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Aursh:
_risiktfbh phr:
\YLCK QÆKADIZ, Hnfr @irfrbh
QFGAIBH \HLGIQ, Jhkffk Jhsuig
QFKADIZ CKADI, Nc`uig Fgixfkbir
QFKRCF@H F\\CIRF, Guc``c @cfkpcir
6
<
_f
_frf
rf gh
ghss jñ
jñvi
viki
kiss qu
quii nföf
nföfkfkf
`uc
ucffræ
rækk gh
ghss bi
bisstc
tckh
khss bi gf pftrtrcf
cf y
nfistrhs bi kuistrf efaugtfb qucikis khs
ahkbuaik phr ig afnckh big
ahkhacncikth.
Qc
Qciinpr
prii fbi
bigf
gfkt
ktii `rf
rfaacf
cfss fg
fphyh bi kuistrhs efncgcfris.
CKBCAI
1
Ahktikcbh
CKR\HBYAACHK .......................................................................................................................9
Afpîtugh C.....................................................................................................................................0
EFGQCECAFACHK BI QIGGHQ, RCNL\IQ S NF\AFQ HECACFGIQ.......
..............
..............
......................0
...............0
Frtîaugh 212.- Eflrcafacñk h efgscecafacñk bi sigghs h tcnlris hecacfgis .......................................0
Fktiaibiktis...............................................................................................................................0
2
Qujith fatcvh..............................................................................................................................26
Qujith pfscvh.............................................................................................................................26
Afpîtugh CC.................................................................................................................................2<
BCQ_HQCACHKIQ AHNYKIQ.................................................................................................2<
Frtîaugh 214.- Efgsibfb `ikãrcaf...............................................................................................21
Ahkaipths prigcnckfris.............................................................................................................21
Lcik jurîbcah prhti`cbh..............................................................................................................23
Qujith fatcvh..............................................................................................................................9?
Qujith pfscvh.............................................................................................................................96
Nhbfgcbfbis tîpcafs...................................................................................................................9<
Rcpcacbfb suljitcvf....................................................................................................................92
Ahksunfacñk.............................................................................................................................92
Riktftcvf....................................................................................................................................92
_ikfgcbfb...................................................................................................................................92
F\RÎAYGH 214 F. Efgsibfb `ikãrcaf f`rfvfbf: ......................................................................99
@ikirfgcbfb...............................................................................................................................99
Lcik jurîbcah prhti`cbh..............................................................................................................95
Rcpcacbfb hljitcvf......................................................................................................................95
Rcpcacbfb suljitcvf....................................................................................................................90
Qujith fatcvh y sujith pfscvh .....................................................................................................90
Riktftcvf....................................................................................................................................90
_ikfgcbfb...................................................................................................................................90
F\RÎAYGH 213. EFL\CAFACÑK H RIKIKACF BI CKQR\YNIKRHQ _F\F
EFGQCECAF\: ...........................................................................................................................90
Ahkaipths prigcnckfris.............................................................................................................94
Qujith fatcvh..............................................................................................................................5<
Qujith pfscvh.............................................................................................................................52
Nhbfgcbfb tîpcaf........................................................................................................................52
Ehrnfs bi cnpireiatf fpgcafacñk...............................................................................................06
Rcph suljitcvh............................................................................................................................0<
AHKAGYQCHKIQ: ....................................................................................................................02
Qu`irikacfs:..............................................................................................................................09
\IEI\IKACFQ LCLGCH@\ÆECAFQ.......................................................................................05
9
CKR\HBYAACHK
Ghs bigcths qui ftfafk f gf «Ei _úlgcaf½ -ahnh lcik jurîbcah tutigfbh ik ig
nfrah bigcatcvh big Rîtugh TCT big A_, kh si f`htfk ik gfs efgsibfbis bhauniktfgis,
is biac
biacr,
r, ik fqui
fquigg
gghs
hs ckju
ckjust
sths
hs qui
qui tcik
tcikik
ik ah
ahnh
nh sh
shph
phrt
rtii nfti
nftirc
rcfg
fg f uk hl
hlji
jith
th
bhauniktfg, ik gf nibcbf, qui ig gi`csgfbhr df f`ri`fbh htrhs ahnphrtfncikths
tîpcahs -tfg viz bi uk ahktikcbh nikhr big ckjusth-, pirh kh phr iggh bi isafsf
rigivfkacf, khs rieircnhs f gfs nhbfgcbfbis bi «Efgscecafacñk bi sigghs, tcnlris y
nfrafs hecacfgis½.
5
Afpîtugh C
HECACFGIQ
hecacfgis
Fktiaibiktis
Ahnphrtfncikths ahnh ghs qui si `ghsfk ik ig Rîtugh TCT big A_, kh shk
ahkb
ahkbua
uaac
achk
hkis
is du
dunf
nfkf
kfss qu
quii riac
riacãk
ãk fp
fpfr
friz
izaf
afkk ik gf nhbi
nhbirk
rkcb
cbfb
fb h ik gf
ckstfurfacñk
ckstfurfacñk bi ghs ckacpciktis Istfbhs Kfachkfgis
Kfachkfgis,, sckh qui bftfk bi ãphaf nuy
phrr pfrti
ph pfrti bi ghs Ist
Istfb
fbhs,
hs, phr
phr gh qui
qui ik prcka
prckacpc
cpch,
h, gf fa
farcn
rcnckf
ckfac
acñk
ñk bi is
istfs
tfs
eui gf /ix Ahnigch tistfniktfrcf it kunfrcf, qui bispuãs si ahkhacñ ahnh /ix
GYACH AH\KIGCH QCGF (C 14-04 f.A), auyf cnphrtfkacf rfbcaf ik qui eui gf
lfsi
lfsi bi ahk
ahkscb
scbirf
irfach
achki
kiss bi ghs jur
jurcsp
cspirc
ircths
ths rhn
rhnfkh
fkhss y nibc
nibciv
ivfgi
fgiss pfrf
pfrf gf
gf fktc`
fktc`uf
uf
igflhrfacñk
igflhrfacñk ahkaiptufg bi gf efgsibfb y qui bch pci, ahk ig trfksaursh
trfksaursh big tcinph,
f su istruaturfacñk tãakcaf ik ghs añbc`hs big aiktrh bi Iurhpf big sc`gh TCT,
fb
fbin
inæs
æs bi si
sirr uk rie
rieiri
irikti
kti hlg
hlgc`f
c`fbh
bh df
dfstf
stf ghs tci
tcinp
nphs
hs qui ahrrik
ahrrik ik gf
gfss
bi uk `ru
`ruph
ph bi bigct
bigcths
hs auyh
auyh hljit
hljithh ah
ahnú
núkk pi
pirnc
rnctf
tf dhy uk
ukff ag
agfsc
fsceca
ecafa
facñk
cñk
scstinætcaf6?<3.
4
it c`kc qui, næs fbigfkti, quibñ risirvfbf pfrf gfs pirshkfs bi lfjf ahkbcacñk,
Ish sî, kh thbh shphrti nftircfg, qui ggivi cnprish gf ecrnf bi su futhr, is uk
ckvikacñk,
ckvikacñk, bi uk prhbuath ckviktcvh, uk nhbigh bi utcgcbfb, ita.= aufkbh fg`ucik
pikf
pikfgg ssii trfsgf
trfsgfbf
bf f gghs
hs bigct
bigcths
hs ckt
cktigi
igiat
atufg
ufgis
is h ahk
ahktrf
trf gf prhpci
prhpcibf
bfbb cckbu
kbustr
strcf
cfg.g.
Is bi virsi, qui gf ei púlgcaf, sñgh phbræ sir feiatfbf, fkti rigfachkis shacfgis
phrr pf
ph pfrti
rti bbii su gu`frt
gu`frtik
ikci
cikti
kti,, aibcã
aibcãkb
kbhgi
hgi iigg afr`f
afr`fni
nikth
kth bi brh`
brh`f,
f, kh
kh surti
surti iieia
eiath
th
fg`ukh= f gh næs, phbrîf sir inpgifbh ahnh ivcbikacf ik ukf ckvistc`facñk shlri
RCB.
Gf bieckcacñk bi gf «efgsibfb½
3
F pfrt
pfrtcr
cr bi gfs prcn
prcnirfs
irfs ahkaip
ahkaipachk
achkis
is tiñrcaf-a
tiñrcaf-ahkai
hkaiptuf
ptufgis,
gis, gh efgsh
efgsh irf
biag
biagfrf
frfacñ
acñkk qui
qui ahktr
ahktrfv
fvckc
ckcirf
irf bcadh
bcadh vf
vfghr
ghr ip
ipcst
cstin
inhgñ
hgñ`ca
`cah,
h, df
dflrî
lrîff bi si
sir
r
bhaunikth,
bhaunikth, bili bceirikacfrsi, su futiktca
futiktcacbfb
cbfb ahk gi`ctcncbfb,
gi`ctcncbfb, kh is gh ncsnh,
puib
puibii bbip
ipik
ikbi
birr bi qui
qui ssii dfyf
dfyf pri
prisi
siktf
ktfbh
bh uk ig
igin
inik
ikth
th fpf
fpfrik
riktin
tinik
ikti
ti bhtf
bhtfbh
bh bi
Ik ig prcnir afsh, dfy ukf cnctfacñk bi gf virbfb, pirh ahk gf pfgflrf virbfb
ig si`ukbh afsh, ik afnlch, lfjh ukf ehrnf f gf aufg ig biriadh fauirbf vfghr, ik
efgsh is ig bhaunikth ncsnh ik aufkth hljith big træecah, ik ig aufg aunpgi ukf
6?
qui shlri ãg riafc`f ukf faacñk sulsc`ucikti shlri gf ispiaci prcnctcvf i ckcacfg
pfrf
pfrf ahnuk
ahnukca
cafrg
frgii uk sir h nhbh bi si
sir,
r, bcs
bcstck
tckth
th fg qui tu
tuvci
vcirf
rf ik su ehrnf
ehrnfacñ
acñkk
hrc`ckfg.
`ikãrcah, qui vciki f f`rupfr thbfs fquiggfs ahkbuatfs qui ggivfk. Îksctf bcadf
prhpci
prhpcibf
bfbb ah`
ah`khs
khsact
actcvf
cvf,, ncik
nciktrf
trfss qqui
ui phr efg
efgsce
scecaf
cafacñ
acñkk si
si ddfa
faii fgus
fguscñk
cñk,, yyf,
f, fg fa
fath
th
prhai
prhaibi
bi bi gf pirsh
pirshkf
kf bi gf aufg
aufg si fecrnf
fecrnf qui prh
prhai
aibi
bi (h, ik ehrnf fg`h
fg`h næs
næs
prhai
prhaibi
bi bi gf prh
prhpcf
pcf pirs
pirshkf
hkf tik
tikbri
brinhs
nhs ukf bi
biagf
agfrf
rfacñ
acñkk "futã
"futãktc
ktcaf"
af",, ah
ahkk tht
thtfg
fg
66
prisa
prisackb
ckbik
ikacf
acf bi gf virbf
virbfbb h kh bi su ah
ahkti
ktikc
kcbh.
bh. Ykf
Ykf biagfr
biagfrfa
facñk
cñk kh is
fnpgîh
phrr ig gi`c
ph gi`csgf
sgfbh
bhrr y, qui, ria
riafy
fyik
ikbh
bh shlr
shlrii uk igini
iginikth
kth isika
isikacf
cfgg bi
bigg bhauni
bhaunikth
kth,,
istftfg, bhkbi gf pukcacñk istæ ahkbcachkfbf f qui bcadf faacñk thni gu`fr ahk gf
kiaisfrchs y fpths pfrf iggh, sck kiaiscbfb bi qui si trfti bi ukf prhbuaacñk f
`rfk isafgf, lfstf ahk qui si fbvcirtf ukf shgf ukcbfb, pfrf qui prhaibf gf
6<
Ik is
isti
ti afsh
afsh,, phr
phr gh tf
tfkth
kth,, gf faacñ
faacñkk pu
pukcl
kclgi
gi fl
flfra
fraff gf eflrca
eflrcafa
facñk
cñk big
ckstr
ckstrun
unik
ikth
th si
siggf
ggfbh
bhr,
r, ah
ahnh
nh diad
diadhh læ
læsca
scah.
h. Qu fp
fphsc
hscacñ
acñkk bi uk bh
bhau
auni
nikth
kth
bitirnckfbh is, phr gh tfkth, sñgh ig sîkthnf acirth bi gf ahncscñk big bigcth. _hr
fpgcafr uk siggh.
prcvfb
prcvfbhh h ik uk sh
shphr
phrti
ti nf
nftir
tircfg
cfg ck
ckcbñ
cbñki
kihh pfrf
pfrf phbir
phbir `iki
`ikirfr
rfr gfs
gfs ahks
ahksia
iaui
uika
kacfs
cfs
Ahkaipth bi sigghs
_hr «s
«sigg
iggh½
h½ dinhs
dinhs bi iktik
iktikbi
birr fq
fqui
uigg sc`kh
sc`kh ripris
riprisik
iktf
tftcv
tcvh,
h, qui vciki
vciki
bigg Is
bi Istf
tfbh
bh,, ahks
ahkscs
csti
tikt
ktii ik gfs
gfs frnf
frnfss bi gf \ipú
\ipúlg
lgca
caf,
f, ah
ahkk gh qu
quii si bf
61
ehrnfgcbfb.
utcgczfr pfrf faribctfr ig pf`h bi ukf tfsf y/h ahktrcluacñk= ahnh ig pf`h fg
ahrrih phstfg= shk fquigghs sînlhghs qui bfk phr vircecafbh ig pf`h bi uk acirth
ju
jubca
bcacfg
cfgis
is h fb
fbnck
nckcst
cstrft
rftcvf
cvfss pfrf
pfrf efa
efacgc
cgctfr
tfr ig pf
pf`h
`h bi gf
gfss rispi
rispiatc
atcvf
vfss tf
tfsfs
sfs..
