OVERVIEW

ANATOMY &
PHYSIOLOGY
Mrs. Tina Joy G. Mante, RN, MAN
Anatomy & Physiology Overview
• Definition and Types of Anatomy
• Definition and Types of Physiology
• Structural and Functional Organization
• Characteristics of Life
INTRODUCTION

• Introduce your self in the class

by stating your name and
your most favorite part of
your body and why.
PreTest
 WHAT:
Anatomy is
the study of
the structure,
or physical The Human
Body: An
form, of the
HOW: body
The function, or Orientation
physiology, of each body
part and the body as a WHY:
whole is dependent on
the anatomy of those Will help you learn
parts; in other words structures and functions so
structure determines you can understand the
function. role of individual organs
and body systems and how
they interact to support
life.
Anatomy
( ah-nat’ o – me)
• Is the study of the structure and shape

of the body and it’s parts and

their relationships to one another.
• Derived from the Greek words meaning (to
cut) “–tomy” ; (apart) – “ana”
Gross Anatomy

• Whenever we look at our own body and

study large body structure such as the
heart or bones, that is, we are studying
large easily observable structures
Microscopic Anatomy

• The study of body structures that are too

small to be seen with the naked eye.
• The cells and tissues of the body can only
be seen through a microscope.
Physiology (fiz’e-ol’ o –je)

Is the study of how the body

and it’s parts work or function
“physio” – (nature);
“ology” – (the study of)
Like anatomy, physiology has
many subdivisions.
For example, neurophysiology
explains the workings of the
nervous system, and cardiac
physiology studies the function
of the heart.
Relationship between Anatomy and
Physiology

The lungs The heart

Level of Structural Organization
 From Atoms to Organisms

cell
atoms molecules Smooth muscle

CHEMICAL LEVEL CELLULAR LEVEL

 FROM
ATOMS TO CARDIOVASCULAR
ORGANISMS SYSTEM : ORGAN
SYSTEM LEVEL

SMOOTH MUSCLE
TISSUE: TISSUE
LEVEL

HUMAN ORGANISM : Blood vessel :

ORGANISMAL LEVEL ORGAN LEVEL
30 MINUTE BREAK
ORGAN SYSTEM OVERVIEW:
11 ORGAN SYSTEMS
• INTEGUMENTARY
• SKELETAL
• MUSCULAR
• NERVOUS
• ENDOCRINE
• CARDIOVASCULAR
• LYMPHATIC
• RESPIRATORY
• DIGESTIVE
• URINARY
• REPRODUCTIVE
 ORGAN SYSTEMS

1. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM 2. SKELETAL SYSTEM

The external
covering of
the body, or
the skin,
hair and
nails.
 ORGAN SYSTEMS

3. MUSCULAR SYSTEM 4. NERVOUS SYSTEM

Skeletal
muscles –
contract or
shorten to
enable
movement
 ORGAN SYSTEMS
6. CARDIOVASCULAR
5. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM SYSTEM

Endocrine Glands
produce chemicals
called hormones
which regulate
other structures
ORGAN SYSTEMS
7. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM 8. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
ORGAN SYSTEMS
9. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 10. URINARY SYSTEM
Breaks down food into
absorbable nutrients
that enter the blood
for distribution to the
body cells
Eliminates nitrogen-
containing wastes
from the body;
regulates water,
electrolyte, and
acid-base balance of
the blood, and
helping to regulate
normal BP
ORGAN SYSTEM
11.REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
WHAT
QUESTIONS DO
YOU HAVE IN
MIND?
 WORD GAME
IDENTIFY THE JUMBLED WORDS OF ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE
BODY, BRIEFY DESCRIBE THE FUNCTION OF EACH SYSTEM, THEN
NAME TWO ORGANS IN EACH SYSTEM

1. HLAMCPIYT 7. OUSNVRE

2. TIVEDGSIE 8. EELKLSAT

3. ESRARIPORTY 9. UUALRMCS

4. UIYRRAN 10. OEEDNNIRC

5. IVEEPROCRUTD 11. SUAOALACRIDVRC

6. RYATENUMNITEG
 NECESSARY LIFE
FUNCTIONS
• WHAT DOES THIS
HIGHLY ORGANIZED
 MAINTAINING BOUNDARIES

 MOVEMENT
HUMAN BODY DO?  RESPONSIVENESS

 DIGESTION
ORGAN SYSTEMS WORK
TOGETHER TO PROMOTE THE  METABOLISM
WELL-BEING OF THE ENTIRE  DISPOSE OF
BODY. WASTES(EXCRETION)

 REPRODUCTION

 GROWTH
 SURVIVAL NEEDS

NUTRIENTS (FOOD)-contains chemicals

used for energy and cell building
OXYGEN- chemical reactions that
release energy from foods require
oxygen
WATER –accounts for 60-80 % of
body weight; provide the fluid base for
body secretions and excretions
 SURVIVAL NEEDS

APPROPRIATE TEMPERATURE- if body temperature

drops below 37 deg Celsius, metabolic reactions
become slower and slower and finally stop;
if temp is too high, chemical reactions proceed too
rapidly, and body proteins begin to break down.

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE(the force exerted on the

surface of the body by the weight of air) – breathing
in the lungs depend on appropriate atmospheric
pressure. At high altitudes, where the air is thin and
atmospheric pressure is lower, gas exchange may be
too slow to support cellular metabolism.
WHAT
QUESTIONS DO
YOU HAVE IN
MIND?
SUMMARY
POST TEST