PART 2 Co "rparv e:.

-vie m 'ltal c'

Culture includes norms o=behavior based on learned a aitudes, dNstlo

values, and beliefs. Buslnesspeople aft e that there are cross- consultative working rolationshif
country differences but d =agree as to what they are. and hovs much hr ; Compzt2 orcooperate wrth felloa ;. ,
International comp, rtes must evaluae their 'busirr- ss practices e deter ec to which people trust, : . . .
to ensure that they take into account national norms in. their other, (relieve in one, and for ego present fo, future gra`r :! .
behavioral characteristic
Host cultures do not always expect companies and ird , ~`_.
-
A give-n country may encompass very distinct societies. People to conform to their norms. They sometimes accomm a ^r
also may have more in common vci,h similar groups in foreign eign companies and have different standards for fore ,
s than wi,h groups in their own country,
People colmm;.
Companies can build awareness about other cuhures. The guage, bases! on
amount of effort needed to do this depends on the similarity
between countries and the type of business operation under- Information processing is greatly affected by cultu
taken. e failure, to perceive subtle distinctions in
can result in misunderstandings in i
Cultural change may take place ac a result of choice oi impo-
sition . Isolation from other groups, especially because of lan- People svorking i
guage, tends to statailize cultures . to the dangers of cAre,eiyE' polll-cerrtris
centrism . They should try to became geocentric .
fon systems according to their
In deciding whether to try to bring change to horns of h ;,_
up memberships. These member-
ships determine a persons degree of access to economic country operations, an international company should ce  ,d`
resources, prestige
.social claions, and power . All individual', how important the change is to each party, the cost and !,en,
affiliations n?-ay determine his or her qualification., and wail- fit to the company of each alternative, the use of opinion ,, t
ability for given jobs. erg, and the timing of change .

Some people work far more than is recess
basic needs for rood, clothing, and shelter. People are moti-
vated to work for various reasons, including their pref(
ial items over leisure, the belie+ that work will br
nd reward, and the desire for achievement- .
Although increased contact among people is evoTing.
widespread cultural similarity" among nations, people ~T ; _i
tireless tend to hold on to their basic values These wdt~- it
bolstered by efforts to protect cultural separatene s si,<
national identity .

'CO Cl ,r CJ ,ee' ~'Oou

"J"ar *1 j ~-eu r~i , `712G - is !mefl x o tiic t. :, jap, -
-'igg "1., r :, 2X2C_ _ u , STa'7 , t,j0 .(~: - rr E, . :-1e5> . "ro a^ .. ,- :qua * ~,u,ss_vnt ;c err c-chafe. Te

it tier t .. i "a f 2 5 ), i,.- - r,1 y- .S .C . ., t .. . -. ., - .. v

T ° s C , re d
T

dan _' cf ~, . .
 CHAPTER 2 1^e Cu ;tu En-. iron r.ts Facmv b, l;ess

Its 'our main i

"<-vu,Fn.y Shikoku, Honshu, and
J :spans island status
cultural borro+nr-

cultur, , ~1!tlv)ush
a (:ertaln i652 :narr
cultums.

co :*n ._ - substantial R&D on its ovsm, which was coordinated man who had spent most o'- h " s 25-year career at Weaver abroad,

t committee representing both Weaser and Yamazaki to Fresco,, ,, had served in India, the Philippines_, and hviexico, evith sev-
nation of efforts . The subsicEary turned out ;icnal division . He seas
e United States lighted to be challenged with expanding Japar-*ese operations,
cnent considered the Japanese oper- and after too years, he " elt a sense of accomplishment in havina
aSc - one of a most st . c ssfu international ven-wres and 'eir developed a srncso El y functlon " na organization . Born all

acts were proms Ily given g9 " dwestern town, Hlgg rs entered his state or, forsity after high
treat in Japan's standard of living . school,,Midway through cci`ege however, he joined she arm ,,, .

aded the subsidiary, but, as executive vice presi- Because he had shop+m an interest in languages in college, he vvas
other subsidor"es, he lim- iguage School for intensive training in
n rfreave Yamazaki ,o dete"mini a basic poii- japane,e Fifteen months later, she was assigned as or, rnerp;eter
Usss;ed by H :g and ,, - -edgier in T k,ro and took more cou-, ses fn Japanese Ian-
ewionn. aaage, literature, and history_ He made man,/ Japanese friends, fell
-riving iIn '.ove rJ-h Japan and vowed .. ierdrn there. After- .
'..deal - -d a policy C` U .S, personnel
ccasional tour in the home- anted
- :o use