Qujith fatcvh
Bi pgfkh si hlsirvf, qui futhr bi isti ckjusth pikfg puibi sir aufgqucir
pirsh
pirshkf
kf,, kh si
si ix
ixc`i
c`i uukf
kf auf
aufgcb
gcbfb
fb eu
euka
kachk
chkfg,
fg, bi
bi nfki
nfkirf
rf qui
qui ig f`i
f`ikti
kti,, puibi
puibi sir
sir
62
eukach
eukachkf
kfgg big
big diad
diadh,
h, puib
puibik
ik si
sirr rip
riputf
utfbhs
bhs ah
ahnh
nh ah
ahfu
futhr
thris
is,, scinp
scinpri
ri qui
Kh puib
puibii bisb
bisbiö
iöfrs
frsii ukf Fu
Futhr
thrîf
îf nibcf
nibcftf,
tf, bi qu
qucik
cik ckstru
ckstruni
niktf
ktfgcz
gczff fg
dhnlri bi ftræs, pfrf qui isti úgtcnh eflrcqui sigghs h tcnlris big Istfbh,
scinpri qui ig futhr cknibcfth hlri ahk ukf thtfg c`khrfkacf, suphkcikbh tfg viz,
isths sc`khs riprisiktftcvhs. Fsî tfnlcãk, aufkbh ig futhr cknibcfth -ig dhnlri
pfrf
pfrf qui efgsc
efgscecq
ecqui
ui sigghs
sigghs h tcn
tcnlri
lriss istf
istftfg
tfgis,
is, nibcf
nibcfkbh
kbh ukf
ukf priscñk
priscñk ps
psca
cahgñ
hgñ`ca
`caff
efgsc
efgsceca
ecafb
fbhs,
hs, dflræ
dflrækk bi ris
risphk
phkbi
birr f tît
tîtug
ughh bi pf
pfrtc
rtcacp
acpfa
facñk
cñk bi
bigca
gcatcv
tcvf,
f, ah
ahnh
nh
Qujith pfscvh
Istfb
Istfbh=
h= tfk
tfkth
th ik gh ah
ahka
kairk
irkcik
cikti
ti f gf ahkecf
ahkecflcg
lcgcbf
cbfbb qu
quii bi
bili
likk `i
`iki
kirfr
rfr ghs
ckstrunikths púlgcahs ahnh ig irfrch púlgcah qui puibi virsi feiatfbh aufkbh si
Nhbfgcbfb tîpcaf
nftircfg big bigcth= dfacãkbhsi fguscñk f «sigghs h tcnlris hecacfgis½. Qhk sigghs
heca
hecacf
cfgi
giss ghs
ghs ckst
ckstru
runi
nikt
kths
hs bi qui
qui gf fu
futh
thrc
rcbf
bfbb si sc
scrv
rvii ah
ahnh
nh sc`k
sc`khs
hs bi
bitirnckfbhs bhaunikths.
hljit
hljithh qui
qui næ
næss tfrbi
tfrbi pui
puibi
bi si
sirvc
rvcrr bi sh
shphr
phrti
ti pf
pfrf
rf gf pg
pgfsn
fsnfa
facñk
cñk bi uk
ukff
quciri biacr, qui uk fspiath is gf igflhrfacñk efgsfrcf big siggh hecacfg y htrf, gf
ah
ahkk gf futik
futiktca
tcacbf
cbfbb big
big bhau
bhaunik
nikth,
th, pub
pubcik
cikbh
bh ck`ris
ck`risfr
fr ik ah
ahka
kaurs
urshh ah
ahkk gf
65
Gf efl
eflrca
rcafac
facñk
ñk bi ghs si
siggh
gghs,
s, tcnlri
tcnlriss y is
istfn
tfnpcg
pcggfs
gfs hec
hecacf
acfgi
giss bi
bili
li is
istfr
tfr
risirvfbff f gf Fbnckcstrfacñk
risirvfb Fbnckcstrfacñk,, qui ijirai ik nhbh bi nhkhphgch. Ik gf biacscñk
tfsfs h airtcecafachkis bitirnckfbh phr ig Istfbh, quibfkbh euirf big tcph thbh
phrr gf faacñ
ph faacñkk bi efgsce
efgscecaf
cafrr di
dinhs
nhs bi bieck
bieckcrg
crgff ik
ik prck
prckacp
acpch
ch ahn
ahnhh uukf
kf cnctfa
cnctfacñk
cñk,, is
60
ahnh virbfbirhs, h pfrf scnugfr gf virbfb. Bisbi htrh æk`ugh, si fahtf qui phr
tcnlris qui justcecquik ig dflir diadh ieiatcvh ig cnpuisth shlri gfs gflhris big
nhtcvfbh, ahk gf eckfgcbfb bi qui bcadhs hljiths sifk inpgifbhs phr ig f`ikti h
phrr ti
ph tirai
rairfs
rfs pirsh
pirshkf
kfs=
s= sc ig prhpñ
prhpñsct
scthh ugt
ugtirc
irchr,
hr, is ki
kitfn
tfnik
ikti
ti frt
frtîst
îstca
caff h bi
phbi
phbirr pfs
pfsfr
fr ah
ahnh
nh uk sig
siggh
gh fu
futã
tãktc
ktcah
ah y, ffsî
sî pi
pirnc
rnctcr
tcr,, su ush
ush iei
ieiat
atcvh
cvh ik
ik ig træeca
træecahh
ju
jurîb
rîbcah
cah== bili
bili ahrrisp
ahrrisphkb
hkbir,
ir, phr tfkth,
tfkth, f ukf cnf
cnf`i
`ikk rifg
rifg qu
quii si bivigf
bivigf ik uk
64
phrqu
phrquii gf gi
giyy thnf ik aui
auiktf
ktf gf phs
phsclc
clcgcb
gcbfb
fb riprhb
riprhbua
uatcv
tcvf.
f. Is priacsh
priacsh bcstck
bcstck`u
`ucr,
cr,
phrr gh tfkth
ph tfkth,, gf efgsce
efgsceca
cafa
facñk
cñk big si
siggh
ggh hecacfg
hecacfg bi gf efgscec
efgscecaf
afacñ
acñkk bi ukf cnf`i
cnf`ikk
pirei
pireiat
atfn
fnikt
iktii ig si
siggh
ggh hec
hecacf
acfgg y, hhtrf
trf nu
nuyy bc
bcstc
stckt
ktf,
f, cka
ckaurr
urrcr
cr ik
ik ukf
ukf fgtir
fgtirfa
facñk
cñk bi gf
gf
ahkbuatf
ahkbuatf sñgh fpuktf f gf efgscecafacñk bi ghs hljiths qui si dfaik nikacñk ik gf
cnpriscñk big siggh, sckh gf big hljith ahk ig aufg si rifgczf: gh afstc`fbh is gf
efgscecafacñk
efgscecafacñk big ckstrunikth siggfbhr. Gf efgscecafacñk big siggh h tcnlri hecacfg, h
pirnc
pirnctf
tf f au
aufgq
fgquci
ucirr hlsi
hlsirvf
rvfbhr
bhr-ni
-nibch
bch y rfzhk
rfzhkfl
flgi-
gi-,, ah
ahkti
ktinpg
npgfrg
frghh ah
ahnh
nh uk
ukf ahkbuatf
ahkbuatf bi rigivfka
rigivfkacf
cf jurîb
jurîbcah-p
cah-pikf
ikfg,g, fg kh phsiir
phsiir fptctub
fptctub pfrf phbir
63
Gf efgsce
efgscecaf
cafac
acñk
ñk qui
qui thn
thnff gu`
gu`fr
fr ph
phrr cnctf
cnctfacñ
acñk,
k, cn
cnphr
phrtf
tf gf ar
arif
ifacñ
acñk,
k, gf
siggh h big tcnlri hecacfg bikhtf fgth thtfgnikti bcstckth, auyf nftircfgcbfb phbrîf
bfr gu`fr f htrhs bigcths (istfef), pirh kh gf efgsibfb, f gf qui dfai fguscñk gf
ribfaacñk khrnftcvf.
tfnlcãk virbfbirh) y, phr supuisth, tfnlcãk si ixagucræk big tcph gfs arifachkis
istfnpcggfs auyf efgsibfb df scbh bitirnckfbf phr pircacf tãakcaf, fsî ahnh big
fa
fatf
tf bi frquih
frquih,, si ahka
ahkaguy
guyii qui
qui ix
ixcst
cstik
ik sueca
suecaci
cikti
ktiss ig
igini
inikth
kthss hl
hljit
jitcvh
cvhss y
Efath
Efathrr cnp
cnphrt
hrtfk
fkti
ti ik gf ribfa
ribfaac
acñk
ñk khr
khrnf
nftcv
tcvf,
f, is qu
quii gf eflrca
eflrcafa
facñk
cñk y/h
<?
eflrcafacñk erfubugiktf h bi efgscecafacñk big hljith nftircfg big bigcth, sckh qui
föf
öfbbi uk igin
ginikth suljitc
jitcvh
vh,, fnãk bi pi
pikkfgcz
czffr úkc
kcaafnikt
ktii gh
ghss
ah
ahnp
nphrt
hrtfn
fncik
cikth
thss tîpcah
tîpcahss susa
susaip
iptcl
tclgis
gis bi prhvh
prhvhaf
afrr uk bföh
bföh ieiat
ieiatcvh
cvh f ghs
Bcadh
Bcadh gh fk
fktir
tirchr
chr si tci
tciki
ki,, qui gf eckfg
eckfgcbf
cbfbb bi utc
utcgcz
gczfr
fr ghs ckstru
ckstruni
nikth
kthss
púlgc
púlgcah
ahss -ef
-efgsc
gsceca
ecafb
fbhs
hs h eflrca
eflrcafb
fbhs
hs erfub
erfubugi
ugiktf
ktfnik
nikti
ti-,
-, pu
puib
ibii nfkce
nfkceis
istfr
tfrsi
si ah
ahkk
ukf ahkbuaacñk prhpcf big f`ikti efgscecafbhr h pfrf qui htrh gh df`f= sur`i fsî,
puib
puibii bfr
bfr gu`
gu`fr
fr f uk Ahk
Ahkau
aursh
rsh rifg bi bi
bigct
gcths,
hs, aufkbh
aufkbh qu
qucik
cik efgscec
efgscecaf
af ig siggh
siggh
phstu
phsturf
rf is
istrc
trcatf
atfnik
nikti
ti phsct
phsctcvc
cvcstf
stf,, kh df
dflrî
lrîff prhlgi
prhlginf
nf pf
pfrf
rf fb
fbnct
nctcr
cr bcadf
bcadf
rfzhkfl
rfzhkflcgcb
cgcbfb
fb y bi prhp
prhphrac
hrachkf
hkfgcbf
gcbfb,
b, bi fau
fauirbh
irbh f ukf hrciktfa
hrciktfacñk
cñk phgîtcaf
phgîtcaf
arcnckfg bi nîkcnf cktirvikacñk, phr gh qui gh ahrriath siræ pikfgczfr phr ukf
shgf bi iggfs. Næxcni, aufkbh ig f`ikti gh qui dfai is ahkaritczfr ghs prhpñscths
y istfnpcggfs hecacfgis.
<6
f`
f`ik
ikti
ti kc efl
eflrca
rcaff erf
erfubu
ubugi
giktf
ktfni
nikti
kti si
siggh
gghss hec
hecac
acfgi
fgiss h efg
efgsce
scecaf
caf tcnlri
tcnlriss h
Ig qui f sflcikbfs usfri, dcaciri usfr h puscirf ik viktf isths sigghs, tcnlris,
itaãtirf,, ckutcgczfb
itaãtirf ckutcgczfbhs
hs (...).
Is sflcbh, qui ukf viz qui ig pfrtcaugfr inpgih ig tcnlri hecacfg (pf`h bi ukf
tfsf h bi ukf ahktrcluacñk), bcadh ieiath pcirbi vfgcbiz, pfrf phbir sir usfbh bi
ehrnf ahksiautcvf, isth is, ukf viz inpgifbh ig ckstrunikth púlgcah, yf kh
puib
puibii ssir
ir hljit
hljithh bi utcgcz
utcgczfa
facñk
cñk phr ukf
ukf ssi`
i`ukb
ukbff viz
viz h bi
bi eehrn
hrnff ahks
ahksia
iautc
utcvf
vf ik
ik ig
ig
tcinph.
Qcikbh fsî, ig f`ikti tciki qui inprikbir ukf bitirnckfbf faacñk, bi dfair
vir f ghs ckstrunikths púlgcahs, ahnh sc euirfk kuivhs, pfrf iggh bili fgtirfr su
cktrîksiah ahktikcbh, v.`r., phr gh `ikirfg f ghs tcnlris si gis pcaf phr pfrti bi gf
<<
futhrcbfb púlgcaf, phr gh qui ig futhr bili ck`ikcærsigf pfrf qui bcadh hljith
ahtczfacñk iktri ecgftãgcahs, kh si istfrîf ahnitcikbh isti bigcth, sckh ukf istfef,
afsh bi sir puisth f gf viktf. F kuistrh iktikbir, istf nhbfgcbfb big ckjusth, pfrf
phbi
phbirr jus
justce
tceca
cafr
fr gf rif
rifaa
aacñk
cñk ppuk
ukctc
ctcvf,
vf, kkhh lfstf
lfstf ah
ahkk ckagu
ckagucr
cr ig prhp
prhpñsc
ñscth
th uugti
gtirch
rchr,
r, bi
qui ghs sc`khs riprisiktftcvhs hecacfgis sifk inpgifbhs ik ig træecah jurîbcah, sckh
usfbhs
Ig acraucth bigcatcvh bi gfs ahkbuatfs bi efgsibfb, ahnh si df tikcbh gf
hphrtukcbfb bi hlsirvfr ik ghs frtîaughs priaibiktis, kh sñgh tciki qui vir ahk gf
ahke
ahkeia
iaac
acñk
ñk,, ig
igfl
flhr
hrfa
facñ
cñk,
k, ef
eflr
lrca
cafa
facñ
cñk,
k, ef
efgs
gsce
ceca
cafa
facñ
cñkk bi
bigg hl
hlji
jith
th nf
nfti
tirc
rcfg
fg
<1
bi bcadhs ahnphrtfncikths.
