DOA BELAJAR

PEMBUKA BELAJAR

“Kami ridho Allah SWT sebagai Tuhanku, Islam sebagai agamaku, dan Nabi Muhammad
sebagai Nabi dan Rasul, Ya Allah, tambahkanlah kepadaku ilmu dan berikanlah aku
kefahaman”
PENGANTAR ANATOMI FISIOLOGI
PRAKTIKUM

ASTIKA NUR ROHMAH, S.KEP., NS., M.BIOMED

RATIH KUSUMA DEWI, S.KEP., NS., M.BIOMED
ANATOMI FISIOLOGI
OKTOBER, 2022
 Bahan Kajian
• Anatomy And Physiology Defined
• Levels Of Structural Organization
• Eleven System Of The Human Body
• Basic Life Processes
• Basic Anatomical Terminology
 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY DEFINED

Anatomy
• is the science of body structures and the
relationships among them.
Physiology
• is the science of body functions—how the body parts
work.
 LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION

1. Chemical level
Atoms = the smallest units of matter
that participate in chemical reactions,
Atoms such as carbon (C), hydrogen (H),
oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus
(P), calcium (Ca), and sulfur (S), are
essential for maintaining life
Molecules

Molecules = two or more atoms joined

together, Two familiar molecules found in the
body are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the
genetic material passed from one generation
to the next, and glucose, commonly known as
blood sugar.
 LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION

2. Cellular level
Molecules combine to form
cells, the basic structural and
Molecules functional units of an organism.

Cells

Cells are the smallest living units in

the human body. Among the many
kinds of cells in your body are
muscle cells, nerve cells, and
epithelial cells.
 LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION

3. Tissue level

Cells

Tissues are groups of cells and the

Tissues materials surrounding them that
work together to perform a
particular function.

There are just four basic types of

tissue in your body: epithelial
tissue, connective tissue, muscular
tissue, and nervous tissue.
 LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION

4. Organ level

Tissues

organs are structures that are

Organ composed of two or more different
types of tissues; they have specific
functions and usually have
recognizable shapes.

Examples of organs are the stomach,

skin, bones, heart, liver, lungs, and
brain.
 LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION
5. System and Organismal Level
A system consists of related organs with a common
function. An example of the system level, also called
Organ
the organ-system level, is the digestive system, which
breaks down and absorbs food.

System
Its organs include the mouth, salivary glands, pharynx
(throat), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large
intestine, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Sometimes
an organ is part of more than one system. The
Organisme pancreas, for example, is part of both the digestive
system and the hormone-producing endocrine
system.
Organismal level. An organism,
any living individual, All the
parts of the human body
functioning together constitute
the total organism.
Eleven System of the Human Body
Eleven System of the Human Body
Eleven System of the Human Body
Eleven System of the Human Body
Eleven System of the Human Body
Eleven System of the Human Body
 Basic Life Processes

Metabolism Responsiveness Movement

Growth Differentiation Reproduction

 HOMEOSTASIS

Homeostasis is the condition of equilibrium (balance) in the body’s

internal environment due to the constant interaction of
the body’s many regulatory processes.

is a dynamic condition. In response to changing conditions,

the body’s equilibrium can shift among points in a narrow
range that is compatible with maintaining life.

For example, the level of glucose in blood normally stays

between 70 and 110 milligrams of glucose per 100
milliliters of blood.
 BASIC ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY

In the anatomical position, the subject

stands erect facing the observer, with
the head level and the eyes facing
directly forward.

In the anatomical position, the body is

upright. Two terms describe a reclining
body. If the body is lying face down, it is
in the prone position. If the body is lying
face up, it is in the supine position.
BASIC ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY
 Planes and Sections

1. Bidang median (medianus): bidang yang

membagi tepat tubuh menjadi bagian kanan
dan kiri
2. Bidang sagital (Bidang Paramedian): bidang
yang membagi tubuh menjadi dua bagian dari
titik tertentu (tidak membagi tepat dua bagian).
Bidang ini sejajar dengan bidang median.
3. Bidang horizontal (Transversalis): bidang
yang terletak melintang melalui tubuh (bidang
X-Y). Bidang ini membagi tubuh menjadi bagian
atas (superior) dan bawah (inferior).
4. Bidang koronal (Frontalis): bidang vertikal
yang melalui tubuh, letaknya tegak lurus
terhadap bidang median atau sagital. Membagi
tubuh menjadi bagian depan (frontal) dan
belakang (dorsal).
Planes and Sections
 Planes and Sections

A frontal or coronal plane divides

the body or an organ into anterior
(front) and posterior (back)
portions.

A transverse plane divides the

body or an organ into superior
(upper) and inferior (lower)
portions.

Other names for a transverse plane are a

cross-sectional or horizontal plane.
Sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes are
all at right angles to one another.
 Regional Names

The principal regions are the

head, neck, trunk, upper
limbs, and lower limbs
• The head consists of the skull and
face.
• The trunk consists of the chest,
abdomen, and pelvis
• Each lower limb also attaches to the
trunk and consists of the buttock,
thigh (portion of the limb from the
buttock to the knee), leg (portion of
the limb from the knee to the
ankle), ankle, and foot.
Planes and Sections
Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants
LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM

• Sampul: Tuliskan nama Mata Kuliah dan topik praktikum; logo unisa; nama dan NIM; dosen
pengampu; Nama prodi, Fakultas, Universitas, tahun pengerjaan. (Bisa anda cek pada contoh
pembuatan sampul laporan praktikum )
• Bab I: latar belakang mempelajari Anatomi Fisiologi, manfaat, Tujuan, Tempat dan Waktu
Pelaksanaan Praktikum.
• Bab II: tinjauan pustaka (definisi anatomi dan fisiologi, tingkat struktur dan organisme,
terminology anatomi
• Bab III: jawaban dari soal yang anda kerjakan yang ada di modul
• Bab IV : Kesimpulan dan Daftar pustaka: harus bersumber dari sumber yang dapat
dipertanggungjawabkan (ex: ebook, buku, jurnal atau artikel ilmiah 10 tahun terakhir).
*Laporan dikumpulkan 1 minggu setelah praktikum berlangsung
 REFERENSI

• Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 23rd edition.

• Guyton AC & Hall JE (2011). Textbook of Medical Physiology, 11th Edition,

• Linda S. Costanzo (2014). Physiologi. 5th Edition.

• Tortora GJ & Derickson B (2009). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 12th edition.
 PENUTUP BELAJAR
‫يم‬
ِ ‫ح‬ ‫ن ه‬
ِ ‫الر‬ َ ‫ح‬
ِ ‫م‬ ِ ‫م ه‬
‫َّللا ه‬
ْ ‫الر‬ ْ ِ‫ب‬
ِ ‫س‬

‫ه‬ ْ ‫ار ُز ْق َنا‬

ُ َ‫اِِْ َناب‬ ْ ‫و‬َ ً ‫طا‬
ِ ‫ل بَا‬
َ ‫ط‬ ْ ‫وأَ ِرنَا‬
ِ ‫البَا‬ َ َ‫ار ُز ْق َنا اتِـب‬
َ ُ ‫اعه‬ ْ ‫و‬ ًّ ‫ح‬
َ ‫قا‬ ‫ح ه‬
َ ‫ق‬ ْ ‫م أَ ِرنَا‬
َ ‫ال‬ ‫اَلله ُه ه‬

Ya Allah Tunjukkanlah kepada kami kebenaran sehinggga kami dapat

mengikutinya,
Dan tunjukkanlah kepada kami keburukan sehingga kami dapat menjauhinya.