14th 21

Sep

structural demands en
building :

action Forces)
•

• vertical

to own
weight (deadload)
use -

(life weight)
overload -

snow
-

(life weight)
•
horizontal

↳ wind
seismic (earthquake)
• others

↳
dynamic actions (machinery ,
cars )
etc
thermal actions (expanding ofbuilding materials temperature
contracting
and due to the ,

•
settlements

→
FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONCEPT

I application
offorce →
deformation

I stress : ¥ [ NImma ] →
the smaller the surface ,
the
bigger
the stress value

¥i
Axial Transential

☒ impression
tension
shear

torque
21st 21
Sep
moment
Bending different
tensile normal stresses at
or
compressive
-

points of the section .

Part compressed shortened, part tensed extended .

a compression

' '
\
,

ii.____i
tension
 28th 21
Sep
STRUCTURES

The material used in construction depends on whatis available

in the area .

Vertical action that supports a wall:

life loads (
people etc )
gravity
cars
-
-

(with thenight slope and construction

weight snow water
go
down
- -

can
,
,
but snow
stays the
heavyweight)
-

External
factors (nature)
:

wind

earthquake
-

Various actions
affecting the walls :

=☒µ
load to the vertical structure
Applyingstakeout
"

: : :
'

in :

:
.

: :
'

:
:-.

bendingmoment-e.rs
the window structure
stopping
→

=¥ ¥E¥¥
structures
direction stop
supporting the structure
the
bending
due to
down
in the
the
upward
weight .
 gthod-21
FRAME STRUCTURES

j÷÷
spoof
→
/
the space distance between
* ¥
:*
to
a
pillar
☒Tz,
2-

pinpoints

# of pillars
the
bending
there is no

with
pinpoints during
compression.
 19thOct21
FLOORS

01.1
Definition
↳ FLOOR : Constructive element that covers a
space ,
and
normally
is suitable to

support loads on it .

weight
The
fundamental use
offloors is to
support their own

and other toads

walls and
,
transferring them to the
support elements generally,

pillars .

'

Afloor structural '

element thattransmits
secondary
is a

the loads structural elements the support falls pillars

'
to '

primary
:
, ,

beams,
frames etc )
 16thNov 21
CONNECTION WITH THE GROUND

C0NTEN

thermal - Thermal installation

energy
• •

•
Air - •
Renewal •
Thermalmass
•
Water •

/
DRY COOL solar control

[
.

sound •

Ventilation
•
Rainwater
Water in the
ground capillars
• - •

•
Water
vapours
- condensates •

runoffs
• water table

##¥¥
##¥#¥¥¥##¥I##t#¥#
CHARACTERISTICS

e
↳ Allowable stress

stress : relation between loadand area

6 =

FIS where :
of the material

É¥¥::÷÷÷ (N)
F =
load
 23rd Nov 21
THERMAL ENERGY

Thermal insulation ① D= ¥
thermal mass
⑤ c-
Cp
-

V
solar control
J AIR → Renewal
•
'

Mightiness
•

Ventilation ④ •

Drying

WATER → • Rainwater
•

groundwater
Ccapilority)

SOUND → •
Aerial (mass)
•

Impact (elastic)
 30th Nov21
EXCHANGE PARAMETERS

Thermal Air water sound

energy
•

Insulation °
""""
* ""
•

Liquid (rainfallgroundwater)
,
.

Impact(elastic
•
Thermal mass
•
Water
vapour ( )
condensation materials)
•
solar control •
Aerial (mass
)
•
Ventilation •
Reverberation
fabsorbtion)