_ukth cnphrtfkti f sflir, is qui puibi bfrsi gf dcpñtiscs qui sif ig ncsnh
f`ikti, qui eflrcañ erfubugiktfnikti h efgscecañ ghs sigghs, tcnlris h istfnpcggfs
hecacfgis-,
hecacfgis-, qucik f su viz ghs inpgii ik ahkaritfs rigfachkis shach-jurîbca
shach-jurîbcafs6132=
fs6132=
gh aufg,
aufg, ahn
ahnhh shstu
shstuvcn
vcnhs
hs,, phbrî
phbrîff trf
trfir
ir f ah
ahgfa
gfacñk
cñk bi fbn
fbncsc
cscñk
ñk bi ec`urf
ec`urfss
ahkaúrsfgis.
Fdhrf lcik, ik isti supuisth big ckjusth, bilinhs bcstck`ucr ahk agfrcbfb, gfs
bhs vfrcfktis tîpcafs qui puibik thnfr gu`fr: -prcnirh, aufkbh si inpgif ahnh
is, phrtfbhris bi vfgcbiz ik ig træecah jurîbcah, phr gh qui utcgczfr uk siggh hecacfg
pritã
pritãrct
rcth,
h, afri
afrikti
kti bi vc`
vc`ik
ikacf
acf,, kh suph
suphkb
kbræ
ræ gf ah
ahkec
kec`ur
`urfa
facñk
cñk bi is
istf
tf nhbfgcb
nhbfgcbfb
fb
Istfef.
<2
istftfg, bili nhstrfr ukf scnlhgczfacñk ahk suecacikti cbhkicbfb y/h fptctub, pfrf
phbi
phbirr `iki
`ikirfr
rfr ukf cnf
cnf`i
`ikk bi futik
futiktca
tcacbf
cbfbb fk
fkti
ti ig pú
púlgc
lgcah
ah,, phr gh qui bili
bili
bisbiöfrsi
bisbiöfrsi gf utcgczfacñk bi tcnlris h sigghs hecacfgis, auyf efgscecafacñk is lurbf
sc`kh riprisiktftcvh hecacfg, ahnh sc ãsti euirf futãktcah, phr gh qui bcadf
_frf qui phbfnhs bfr phr rifgczfbf istf nhbfgcbfb tîpcaf, kh lfstf gf tikikacf
siggh efgsh, ik ukf ahkaritf rigfacñk jurîbcaf= v.`r., aufkbh ig futhr, prisiktf ukf
ghs pf`hs bi acirths trcluths (tfsfs) h aufkbh, istfnpf gf istfnpcggf hecacfg efgsf
ik ukf ahnukcafacñk.
nhbfgcbfb big ckjusth tîpcah, lfstf ahk dfair khtfr qui gf utcgczfacñk tîpcaf dflræ
qui ahkscstcr ik sirvcrsi bi tfgis hljiths pfrf ghs eckis h eukachkis pfrf ghs qui
<9
gh efgscecañ is qucik tciki ig bhnckch big diadh, bfkbh gu`fr f ukf futhrîf
nibcftf.
Gf htrf vfrcfkti bi istf nhbfgcbfb big ckjusth, cnphrtf utcgczfr sigghs h tcnlris
hecacfgis, ahnh vægcbhs, aufkbh yf dfk scbh usfbhs= lfjh istf dcpñtiscs, kh
_frf qui puibf ahkaritczfrsi istf vfrcfkti tîpcaf, privcfnikti bili dflirsi
siggh hecacfg), qui yf dfk scbh usfbhs, pfrf dfairghs pfsfr ik ig træecah, ahnh sî
sc`kh riprisiktftcvh, cnphrtfkbh qui afbf f`ikti bilf risphkbir phr su prhpch
ckjusth.
sif ig ncsnh f`ikti, qui fbugtirñ ig tcnlri hecacfg futãktcah, qucik gui`h gh
istf nhbfgcbfb, ig inpgih bi uk siggh qui dfyf sirvcbh= pirh qui phr bisaucbh u
træecah jurîbcah.
phbi
phbirr sir inp
inpgif
gifbh
bh ik ig træ
træeca
ecahh jurî
jurîbca
bcah.
h. Qcikb
Qcikbhh fsî, kh risug
risugtf
tf efa
efatcl
tclgi
gi fbnctc
fbnctcr
r
uk bigcth tiktfbh.
Gf tirairf nhbfgcbfb big ckjusth, ahnphrtf bfr f ghs sigghs h tcnlris hecacfgis
riquciri ukf faacñk nftircfg tikbcikti f fgtirfr gf cnf`ik bisarcptcvf big hljith
nftircfg, ikafnckfbf f dfair pfsfr fg siggh ahnh sc euirf kuivh, f pisfr bi dflir
big sc`k
sc`khh riprisi
riprisiktft
ktftcvh,
cvh, pfrf cbiktcec
cbiktcecafr
afr su risp
rispiat
iatcvf
cvf ahksunf
ahksunfacñk
acñk,, næs sî
fbvirtcr ivcbikacfs qui isi sif ig prhpñscth qui nhtcvf gf fatufacñk tîpcaf big
f`ikti.
efgscecafbh (h ahnh vægcbhs), ghs qui yf dfk scbh usfbhs= gf pireiaacñk bigcatcvf
inpg
inpgif
if ah
ahka
kari
ritf
tfni
nikt
ktii fkti
fkti gf Fb
Fbnc
nckc
kcst
strf
rfac
acñk
ñk ig sînl
sînlhg
hghh he
heca
cacf
cfgg ik uk
bhaunikth.
bhaunikth. Lfjh tfg iktikbcncikth, gf ahksunfacñk kh istæ ahkbcachkfbf,
ahkbcachkfbf, f qui
tfkth, su inpgih.
<4
Cnphrtfk
Cnphrtfk ec`urfs bi ahksunf
ahksunfacñk
acñk ckstfkt
ckstfktæki
ækif,
f, bi nfkirf,
nfkirf, qui kh puibi
puibi
pærrf
pærrfeh
eh big frtîau
frtîaugh
gh 212¿ big A_, ist
istææ ahkb
ahkbcac
cachk
hkfb
fbff fg bhgh big f`ikt
f`ikti,
i, isth is,
eflrcaf
eflrcafacñk
acñk erfubugi
erfubugiktf
ktf h f gf efgs
efgscecaf
cecafacñk
acñk bi sigghs,
sigghs, tcnl
tcnlris
ris h istfnpcg
istfnpcggfs
gfs
hecacfgis,, f pisfr bi sflir qui gf prcnirf fatcvcbfb istæ risirvfbf fg Istfbh y qui
hecacfgis
is
istæ
tæ dfac
dfacikb
ikbhh pfsf
pfsfrr ahnh
ahnh futãk
futãktca
tcahh uk sc`
sc`kh
kh ripri
riprisik
siktft
tftcvh
cvh qui cnctf
cnctf fg
dfai
dfairg
rghh pfsf
pfsfrr ah
ahnh
nh ku
kuiv
ivh,
h, au
aufk
fkbh
bh si sf
sfli
li qu
quii yf eu
euii usfb
usfbhh fk
fkti
ti gf
Fbnckcstrfacñk.
big tcph pikfg= iktri ãsths bi qui istæ eflrcafkbh uk siggh qui is bi afræatir
phah
phah bce
bceîac
îacgg ggff ffbnc
bncscñ
scñkk bbii uk
uk I
Irrh
rrhrr bbii R
Rcp
cph.
h.
<3
is: «bi inpgifrghs h dfair qui ghs inpgiik htrfs pirshkfs h ig qui bf f bcadhs
kuivfnikti½=
kuivfnikti½= gh qui sc`kcecaf, qui gf eflrcafacñk, efgscecafacñk h fbugtirfacñk big
sc`kh riprisiktftcvh
riprisiktftcvh istftfg futãktcah, dfk bi ikafnckfrsi f qui bcadhs sînlhghs
sifk inpgifbhs bi ehrnf ieiatcvf ik ig træecah jurîbcah, sif pfrf ukf utcgczfacñk
pirsh
pirshkf
kfgg h pfrf
pfrf qui gh utc
utcgca
gcaik
ik htr
htrhs.
hs.
Ik ig afsh bi gfs nhbfgcbfbis tîpcaf big ush big siggh h tcnlri efgscecafbh (h
ahnh vægcbhs), ghs qui yf dfk scbh usfbhs, lfstf ahk ig bhgh big f`ikti,
ah
ahka
kaci
cika
kacf
cf y vhguk
vhguktfb
tfb bi rif
rifgcz
gczfa
facñk
cñk tîp
tîpcaf
caf.. Ig futhr
futhr bi
bili
li sflir
sflir qu
quii is
istæ
tæ
pfrf
pfrf dfa
dfairg
irghh pf
pfsf
sfrr ah
ahnh
nh kkui
uivh
vh== ph
phrr tf
tfgis
gis nht
nhtcvh
cvhs,
s, ggff fa
farcn
rcnckf
ckfacñ
acñkk si cka
ckagck
gckff phr
phr
gf prcnirf nhbfgcbfb.
1?
ahnprikbcbh ik ig bhgh.
• _fgflrfs h ah
ahnlckfacñk
nlckfacñk bi p
pfgflrfs
fgflrfs (Ijinpgh: FL\CG, GF NY\FGGF)
NY\FGGF)==
• Cnæ`
Cnæ`ikis
ikis,, e`urfs
e`urfs,, sînlhghs
sînlhghs,, `ræeahs
`ræeahs,, gh`hph
gh`hphs,
s, nhkh`rf
nhkh`rfnfs,
nfs, rit
ritrfth
rfths,
s,
• Hghr
Hghris
is (Iji
(Ijinpgh:
npgh: Hghr bi uk piru
piruni)=
ni)=
16
• Gitr
Gitrfs
fs y kúni
kúnirhs
rhs (Ij
(Ijinpg
inpgh:
h: 6349, F
FQP)=
QP)= • Y
Yk
k ahghr bi
bigcnct
gcnctfbh
fbh phr ukf
• Aufgqucir ahn
ahnlckfacñk
lckfacñk bi ghs sc`khs h nib
nibchs
chs ckbcafbhs iik
k ghs
fpfrtfbhs fktirchris.
pirti
pirtiki
kiaci
acikti
ktiss fg istf
istfbh
bh y phr
phr gh ttfk
fkth
th vvfk
fk f is
istf
tfrr prhti`
prhti`cbh
cbhss phr
phr is
isti
ti frtî
frtîau
augh
gh big
big
añbc`h pikfg.
Ahktrfsiöfs hecacfgis
scsti
scstinf
nfss cke
ckehrn
hrnætc
ætcah
ahss qui
qui nf
nfki
kijf
jf ig is
istfb
tfbh,
h, sh
shlri
lri thbh
thbh ik is
istf
tf ãp
ãpha
haff bi
bc`ctfgczfacñk
bc`ctfgczfacñk big istfbh, yf sifk phr nib
nibch
ch bi gfs pæ`ckfs wil hecacfgis
hecacfgis ,phr
ijin
ijinpg
pghh ph
phbi
binh
nhss df
dflg
lgfr
fr bi
bigg QIFA
QIFAI
I , qu
quii ah
ahnh
nh sf
sfli
linh
nhss is ig sc
scst
stin
inff
ahktrfsiöfs ispiacfgis qui dfai ckvugkirflgi isti scstinf, phr gh tfkth isti
ahktrfsiöfs. Isti ahkaipth tciki rigfacñk ahk gf giy Kº 1??35 ‑ Giy bi bigcths
ckehrnætcahs.
1<
Uirlhs riahris
• Eflrcafacñk: ahkei
ahkeiaa
aacñk
cñk h igfl
igflhrf
hrfac
acñk
ñk bi uk prhbu
prhbuath
ath f pfrtcr
pfrtcr bi gf
ahnlckf
ahnlckfacñk
acñk bi sus ahnphkikti
ahnphkiktis,
s, ispi
ispiacfg
acfgnikt
niktii ik sirci
sirci y phr nibch
nibch
niaækcahs.
Qujith fatcvh
puib
puibii sir au
aufgq
fgquci
ucirr pirsh
pirshkf
kf,, pfrf
pfrf si
sirr fu
futhr
thr kh si ki
kiai
aisct
sctff hstik
hstiktfr
tfr ukf
bitirnc
bitirnckfb
kfbff auf
aufgcbf
gcbfbb isp
ispiacf
iacfg,g, bi nfkirf
nfkirf qui cnphrtf
cnphrtf gf ahkec`ur
ahkec`urfac
facñk
ñk bi
ænlcths gclris bi hr`fkczfacñk pirshkfg.
ukf
ukf acrau
acrauks
kstfk
tfkacf
acf f`rfv
f`rfvfk
fkti,
ti, ah
ahnh
nh si bi
bivig
vigff ik gfs dcp
dcpñti
ñtiscs
scs bi
bigca
gcatcv
tcvfs
fs bi
efgsibfb bhauniktfg.
11
Vucikis ahnpfrtik
ahnpfrtik tfrifs, nibcfkbh gf cbif bi gf bcvcscñk bi rhgis y, f su viz
f tîtugh bi ahfuthris, scinpri qui ig diadh -ahnh ukcbfb-, puibf sir ftrclucbh f
Kh puib
puibii bisaf
bisafrtf
rtfrsi
rsi fq
fqui
uigg suai
suaish,
sh, ik vcrtub
vcrtub bi
bigg au
aufg,
fg, qucik
qucik ijiaut
ijiautff
ehrnfgnikti ig tcph pikfg (futhr cknibcfth) -phr hlrf y vhguktfb bi htrh sujith-,
Ckstc
Ckstc`f
`fbh
bhr=
r= qucik
qucikis
is sñg
sñghh si haup
haupfk
fk bi prhvi
prhviir
ir f ghs fu
futhr
thris
is,, bi cksun
cksunhs,
hs,
prhbuath
prhbuathss y htrhs
htrhs,, pfrf
pfrf qui pui
puibfk
bfk eflrca
eflrcafr
fr h efg
efgsce
scecaf
cafrr gfs ah
ahktr
ktrfs
fsiö
iöfs
fs,,
risphkbiræk
risphkbi ræk f tîtugh bi pfrtcacpfa
pfrtcacpfacñk
cñk bigcatcvf (ahnpgcacbfb), scinpri qui fatúik
ahk bhgh, kh sñgh ik gh ahkairkcikti fg hljith nftircfg, sckh tfnlcãk ahk rispiath
f su bistckh.
