PRINCE ROY

12 J

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12 J

NAME PRINCE ROY

CLASS & SECTION XII - J

ROLL NUMBER 24

TOPIC ELECTRONIC EYE

DATE OF SUBMISSION 18-05-2022

TEACHER’S NAME NITIN JADHAV

TEACHER’S SIGNATURE

TEACHER’S REMARKS

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This is to certify that PRINCE ROY, a student of class XII-J,

Ryan International School, Sanpada has successfully completed the
coursework of physics, that is “Electronic Eye” under the guidance
of Mrs. AMARESH JAISWAL during 2020-21 in partial
fulfilment of physics practical examination of Central Board of
Secondary Education.

Signature of Internal Examiner:

Signature of External Examiner:

Signature of Principal:

School stamp:

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere and special

gratitude to our Principal Ma’am, Mrs. Muriel
Fernandes of our esteemed Ryan International
School, Sanpada for always encouraging us to excel
in all that we do. I would like to thank my Physics
teacher Mrs. AMARESH JAISWAL for her
continuous guidance and encouragement and immense
motivation which helped me at all stages of this
project. Lastly, I would like to thank my family
and friends for helping me in the completion of the
project.

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AIM OF THE PROJECT

The aim of the project is to study the working of

an Electronic Eye .

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SERIAL TOPIC PAGE

NO. NO.
1 Certificate 3

2 Acknowledgment 4

3 Aim of the project 5

4 Introduction 7

5 Theory 8

6 Apparatus required 11

7 Circuit diagram 12

8 Procedure 13

9 Observation 14
10 Precautions and 15
sources of error
11 Bibliography 16

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INTRODUCTION
An Electronic Eye is a photodetector used for detecting
obstruction of a light beam. An example is the door safety system
used on garage door openers that use a light transmitter and
receiver at the bottom of the door to prevent closing if there is any
obstruction in the way that breaks the light beam.

In 1936, Dr. Albert Einstein and Dr. Gustav Bucky received

a patent for a design which applied the electric eye to a camera.
The camera was capable of automatically determining the proper
aperture and exposure.
The device does not provide an image; only presence of light is
detectable. But infrared radiation conceals the operation of the
device and typically is used in modern systems.
Electronic eye is also called magic eye. Electronic eye is a
simple electronic device that continuously watches if anyone
is visiting your home.

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THEORY
The electronic eye can be used in two different
types:

(1) LDR: is having light sensitive placed to its upper

surface that is ceramic, it is designed in snake shape, due
to this it can obtain required resistance and power ratings.

(2) LED: a formation of a complete atom and light is

emitted in the form of energy packets. Based on the voltage
applied through the diode leads, the electrons and holes
movement takes place and thus, the light is emitted. This
effect is called as electroluminescence. The colour of the
emitted light depends upon the band gap of the
semiconductors.

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(1) LDR are the light dependent resistor, they are also
called as photo resistors or photocells or photoconductor.
They are used to sense or detect the level of light. LDR is
the component that has the basic working principle, since
they are light dependent device, resistance decreases as the
light falls on the sensor, vice versa, in dark the resistance
increases, and depending upon the circuitry the LED glows
or the BUZZER produces sound.

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2. LED The light emitting diode is a specially doped p-n

junction diode which emits light when in the forward biased
condition. The basic principle of an LED is when in forward
biased condition the flow of electron and holes increases and starts
throwing one another out. The electrons flow from n-type
substrate to p-type substrate. This leads to a formation of a
complete atom and light is emitted in the form of energy packets.
energy consumption, longer lifetime and physical robustness. The
light emitted from LED is different from that emitted through
laser. The emitted light is neither coherent nor monochromatic.

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APPARATUS REQUIRED

 7805 Regulator
 Resistors – 220Ω x 2, 1KΩ x 2, 100KΩ
 1N4007 PN Diode
 Capacitors – 1µF, 10µF
 Transistors – BC 547 x 2
 Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)
 Buzzer
 LED
 Bread board
 Connecting wires
 9V battery

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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PROCEDURE

 Initially, connect the circuit as shown in the circuit

diagram on a bread board.
 Now connect the supply voltage of 9V using a
battery.
 Place the Light Dependent Resistor in light. You
can observe no sound is produced from the
buzzer.
 Place the LDR in dark and the buzzer starts
making sound. Also the LED connected to the
buzzer will be turned ON.
 As the intensity falling on the LDR increases sound
produced by the buzzer increases.

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OBSERVATIONS

(1.)When the output from first transistor is high, the buzzer

starts ringing. Led is also turned on.

(2.)This resistance value will decrease gradually when it is

placed in the light. Thus, there is a variation in the series
resistances.

(3.)When the LDR is in dark it has high resistance and

produces the logic high value at the output.

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PRECAUTIONS

(1.)Avoid contact with all energized electrical

circuits.

(2.)Connections should be tight.

(3.)The Eye lens strictly not to be touched or

moving from the board .

SOURCES OF THE ERROR

Connecting wires should be insulatedto
prevent disturbance .

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

 https://www.electronicshub.o
rg/electronic-eye-controlled-
security-system/

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Electric_eye

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