*3 lobes in buccal: mesial, middle (will become buccal

Oral Anatomy Lecture Reviewer ridge), distal

Module 5
Maxillary Premolars

Maxillary 1st Premolars

Premolars are considered as intermediate teeth

Notation:
4, 4 (palmer’s)
*roots of premolars are shorter compared to anterior 5, 12 (universal)
but almost same to molars 14, 24 (FDI)
*marginal ridges of premolars are horizontal and on
occlusal part

*buccally; premolars have 2 cusps; “bicuspids”

*only one has 3 cusps (mandibular second premolar)
*functional and non-functional cusps (looks like a
cingulum only) 2 cusp: Buccal cusp, lingual cusp
2 roots: buccal root, lingual root
MDD- mesial developmental depression (found on
trunk of root); where canine is sometimes attached;
called “Canine Fossa”
BCR- buccal cervical ridge; goes all the way to the cusp
tip
BC- buccal cusp
*pentagon-shaped in buccal view LC- lingual cusp
*all premolars have longer distal slope than mesial CL- cervical line
slopes like the cuspids except maxillary 1st premolar LC- lingual cusp
*buccolingual is broader than mesiolingual MCA- Mesial contact area (in middle third); where distal
of canine is attached
MMDG- mesial marginal developmental groove

Thomas Notches- grooves that serve as spillways

FlrnceGrnte
*there are 2 cusps and roots
*Lingual cusp is shorter than buccal cusp abt 1mm 3 lobes: buccal, mesial (longest lobe), distal (less
proximally developed or smaller)
*buccal cusp tip is placed distally hence the mesial slope Lingual Aspect
is longer than distal slope
*buccal cusp is pointed and sharp with angle 105
degrees to 110 degrees with mesial and distal slope
*prominent mesial marginal ridge groove crossing
occlusal surface
*mesial surface concavity called mesial developmental
depression below the cervical line and above the 1mm difference of buccal cusp to lingual cusp
contact area

Lingual cusp tip develops abt 90 degrees

*premolar greater buccolingually compared to
mesiodistally
*MDD wherein distal of canine is housed (canine fossa)
*contact area (not contact point) since broader mesial
and distal surface on posterior teeth
*shorter crown (cervico-occlusally) compared to
anterior
Buccal cusp tip develops abt 105 degrees
*mesial and distal slope are almost identical
* lingual ridge - crest of the lingual portion that
terminates the lingual cusp tip of the lingual cusp
Mesial Aspect

*mesial marginal developmental groove- ung maliit na

line pataas

Buccal Aspect

*root trunk is ½ in length

FlrnceGrnte

very seldom: fused roots (still has 2 root canals)
Distal Aspect
*cervical line in distal is straighter than mesial
Occlusal Aspect
*central developmental groove- green line
*mesial marginal developmental groove + distal
marginal developmental groove
*hexagonal- has 6 surfaces
Why the mesial side is shorter than distal side:
1) mesial surface is in contact with the canine (which is
not wider) compared to the distal surface which is in
contact with 2nd premolar
2) the lingual cusp is slightly shifted mesially
*MDD- mesial developmental depression
*MMRG- mesial marginal ridge groove
Maxillary 2nd Premolars
*located 5th from the midline
*shares mesial contact to maxillary first premolar and
distal contact to first molar
*replaces deciduous 2nd molar
*first premolar morphologically
FlrnceGrnte
 *cusp tip is of equal height

*the root is single and it tapers evenly from CEJ to apex

Characteristics/Type traits: which is blunted; apical end of root is distally displaced
1) 2nd premolar is smaller than 1st premolar Mesial Aspect
2) 2nd premolar is more convex (round) than 1st
premolar
3) at abt 1mm, mas mataas ang buccal cusp sa
lingual cusp ng maxillary 1st premolar; while in
maxillary 2nd premolar, both buccal and lingual
cusps are nearly the same height
4) no depressions, marginal ridges, grooves,
concavities in maxillary 2nd premolar
5) maxillary premolar is single-rooted (variations:
sometimes bifurcated roots/ bi-rooted)
Buccal Aspect

*contact area: mesial- very close to marginal ridge

(slightly more cervical level)

*both cusp tips are wider and placed more apart than in
maxillary 1st premolar because the buccalinggual is
broad or wider in second premolar than first premolar
Distal Aspect

*kung ang cusp ng maxillary 1st premolar is obtuse (105-

110 degrees); the buccal cusp of maxillary 2nd premolar
is more rounded, less sharp, and shorter because it
looks like the teeth next to is (1st premolar and 1st molar
mostly)
*to know if right or left, look at apical end of root and
where it tilts; normally it bends slightly to distal
*cusp tip is tilted towards mesial; mesial cusp slope is
*distal surface is wider because it is connected to the 1st
shorter than distal cusp slope (unlike in 1st premolar its
molar
cusp tip is tilted distally so distal cusp slope is shorter
*contact area:
than mesial)
*distal developmental depression is deeper in distal
Lingual Aspect aspect than mesial aspect
Occlusal Aspect

FlrnceGrnte
*cusp tip shifted towards the mesial
*identifying cuspal slopes; shorter mesial cusp ridge
than distal cusp ridge
*apical end of roots usually tilted distally

*uncommon: bi-rooted

-8 premolars of adult

-3 cusps for mandibular 2nd premolar that’s why

confusing yung “bicuspid”

FlrnceGrnte
*Buccal ridge yung mahabang line
*Thomas notches ung dalwang maliit lines

*green line: mesial slope

*buccal root is 3-4mm shorter than max canine

-arrows show developmental depressions of mesial

aspect
-lower blue arrow shows the “canine fossa”

FlrnceGrnte
 -DMR is cervically located than MMR because
connected to molar (wider)

-red arrow: mesial marginal developmental groove

-yellow arrow: furcation

FlrnceGrnte
 *the OCCLUSAL TABLE (lilitaw sa test)^

-right black arrow: mesiobuccal dev groove

-left: distobuccal

-most supplemental grooves: maxillary second premolar

*that single root may have two canals

FlrnceGrnte
*maxillary second premolar is also called “wrinkled”
because of so many supplemental groove

FlrnceGrnte
4 bonus questions for CUSPIDS quiz:
1) The eruption pattern of mandibular canine is
at age of _
2) The _ is a mutually protected occlusion where
the vertical and horizontal overlap of the
canine teeth causes this engagement
3) The cervical line on the mesial aspect outlines
the base of the crown more towards the cusp
tip on an average of approximating _mm at
the CEJ
4) The root variation of mandibular canine may
appear as _

BONUS QUESTIONS FOR THE premolars QUIZ:

cervical cross section of maxillary first premolar is
a) dumbbell shape
b) kidney shape
c) elliptical shape
d) oval shape
following linear elevation circumscribe the occlusal
table of maxillary premolar EXCEPT:
a) linear triangular ridge
b) distal triangular ridge
c) MMR (mesial marginal ridge)
d) MBCR (mesiobuccal cuspal ridge)
e) DBCR (distobuccal cuspal ridge)

In viewing the occlusal surface of maxillary 1st

premolar, the crest of the buccal ridge is _ the crest of
the lingual ridge
a) In line with
b) Mesial to
c) Distal to
d) Oblique in relation with

---study the calcifications of premolars

In the maxillary 1st premolar, the depression in the

occlusal surface just mesial to the distal marginal ridge
is called
a) Distal pit
b) Distal triangular fossa
c) Mesial pit
d) Mesial triangular fossa

FlrnceGrnte