Qujith pfscvh
12
Qiræ
Qiræ ik bi
biec
eckc
kctc
tcvf
vf ig Is
Istf
tfbh
bh,, ah
ahnh
nh tc
tctu
tugf
gfrr bi th
thbh
bhss gh
ghss sî
sînl
nlhg
hghs
hs
tirairhs cktirisfbhs.
Nhbfgcbfb tîpcaf
pfrf
pfrf vcs
vcsfr
frghs
ghs bi gi`
gi`ctc
ctcncb
ncbfb
fb,, vfgcb
vfgcbiz
iz y trf
trfks
kspf
pfrik
rikac
acf=
f= pf
pfrf
rf igg
igghh bi
bili
li inpgi
inpgifr
fr
Gf gi`ctcncbfb bi ghs faths qui ijiautfk y/h bisfrrhggfk ghs eukachkfrchs
púlgc
púlgcah
ahss ik ig iijir
jiraca
acach
ch bi ssuu fa
fatcv
tcvcbf
cbfbb eukach
eukachkf
kfrcf
rcfg,g, kh sñgh
sñgh si
si ahrris
ahrrisph
phkbi
kbi ahk
ahk
nfkc
nfkcec
ecis
istf
tfkk ac
acir
irtf
tfss ehrn
ehrnfg
fgcb
cbfb
fbis
is ki
kiai
aisf
sfrc
rcfs
fs pf
pfrf
rf gf ah
ahks
ksir
irvf
vfac
acñk
ñk bi
19
pgikf
pgikf cbi
cbiktc
ktceca
ecafa
facñk
cñk big
big hljit
hljith,
h, big
big ris
risug
ugtfb
tfbhh bi uk ix
ixfn
fnik
ik (prha
(prhaish
ish bi
iv
ivfg
fguf
ufacñ
acñk)
k) h ahktr
ahktrftf
ftfac
achki
hkiss púlgc
púlgcah
ah-fb
-fbnck
nckcst
cstrft
rftcvf
cvfss (ah
(ahka
kais
ischk
chkis)
is),, gf
big
big NCK
NCKQF
QF (BC
(BC@IN
@INCB)
CB)-,
-, si ika
ikafr`
fr`ff bi ix
ixpi
pibcr
bcr ghs ri`cst
ri`cstrhs
rhs sf
sfkct
kctfrc
frchs
hs f
khrnf
khrnftcv
tcvhs
hs (fbnck
(fbnckcst
cstrft
rftcvh
cvhs,
s, trclut
trclutfrc
frchs,
hs, ita.),
ita.), fs
fsîî ah
ahnh
nh gh ah
ahgha
ghafa
facñk
cñk bi
púlgc
púlgcaf
afs.
s. Is pri
priacs
acsfn
fnik
ikti,
ti, bc
bcad
adff cbi
cbiktc
ktceca
ecafac
facñk
ñk hecacf
hecacfgg bisarcp
bisarcptcv
tcvf,
f, qui `frf
`frfktc
ktczf
zf
_hr htrh gfbh, tikinhs uk ahktrhg fbufkirh, ik gfs zhkfs bi erhktirf y htrhs
airtcecafacñk nfrafrîf, fsî ahnh htrhs qui shk biahncsfbhs, fg rivigfr ukf
prhai
prhaibi
bika
kacf
cf cgîact
cgîactf.
f.
15
biria
biriadhs
dhs sulji
suljitcv
tcvhs
hs bi ghs pfrtc
pfrtcau
augf
gfris
ris (fb
(fbnck
nckcst
cstrfb
rfbhs)
hs),, thn
thnfk
fkbh
bh gu`fr
gu`fr
ckafutfachkis, inlfr`hs, ita., bhkbi ghs hljiths shk hljith bi austhbcf phr pfrti
bi gf futh
futhrc
rcbf
bfb.
b. Is ik tfg
tfg nã
nãrc
rcth
th,, qu
quii fq
fquã
uãgg
gghs
hs df
dfkk bi si
sirr bi
bilc
lcbf
bfni
nikt
ktii
ahksirvfbhs -phr eckis bi bcvirsf îkbhgi-, pfrf gh aufg gfs afjfs shk gfarfbfs ahk
Ahnh lcik fpuktf _IÖF AFL\I\F, ig Istfbh tciki ahnh ncscñk fsi`urfr
sf
sfkct
kctfrc
frchh h ck
ckbus
bustrc
trcfg
fg qui
qui bili
bilikk ti
tiki
kirr ghs fg
fgcni
cnikth
kth y nibca
nibcafni
fnikth
kthss h gf
futhrcz
futhrczfacñ
facñkk big Ckst
Ckstctut
ctuthh bi khrnfs
khrnfs tãak
tãakcafs
cafs (CRCKRIA)
(CRCKRIA) qui riquciri
riqucirikk ghs
ckstrunikths qui utcgczf gf ckbustrcf, thbh iggh ik lusaf bi si`urcbfb y lcikistfr
bi ghs acubfbfkhs.
puib
puibff ehr
ehrnu
nugfr
gfr su dcp
dcpñti
ñtiscs
scs pri
prigcn
gcnckf
ckfrr bi
bi ccnpu
nputf
tfacñ
acñkk big
bigcat
catcvf
cvf== iikk ttfg
fg nirai
niraib,
b, ghs
hljiths, ckstrunikths y htrhs, qui si riahjfk ik gf isaikf big arcnik, bilik sir
pfrf
pfrf phbi
phbirr `frfk
`frfktcz
tczfr
fr su vfghr
vfghr prh
prhlf
lfthr
thrch.
ch. _h
_hrr ah
ahks
ksc`u
c`ucik
cikti,
ti, ik gh qu
quii si
10
gfs iktcbfbis istftfgis ahnpitiktis, gfs aufgis ghs vcsfk bi vfgcbiz y f su viz ghs
risirvfbfs
risirvfbfs gi`fgnikti ik ixaguscvf fg Istfbh, fsî ahnh gf vfgcbiz bi gfs bcvirsfs
_F\IBIQ CKEFKZÑK,
CKEFKZÑK, fkhtf qui ig bigcth fkfgczfbh,
fkfgczfbh, fg rieircrsi f nfrafs y
_hr htrh gfbh, risugtf cnphrtfkti ecjfr ukf bcstckacñk vfghrftcvf, iktri isti
ahksirvfacñk i cbiktcbfb big hljith= scikbh qui nciktrfs ig prcnirh, cnpgcaf ukf
Fbn
bnck
ckcs
cstr
trffac
acñk
ñk _ú
_úlg
lgca
caf,
f, ik au
aufk
fkth
th f gh
ghss ec
ecki
kiss bi gh
ghss pr
prha
haib
ibcn
cnci
cikt
kths
hs
ah
ah`k
`khsa
hsactc
ctcvh
vhss (nibch
(nibchss bi pru
pruil
ilf).
f). Qi`
Qi`uk
ukbh,
bh, gh næs
næs cnp
cnphrt
hrtfk
fkti,
ti, is qu
quii gf
nftircfgcbfb tîpcaf big frtîaugh 219¿ big A_, ahkscsti ik efgscecafr nfrafs h
ahktrfsiöfs hecacfgis= phr su pfrti gf nftircfgcbfb tîpcaf big frtîaugh 10?¿ {ck
ecki), thnf gu`fr f trfvãs bi faths bi bistruaacñk h bi frrfkafncikth bi gfs
14
uk hljith.
bi gf fu
futh
thrc
rcbf
bfb,
b, ik afnl
afnlch
ch,, gf prcn
prcnir
irff bi gf
gfss nika
nikach
chkf
kfbf
bfss tc
tcik
ikii [i vi
vir
r
big bigcth.
hljit
hljith,
h, ni
nibcf
bcfkbh
kbh gf ahks
ahksc`k
c`kfa
facñk
cñk bi uk
ukff bi
bisa
sarcp
rcpacñ
acñkk `ræeca
`ræecaff ik ac
acirt
irtfs
fs
hphrt
hphrtuk
ukcbf
cbfbi
biss gf Fbnckc
Fbnckcstr
strfa
facñ
cñkk ah
ahgha
ghaff fv
fvcsh
cshs,
s, ah
ahnh
nh,, prh
prhdcl
dclcbh
cbh pf
pfsfr
sfr h
prhdcl
prhdclcbf
cbf ssuu nfkcpu
nfkcpugfa
gfacñk
cñk.. Ghs hl
hljit
jiths
hs ah
ahnu
nuki
kis,
s, bcai
bcai A\IY
A\IYQ,
Q, shk
shk gfs n
nfra
frafs
fs,,
pfrf
pfrf bcs
bcstck
tck`u
`ucr
cr ukf ah
ahsf
sf biti
bitirnc
rnckf
kfbf
bf..
13
sigghs itaãtirf. \hbhgeh Nhrikh si rieciri f ghs sigghs puisths phr eukachkfrchs
big Nckcstirch bi F`rcaugturf f gfs tiscs qui ckspiaacñk bi ghs erc`hrîecahs- ghs qui
pfîs.
pfîs. Kh ssii puib
puibii bi
bijfr
jfr bbii ni
nika
kachk
chkfrs
frsii gfs nfraf
nfrafss h ahktr
ahktrfsi
fsiöfs
öfs qu
quii si ahg
ahghaf
hafkk
sfkctfrch ghs qui si istfnpflfk ik gfs rivcschkis tãakcafs bi ghs vidîaughs df scbh
bigca
bigcatcv
tcvhh ahk
ahk gf ec`
ec`urf
urf bigca
bigcatcv
tcvff ah
ahkti
ktinp
npgfb
gfbff ik ig frt
frtîa
îaugh
ugh<4
<44¿
4¿ bi
bigg A_ -
Ahniracfgczfacñk h træecah bi prhbuaths khacvhs, bhkbi gf efgscecafacñk bi gf
nfraf hecacfg ahkstctuyi ig nibch phr ig aufg si vfgi ig f`ikti pfrf rivistcr bi
is
ispi
piaîe
aîeca
cafs
fs bi uk siggh
siggh hec
hecacf
acfg,g, qui,
qui, ph
phrr su pf
pfrtc
rtcaug
augfrc
frcbf
bfbb bi
bisa
sarcp
rcptcv
tcvf,
f, shk
shk
utcgczfbhss ik bitirnckfbhs
utcgczfbh bitirnckfbhs faths hecacfgis. Ckeirikacf qui kh puibi bisafrtfr qui
frtîaugh 212¿ big A_, ik tfkth eflrcaf sigghs hecacfgis y f su viz nfrafs hecacfgis.
siræk hljiths tîpcahs, sckh gfs qui si usfrik "ik gfs hecackfs púlgcafs h phr
ah
ahktr
ktrfs
fsiö
iöfs
fs hec
hecacf
acfgis
gis,, dfk
dfk bi bivi
bivigfr
gfr uk eck bi
bitir
tirnck
nckfb
fbh:
h: dfair
dfair ah
ahkst
kstfr
fr ig
cbiktcbfb bi uk hljith.
istflgizaf sus afrfatiris `ræecahs ahnh bi ukf ahstunlri gi`fg. Ik isti siktcbh,
lfstf
lfstf qui
qui gf
gfss giy
giyis
is h ri`gf
ri`gfnik
nikths
ths istf
istflgi
lgiza
zafk
fk gf euka
eukacñk
cñk cbi
cbiktc
ktceca
ecafb
fbhrf
hrf bi
bi fg`úk
fg`úk
pfrf
pfrf ij
ijia
iautf
utfrr bcad
bcadff fatc
fatcvcb
vcbfb
fb,, gf
gf rif
rifgcz
gczff iikk eerfk
rfkaf
af ah
ahktr
ktrfv
fvik
ikacñ
acñkk f gf kh
khrnf
rnftcv
tcvcbf
cbfbb
erfubugiktf,
erfubugiktf, priacsfnikti bcadf afrfatirczfacñk thnf gu`fr aufkbh si nfkcecistf
nfkcecistf
föfbcr, qui bcadf eflrcafacñk siræ úkcafnikti tîpcaf, aufkbh si ikafncki f ghs
hljith.
gf futhrcbfb istftfg= f su viz, bili nhstrfr uk sc`kh cbñkih y/h fpth bi phbir
pfsf
pfsfrr ahnh ukh fu
futã
tãktc
ktcah
ah,, is biac
biacr,
r, sc fqui
fquiggf
ggf ahkei
ahkeiaa
aacñk
cñk is lurbf
lurbf h ckhauf
ckhauf,, gf
Is bi virsi tfnlcãk, qui gfs nfrafs h ahktrfsiöfs dfk bi sir vægcbfs, sc ãstfs
ixfnik-.
fbiaufacñk tîpcaf big ahnphrtfncikth, sck bieiath, qui f pfrtcr bi su ush ik gfs
ahsf qui dfy qui ahktrfstfr, ckbcvcbufgczfr h airtcecafr. _ukth cnphrtfkti f sflir,
sir nhstrfbh ahnh ukf nfraf h ahktrfsiöf futãktcaf y, fsî pirnctcr, su ush
`ræecaf rifg, puis sc si cnctf ukf nfraf h ahktrfsiöf hecacfg ckixcstikti, qui ig
Istfbh kh inpgif pfrf bfr cbiktcecafr acirths hljiths, kh si bfræ ig tcph pikfg -ck
ixfncki-.
