gas go out
Thus n1T1  n 2 T 2

or n1  300  n2  400

3n1
n2 
4
n2 3n1 3
 Fraction of moles of gas left   
n1 4n1 4

w d
193.(C) Using PV  RT or P  RT
m m
3 1.5
For gas A PA  R T ; PB  R T
mA mB

PA 2  mB 2  2  mA
   4
PB mA mA

V1 V2
194.(C) 
T1 T2

300 V
  V  270 mL
27  273  3  273
PV
195.(C) R 
nT
Unit of R is litre  atm/K/mole
196.(B) For hydrogen we know that
w 0.184
PV  RT   R  290
M 2
3.7
For unknown gas PV   R  298
M
Equating both the equation
3.7 0.184
 R  298   R  290  M  41.33
M 2

Solution | Workbook-1 27 States of Matter

 r1 M SO
2
197.(B) 
r2 M hydrocarbon

180 /15 64 64
  2  M  16
120 / 20 M M

3RT 3R  300
198.(C) 
MH MN
2 2

T 300 T 300
    T  21.43 K
MH MN 2 28
2 2
7 1
199.(D) Number of moles of N 2   moles
28 4
Number of moles of H2  1mole
1
Number of moles of SO2  moles
8
1 1 11
Total moles  1 
4 8 8
nRT 11 0.0821  300
P    5.64  5.7 atm
V 8 6
200.(B) V1  V, T 1  300 K, T 2  500 K, V2  ?

At constant pressure V1T 2  V2 T1

V1T 2 V  500 5V
 V2   
T1 300 3
5V 2V
 Volume of air escaped = final volume  initial volume  V 
3 3
2V / 3
 % of air escaped   100  40 %
5V / 3
RT
201.(C) P(V  b)  RT ; P  ;
(V  b)
 R 
P T  0
 (V  b) 
 
PM 6  16
202.(A) d   2.236
RT 0.0821  523
203.(D) v MPS : v AV : v RMS  2 : 8/ : 3

PV 1  800
204.(D) Z  ; 1.90 
nRT n  R  330
1  800
n 
1.90  R  330
V  200
Z  1.10 
n  R  570
V  200  1.90  R  330
1.10   V  4L
800  R  570

Solution | Workbook-1 28 States of Matter

 5.6 11
205.(D) 
22.4 M. wt
M. wt.  44  N 2O
2
rx MO 4 32
2
206.(C)    
rO Mx 5 M
2   x

M x  50

d x  0.80 kg / m 3

1000
Vm   50  62.5 L
800
PVm 1  62.5
Z    1.52
RT 0.0821  500
nRT 2.8 0.0821  300
207.(B) V     3 litre
P 28 0.821
8a
208.(D) TC 
27Rb
So, for highest critical temperature, the value of ‘a’ should be highest.
209.(C) PH  22.8 mm of Hg
2O

V  827 L
T  300 K
PV (22.8 / 760)  827
 nH    nH  1 mole
2O RT 0.0821  300 2O

So, mass of H2O in gaseous form = 18 g

210.(B) The volume of the gas in the bubble remains constant, so that n1  n 2 . To calculate the final
volume, V2

P1 T2 6.0 atm 298 K

V2  V1    2.0 mL    12.72 mL
P2 T1 1.0 atm 281K

PV V 0.9  0.0821  273

211.(C) Z     2.24 litre / mol
nRT n 9
 Volume of 1 mili-mole of gas  2.24 mL
212.(A) Given m A  2 m B

 Mol. wt. of A  2  mol. wt. of B ....... (i)

Given u rms of A  2  u rms of B ....... (ii)

Also number of molecules of A = number of molecules of B ....... (iii)

1 2
For gas A PA VA  M A urms A
3
1
For gas B PB VB  MB u 2rms B
3
PA VA MA u2A
   ....... (iv)
PB VB MB u2B

