TYPE V – INTEGRATING FACTOR FOUND BY INSPECTION

FORMULAS:

1. 𝑑 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑦𝑑𝑥−𝑥𝑑𝑦
2. 𝑑
𝑦 𝑦2

𝑦 𝑥𝑑𝑦−𝑦𝑑𝑥
3. 𝑑
𝑥 𝑥2

𝑦 𝑥𝑑𝑦−𝑦𝑑𝑥
4. 𝑑 arctan =
𝑥 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2

𝑦2 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦−𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
5. 𝑑 =
𝑥 𝑥2

𝑥2 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦
6. 𝑑 =
𝑦 𝑦2

1 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥𝑑𝑦−𝑦𝑑𝑥
7. 𝑑 ln =
2 𝑥−𝑦 𝑥 2 −𝑦 2
ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEMS:
Determine the solutions of the following differential equations;
1. 𝑦 2𝑥𝑦 + 1 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0

2. 𝑥 3 𝑦 3 + 1 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 4 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0

3. y 𝑥 4 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑥 4 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0

4. 𝑦 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 1 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 − 1 𝑑𝑦 = 0

5. 𝑦 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 1 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1 𝑑𝑦 = 0
1. 𝑦 2𝑥𝑦 + 1 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0
2. 𝑥 3 𝑦 3 + 1 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 4 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0
3. y 𝑥 4 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑥 4 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0
4. 𝑦 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 1 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 − 1 𝑑𝑦 = 0
5. 𝑦 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 1 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 1 𝑑𝑦 = 0
TYPE VI – DETERMINATION OF INTEGRATING FACTOR

𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁𝑑𝑦 = 0 → 1
Let 𝑢 – possibly a function of both 𝑥 and 𝑦 by an integrating factor
𝑢𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝑢𝑁𝑑𝑦 = 0 → 2
Then 2 is an exact differential equation

𝜕 𝜕
𝑢𝑀 = 𝑢𝑁
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
Hence, 𝑢 satisfies the partial differential equation

𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑢
𝑢 +𝑀 =𝑢 +𝑁
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
𝑢 − =𝑁 −𝑀
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝑑𝑢
Let 𝑢 – be a function of 𝑥 alone; then = 0 and =
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁 𝑑𝑢
𝑢 − =𝑁
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁 𝑑𝑢
− 𝑑𝑥 = =𝑓 𝑥
𝑁 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝑢

𝐼𝐹 = 𝑒 ‫𝑓 ׬‬ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝑑𝑢
Let 𝑢 – be a function of 𝑦 alone; then = 0 and =
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑥

1 𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁 𝑑𝑢
− 𝑑𝑦 = − =𝑔 𝑦
𝑀 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝑢

𝐼𝐹 = 𝑒 − ‫𝑔 ׬‬ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEMS:
Determine the solutions of the following differential equations;
1. 𝑦 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 1 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 3 𝑑𝑦 = 0

2. 𝑥𝑦 + 1 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0

3. 𝑦 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2 𝑑𝑥 + 2 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0

4. 3 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0

5. y 8𝑥 − 9𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥 𝑥 − 3𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0
1. 𝑦 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 1 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 3 𝑑𝑦 = 0