18CE510CONCRETE-

TECHNOLOGY
MI
XINGTI
ME:
IMPORTANCEOFMI XINGTIMEIti
s
i
mpor t
anttoknowthemi ni
mum mixi
ng
ti
menecessarytoproduceaconcr
eteof
unif
orm composi
ti
on,andofrel
i
able
str
ength.

Themixingtimeorperi
odshouldbe
measuredf r
om t
imeallt
hecementing
materi
alsandaggregat
esareinmixer
drum t
il
ltaki
ngouttheconcr
ete.

Mixi
ngt
imedependsont hety
peand
si
zeofmixer
,onthespeedofrot
ati
on,
andont
hequali
tyofblendi
ngof
i
ngredientsdur ingchargingoft hemi xer.
Generally
,ami xingt i
meofl essthan1t o
1.
25mi nutespr oducesappr eciablenon-
uni
formi t
yi ncomposi ti
onanda
si
gnifi
cantl owerst r
ength;mixi
ng
beyond2mi nutescausesnosi gnif
icant
i
mpr ovementi nt heseproperti
es.
EFFECTOFMI
XINGTI
ME
Withthepassageoft i
meaf termixing
i
ngredient
sofconcr etewi t
hwat er,
workabil
it
yofconcret estartsshri
nking.
Thishappensbecauseoff lui
dityl
oss
fr
om theconcrete.Fluidi
tyistheamount
ofavail
ablewaterinconcr etethati
s
bei
ngut i
li
zedinhydrationofcement
compoundsf orthesakeofbondi ng.

Whenhydr
ati
onofcementcompounds
C3SandC3Aoccur
sthanwaterwi
thi
na
concretegetsabsorbedbyt hese
compoundsandnowt heleastamount
ofwat erwill
remainforworkable
concrete.Ift
hetemperatureatthesit
e
var
ies, t
hensomeamountofwat eral
so
l
ostduet oevapor
ati
on.
HowLongShoul
dConcr
eteBeMi
xed
For
?
Thebelowv i
deoanswerf requentl
y
askedquesti
onsaboutconcr etemixing
ti
mesuchas, howlongshoul dconcrete
bemixedf or
?Aswel laswhathappens
toconcret
ethelongeritismixed,and
expl
ainshowOmni -MixingTechnology™
i
sabletomi xconcret
esoqui cklyand
eff
ecti
vely
.
PLACEMENTOFMI
XCONCRETE:
Thepl acementmet hodsofr eady
mixconcreteplay
sani mportantroleas
i
taffect
st hest
rengthanddur abi
l
ityof
concret
est r
uct
ures.Theti
meofdel iv
ery
,
quali
tychecksandtimeplacement s
aff
ectsthereadymixconcrete.
Readymixconcreteisaconcrete
whichismanufactur
edasperr equi
red
mixrati
oinbat
chingpl ant,
andthenis
tr
ansport
edtoconstructionsi
teon
conti
nuousl
ymi xi
ngtrucks.
MI
XCONCRETEPLACEMENTMETHOD:
Whenar r
ivi
ngt othesi tet
heconcret
e
transpor
tcertif
icatemustbechecked
fordesir
edchar acteri
sticsoforder
ed
concrete(quantit
y ,
class,maximum
aggregatesize,slump, t
emper at
ureet
c)
andt i
medur ati
onoft r
ansport
.
Concr
et eshallbedeli
veredtothesi
te
anddischargedfrom thetruck
completel
yandi nthef or
msr eadyf
or
vi
brat
ionwi t
hin1-1/2hour saft
er
bat
ching.
Concret
eshallbeplacedinmaxi mum
15minutesafteri
tsarri
valtothesit
e,
andthefi
nishi
ngofpl acementwillt
ake
pl
acebeforethecementst artset
ti
ng.
Concr
eteshal
lbepl
acedasnear
lyas
possibl
einitsfinal
posi
ti
on.I
tshoul
d
notbeplacedi nlar
gequant
it
iesi
none
posit
ionorallowedtofl
oworbeworked
overthan1.5m.
MERI
TS:
Dur
abi
l
ityi
nanyenv
ironment
Thelowestcar
bonfoot
pri
ntfora
st
ruct
ureorpav
ementov
erit
sli
fecy
cle.
Abui
ldi
ngmat
eri
alt
hatdoesn’
tbur
n,
r
ustorr
ot.
Saf
etyandsecur
it
y.
Unpar
all
eledst
rengt
h,durabi
l
ity
,
l
ongevi
tyandresi
li
ence.
DEMRI
TS:
Concr
etei
slessduct
il
e.
Thewei
ghtofcompar
edishi
gh
compar
edtoit
sstr
ength.
PRECAUTI
ONSOFPLACI
NG
CONCRETE:
Concr eteshoul
dbelai
d
cont
inuouslytoavoi
dir
regul
arand
unsi
ghtl
ylines.
Toavoi
dst
icki
ngofconcr
ete,
for
mworkshoul
dbeoil
edbefore
concr
eti
ng.
Whil
eplacingconcr
ete,
theposi
ti
on
offor
mwor kandr ei
nfor
cementshoul
d
notgetdi
sturbed.
Toav oi
dsegr
egati
on,concr
ete
shouldnotbedroppedfr
om aheight
moret han1meter
.
Concr
eteshoul
dnotbepl
aced
dur
ingrai
n.
Thethi
cknessoft
heconcret
elayer
shouldnotbemorethan15-
30cm in
caseofRCCand30-
40cm i
ncaseof
massconcr
ete.

