INES-RUHENGERI

FACULTY OF APPLIED FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
MODULE: FLUID MECHANICS
ACADEMIC YEAR: 2022-2023
LEVEL: II

STRUCTURED EXERCISES_Part I

1) A container of liquid with a movable piston supporting a load. Compute the magnitude of the
pressure in the liquid under the piston if the total load weight of the piston and the load is 500 N
and the area of the piston is 2500 mm2.
2) A load of 200 pound (Ib) is exerted on a piston confining oil in a circular cylinder with an
inside diameter of 2.50 inches (in). Compute the pressure in the oil at the piston. Express the
result in SI unit.
3) i) What does the compressibility refer in fluid mechanics?
ii) The bulk modulus Ev of water is 2179 MPa, compute the change in pressure that must be
applied to water to change its volume by 1.0 percent.
4) Glycerine at 20°C has a specific gravity of 1.263. Compute its density and specific weight.
5) Discuss the variation of fluid viscosity with temperature by referring to the table below:
Fluid Temperature (°C) Dynamic viscosity (Ns/m²)
Water 20 1.0 x 10-3
Gasoline 20 3.1 x 10-4
SAE 30 oil 20 3.5 x 10-1
SAE 30 oil 80 1.9 x 10-2

6) The engine oil is generally quite difficult to pour when it is cold, indicating that it has a high
viscosity. What solution can you propose in order to pour that oil?
7) Cite at least two devices or apparatuses are used to measure the viscosity?
8) Express a pressure of 155 kPa (gage) as an absolute pressure. The local atmospheric pressure
is 98 kPa.
9) Express a pressure of 225 kPa (abs) as a pressure gauge. The local atmospheric pressure is 101
kPa (abs).
10) Figure .. shows a tank of oil with one side open to the atmosphere and the other side sealed
with air above oil. The oil has a specific gravity of 0.90. Calculate the gage pressure at points A,
B, C, D, E, and F and the air pressure in the right side of the tank. Then, comment the
observation between C, B, and A.
 Air
F
1.5m
A E

3.0 m Oil

B D

3.0m

11) A news broadcaster reports that the barometric pressure is 772 mm of mercury. Calculate the
atmospheric pressure in kPa (γm=132.8 kN/m3).
12) The standard atmospheric pressure is 101.3 kPa. Calculate the height of a mercury column
equivalent to this pressure.
13) If you were to ride in open-cockpit airplane to an elevation of 1200 m above sea level, what
would the atmospheric pressure be if it conforms to the standard atmosphere?
14) A peak of certain mountain is 4000 m above sea level. What is the approximate atmospheric
pressure?
15) If milk has a specific gravity of 1.08, what is the pressure at the bottom of a milk can 550
mm deep?
16) The pressure in an unknown fluid at a depth of 1.22 m is measured to be 12.55 kPa. Compute
the specific gravity of the fluid.
17) When you dive to a depth of 3.81 m in seawater, what is the pressure?
18) A water storage tank is on the roof of a factory building and the surface of the water is 15.25
m above the floor of the factory. If a pipe connects the storage tank to the floor level and the pipe
is full of static water, what is the pressure in the pipe at floor level?
19) The fluid is gasoline (sg= 0.68) and the total depth is 3.7 m. The wall is 12.2 m long.
Calculate the magnitude of the resultant force on the wall (vertically) and the location of the
center of pressure.
20) A dam 30.5 m long that retains 8 m of fresh water and is inclined at an angle θ of 60°.
Calculate the magnitude of the resultant force on the dam and the location of the center of
pressure.
21) Determine the maximum allowable volume flow rate in l/min that can be carried through a
1
standard steel tube with an outside diameter of 1 4 𝑖𝑛 and a 0.065 in wall thickness, if the
maximum velocity is to be 3.0 m/s.
22) Determine the required size of the pipe to carry 192 m3/h of water with a maximum velocity
of 6.0 m/s.
23) Water at 10°C is flowing from section 1 to section 2. At section 1, which is 25 mm in
diameter, the gage pressure is 345 kPa and the velocity of flow is 3.0 m/s. Section 2, which is 50
mm in diameter, is 2.0 m above section 1. Assuming there are no energy losses in the system,
calculate the pressure p2.