PSYCHOLOGICAL

BENEFITS OF INCLUSIVE
BASES
EDUCATION

INCLUSIVE
JEAN PIAGET’S
All children benefit from Inclusive Education. It
COGNITIVE allows them to:
DEVELOPMENT

EDUCATION
Reach their full potential.
Create a culture of acceptance and
This theory of cognitive development suggests that
understanding.
children’s intelligence changes as they grow. A child’s
cognitive development is not just about acquiring
Build friendships and bonds between A CHILD’S RIGHT, NOT A
classmates.
knowledge, but also the child has to develop or
Increase their self-esteem and confidence.
PRIVILEGE.
construct a mental model of the world.

ALBERT BANDURA’S “TOGETHER WE LEARN

SOCIAL LEARNING
BETTER”
THEORY
This theory of social learning suggests
that we learn social behaviour by
BASES OF
observing and imitating the behaviour SPECIAL AND
of others.

LEV VYGOTSKY’S
SCAFFOLDING THEORY
This theory of scaffolding focuses on a
student’s ability to learn information
through the help of a more informed
individual.
JEAN LAVE’S SITUATED
LEARNING THEORY
This theory of situated learning explains
the process and development of
learning when individuals have the
opportunity to participate in a
community of practice.
INCLUSIVE LEARNING WITHOUT BOUNDARY
IS WHAT EVERY CHILDREN NEEDS
EDUCATION FOR HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT.
 Psychological Bases  Legal Bases
Inclusion promotes quality and equitable education
 Philosophical Bases  Historical Bases for all, without exclusion, including those who may be
potentially marginalized by learning need or social
position. An increasing awareness about the rights of
children with disability to have access to the same
educational services as children without a disability
has led to the idea of inclusive education (UNESCO
International Bureau of Education, 2009).

PHILOSOPHICAL
BASES
Inclusive education values diversity and the
unique contributions each student brings to
the classroom. In a truly inclusive setting,
every child feels safe and has a sense of
belonging.
Equality
Every student have the same access
to high quality education regardless
of where they come from.
Equity
Personal or social circumstances
such as gender, ethnic origin or
family background, are not
obstacles to achieving educational
potential and that all individuals
reach at least a basic minimum level
of skills.
Equality and Equity
Though the terms are not the same and can
have vastly different when it comes to
education policy and decisions educators
make, both equity and equality are important
to ensure the best possible outcomes for
students.
HISTORICAL LEGAL BASES
BASES  Article XIV, Sections 1 and 2 of the 1987
United Nations Educational, 
Constitution of the Philippines
Presidential Decree 603
Scientific and Cultural Organization o THE CHILD AND YOUTH WELFARE
CODE
(UNESCO)
o Article 3. Rights of the child.
UNESCO promotes inclusive education systems that
remove the barriers limiting the participation and  Republic Act 7610. “An act providing for
achievement of all learners, respect diverse needs, stronger deterrence and special protection
abilities and characteristics and that eliminate all against child abuse, exploitation and
forms of discrimination in the learning environment. discrimination, and for other purposes.”
 Republic Act 10410. “An act recognizing the
Education for All (EFA)
age from 0 to 8 years as the first crucial stage
Education is the basic building block of every
of educational development and
society. It is the single best investment countries can
strengthening the early childhood care and
make to build prosperous, healthy and equitable
development system, appropriating funds
societies. Article 26 of the 1948 Universal
therefor and for other purposes.”
Declaration of Human Rights states that “Everyone
 Republic Act 10533. “An act enhancing the
has the right to education.” Today however, a lot of
Philippine basic education by strengthening
children remain out of school. Education is not only
its curriculum and increasing the number of
a right, but a passport to human development that
years for basic education, appropriating funds
opens doors and expands opportunities and
therefor and for other purposes.”
freedoms.
 Republic Act 9442. “An act amending RA No.
K-12 Inclusion Policy 7277, otherwise known as the “Magna Carta
“Inclusive education is the core principle of the K-12
for Disabled Persons”, and for other
Basic Education Program. This promotes the right of
purposes.”
every Filipino to quality, equitable, culture-based
and complete basic education. Through inclusive
 PL 101 – 476: “Individual with Disabilities
Education Act”
education, all Filipinos will realize their full potential
 Indigenous People’s Rights Act of 1997 (IPRA
and contribute meaningfully to building the nation.”
1997)(RA 8371)
United Nations (UN) Convention on
o The new name for PL 94- 142 “The
the Rights of the Child Education for All Handicapped
The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child is a
Children Act”
comprehensive, internationally blinding agreement
 Republic Act 9344. “Juvenile Justice and
on the rights of children, which was adopted by the
Welfare Act”
UN General Assembly in 1989. It is the most widely
ratified human rights treaty in history.