Waves

Lab Report
Part 1
Abstract
The experiment is about comparison of waves under different methods. We have to observe the result
of waves produced by a string. We have to find the frequencies at which string produce the stationary
waves. We can set fix amplitude of the simulator and find wavelength using the formula. Then the
information will be used to drive further calculations and represent it using graphs and diagrams.

Introduction
In this experiment we compared the different types of waves and under different circumstances. We
change the variable like frequency, wavelength and amplitude to observe its effect on wave. We have to
repeat same procedure three time

● Fixed at both ends

● Free at both ends

● Free at one end

The information was included in a table.

Standing wave is created when two travelling waves of the same frequency, polarization and amplitude
travelling opposite direction superimpose with each other. Transverse waves are the one where
amplitude is perpendicular to its wavelength and longitudinal wave is when amplitude is parallel to its
wavelength.

STRING FIXED AT BOTH ENDS

Frequency Hz 1/Frequency Hz Nodes Anti-Nodes Wavelength Wavelengths

0.42 2.38 2 1 0.15 1/2

0.83 1.20 3 2 0.075 2/2
1.25 0.80 4 3 0.05 3/2
1.67 0.60 5 4 0.0375 4/2
2.09 0.48 6 5 0.03 5/2
Part 5

Linear mass density is the measure of amount of mass per unit. Its unit is kg/m. Generally, this is used
for long and thin objects like string. The slope of graph also represents linear density.

Linear density = mass/Length

Linear density = y2-y1/X2-X1

= 0.15- 0.03 / 2.34 - 0.48

= 0.063 kg/ meter

6) The speed of transverse wave (v) = v=μT

μ= 0.063 kg/m , T= 10 N
v= 0.63m/s
STRING FREE AT BOTH ENDS

Frequency Hz 1/Frequency Hz Nodes Anti-Nodes Wavelengths

0.105 9.5 1 2 1/2

0.21 4.76 2 3 2/2
0.42 2.38 3 4 3/2
0.84 1.19 4 5 4/2
1.68 0.60 5 6 5/2
STRING FREE AT ONE END

Frequency Hz 1/Frequency Hz Nodes Anti-Nodes Wavelengths

0.21 4.76 1 1 0.3

0.63 1.58 2 2 0.1
1.05 0.95 3 3 0.06
1.47 0.68 4 4 0.04
1.89 0.53 5 5 0.03
Conclusion:

A node will always form at the fixed end while an antidote will always form at free end. The loose end
didn’t cause any face change or reflection. The wave vibrates back from the same side it came either
upward or downward. We observed that for both fixed ends the number of nodes is greater than
number of antinodes. On the other hand, number of antinodes is one more then number of nodes for
both free ends. The number of nodes and antinodes are same for one loose and one fixed end. The
experiment shows the different results based on the fixed ends, one end free and both ends free. We
observed that fundamental frequency got lowered as we changed from both ends fixed to one end
fixed. We understood about the relationship between frequency, wavelength and speed of wave.