Solution | Workbook-1 29 States of Matter

 Given VA  VB ....... (v)
 By equation (i), (ii), (iv) and (v)
PA 2

PB
 
 2 2 8

 PA  8PB

213.(B) If the intermolecular attraction disappears suddenly, pressure of real gas increases i.e.
Preal  Pideal

214.(AD) Critical temperature is the temperature above which gas cannot be liquefied.
215.(C) Critical temperature (TC) is the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied whatsoever be the
pressure applied.
8a
TC 
27Rb
a
216.(A) Boyle’s Temperature, Tb   290 K
Rb
 Ti  2Tb  580 K
So, the gas is being expanded adiabatically at 600 K which is more than its inversion temperature
(Ti )
 an2 
217.(C) Vander waal's equation :  P    V  nb   nRT

 V 2 

Here Vander waal's constant 'a' provides the correction for molecular forces.
218.(B) Greater the value of a, more is the intermolecular force of attraction, more is the boiling point.
8a
219.(D) Tc 
27Rb
 
Greater is the value of a / b , more is the critical temperature.
2
an
220.(B) (P)  P 
V2
 (P)(Vm  b)  RT  Pb
 PVm  RT  Pb
(R )  V  nb
 a 
 P   (V )  RT
 2  m
 Vm 
a
 PVm  RT 
Vm
(S)  At low temperature and high pressure, the gas behaves ideally.
 PVm  RT

221.(C) At Boyle’s temperature (Tb ) , the gas behaves ideally over an appreciable range of pressures.

222. (A)  q, s; (B)  r ; (C)  r ; (D)  q, s

(A) H2 gas at NTP
Z 1
So Vm  22.4L

Gas is less compressible w.r.t. ideal gas

Solution | Workbook-1 30 States of Matter

 (B) Applying PM = dRT
10
At ideal condition, density of O2 gas g/L
7
10
For d , Z 1
7
Gas is more compressible
20
(C) At ideal conditions, d  g/L
7
20
At d , Z 1
7
1
(D) At ideal conditions, density of He gas  g/L
5.6
1
At d , Z 1
5.6
Vm  22.4 L

Gas is less compressible w.r.t Ideal gas.

223. (A)  q, r; (B)  p, s ; (C)  q, r ; (D)  p, s
(A) At low pressure, attractive forces are dominant. So, Z  1 and the gas is more compressible.
(B) At high pressure, repulsive forces are dominant. So, Z  1 and the gas is less compressible.
(C) At low density of gas, Z  1 (D) For H2 and He, Z  1 always.

224.(B) Vander waal's equation of state is applicable only above critical temperature, Tc .
225.(D) At 300 K, the state will be liquid at P  20 atm
At 500 K, the state will be liquid at P  50 atm
226. A – Q, S ; B – R ; C – P, T; D - T
T2  Critical temperature.

Above T2 , the gas cannot be liquefied.

At T1 , curve AB represents gaseous state, curve BD represents equilibrium between gaseous & liquid
states and curve DE represents liquid state.
1/2
3RT  3  8.314  T 
227.(C) 1000  ;103   
26
M 10  6  10 23 

106  10 26  6  1023

T   250 K
38
228.(5) b  4  Volume of 1 mole of gas molecules.
4
 4   10 4 L / mol  4    (z  10 9 )3  10 3 L  6.022  10 23  z 5
3
4
229.(2) Molar excluded volume, b  4  r 3  N A
3
4
 3.2   10 3  4  r 3  6  1023  r  10 9 m
3
 Diameter, 2r  2  10 9 m or 2 nm
230.(B)

