2022-2023

Fall Semester

Math (0)

Dr. Noha Younis

 Chapter (1)
Functions cont.

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Absolute Value:

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 Example (1):

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 1  no real solution

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 -In the set of real numbers, negative numbers do
not have square roots.

-Imaginary numbers were invented so that negative

numbers would have square roots and certain
equations would have solutions.

-These numbers were devised using an imaginary

unit named i.

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i  1
 -The imaginary numbers consist of all numbers bi,
where b is a real number and i is the imaginary unit,
with the property that i² = -1.

Powers of i
i i
1
i  1
2
i  i
3
i 1
4

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 Example (1): Express these numbers in terms of i

1.) 5  1*5  1 5  i 5

2.)  7   1* 7   1 7  i 7

3.) 99  1* 99  1 99

 i 3 311  3i 11
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 4) 47i  2  94i
5) 2i  5  2i  1* 5  2i  i 5
 2i 2
5  2 5

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Complex Numbers:

a + bi
real part
imaginary part
The complex numbers consist of all sums a + bi,
where a and b are real numbers and i is the imaginary
unit. The real part is a, and the imaginary part is bi.
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 Example (2):

1) 7i  9i  16i
7.)

2) (5  6i)  (2  11i)  3 5i

8.)

3) (2  3i)  (4  2i)  2  3i  4  2i  2  i
9.)

4)  11i    11 i 
2 2 2
 121(1)  121
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 2  i 3  10i 
Example (3):

 6  20i  3i  10i 2

 6  17i  10i 2

 6  17i 101
 6  17i  10
 16  17i
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 Conjugate

-The conjugate of a + bi is a – bi

-The conjugate of a – bi is a + bi

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 Example (4):5  9i
1 i
 5  9i 1  i 5  5i  9i  9i 2
 
1 i 1  i 1 i  i  i 2

14  4i 14  4i

1 i 2 
2
 7  2i
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