BASIC MACHINE DESIGN

I. STRAIGHT OF MATERIALS
BEAMS AND LOADS
CANTILEVER BEAMS
1. Couple
➢ Maximum Shear = 0
➢ Maximum Moment = Mo
➢ 𝜃 = maximum slope
ML
𝜃=
EI
➢ y = maximum deflection
M L2
y=
2EI

2. Concentrated load at free end

➢ Shear = P
➢ Moment = P L
P L2
➢ 𝜃=
2EI
P L3
➢ 𝑦=
3EI
3. Concentrated load at the mid-span
➢ Shear = P
PL
➢ Moment =
2
PL 2
➢ 𝜃 =
8EI
5PL3
➢ 𝑦=
48 E I
4. Uniform distributed load
➢ Shear = w L
w L2
➢ Moment =
2
wL 3
➢ 𝜃 =
6EI
w L4
➢ 𝑦=
8EI
5. Uniform varying load
 wL
➢ Shear =
2
w L2
➢ Moment =
6
w L3
➢ 𝜃 =
24E I
w L4
➢ 𝑦=
30 E I
SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAMS
1. Concentrated load at mid-span
P
➢ Shear =
2
PL
➢ Moment =
4
PL 2
➢ 𝜃=
16 E I
P L3
➢ 𝑦=
48 E I
2. Uniform load
wL
➢ Shear =
2
wL2
➢ Moment =
8
wL 3
➢ 𝜃=
24 E I
5w L4
➢ 𝑦=
384 E I
3. Varying load
wL2
➢ Moment =
9 √3
7wL 3
➢ 𝜃=
360 E I
2.5 w L4
➢ 𝑦 =
384 E I
RESTRAINED BEAMS
1. Concentrated load at mid-span.
F
➢ Shear =
2
PL
➢ Moment =
8
 P L3
➢ 𝑦=
192 E I

2. Uniform distributed load

wL
➢ Shear =
2
wL2
➢ Moment =
12
w L4
➢ 𝑦=
384 E I
3. Uniform varying load
wL2
➢ Moment at A = 30
wL2
➢ Moment at B = 20
➢ Y = deflection at mid-span
w L4
➢ 𝑦=
768
PROPPED BEAMS
1. Concentrated load at mid-span with fixed at left end and roller at right end.
➢ y = mid-span deflection
7
𝑦= PL3
768
2. Uniform distributed load with fixed at left end and pin at right end
5
➢ Max. Shear = wL
8
wL2
➢ Max. Moment =
8
wL 4
➢ 𝑦=
185 E I
FOR RECTANGULAR BEAMS
1. Sf = flexural stress
6M
Sf = bh2
Where: M = maximum moment
2. Ss = shearing stress
3V
Ss = 2bh
Where: V = maximum shear