*Buccal cusp is functional and lingual cusp is

Oral Anatomy Lecture Reviewer non-functional (lingual cusp is also a large

prominent cingulum; located almost half or 1/3
Module 6 of the buccal cusp)
Mandibular Premolars 3) Both mesial and distal marginal ridges are
angulated 45 degrees from the long axis of the
tooth
4) Mesial contact area is located a little bit lower
level than the distal
*mesial marginal ridge being closer to the
cervical line
*both teeth are succedaneous to deciduous 1st and 2nd *distal contact area connected to mesial of 2nd
molars man. premolar which is wider/higher
*only buccal cusp is functional particularly in 5) Mesiolingual developmental groove (MLDG) is
mandibular 1st premolar located at the corner of the mesial marginal
*man. 1st premolar looks like mandibular canine ridge and mesial slope of lingual cusp
*2nd mandibular premolar looks like molar
4 lobes: mesial lobe, distal lobe, middle lobe (buccal
ridge), lingual lobe (lingual ridge)
-Lingual cusp is not in occlusion to the opposite arch
because mas mababa; non-functional cusp
Mandibular 1st Premolar
Notation:
4,4 (palmer’s)
44,34 (FDI)
28,21 (universal)

*mesiolingual developmental groove

5)^ the only difference is the cingulum of 1st premolar is

more pronounced than canine’s cingulum
1) Smallest tooth among all premolars
2) Has 2 cusps (buccal cusp is functional and
*the maxillary 1st premolar is the only premolar with
lingual cusp is non-functional) and a single root
longer mesiobuccal cusp ridge

FlrnceGrnte

*contact areas of posterior teeth are more buccally
placed than lingually
Buccal Aspect
Outline: pentagon
Geometric: trapezoid
*buccal surface has a pentagon outline similar to
*contact areas are broad in both surfaces because the
crown height is shorter than any other anterior teeth
but longer than molars
*Buccal cusp tip is pointed and has short mesial slope
and longer distal slope= buccal cusp tip is towards the
mesial
*root is less in measurement than the canine
Lingual Aspect
*very small non-functional lingual cusp; looks like a
cingulum than a cusp
*all the dimensions in this aspect is less
*the crown converges towards the lingual
*from buccal cusp tip, it slopes towards the lingual in
cervical area (pababa)
*the cervical portion is narrow and convex in shape
*the root is narrower in lingual; may depression sa side
ng root
*presence of MLDG originates from mesial pit and
crosses the occlusal surface on the corner of mesial
marginal ridge
Mesial and Distal Aspect
To identify if right or left:
-Mesiolingual developmental groove (on the mesial
aspect); there’s no distolingual dev. groove
-distal surface is shorter and wider buccolingually than
mesial surface (because in contact with 2nd premolar)
-cervical line is less curved in distal
-distal marginal ridge does not slope steeply towards
cervical line
-mesial marginal ridge is steep (pababa tlg)
-contact areas are similar for both mesial and distal
(middle third more buccally);
only difference:
mesial- contact point is on middle third
distal- similar to mesial but broader
why is the MMR closer to the cervical area?
*the inclination of mesial aspect is towards the lingual
*the DMR is also longer
*part of DMR can be seen from mesial aspect because
of more cervical presence of MMR
*the contact area is circular and ovoid in shape in the
mesial aspect and more towards the buccal which is
located in the middle third
Occlusal Aspect
*looks like diamond in shape because it has a notch
located at a mesiolingual development groove on
mesial outline
*2 cusps: buccal cusp and lingual cusp
FlrnceGrnte
*2 triangular depressions: mesial fossa and distal fossa
(bounded by a transverse ridge, marginal ridges, and
cuspal ridges/slopes)
-Mesial fossa is linear in shape
-Distal fossa is larger and more circular
Looks like a snake-eye
*the central developmental groove extends
mesiodistally and ends on distal pit and mesial pit (na
nasa fossa)
*Central groove separates 2 triangular ridges: buccal
triangular ridge and lingual triangular ridge which
becomes the transverse ridge
*the mesial developmental groove extends from the
mesial triangular fossa in a mesiolingual direction where
it crosses the MMR onto the mesial and forms the
Mesiolingual Developmental Groove
*mandibular first premolar usually has a shallow/ does
not present a central developmental groove
The mandibuar 1st premolar usually have no central
developmental groove, TRUE OR FALSE?
*TRUE daw sa board exam
*definition ni sir: mandibular 1st premolar usually have a
shallow or does not present a central developmental
groove (true daw)
In the mandibular premolar, it is this part that does not
crosses the central developmental groove: transverse
ridge
Mandibular 2st Premolar
Notation:
*larger than mandibular first premolar
*well-developed cusps (all functional)
*converges very little (not at all sometimes) esp. in the
3 cusps towards the lingual
Why is the convergence little? There are two cusps
present in lingual surface in 3 cusp type occlusal surface
*marginal ridges are horizontal
3 types of occlusal surfaces; occurs in two forms:
2 cusp types- H type and U type
3 cusp type- Y type (most common)
Buccal Aspect
*buccal cusp tip is rounded a little bit; not as sharp as 1st
mandibular premolar because it is less inclined
*outline: pentagon
*height of contour is on the middle third
*crown height is shorter than any anterior teeth but
larger than the molar
*one-rooted, fairly straight, less than the lower canine
*shorter mesial slope; longer distal slope
*less prominent buccal ridge than 1st mandibular
premolar
*shape of root form is similar to 1st premolar
*apex are sometimes tilted towards distal
FlrnceGrnte
Lingual Aspect