Solution | Workbook-1 31 States of Matter

231. CaCO3 (s)  CaO (s)  CO2 (g)
25 1
n CaCO    nCaO  n CO
3 100 4 2

1
m CaO   56  16 g
4
16
VCaO   4.84 mL
3.3
Volume of CO2 gas  504.2  4.84  499.3 mL
 an 2 
Solving  P 
 2 
 V  nb  nRT  
 V 
we get P  62 atm
232.(BCD) Gas can be liquified below Tc
233.(D) Z  1, gas behaves ideally
Z  1, intermolecular forces of attraction dominates i.e. Vreal  Videal , real gas can be easily liquefied
owing to dominant intermolecular attraction.
234.(B) For Z  1
Vreal  Videal

At 1atm, Vreal  22.4 L

 As pressure is increased, volume of gas decreases and approaches 22.4 L
235.(A) TB is a temperature at which gas behaves like an ideal gas meaning attractive and repulsing force just
offset each other.
236.(B) A gas can be liquefied only if its temperature is lower than its critical temperature Hence, (B) is the
correct answer.
237.(B)
238.(D) PN  PH
  1atm
2 2O

PH
  0.3 atm
2O

PN  0.7 atm

2

Now new pressure of N2 in another vessel of volume V/3 at same temperature T is given by
V
PN  1  0.7V  PN  2.1atm
2 3 2

Since aqueous tension remains constant, and thus total pressure in new vessel
 PN  PH
 = 2.1 + 0.3 = 2.4 atm
2 2O

8RT 3RT
239.(B) (U AV ) A  and (U rms )B 
M A MB
8 MA
 
3 MB
8RT2 8RT
For A(U AV )  for B(VAV ) 
M A MB
T2 MA 8 8
   T2  T or T2  T
T MB 3 3

Solution | Workbook-1 32 States of Matter

240.(C)  100 ml blood has 0.02 g O2 and 0.08 g CO2
 10,000 ml blood has 2 g O2 and 8 g CO2
Using PV = nRT
2
For O2, 1  VO   0.0821  310  VO = 1.59 litre
2 32 2

8
For CO2, 1  VCO   0.0821  310  VCO = 4.62 litre
2 44 2

241.(C) Mass of 1 lt water vapour = V ×d = 1000 × 0.0006 = 0.6g

0.6
 Volume of liquid water   0.6 cc
1
3
242.(A) KE  RT ; T   123  273   150 K
2
3
 R  150  3  8.314  75  xJ  225  8.314  xJ
2
At 27°C = 27+ 273 = 300K
3
KE for = 2x Joule =  8.314  300
2
N molecules
 x Joule = 3  8.314  75
In both the cases x Joules correspond to N molecules.

PM
243.(D) (i) Density of a gas () 
RT
MB MA
Since  ,
TB TA
 At the same pressure  A  B .
But if pressure is different then  A  B .
(ii) Pressure of the gases would be equal if their densities are equal other wise not.
3
KE per mol  RT
2
 It will be different for the two gases.
3RT TA TB
(iii) Vrms  , since  ; Vrms of A  Vrms of B
M MA MB
3
244.(B) The average kinetic energy of an atom is given as kT.
2
 It does not depend on mass of the atom.
245.(B) H2 and Cl2 reacts to form HCl; Dalton’s law of partial pressure is valid only for the gases which don’t
react at ordinary conditions.
P1V1 n1RT1 n1T1
246.(C)  
P2 V2 n2RT2 n 2 T2
As, V1  V2 & T1  T2

P1 n1 PH nH PH 44
  2
 2
 2
 2  22 atm
P2 n2 PCO n CO 1 44
2 2 44

Solution | Workbook-1 33 States of Matter

247.(A) Mass of the filled balloon = 50 + 685.2 = 735.2 kg
Pay load = Mass of displaced air – Mass of balloon = 5108 – 735.2 = 4372.8 kg

248.(B) PV = k constant
New volume = 0.95 V
 P1V  P2  0.95V

P1
P2   1.0526 P1
0.95
 Increase in pressure  1.0526 P1  P1  0.0526 P1  5.26 % of P1

249.(D) Number of molecules in one mole of a gas viz. 6.023  1023 is independent of pressure.

Solution | Workbook-1 34 States of Matter