2<
pirnc
pirncsh
sh h gf ccbi
biktc
ktcbf
bfbb bi uk hlji
hljith
th== sc iigg hl
hljit
jitcvh
cvh qu
quii ig f`
f`ik
ikti
ti gi
gi prit
pritik
ikbi
bi bfr
bfr f
vhafacñk
vhafacñk frtîstcaf, kh si bfræ gf tcpcacbfb hljitcvf ik auistcñk, sck inlfr`h, ik ig
prcnir
prcnir sup
supui
uisth
sth,, sc iiss qu
quii si vvirc
irceca
ecaff bc
bcad
adff fatcv
fatcvcbf
cbfbb ik ig
ig træeca
træecah,
h, gf fb
fbia
iaufa
ufacñk
cñk
pf`h
pf`h bi ukf
ukf tf
tfsf
sf h cnpui
cnpuisth
sth,, gf fbia
fbiauf
ufac
acñk
ñk tîp
tîpcaf
caf si sujit
sujitff f ghs ah
ahkth
kthrkh
rkhss
\ik`
\ik`gñ
gñkk si
si`u
`ucb
cbh,
h, bi
bili
li pria
priacs
csfr
frsi
si qu
quii gh
ghss bi
bist
stck
ckhs
hs -b
-bii gf
gfss nfra
nfrafs
fs h
Fbnckcstrfacñk
Fbnckcstrfacñk _úlgcaf= h tfnlcãk
tfnlcãk,, ghs ixæniki
ixænikiss (pruilfs), f qui shk shnitcbfs
gf ahktr
ahktrfs
fsiö
iöf,
f, prh
prhai
aibi
bi f gf ckb
ckbcvc
cvcbu
bufgc
fgczf
zfacñ
acñkk i cbiktc
cbiktceca
ecafa
facñk
cñk bi
bigg hljit
hljith,
h,
ah
ahks
ksc`k
c`kfb
fbhh su cktrîk
cktrîksi
siaf
af kftur
kfturfg
fgiz
izf=
f= v.
v.`r.
`r.,, lciki
lcikiss inlfr`
inlfr`f-b
f-bhs
hs,, hljith
hljithss
biahncsfbhs,
biahncsfbhs, ckstrunikths bi eui`h, prhbuaths bi prhaibi
prhaibikacf
kacf big ahktrflfkbh,
ahktrflfkbh,
hljith y kh htrh.
efgscecaf gfs nfrafs h ahktrfsiöfs hecacfgis, sckh qui gfs inpgif ik ig træecah
ju
jurîb
rîbcah
cah,, ahn
ahnhh sscc eeui
uirfk
rfk fu
futã
tãktc
ktcafs
afs..
fr
frtîa
tîaugh
ugh 219¿
219¿ big
big A_= qui,
qui, sc lcik
lcik si ika
ikauik
uiktrf
trfkk ah
ahkia
kiatfb
tfbfs,
fs, kh phr ig
iggh,
gh,
bisafrtfrsi bi pgfkh, qui sif ig ncsnh f`ikti, qucik efgscecaf gfs nfrafs hecacfgis
y gui`
gui`hh gfs
gfs us
usff ik ig træe
træeca
cahh jurî
jurîbc
bcah
ah== næ
næxc
xcni
ni,, au
aufk
fkbh
bh gf ec
eckf
kfgc
gcbf
bfbb ik gf
22
nhbf
nhbfgcb
gcbfb
fb bi utcgcz
utcgczfa
facñk
cñk kh kiai
kiaisf
sfrcf
rcfnik
nikti
ti tci
tciki
ki qui si
sirr fg
fg`uk
`ukff bi gfs
Ik pfgf
pfgflr
lrfs
fs bi QH
QHGIGI\,
\, ig bi
bigc
gcth
th tf
tfnl
nlcã
cãkk pu
puib
ibii sir
sir ah
ahni
nitc
tcbh
bh kh yf
efgscecafkbh gf nfraf, ahktrfsiöf h ecrnf, sckh fpgcafkbh ishs sc`khs futãktcahs
ahrrisphkbirsi ecignikti fg fspiath hljitcvh, isth quciri biacr, qui ig futhr bili
bubf-, qui gfs nfrafs h ahktrfsiöfs qui istæ ahghafkbh f uk hljith, shk
i cbñkifs pfrf sir inpgifbfs ik ig træecah jurîbcah, bi kh sir fsî istfrinhs fkti
phscl
phsclgi
gi fb
fbnct
nctcr
cr gf ph
phscl
sclcgc
cgcbf
bfbb bi uk bbigc
igcth
th ti
tiktf
ktfbh
bh.. F ieiath
ieiath bi
bi bfr
bfr phr fecr
fecrnf
nfbf
bf
29
Gf shgf
shgf ti
tikik
kikac
acff big
big hlj
hljit
ithh nf
nftir
tircfg
cfg,, si ika
ikauik
uiktrf
trf euirf
euirf bi
bigg ænlct
ænlcthh bi
prhtia
prhtiaacñ
acñkk bi gf khrnf
khrnf,, phr
phrtf
tfgis
gis nh
nhtcv
tcvhs
hs,, kh piksf
piksfnh
nhss ahr
ahrri
riath
ath,, fb
fbnct
nctcr
cr qu
quii
219¿ big A_-, si ikauiktrf supibctfbf fg bhgh big f`ikti, isth is, ahkacikacf y
bcadfs
bcadfs fat
fatcvcbf
cvcbfbis
bis si ikauikt
ikauiktrfk
rfk risi
risirvfb
rvfbfs
fs -ik rã`cnik
rã`cnik bi nhkhphg
nhkhphgch-
ch- fg
Istfbh.
25
Qc is qui ig f`ikti c`khrf ig bistckh big hljith nftircfg big bigcth, ariyikbh
pfrf
pfrf ijia
ijiautf
utfrr bcadf
bcadf gfl
gflhr,
hr, si
sirîf
rîf uk vi
virbf
rbfbi
birh
rh futhr
futhr nibcf
nibcfth,
th, scin
scinpri
pri qui
qui auikt
auiktii
Htrf vfrcfkti big Irrhr bi Rcph, is aufkbh ig f`ikti kh sfli qui istæ
fp
fpgca
gcafa
facñk
cñk big
big hljit
hljithh nf
nftir
tircfg
cfg big
big bigct
bigcth,
h, cnphr
cnphrtf
tf ukf ac
acrau
raukst
kstfk
fkacf
acf qui si
20
Ik aufkth f gf úgtcnf nhbfgcbfb big ckjusth tîpcaf, faæ ig sujith fatcvh, inpgif
phbræ
phbræ fb
fbnct
nctcrs
crsii gf farcn
farcnckf
ckfacñ
acñkk bi is
istf
tf vf
vfrcf
rcfkti
kti bi
bigg ckj
ckjus
usth
th f tît
tîtug
ughh bi bh
bhgh
gh
nhbfgcb
nhbfgcbfb
fb tîpcaf
tîpcaf bi efgsibf
efgsibfbb ckst
ckstruni
runiktf
ktfg,g, gf ahkaurrik
ahkaurrikacf
acf bi uk iginikth
iginikth
Aufk
Aufkbh
bh ig f`ik
f`ikti
ti bi fg`u
fg`ukh
kh bi ghs
ghs bigc
bigcth
thss ah
ahnp
nprik
rikbc
bcbh
bhss ik ist
istii
y <.
¸Vuã is gf ckdflcgctfacñk8
24
uk
ukhh h næ
næss bir
biria
iadhs
dhs phg
phgîtca
îtcahs,
hs, ia
iahkñ
hkñnca
ncahs,
hs, prh
prheis
eischk
chkfgi
fgiss y acvcgi
acvcgiss big
pfrf bigckqucr.
bigckqucr.
sus
uspi
piks
kscñ
cñkk bi ghs
ghs bi
biri
riad
adhs
hs ph
phgî
gîtc
tcah
ahss qu
quii si si
siöf
öfgi
gi (c
(cka
kacs
cshh 1¿
1¿),
), gf
bi frnf
frnfss bi eui`
eui`h,
h, ckaf
ckafpf
pfac
acbf
bfbb bi
biec
eckc
kctc
tcvf
vf pf
pfrf
rf hl
hlti
tiki
kirr gc
gcai
aika
kacf
cf h
eui`h scinpri qui ig bigcth sfkachkfbh sif bhghsh y qui gf sfkacñk supiri
23
bigcth.
pubcikbh fpgcafrsi
fpgcafrsi ik ehrnf ahkjuktf ahk ukf ppikf
ikf prcvftcvf bi gf gclirtfb i
qui gf faacñk qui si juz`f ahkstctuyf vchgfacñk bi ghs biliris ispiacfgis qui
cnphki
cnphki uk af
afr`h
r`h,, prh
prheis
eiscñk
cñk,, hec
hecach
ach h bi
biria
riadh,
dh, thbh
thbh igg
igghh lfsfbh
lfsfbh ik gf
isti afsh is ig Juiz qucik biacbi ghs biriadhs hljith bi feiatfacñk, pirh
scinpri biktrh bi ghs fgafkais bi ghs bceiriktis ckacshs big frtîaugh 15¿ big
Añbc
Añbc`h
`h _ikf
_ikfgg yf actf
actfbh
bhss fkti
fktirc
rchr
hrni
nikt
ktii y f pi
pitc
tcac
acñk
ñk ix
ixpr
pris
isff bi
bigg
tciki gf ncsnf burfacñk qui gf pikf prckacpfg, pirh ik thbh afsh kh puibi
Ik gh qui rispiatf fg frtîaugh istcpugfbh, khs dflgf shlri ghs ckacshs 6 y <
6. _rc
_rcvf
vfacñ
acñkk bi gf eukac
eukacñk
ñk,, af
afr`h
r`h h ahn
ahncsc
cscñk
ñk qui ijiraîf
ijiraîf ig ahkbik
ahkbikfbh
fbh,,
<. Ckaf
Ckafpf
pfac
acbf
bfbb h cn
cnpi
pibc
bcni
nikt
kthh pfrf
pfrf hl
hlti
tiki
kirr nfkb
nfkbft
fth,
h, af
afr`
r`h,
h, inpg
inpgih
ih h
Ik gh qui rispia
rispiatf
tf f ghs bigcths bi ahktrf gf ei púlgcaf qui, ahkstc
ahkstctuyi
tuyikk
púlgcaf phr sî ncsnf, sck inlfr`h, pfrf htrhs, ig lcik jurîbcah prhti`cbh is
gf ahke
ahkecf
cfkz
kzff ik gf futi
futikt
ktca
cacb
cbfb
fb y vi
virf
rfac
acbf
bfbb bi gh
ghss hl
hlji
jith
thss qu
quii sh
shkk
phrtfbhris.
Qujith fatcvh
big prisikti
prisikti afpc
afpctugh
tugh (ig qui eflrca
eflrcaf,
f, erfub
erfubugik
ugiktfni
tfnikti,
kti, h efgscecaf
efgscecaf sigghs
sigghs h
96
inpgifrghs kuivfnikti,
kuivfnikti, h ig qui inpgif ahnh futãktcahs
futãktcahs h thbfvîf vægcbhs
vægcbhs
usfbhs) dfacikbh
dfacikbh ush bi su afr`h bi eukachkfrch púlgcah h sirvcbhr púlgcah.
Qujith pfscvh
Is ig Istfbh ahnh tctugfr big lcik jurîbcah (ei púlgcaf) qui si phki ik
Rcph suljitcvh
ahkbuatfs tîpcafs).
F`rfvfkti
_ikf
9<
Gf pikf qui si tciki privcstf pfrf ghs bigcths ahnitcbhs ik isti afpîtugh,
Bieckcacñk bi iqucpfrfr
Iquc
Iqucpf
pfrf
rfrr si trft
trftff bi ahks
ahkscb
cbir
irfr
fr,, fs
fsin
inij
ijfr
fr,, ah
ahnp
npfr
frfr
fr,, fs
fscn
cncg
cgfr
fr y
dhnhgh`fr f fg`ucik h fg`h ukcehrni, c`ufg h cbãktcah f htrf pirshkf h
Qujith fatcvh
Qujith pfscvh
pfscvh cknibcfth
cknibcfth fg tirairh qui puibi vi
virsi
rsi pirjubcafbh bcria
bcriatfnikti
tfnikti ahk ig
92
Afpîtugh CC
BCQ_HQCACHKIQ AHNYKIQ
99
‗Ig qui bi aufgqucir htrh nhbh qui kh istã ispiaceafbh ik ghs Afpîtughs
Ahkaipths prigcnckfris
arcnckfgc
arcnckfgcbfb,
bfb, tiki
tikinhs
nhs qui ig gi`cs
gi`csgfbh
gfbhr,
r, df tc
tcpc
pcec
ecaf
afbh
bh th
thbf
bfss fq
fqui
uigg
ggfs
fs ah
ahk-
k-
buatfs, auyh bcsvfghr suphki ukf heiksf fg lcik jurîbcah tutigfbh, is biacr, gf «ei
púlgca
púlgcaf½
f½,, ik auf
aufkth
kth f gf ah
ahkec
kecflc
flcgcbf
gcbfbb big ahgia
ahgiatcvh
tcvh dfacf
dfacf gf futikt
futiktcac
cacbfb
bfb,,
uk pg
pgfk
fkhh is
isik
ikac
acfg
fgniktii "sup
nikt "suprfck
rfckbcv
bcvcbu
cbufr,
fr, ria
riah`c
h`cik
ikbh
bh uk ckt
cktirã
irãss bi ahrti
ahrti
erfaachkis bigcatcvfs tciki qui vir eukbfniktfgnikti ahk ghs eckis qui ig bh-
biacr, qui bcadhs shphrtis bhauniktfgis si irc`ik ik ghs nibchs, qui ghs
Bcad
Bcadhh gh fk
fkti
tirch
rchr,
r, ig hl
hlji
jith
th nf
nfti
tirc
rcfg
fg bi
bigg bi
bigcth (bh
gcth (bhaun
aunikt
ikth),
h), tikbræ ri-
prhpcf
prhpcfnik
nikti
ti gfs eukac
eukachki
hkiss big bhaunikt
bhaunikthh ik gf bckæncaf
bckæncaf bi cktirfat
cktirfatufa
ufacñk
cñk bi
gh
ghss ac
acub
ubfb
fbfk
fkhs
hs ik ig træe
træeca
cahh ju
jurî
rîbc
bcah
ah,, is
ispi
piaî
aîec
ecaf
afni
nikt
kti, bi:: pirp
i, bi pirpituc
itucbfb
bfb,,
nftircfgcbfb sustfktcvf qui bili gi`ctcnfr gf rifaacñk pukctcvf, sck qui iggh hlsti
f riahkhair,
riahkhair, qui gf ahktrfbcaa
ahktrfbcaacñk
cñk f bcadf faipacñk, is biacr, gf efgs
faipacñk, efgsibfb
ibfb,, is uk
iginikth
iginikth afrfatirîstcah
afrfatirîstcah bi htrhs bigcths, ahnh ig Efgsh tistcnhkch
tistcnhkch ik jucach, gf
Ef
Efgsf
gsf bi
biag
agfrf
frfac
acñk
ñk ik prh
prhai
aibc
bcnc
ncikt
ikthh fb
fbnc
nckc
kcstr
strftc
ftcvh
vh,, Ckbuaacñ
Ckbuaacñkk f irrhr f
púlgcaf
púlgcaf,, ahnh
ahnh hlji
hljith
th bi prh
prhtia
tiaacñ
acñkk y, si`
si`ukb
ukbh,
h, gf phsclc
phsclcgcbf
gcbfbb bi qui bcadh
bcadh
bhaunikth
bhaunikth ck`risi fg træecah, phki yf ik rcis`h ghs biriadhs suljitcvhs
suljitcvhs bi ghs
pfrtcaugfris. Qc`u
Qc`uci
cikb
kbhh aahk
hk ig
ig dc
dcgh
gh aahk
hkbu
buat
athr
hr bi
bi gf cb
cbif
if,, quir
quirin
inhs
hs bis
bistf
tfaf
afr,
r, qui
qui
nfti
nftircf
rcfgcb
gcbfb
fb bi is
isth
thss ckju
ckjusth
sths,
s, ah
ahkeh
kehrn
rnii f gh
ghss prcka
prckacp
cpch
chss riath
riathri
riss bi uk
90
shach-jurîb
shach-jurîbcafs,
cafs, fg riah`i
riah`irr gf vhguktf
vhguktfbb bi sus biagfrfkti
biagfrfktiss y fsî si gis rivcsti bi
ukf ispiacfg
ispiacfg prhpc
prhpcibfb
ibfb prhlfth
prhlfthrcf.