*3 cusps (common look)
*buccal cusp is higher in a few mm than lingual cusp
*more developed and prominent lingual cusp than
mandibular 1st premolar
*shorter lingual cusp than buccal cusp
*3 cusps: buccal cusp, mesiolingual cusp, distolingual
cusp
*mesiolingual cusp is wider bigger longer than
distolingual cusp
*mesiolingual and distolingual cusps are divided by the
lingual groove in the center of the two despite their
difference in size
*the height of contour of lingual surface is found on the
occlusal third of the crown (not a contact area)
Mesial Aspect
Mesial aspect^
2nd bullet:
3rd bullet: mas prominent and well-developed lingual
lobe in mand. 2nd premolar; less prominent and non-
functional lingual lobe in mand. 1st premolar
4th bullet: right angle 90 degrees from long axis and
horizontal ung marginal ridges ng mand. 2nd premolar;
45 degrees and slightly vertical ung marginal ridge sa
mand. 1st premolar
Distal Aspect
*Distal marginal ridge is more cervically placed than the
mesial that’s why visible yung occlusal part ng distal
kesa mesial
*smaller distolingual
*contact area: anywhere in the middle third
*wider buccalingually, looks like an ovoid shape, Why?
Because in contact with the first molar
Occlusal Aspect

*mesial marginal ridge is higher than the mandibular

first premolar’s
*buccal cusp tip is shorter, less sharp, and the mesial
and distal slopes are shorter
*the distolingual cusp and triangular ridge is not visible
*height of contour: buccal-middle third, lingual-occlusal
third
*contact point: broader and circular in shape and 3 cusps: square-shaped
located at the junction of occlusal and middle third 2 cusps: round/oval-shaped
which is more towards the buccal surface

FlrnceGrnte
*3 cusp type appears square bc buccolingual dimension 2 cusp: the mesial fossa is bounded by mesial marginal
is slightly more than mesiodistal dimension ridge, transverse ridge, mesial cusp slope
*all 3 cusp vary in height: buccal cusp (heighest),
mesiolingual (second highest), distolingual (smallest)

*Mesial triangular fossa and distal triangular fossa

*Main groove pattern on the two cusp type resembles
H type and U type
U-type: The central groove extends from mesial pit to
the distal pit and joined by the portion of buccal
First bullet: bounded by 2 cusp ridges and marginal grooves (crescent shape)
ridges H type: formed by central groove to mesial and distal
Mesial triangular fossa is bounded by mesial marginal developmental grooves and buccal grooves + lingual
ridge, lingual cusp ridge of buccal cusp, and buccal cusp grooves
ridge of mesiolingual cusp
Distal triangular fossa is bounded by distal marginal
ridge, lingual cusp ridge of buccal cusp, and buccal cusp
ridge of distolingual cusp
--
Central pit- deepest pit; located on the lingual side
more to the distal because the mesiolingual cusp is
wider than distolingual cusp; found at junction of center
groove and lingual groove
Mesial pit: at the junction of central groove (that
extends from mesial pit to the distal pit in a shallow V-
form) and mesial developmental groove
3rd congenitally missing- mandibular second premolar

dilaceration (4th tooth)

very long root (2nd tooth)
dwarfism (1st tooth)
*2 cusp has transverse ridge; 3 cusp has no transverse
ridge
*there’s no central pit because there’s a transverse
ridge

FlrnceGrnte