Wal
kingonf
reshl
ylai
dconcr
ete
shoul
dbeavoi
ded.
Itshoul
dbepl
acedasneart
oit
sfi
nal
posit
ionaspr
act
icabl
e.
CORROSI
ON:
Corrosionisdefinedasanat t
ack
onamat eri
alasar esultofchemi cal
,
fr
equent l
yelectr
ochemi calreacti
on,
wit
ht hesur r
oundingmedi um.
Accordingtot hi
sdef i
nit
ion,theterm
corr
osioncanbeappl iedtoal l
material
s, i
ncl
udingnon- metals.
Defi
nit
ion:
deter
ior
ati
onofamater
ial
,
usual
lyametal,
thatr
esul
tsf
rom a
chemical r
eactionwithit
s
envi
ronment .-ACIConcrete
Terminology.Corrosi
onoccurswhen
theprotecti
velayerinconcret
est
eel
rei
nforcementi sdestr
oyed.

Thei ntrusi
onofchl oridei ons,
presenti ndeici
ngsal tsandseawat er
,
i
nt or ei
nforcedconcret ecancause
steel corr
osionifoxygenand
moi sturearealsoav ailabletosust
ain
ther eacti
on.Chlori
desdi ssolv
edin
wat ercanper meatet hr oughsound
concr eteorreachthest eelthr
ough
cracks.
WATERTIGHTCONCRETEAND
PROPERCOVER.--Thefi
rstdef
ense
agai
nstr
ebarcor
rosionshoul
dbea
t
hickcov
eri
ngofdense,
highl
y
i
mpermeabl
econcret
e..
..
NONCHLORI
DEACCELERATORS
CATHODI
CPROTECTI
ON
SEALERS
SPECI
ALTYCONCRETEOVERLAYS
SPECI
ALREBARTYPES

ASPECTSOFCORROSI
ON:
Therearetwoaspect stocor rosi
on
moni tori
ngofr einforcedconcrete
structures.Thef i
rstisinspecti
onand
testi
ngofanexi stingstruct
uret o
determinewhet herthereisdeteriorat
ion;
carri
edoutwi t
hpor t
ableequipmentand
requiri
ngcont actwi ththesurface.The
secondi st hei
nst all
ati
onofper manent
probesei therdur ingconst ruct ionor
afterthei dent ificationofpr oblemst hat
requirelongt er m moni toring.I nt heUK
therei sasi gni ficantnumberoft est
houseswi t htheUKAccr edi tati
on
Serv i
ce( UKAS)whocancar ryout
condi ti
onsur vey sonr einf orced
concr etest ruct uresusi ngBr it
ishand
i
nter nati
onal st andar dmet hodst o
quant if
ydamage, defect sandcor rosion
condi ti
on.Met hodsandt hei rappl icati
on
aredi scussedi nConcr eteSoci et
y
Techni cal .Ther ei sacompr ehensi ve
reviewofper manentcor rosi on
moni tori
ngsy st emsf orr ei nforced
concr etest ruct ures.
 BY
KANDEEBARAJG
(
19B045)