rcf. Fsî tfnlcãk,
tfnlcãk, si dfai
dfai fguscñk
fguscñk f sînlhgh
sînlhghss
ahkstctuyi gf lfsi eæatcaf bi ghs tcphs pikfgis shk ghs qui, phr cnphscacñk big
istæk ispiaîecafnikti
ispiaîecafnikti ehrnfgczfbhs pfrf faribctfr
faribctfr gf ixcstikacf bi gf rigfacñk,
rigfacñk,
pirn
pirnct
ctci
cikb
kbhh gf prhb
prhbua
uaac
acñk
ñk bi sus
sus ieiathss6.
ieiath
Ahkehr
Ahkehrni
ni gh fkh
fkhtfb
tfbh,
h, vinhs
vinhs qui ik isths
isths bigcth
bigcthss ggi
ggivfk
vfk ahksc`
ahksc`hh ukf
efgsibfb,
efgsibfb, is biacr, thbf fgtirfacñk, nutfacñk h bcsthrscñk bi gf virbfb, qui f
ig erfubi
su viz puibi sir iktikbcbh ahnh ig erf ubi,, bi qucik trfsthafkbh acirths bfths
bigcatcvf
bigcatcvf bi Istf
Istfef,
ef, bhkbi ig lcik jurîbca
jurîbcahh prhti`cbh
prhti`cbh is ig pftrcnhkch
pftrcnhkch bi ghs
ckbcvcbuhs
ckbcvcbuhs y, kh gf ahkecflcgcbf
ahkecflcgcbfbb big ahgiatcv
ahgiatcvhh dfacf gf virfacbfb bi gh qui
6
A\IYQ, A= Biriadh _ikfg. _frti Ispiacfg, R. CC, act., p. 101.
94
biagfrf ig f`ikti ik gf ehrnfacñk big ki`hach. Iggh khs ggivf f priacsfr, qui sc
lcikk gfs
lci gfs bcvirsf
bcvirsfss nhbfg
nhbfgcbf
cbfbis
bis bi «efgs
«efgsibf
ibfbis
bis bhau
bhaunik
niktfgi
tfgis½,
s½, puibi
puibikk sir
sir vc
vcst
stfs
fs
ahnhh ig cks
ahn ckstrun
trunikt
ikthh qui inpg
inpgif
if ig f`ikti pfrf gh`rf
gh`rfrr ik`föf
ik`föfrr f su vîatcnf,
vîatcnf,
ahkb
ahkbua
uatc
tcvf
vfss qui
qui ggiv
ggivik
ik ah
ahks
ksc` ukf efgs
c`hh ukf efgsibf
ibfbb bil
bilfk
fk sir kiaisfr
kiaisfrcfn
cfnikt
iktii
pikfg
pikfgczf
czfbhs
bhs bi ehr
ehrnf
nf futhk
futhkñnc
ñncaf
af,, bij
bijfkb
fkbhh bi gfbh
gfbh gf hpacñk
hpacñk bi fjustf
fjustfrîfs
rîfs
giscñ
giscñk=
k= ik afnlc
afnlch,
h, gf ist
istfef
fef kiaisct
kiaisctff bi gf prhbua
prhbuaac
acñk
ñk bi uk risugtf
risugtfbh,
bh, ig
pirjuca
pirjucach
ch ik
ik ig pftrcnh
pftrcnhkch
kch bi gf vîatc
vîatcnf.
nf.
Ig cktirãs jurîbcah
jurîbcah bi ukf pirs
pirshkf
hkf ispia
ispiaîeca
îecaff is (...) ig qui bitirnck
bitirnckfræ
fræ gf
iviktu
iviktufg
fg ahk
ahktik
tikcbh
cbh bi gf pruilf:
pruilf: pft
pftrcnh
rcnhkcfg
kcfg,, rigftcvh
rigftcvh f gf dhkrf,
dhkrf, erfubi
erfubi
prhais
prhaisfg,
fg, ik`föh
ik`föh igiath
igiathrfg,
rfg, si`
si`úk
úk gf rip
ripris
risikt
iktfac
facñk
ñk qui nuistri
nuistri afbf
afbf bh-
aunikth.
agfrfnikti, qui ixcstik htrfs ec`urfs fpgcaflgis qui puibik risugtfr fpgcaflgis
93
Ik pfgflrfs
pfgflrfs bi \ IÆR
IÆRI@YC Q
I@YC ÆKADI
ÆK , gf ribfaac
ADIZ
Z ribfaacñk
ñk big frt. 214,
214, nuistrf
nuistrf gf
prihaup
prihaupfacñ
facñkk big gi`csgfb
gi`csgfbhr
hr phr sfk
sfkachk
achkfr
fr biti
bitirnck
rnckfbf
fbfss ahkb
ahkbuatf
uatfs,
s, qui
`ikirfgis yf bisarcths<
Ahkehr
Ahkehrni
ni gh ixp
ixpuis
uisth,
th, dinhs bi pri
pri`uk
`uktfrk
tfrkhs
hs sc is qui ig tcp
tcphh pikfg
pikfg bi
scstinftcacb
scstinftcacbfb
fb khrnftcvf, qui si bispri
bisprikbi
kbi bi gfs nhbfgcbfbis
nhbfgcbfbis big ckjusth
ckjusth bi
ibfbb {bha
efgsibf
efgs {bhaunik
uniktfg
tfg i ckstru
ckstrunikt
niktfg),
fg), thnf
thnfkbh
kbh ik auiktf qui si trft
trftff bi ukf
«efg
«efgsi
sibf
bfbb pi
pirs
rshk
hkfg
fg½,
½, qu
qui,
i, bi
bisb
sbii ig af
afnp
nphh bi gf
gfss ju
just
stcec
cecaf
afac
achk
hkis
is,, pf
pfri
riai
ai
priph
priphkb
kbirf
irfrr eck
eckis
is bi phgîtc
phgîtcaf
af arcnck
arcnckfg
fg,, qu
quii pu
puib
ibik
ik su
sulvi
lvirtc
rtcrr eukbf
eukbfni
nikth
kthss is-
Bcadh gh fkti
fktirchr,
rchr, si fbvci
fbvcirtik
rtik htrfs tcpcecafac
tcpcecafachkis
hkis pikfgi
pikfgis,
s, qui ggivfk
ggivfk ik ig
iginikth efgsi
cktirchr bi su ahnphscacñk tîpcaf, ig iginikth efgsibf
bfb,
b, ahnh is ig afsh
afsh bi gf
Ckbuaac
Ckbuaacñk
ñk f irrh
irrhrr f euk
eukachk
achkfrch
frch púl
púlgcah
gcah - frtîaugh 265¿ big A_, aufkbh uk
gctc`fkti h fbnckcstrfbh, pritikbi ik`ikbrfr ig irrhr ik ig eukachkfrch púlgcah
sirr ig dcjh
si dcjh bi
bigg ef
efgg
ggiac
iacbh
bh,, us
usur
urpf
pfkb
kbhh uukf
kf cb
cbikt
iktcb
cbfb
fb qqui
ui kh gi
gi ah
ahrri
rrisphkb
sphkbi,
i, ist
istfrîf
frîf
ckaursh ik isti tcph pikfg= bi ehrnf scncgfr, phbrîf biacrsi, qui fquig Ristc`h
diadhs
diadhs ahkahnctf
ahkahnctfkti
ktiss f gf pir
pirpit
pitrfa
rfacñk
cñk big diadh
diadh pukclg
pukclgi,
i, dflræ bi fsuncr
<
\IÆRI@YC QÆKADIZ, J.= Bigcths ahktrf gf Ei _úlgcaf, act., p. 542
5?
Fbnck
Fbnckcstr
cstrfacñ
facñkk bi Just
Justcac
cacf,
f, bi qu
quii gfs bia
biacsch
cschkis
kis ju
jurcsbca
rcsbcaach
achkfg
kfgis
is (sik
(siktik
tikacf
acfs),
s),
sifkk prh
sif prhbua
buath
th bi ukf fat
fatufa
ufacñk
cñk prhl
prhlfth
fthrcf
rcf bi ecig riegijh f ghs diadhs
fafiacbhs.
Ufgh
Ufghrfk
rfkbh
bh ghs
ghs fr`u
fr`uni
nikt
kths
hs is
is`rc
`rcnc
ncbh
bhs,
s, ck
ckei
eircn
rcnhs
hs qu
quii ig tcp
tcphh pi
pikf
kfgg bi
«Efgsib
«Efgsibfb
fb @ik
@ikãrca
ãrcaf½,
f½, si iktria
iktriaruzf
ruzf ahk vfrcfs
vfrcfs tcpcecaf
tcpcecafach
achkis
kis gi`fgi
gi`fgis,
s, qui
pikf
pikfgi
giss y, kh uk ahka
ahkaurs
urshh bigcat
bigcatcvh
cvh,, bhkb
bhkbii phr nht
nhtcvh
cvhss bi ispi
ispiac
acfgc
fgcbf
bfb,
b, dflrîf
dflrîf
bi prieircrsi fquig priaipth pikfg qui riah`i ahk nfyhr rc`hr ghs iginikths bi
ef
efat
atca
cacb
cbfb
fb.. Au
Auis
istc
tcñk
ñk bcst
bcstck
cktf
tf,, ph
phbr
brîf
îf bi
biac
acrs
rsii ik gf dc
dcpñ
pñti
tisc
scs,
s, bi qu
quii gf
supgfk
supgfktfa
tfacñk
cñk bi cbi
cbiktc
ktcbfb
bfb,, gf fgtirfa
fgtirfacñk
cñk bi ghs dia
diadhs
dhs h gf usurpf
usurpfacñ
acñkk bi
pireiatf
pireiatf ik ig frtîau
frtîaugh
gh 635¿ big A_
A_== bcadh fsî
fsî:: gf supgfk
supgfktfacñ
tfacñkk bi cbiktcbf
cbiktcbfbb h
gf scnugfacñk bi ghs diadhs, cnphrtf ig nibch qui si vfgi big f`ikti pfrf
pftrcnh
pftrcnhkcf
kcfgg f gf iseirf bi austh
austhbcf
bcf big sujit
sujithh fatcvh
fatcvh,, bfkbh gu
gu`f
`frr fg pir
pirju
jucac
cachh
iahkñncah. Qcikbh qui ig frtîaugh 214¿ big A_, dfai fguscñk f qui ig pirjucach
ahk gf Istfef.
56
privik
privikcr
cr thb
thbff agf
agfsi
si bi ah
ahkbu
kbuatf
atf qui
qui cnph
cnphrti ukff efg
rti uk efgsibf
sibfb,
b, f su viz kh riafc`
riafc`ff
shlri
shlri uk shphrti
shphrti bha
bhaunik
uniktfg
tfg y/h shl
shlri
ri uk sc`kh
sc`kh riprisikt
riprisiktftcv
ftcvhh big Istf
Istfbh
bh
ti
tik`
k`ff ahnh
ahnh lcik
lcik jurî
jurîbc
bcah
ah prht
prhti`
i`cb
cbhh f gf ei púlg
púlgca
caf,
f, ikti
iktikb
kbcb
cbff ahnh
ahnh gf
pristfk
pristfk ghs acub
acubfbf
fbfkhs
khs fkt
fktii gh
ghss bcvirsh
bcvirshss æn
ænlcth
lcthss bi gf vcbf shacfg.
shacfg.