Ion . Each assignment g-nera H, - " steel -or Japanese as a means rath fished his ccl-

,ere a .,m!ted number o` -p -sates, so ege v " , ., manage-tit, gra .,n n noes, and "hen jclned

able gnc'uGsh (o " iia++.b an trtease . lifter '-. `;fear program Weaver

, . ndc t . Ite rime if 'e o . she a sign d N-. . . c; actar, bE-' JdI.

C'ee! i c, Japan i of .V bet >- pt his

(',JI-ccJ - . .- .c- a, ae _ o ur.c v er, .r:o h IuVe for tun Courtr, CISO because of the covso - a't"-+ to mprove

es,pcr" c,nte " YErnai i P : ct" rserics ",age he atro ;sd, His a =ge J4i '; nnd
 the
japarsese
Jaz
pulLIk
a Opmen
degree
jep~ossots
My
rosstAnng
s1c
time,
his
--tot
He
hot,-,
larmai,-att
stay
L3'~
population
hear
symenal
halt
me"Aly
that
troobleshoody
Higgins
Prpsaoht
*nneigidbt,,-heod
concerned,
thaz
in
xdefers,
polot,
he
ressas,6,
ad managers
suldstarbal
Higights,
had
va's
Eyed
had
and
irHe
hhrgoa'
=oat
negasira
rdstelr
liiacl-s'v
arved
owed
ho
and
ahepnrsbk'^'v
or
mid
be
few
Sought
ondoossa,
ohl,
w""t!,
KSS
m!axad
AWS
In,
w4h
-_sdd
nseur,
soOW",
examphs,
pOTdelt
nnaly
ny
my
rna-ij&~~
cod
m~
PON
2WN
adMV
MY
nc
nvol"~r-e
rwdo
'd"~te
a,dr,~cv
Kgons'
lc
hQjm4
0r
Japnov
, to
muttMO
- 0oos,'
Ow
jptrvt-,Q
cdescribe
C to
-, US
HL
purn
PWMAIcress
attarco
agowki-
w_"_ors,
ismn,ers
nodolus,
n"e
- lr
'gene
ofhe
to Amanager
v_-
IN
nnvr
ts No
homed
ac
C~ckryl
--d
IOne
somY
aVVIS,
Anoght
'he
woe
WA
n-'et
O"AN
ntaiC'
vernpYne
cvs
shoved
Wt
a,crsp~lmn
,v"-'Jc
Map!
rn,~,_rtati
0,
HIQ,
oeVc,t~o-~-,,,
"" eido'hip'
As-tKno
We emp
ont
r'lent
,, tho
--
em
'sere
-v
is
i4yaw
my
"tatoo
!ra'
wil
3rd
AW
st~o-_
4v
oftoT),cst
canorm
Oano
no
nd
"-iwlrl
3~n-,
J~"
nwpw~
du
M'iqciojs~s
pt
! jIr"ad
honey
ra~o'
Pre,
ryons
ind
on
He
oj~_sjn))
rtsvi
emans-
Inv
htt~hodr
7AW
and
Law!
heto
mh
ldtcne,
dotiry
aw-ring
met
thot
that
"oBri
inpMtten
j"'p
T'
pync
zhe
the
th
a c-"w-
`i,

PART

-to

- .'el
hultEng

V~o hy -re
the . . Tunno"
,t,oro .e_ hnl
on . vd tvo~
Linder w5cidiran ::c .
luded 5cou :ns
arqs, mendy .
rg ;-o -,,-! 'c' sc"
trMOM no Kum .
iyrazi've o: to~:nj lu;: m :ots .~yt-
'
presco"t :3me ; .0 ydrymum . :4, .,norsy
king. opinisou,
such so
native," . At :':pro
Presvou v allI _5, : do
Ivnal vj -_~orh
citum n that
At ; dl Y
extend p!

;
. . r ; Oz,, .7,-,,
marked :-,g ., Prencs :I=wAd
:
sth,d!v :
the ; ;
'Mated ;s~
t=-':m . .

~I~r"n t. . . . ._,,_
.
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74APTER 2

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