Classification

Classification basic

• The separation of solid particles into several fractions based upon their
terminal velocities is called classification .
• Suppose for example , that two the separation of solid particles
into several fractions based upon their terminal velocities is called
classification .
• If the water velocity is adjusted to a value between the terminal
velocities of the two particles, a separation will result .
• The slower settling particle will move upward with the water, while the
faster-settling particle will simultaneously settle out to the bottom .
 Classification basic

• Another way to separate the particles would be to feed the suspension

through a tank of large cross-sectional area . When the fluid stream enters
the tank , the horizontal velocity component decreases , and the particles
start to settle . The faster-settling particles will tend to accumulate near
the inlet , but the slower-settling particles will be carried farther and will
concentrate nearer the exit .
Classification

• Suppose two different materials a and b are present in a solid

particulate mixture with a more dense than b . If the size range of the
two materials is large , no complete separation is likely because the
terminal velocities of the largest particles of b may be greater than
that of the smallest particles of a .
Classification
Classification for turbulent flow

From the shape of the drag coefficient –Reynolds number diagram , it is evident that the
value of the drag coefficient is essentially constant at high values of the Reynolds number.
Classification for laminar flow
 Condition for separation
• Separation is possible only if a separation ratio , defined as the ratio
of the size of the smallest particle of a to that of the largest particle of
b, is greater than
 Math
• A mixture of silica and galena is to be separated by hydraulic classification.
The mixture has a size range between 0.008 cm and 0.07 cm . The density
of galena is 7.5 gm /cu cm , and the density of the silica is 2.65 gm/cu cm .
Assume the sphericity = 0.806. (a) What water velocity is necessary for a
pure galena product ? Assume unhindered settling of the particles and a
water temperature of 65 ° F . (b) What is the maximum size range
the galena product ?
 Math solution
• For equal -sized silica and galena particles, the heavier galena will settle
faster. Therefore, the settling velocity of the largest silica particle will
determine the water velocity. A water velocity equal to this settling velocity
should give a pure galena product .
.
Math solution
b)
• Steps : a. Consider a particle size, D
b. Determine Cd for that Vt found in problem a
c. Determine Reynolds number
d. Determine again particle size Dnew.
e. If Dnew = Dinitial then stop or else do the iteration again.
Graph
Classification instruments
Classification instruments
Math to be solved
• 22.3,22.4, 22.5,22.6,22.7,22.9, 22.10