suphki
suphki tfnlcãk bisaf
bisafrtfr
rtfr gf fbi
fbiaufa
aufacñk
cñk big supuis
supuisth
th bi diadh lfjh ghs
riah`ir ahk thbf pireiaacñk gf bisarcpacñk big rigfth eæatcah= shlri thbh,
phrtfnc
phrtfncikt
ikthh f thbfs guais erfu
erfubug
bugikt
ikth,
h, qui tciki fg ik`föh ahnh ig nibch
tciki
ahktrf
ahktrf «gf ei púl
púlgca
gcaf½,
f½, auyf
auyf pfr
pfrtca
tcaugf
ugfrcbf
rcbfbb bi
bigg ckjust
ckjusthh riscbi
riscbi ik gfs
ispiac
ispiacfgi
fgiss acrauk
acraukstf
stfka
kacfs
cfs qui si prhbua
prhbuaii ig ftfqui
ftfqui fk
fktcj
tcjurîb
urîbcah
cah,, istf
istf
virbfb cktikachkfgnikti
cktikachkfgnikti y ahk pirjucach bi tirairhs, phr pfgflrfs, diadhs
5<
h us
usur
urpf
pfkb
kbhh kh
khnl
nlri
ri,, afgc
afgcbf
bfbb h in
inpg
pgih
ih qu
quii kh gi ah
ahrr
rris
isph
phkb
kbi,
i,
Qujith fatcvh
Ahke
Ahkehr
hrni
ni gf bi
bisa
sarc
rcpa
pacñk
cñk tî
tîpc
pcaf
af -a
-ahk
hkti
tikc
kcbf
bf ik ig ik
ikuk
ukac
acfb
fbhh
kh riqu
riquirc
ircrr ukf auf
aufgcb
gcbfb
fb is
ispi
piacf
acfgg ik ig f`
f`ikt
ikti,
i, phr tfkth,
tfkth, ik
ikrhs
rhstrf
trf uk
ukff
Kh hlst
hlstfkt
fktii gh fkht
fkhtfbh
fbh,, ah
ahksc
kscbir
birfnh
fnhss cnphr
cnphrtfk
tfkti
ti fahtf
fahtfr,
r, qui
qui ik
ik rifgcbf
rifgcbfbb
kh aufgqucirf puibi istfr ckaursh ik istf ec`urf bigcatcvf, puis fg c`ufg qui
pfrf
pfrf phbir
phbir iinpr
nprik
ikbir
bir ggff ah
ahkbu
kbuatf
atf eerfu
rfubug
bugikt
iktf=
f= bi fdî,
fdî, qui
qui ghs
ghs ikfjikf
ikfjikfbhs
bhs y
rîf fbncsclgi, ik tfkth qucik ijiautf ehrnfgnikti ig tcph pikfg (futhr ckni-
bcfth), puibi hlrfr ahk c`khrfkacf shlri gf efgsibfb bi ghs diadhs qui kfrrf
51
vircecafr ukf pirshkf qui ahkvikai f htrh, f qui fgtiri gf virbfb, phr pfgflrfs,
ahnp
ahnpgc
gcac
acbf
bfbb pu
puib
ibii pg
pgfk
fkti
tifr
frsi
si ik ig nu
nukb
kbhh ei
eikh
khnã
nãkc
kcah
ah,, ik ri
rifg
fgcb
cbffb su
Qujith pfscvh
ukf «vîatcnf pirjubcafbf½, qui puibi sir ukf pirshkf eîscaf h ukf pirshkf
jurîbca
jurîbcaf=
f= inp
inpirh
irh,, quci
qucikk is hljith
hljith big ik`föh
ik`föh (erfubi
(erfubi),
), sñgh pui
puibi
bi sir ukf
pirshk
pirshkff pscah-eîs
pscah-eîscaf
caf ahk
ahkscb
scbirf
irfbf,
bf, ahk suecacikti
suecacikti afp
afpfac
facbfb
bfb pscah-nhtrcz pfrf
phbir sir ik`föfbf
ik`föfbf
Nhbfgcbfbis tîpcafs
ahnphscacñk khrnftcvf big frtîaugh 214¿ big A_= risugtf cnphrtfkti, bfr uk
52
puib
puibfk
fk si
sirr sujit
sujiths
hs fatcv
fatcvhs
hs bi is
istf
tf ec`
ec`urf
urf bigcatc
bigcatcvf
vf,, thnfk
thnfkbh
bh ik au
auik
iktf
tf qui gf
nftircfg
nftircfgcbfb
cbfb bi gf ahkbua
ahkbuatf
tf ftrclucb
ftrclucbff f fquiggh
fquigghss thnf gu`fr ik uk ænlcth
pfrtcaugfr: gf «pirsiauacñk
«pirsiauacñk pikf
pikfg½.
g½.
pikf
pikfgi
giss big
big hrl
hrlii (ck
(ckag
aguc
ucbh
bh ig _irú
_irú),
), -phr
-phr vf
vfrch
rchss sc
sc`g
`ghs
hs-,
-, ck
ckac
acbc
bcññ ik præat
præatcaf
cafss ik
purcb
purcbfb
fb fu
futh
thrct
rctfr
frcf
cfss y kiefs
kiefstf
tfs,
s, ik au
aufk
fkth
th f gf fa
fatcv
tcvcb
cbfb
fb pr
prhlft
hlfthr
hrcf
cf qu
quii si
nfkceci
nfkcecistf
stf ik ig bia
biaurs
urshh big _rha
_rhaish
ish _ikfg,
_ikfg, lfjh
lfjh isi nftcz
nf tcz nfrafb
nfrafbfni
fnikti
kti
fgafkzfrgh
fgafkzfrgh f aufgqu
aufgqucir
cir priach,
priach, ckagu
ckaguscvi
scvi f ahstf bi pfbiacncikth
pfbiacncikthss ckdunfkhs
ckdunfkhs big
shspiadhsh= dfacikbh bi fquãg prisf bi ghs næs vcgis bi ghs thrnikths, ahk gf
bcriat
bcriatff y pgi
pgikf,
kf, suecac
suecacikt
iktii pfr
pfrff bfr phr faribc
faribctfb
tfbff gf cnputf
cnputfacñk
acñk bigcat
bigcatcvf
cvf..
\isflchs ckqucsctcvhs qui dfk pirburfbh phr nuadh tcinph ik kuistrh pfîs, gh
Ahke
Ahkehrn
hrnii gh fk
fkht
htfb
fbh,
h, bisb
bisbii gh
ghss fg
fglh
lhri
riss bi
bigg sc
sc`g
`ghh TUCCC
TUCCC,, df cb
cbhh bi
bisf-
sf-
rrhggækbhsi
rrhggækbhsi ukf eiauk
eiaukbf
bf prhbuaacñk
prhbuaacñk bhatrckfrcf, gi`csgftcvf y jurcsprubikacf
jurcsprubikacfg,g,
ikafnc
ikafnckfb
kfbff fg ria
riahkh
hkhacnc
acncikt
ikthh crristr
crristrcath
cath bi biriad
biriadhs
hs eukbfni
eukbfniktf
ktfgis
gis== qui
tfg ahnh si bisprikbi big kuivh A__, ahk frri`gh fg prckacpch fausfthrch y su
59
ckehrnfbh
ckehrnfbhss phr ig ahkti
ahktikcbh
kcbh sustfkacfg
sustfkacfg bi ghs biriadhs
biriadhs dunfkhs
dunfkhs y phr ghs
_hr ahksc`u
ahksc`ucik
cikti,
ti, ig cnp
cnputf
utfbh
bh fg kh tik
tikir
ir gf hlgc`f
hlgc`facñ
acñkk bi fbnctc
fbnctcrr su
frtîaugh 214¿ big A_ - Efgsibfb `ikãrcaf, dflræ qui siöfgfr qui ig cnputfbh
Biria
Biriadh
dh _úl
_úlgca
gcah:
h: «pr
«prisu
isuka
kacñk
cñk bi cgc
cgcact
actub6
ub6214
214½),
½), crrf
crrfbcf
bcf ahk thbhs
thbhs sus
ckerfathr.
Rcpcacbfb suljitcvf
55
Ig tcph
tcph bigc
bigcat
atcv
cvhh ik nika
nikacñ
cñkk si ah
ahni
niti
ti f tî
tîtu
tugh
gh bi bh
bhgh
gh,, is bi
biac
acr
r
Ahksunfacñk
scnugf
scnugfkbh
kbh,, suphkc
suphkcikb
ikbh,
h, fgtirf
fgtirfkbh
kbh gf vi
virbf
rbfbb cktika
cktikachk
chkfgn
fgnikt
iktii y ah
ahkk
Riktftcvf
_ikfgcbfb
ftrcluyfk
ftrcluyfk `rfbh fafbãncah,
fafbãncah, tugh prhischkfg
prhischkfg,, tugh bi si`ukbf
si`ukbf ispiacfgcbf
ispiacfgcbfb
b
50
likiea
likieacfr
cfrch
ch dfyf
dfyf ggi
ggivfb
vfbh
h iiav
iiavfni
fnikti
kti ghs istubc
istubchs
hs ahrris
ahrrisphk
phkbci
bcikti
ktis,
s, siræ
siræ
riprcncbh ahk pikf prcvfvf bi gclirtfb kh nikhr bi tris kc nfyhr bi ackah föhs
@ikirfgcbfb
sup
upui
uist
sthh bi di
diad
adhh kh
khrn
rnft
ftcv
cvhh qu
quii lu
lusa
saff sf
sfka
kach
chkf
kfrr fg f`
f`ik
ikti
ti au
auyh
yh
ahnph
ahnphrtf
rtfnci
ncikth
kth ist
istææ bcr
bcrc`c
c`cbh
bh f hth
hthr`f
r`fr,
r, ix
ixpib
pibcr
cr u heirtf
heirtfrr ai
airtce
rtcecaf
cafbhs
bhs,,
ispiacfgczfacñk
ispiacfgczfacñk u htrf afpfacbfb fkægh`f.
ukcv
ukcvir
irsc
scbf
bfbi
biss u htrf
htrfs,
s, qu
quii hr`f
hr`fkc
kczf
zfk,
k, ri
rifg
fgcz
czfk
fk h fu
fusp
spca
cacf
cfkk iv
ivik
ikth
thss
fafbãncahs, tfggiris, eñruns, ahkeirikacfs, bcpghnfbhs u htrfs= gfs ncsnfs
54
ahrrisphkbcikti‑.
Gfss ckst
Gf ckstct
ctua
uach
chki
kiss qu
quii airt
airtce
ceca
cafk
fk,, ah
ahnh
nh uk
ukcv
cvir
irsc
scbf
bfbi
bis,
s, ah
ahgi
gi`c
`chs
hs
nuad
nuadfs
fs viai
viaiss si pris
pristf
tfkk pfrf
pfrf is
isth
thss fa
fath
thss cg
cgi`
i`fg
fgis
is h crr
crri`
i`ug
ugfr
fris
is.. Dfy
Dfy
Rcpcacbfb hljitcvf
Ghs virlhs riathris big tcph pikfg shk: hthr`fr, ixpibcr y heirtfr.
Rcpcacbfb suljitcvf
53
Riktftcvf
_ikfgcbfb
EFGQCECAF\:
ckstru
ckstrunik
nikths
ths,, bis
bistck
tckfbh
fbhss f gf efg
efgsce
scecaf
cafacñ
acñkk bi tcnlri
tcnlris,
s, istfnp
istfnpcgg
cggfs,
fs, nfr
nfrafs
afs
0?
Ahkaipths prigcnckfris
Ykf ph
phgît
gîtcaf
caf arc
arcnck
nckfg
fg -is
-isika
ikacfg
cfgnik
nikti
ti vf
vfghr
ghrftc
ftcvf-,
vf-, df bi ahktin
ahktinpgf
pgfr
r
fquig
fquigghs
ghs ehahs
ehahs bi ahk
ahkegca
egcatcv
tcvcbf
cbfbb sha
shacfg
cfg,, niria
niriaibh
ibhris
ris y ki
kiais
aisctf
ctfbhs
bhs bi
prckacpch bi «giscvcbfb½,
«giscvcbfb½, ahkehrni si bisprikbi big tikhr
tikhr gctirfg big frtîaugh
CU big Rîtugh _rigcnckfr big A_, isth quciri biacr, qui gf ahkbuatf dunfkf
-pikfg
-pikfgnik
nikti
ti tut
tutigf
igfbh
bh-,
-, bi kh si
sirr fs
fsî,î, ah
ahkbu
kbuatf
atfss qui af
afria
riaik
ik bi bcadf
bcadf
06
bisbi
bisbiöæk
öækbhs
bhsii gf phscl
phsclcgc
cgcbfb
bfb bi qui ghs fa
faths
ths pripf
pripfrft
rfthrc
hrchs
hs pui
puibfk
bfk si
sir
r
pikfgczfbhs.
pikfgczfbhs. Gh aufg risugtf ahrriath, bisbi ig ahkeîk bi vfghris
hphrtukcbfbis,
hphrtukcbfbis, risugtf kiaisfrch qui ig Biriadh pikfg fbigfkti gf lfrrirf bi
cktirv
cktirvika
ikacñk
cñk,, f istfb
istfbchs
chs qui kh sc`
sc`kce
kcecaf
cafkk fúk ukf Îksctf
Îksctf pi
pigc`
gc`rhs
rhscbf
cbfbb
qui ghs faths pripfrftcvhs afc`fk shlri gfs ribis bi ripriscñk pikfg, tfg
(frtîaughs <35¿-F y <35¿-L big A_)= fsî tfnlcãk ig afsh inlginætcah big
ahks
ahkscb
cbir
irfa
facñ
cñkk fg vf
vfgh
ghrr bi
bigg lcik
lcik fn
fnik
ikfz
fzfb
fbh,
h, ik ah
ahks
kscb
cbir
irfa
facñ
cñkk f gf
ncsnfs ukf fnikfzf fatufg f gf pfz jurîbcaf y, phr iggh, shk shnitcbfs f ukf
pikf.
0<
jirfrquîf big cktirãs f tutigfr, thbf viz qui kh aufgqucir tcph pikfg puibi
ixtirkhs", qui puibik tikir rigivfkacf jurîbcah-pikfg= phr ikbi, kh thbhs ghs
lcikis jurîbcahs,
jurîbcahs, bipikbcik
bipikbcikbh
bh big tcph pikfg iikk ahkarith.
gfs
gfs ahkb
ahkbua
uatf
tfss ahkt
ahktik
ikcb
cbfs
fs ik ig fr
frtî
tîau
augh
gh 21
213¿
3¿ bi
bigg A_,
A_, si ik
ikau
auik
iktr
trfk
fk
01
Ahnh
Ahnh si sh
shst
stci
ciki
ki ik gf bhat
bhatrc
rckf
kf kf
kfac
achk
hkfg
fg,, si tc
tcpc
pcec
ecaf
af fq
fquî
uî uk fa
fath
th
kiai
kiaisf
sfrcf
rcf pfrf
pfrf su pukc
pukcac
acñk
ñk su inpg
inpgih
ih ik gf ef
efgs
gsce
ceca
cafa
facñ
cñkk bi tc
tcnl
nlri
ris,
s,
Bisbi htrfs trclukfs, si dflgf bi ahkbuatfs tîpcafs, qui phr «sî shghs½,
phrqui su úkcah bistckh phsclgi, euirf big ahktrhg big Istfbh, is f su viz gf
ahncscñk bi uk bigcth. _hr gh tfkth, kh afli biacr qui istfnhs fkti uk bigcth
lcikis jurîbcah
jurîbcah qui niriaik uk
ukff tutigf cktikscecaf
cktikscecafbf.
bf.
