MICROPROCESSOR AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

GROUP MEMBER –
LOHITAKSH SINGH
MOHAMMAD MUJTABA AKHTAR
KETAN GARG
ROUNAK BAHUGUNA
 REVIEW OF FUNDAMENTALS

•
Introduction

•
Combinational Circuits

•
Sequential Circuits

•
Latches

•
Flip-flops
 SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS

• The output at any instant of time depends on the current input and previous output
variables.

• The combinational circuits use memory elements that store the state of the
sequential circuit at that time.

FLIP-FLOP
&
LATCH
 SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS

• Synchronous: outputs change only at a specified time.

• Asynchronous: outputs change at any time.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF SYNCHROUNOUS AND ASYNCHRONOUS COUNTER

 FLIP FLOPS
• A Flip Flop is a memory element that is capable of storing one bit of information.

• A bistable circuit - has two stable states.

• It is an edge-triggered circuit, i.e., the output changes corresponding to the

input present at the clock edge.

• The output remains in the memory until the

next trigger.

• It has two outputs,

• Q (the output state) and

• Q (the complimentary output state)

 S-R LATCH
• A 1-bit memory bistable device with two inputs, i.e., SET and RESET.

• The SET input 'S' set the device or produces the output 1

• The RESET input 'R' reset the device or produce the output 0.

• The SET and RESET inputs are labeled as S and R, respectively.

• Un-gated/Un-clocked:

Active Low Active High

 FLIP FLOPS
• Gated S-R Flip Flop
 FLIP FLOPS
• J-K Flip Flop
SR FLIP FLOP USING NOR GATE
 FLIP FLOPS

• D (delay) Flip Flop

 FLIP FLOPS

• T (toggle) Flip Flop

• +ve edge triggered

•