02
ckst
ckstru
runi
nikt
kths
hs ahkh
ahkhac
acbf
bfni
nikt
ktii bi
bist
stck
ckfb
fbhs
hs f ah
ahni
niti
tirr fg
fg`u
`ukf
kf bi gf
gfss
(...)".
Qujith fatcvh
aufgcbfb ispiacfg bi futhrîf= sck inlfr`h, phbrîf biacrsi, qui kh siræ fquig
ghs
ghs sc
sc`k
`khs
hs ripr
ripris
isik
iktf
tftc
tcvh
vhss ni
nika
kach
chkf
kfbh
bhss y, f su vi
viz,
z, gh
ghss ef
eflr
lrcq
cqui
ui
09
f`ikti.
scinpri qui auiktik ahk ig ah-bhnckch big diadh y, fsî, ik thbhs, ahkaurrfk
qui sñgh si ikafr`f bi trfksphrtfr gfs afjfs ahk ghs cksunhs, sck sflir su
ahrri
ahrrisph
sphkbi
kbi ahk su rif
rifgg kft
kfturf
urfgiz
gizf,
f, df
dflræ
lræ qui prhaib
prhaibir
ir f vf
vfghr
ghrfr
fr ukf
ahnh Ckstc`fbhr.
05
Qujith pfscvh
hecacf
hecacfgis
gis,, qui si inpgi
inpgifk
fk ik ig bia
biaurs
urshh bi ukf fatuf
fatufacñ
acñkk tîpcaf
tîpcafnik
nikti
ti
Nhbfgcbfb tîpcaf
_rcnir pukth f sflir, shk ghs hljiths shlri ghs aufgis riafi gf faacñk
bistckfb
bistckfbhs
hs f gf efgsc
efgscecafa
ecafacñk
cñk bi tcnlr
tcnlris,
is, istf
istfnpcggf
npcggfs,
s, nfrafs
nfrafs hecacfgis
hecacfgis h
aufgqucir ispiaci vfghrfbf½= scikbh qui gh prcnirh qui bili biacrsi, is qui
bi-
bi- li
likk ahks
ahkstc
tctu
tucr
cr hlji
hljith
thss (cks
(ckstr
trun
unik
ikth
ths)
s),, fp
fpth
thss y/
y/hh cb
cbñk
ñkih
ihs,
s, pf
pfrf
rf gf
vfghrfbf.
Cnph
Cnphrt
rtfk
fk,, ikth
ikthka
kais
is,, thbf
thbf di
dirr
rrfn
fnci
cikt
ktff y/
y/hh ck
ckst
stru
runi
nikt
kths
hs,, au
auyf
yf
00
fpfrfth kh bistckfbh ik su hrc`ik, pirh qui puibi sir utcgczfbh, pfrf bcadh
puibfk sir utcgczfbhs efgscecafr h qui ig f`ikti ghs dfyf bistckfbh f isi eck=
ig hl
hlji
jith
th nc
ncsn
snh,
h, ph
phrr su pr
prhp
hpcf
cf kf
kftu
turf
rfgi
gizf
zf,, tc
tcik
ikii qu
quii sir nf
nfti
tirc
rcff h
ckstrunikth pfrf efgscecafr, f auyf afrfatirîstcafs dfy qui f`ri`fr gh khthrch
bi su bist
stck
ckhh (..
(...)=
.)= ish sî
sî,, kh ahksc
scbbirf
rfn
nhs ahr
hrri
riaath qui bc
bcaadh
qui f gf vcstf big prhefkh, si nuistrik ahnh ckstrunikths fpths pfrf tfg eck.
Ghs hljit
hljiths
hs ckb
ckbcaf
cafbhs
bhs nfk
nfkcec
cecist
istfk
fk ukf nftirc
nftircfgc
fgcbfb
bfb eîs
eîscaf
caf,, qui,
qui, ah
ahkk
puibi fpgcafrsi
fpgcafrsi f iggf.
agfsi bi útcgis h ckstrunikths½. Isth quciri biacr, qui pfrf qui ig f`ikti
istã ckaursh ik istf nhbfgcbfb bi efgsibfb bigcatcvf, lfstf ahk qui rifgcai
lcik fkhtf A\IYQ (...) sc lcik afbf ukf bi gfs faachkis futñkhnfnikti
futñkhnfnikti
ahkscbirfbfs is suecacikti pfrf ahksunfr ig bigcth, gf pirpitrfacñk ahkjuktf
pfîs y bispuãs
bispuãs gh ahksi
ahksirvf.
rvf.
Fdhrf
Fdhrf lci
lcik,
k, pf
pfsfr
sfrinh
inhss fg fk
fkægc
ægcscs
scs bi gfs bcvirs
bcvirsfs
fs fa
faach
achki
kiss tîpcaf
tîpcafss
nibc
nibcfk
fkbh
bh gf ut
utcg
cgcz
czfa
facñ
cñkk bi ghs
ghs cksu
cksunh
nhss qu
quii si
sifk
fk ki
kiai
aisf
sfrc
rchs
hs pf
pfrf
rf gf
hlti
hltika
kacñ
cñkk big
big prhb
prhbua
uath
th fa
fafl
flfb
fbh,
h, bf
bfkb
kbhh gu
gu`f
`frr f qui
qui ig hl
hlji
jith
th is
istã
tã ik
Istfbh.
nftircfgis ahnh ig qui nhbcecaf uk hljith yf ixcstikti pfrf qui scrvf f ghs
eckis
eckis tîpcah
tîpcahs=
s= kh is ckbcsp
ckbcspiks
iksflg
flgii qui si
siff uk
ukff eflrca
eflrcafac
facñk
ñk phr nibchs
nibchs
sir
sir inp
inpgif
gifbh
bh ik fqu
fquãgg
ãggff (v.
(v.`r.
`r.,, ni
nizag
zagff bi tcktfs
tcktfs,, vfrcfa
vfrcfachk
chkis
is qu
quînc
încaf
afss
itaãtirf).
pfrf bisikafbi
bisikafbikfr
kfr ig bisvfghr, qui ig gi`csgfbhr riah`i ahnh sustfktcvfb
df`f
df`f ck`
ck`ris
risfr
fr gi`
gi`fgn
fgnik
ikti
ti ist
isths
hs cksunh
cksunhs,
s, ik
ik`fö
`föfkb
fkbhh f gfs futhrc
futhrcbf
bfbis
bis
hljiths, bisbi uk pfîs ehrækih, pfsfkbh phr gfs zhkfs erhktirczfs ahk pfîsis
nfrîtcnh.
ijiautfræ
ijiautfræ gf faac
faacñk
ñk tîpcaf bi ehrnf pirsh
pirshkfg,
kfg, phr gh qui si sirvcræ
sirvcræ bi htrhs
faacñk, ahkec`urf ukf futhrîf nibcftf, bhkbi ig futhr cknibcfth fatúf lfjh
uk Irrhr bi Rcph. Qck inlfr`h, sc is uk sulhrbckfbh qui hlrf ahk bhgh, dfy
hr`f
hr`fkc
kczf
zftc
tcvf
vf,, kh phbr
phbrææ dflg
dflgfr
frsi
si bi uk
ukff ah
ah-f
-fut
uthr
hrîf
îf,, tf
tfnp
npha
hahh bi uk
ukff
pfrtcacpfacñk bigcatcvf
bigcatcvf h f su thtf
thtfgg ixhkirfacñk bi risphksflcgcbfb pikfg.
pikfg.
bistckfb
bistckfbhs
hs f gf efgsc
efgscecafa
ecafacñk
cñk bi tcnlr
tcnlris,
is, istf
istfnpcggf
npcggfs,
s, nfrafs
nfrafs hecacfgis
hecacfgis h
big Istfbh.
siggh
sigghs,
s, tcn
tcnlri
lris,
s, is
istfn
tfnpcg
pcggfs
gfs bi ahr
ahrrih
rih,, nfraf
nfrafss h ahktrf
ahktrfsiö
siöfs
fs hec
hecacf
acfgis
gis..
ahksirvfacñk
ahksirvfacñk eæatcaf y/h gi`fg, sif bi kfturfgizf trfkscthrcf, ik ig siktcbh, bi
4<
qu
quii sñ
sñgh
gh si
siff uk ckt
cktirn
irnibc
ibcfrc
frchh pfr
pfrff su ikt
iktri`
ri`ff f su bi
bistc
stckft
kftfrc
frchh eckfg=
eckfg=
efgsce
efgscecaf
cafacñ
acñk,
k, lfs
lfstfr
tfrîf
îf ah
ahkk qui si ik
ikaui
auiktr
ktrik
ik,, ah
ahnh
nh bcai
bcai ig frt.
frt. 213¿
213¿
tutigf
tutigfrr lci
lcikis
kis jur
jurîbc
îbcahs
ahs bi bcvirs
bcvirsff kft
kfturf
urfgiz
gizf,
f, bf gu`fr
gu`fr f uk ah
ahkau
kaursh
rsh
41
ahkbu
ahkbuatf
atf -fg
-fggî
gî bis
bisarc
arctf-
tf-,, bil
bilirî
irîff bi fec
fecrnf
rnfrr su pi
pirei
reiaa
aacñk
cñk bi
bigca
gcatcv
tcvf,
f, sck
tcnlris,
tcnlris, istf
istfnpcgg
npcggfs
fs bi ahrri
ahrrih,
h, nfraf
nfrafss h ahktrfsi
ahktrfsiöfs
öfs hecacfgis.
hecacfgis. Is næs,
Gh qu
quii sî bi
bili
li qu
quib
ibfr
fr agfr
agfrh,
h, is pf
pfrf
rf bf
bfrr ph
phrr fe
fecr
crnf
nfbh
bh ig is
istf
tfbh
bh
sc`khs riprisiktftcvhs
riprisiktftcvhs hecacfgis big Istfbh, lfstf vircecafr bi ehrnf hljitcvf,
Rcph suljitcvh
ahkb
ahkbua
uatc
tcvh
vh,, fg ck`r
ck`ris
ishh fg tirr
tirrct
cthr
hrch
ch kf
kfac
achk
hkfg
fg,, f gf ef
eflr
lrca
cafa
facñ
cñkk h gf
Ig fs
fspi
piat
athh ah`k
ah`kct
ctcv
cvhh big
big bhgh
bhgh df bi fl
flfr
fraf
afrr th
thbh
bhss gh
ghss ig
igin
inik
ikth
thss
ahkstctutcvhs big tcph pikfg= iktri isths bi qui ghs hljiths qui si eflrcafk h
45
AHKAGYQCHKIQ:
frtîaugh 212 big Añbc`h _ikfg. Ig hljith bi faacñk ik isti diadh pukclgi istæ
riprisiktfbh phr ghs sigghs h tcnlris hecacfgis= is biacr, phr sînlhghs h ri`cstrhs bi
40
cbiktcecafacñk qui shgh puibik sir ixpibcbhs phr ghs ñr`fkhs ahnpitiktis big
Istfbh y qui tcikik uk ush ristrck`cbh, sujith f riqucscths y f acraukstfkacfs
ispiaîecafs. Gf giy pirncti bcstck`ucr gf ri`ugfacñk bi tris nhbfgcbfbis bigcatcvfs:
Eflrcafr sigghs y tcnlris hecacfgis bi vfghr sck futhrczfacñk h ik kúnirh supirchr fg
futhrc
futhrczf
zfbh=
bh= Efgsc
Efgsceca
ecafr
fr h fbu
fbugti
gtirfr
rfr sig
sigghs
ghs h tcn
tcnlri
lriss hec
hecacf
acfgis
gis nhbce
nhbcecaf
cafkbh
kbh sus
sus
afrfatiris h su vfghr ispiaîecah.
Inpgifr ahnh vægcbhs h futãktcahs sigghs h tcnlris hecacfgis bi vfghr qui ig f`ikti
sfli h prisuni efgshs, h qui yf dfk scbh utcgczfbhs y, phr ikbi, df afbuafbh su
vfgcbiz. Futhr bi isti supuisth bili sirgh ukf pirshkf bcstcktf bi fquiggf qui
efgscecañ ghs sigghs h tcnlris hecacfgis.
\IEI\IKACFQ LCLGCH@\ÆE
LCLGCH@\ÆECAFQ
CAFQ
Lclgch`ræecafs:
_IÖF AFL\I\F F. (<?66). Biriadh _ikfg _frti Ispiacfg, Rhnh UC. Ibct:
CBINQF, Gcnf - _irú.
Qfgfzfr Qækadiz, Kigshk= Jurcsprubikacf _ikfg. JY\CQRF IBCRH\IQ, Gcnf,
Qfgckfs Qcaadf, \fncrh= Bigcths ahktrf gf Fbnckcstrfacñk _úlgcaf. CYQRCRCF-
@\CJGIS, Gcnf, <??3.
Qirrf Bhnîk`uiz, Nfkuig= Istubchs bi Biriadh _rhlfthrch. AHNYKCRFQ,
Gcnf, <???.
QCGUF QÆKADIZ= Jisús Nfrîf= Istubchs bi Biriadh _ikfg, Lclgchtiaf bi
futhris ixtrfkjirhs, K¿ 9= Ibcthrcfg @rcjgiy, Gcnf - _irú, siptcinlri big <???.
RDĜNCQ-\ivcstf Bi Biriadh (<?60) ¡Flfjh ig Añbc`h _ikfg! Ehkbh ibcthrcfg
bi gf _YA_ dttp://rivcstfs.puap.ibu.pi/ckbi
dttp://rivcstfs.puap.ibu.pi/ckbix.pdp/tdincs/frtcagi/vci
x.pdp/tdincs/frtcagi/vciw/66913.
w/66913.
Igiatrñkcafs:
dttps://ilhhmaiktrfg.prhquist.ahn
44
dttp://scslcl.uknsn.ibu.pi
www.jurcsprubik.ahn
www.sacigh.ahn
dttps://cn`.gpbiriadh.pi
43