ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

MAIN POINTS FOR REVISION

additia to nervous
coordination, higher Endocrine Glands Glands that discharge their
ms exhibit chemical coordination, which is secretions directly into the blood are called
ungun

out by some special chemicals secreted

hrought endocrine glands or ductless glands, e.g. thyroid
in very less amounts by some specialised glands,
gland, pituitary gland, etc.
alled endocrine glands.
Exocrine Glands Glands that discharge their
different
There are di ypes of endocrine glands secretions through a duct directly into the site of

present
in our ody, which activate each other and action organ called exocrine
are glands, e.g
work as asystem called endocrine system. mucous gland, sweat gland, etc.

Hormone
Heterocrine Gland The gland that works as

It is a nical
chemical
regulator.
It is a specific
messenger, exocrine as well as endocrine is called heterocrine
which releases directly into the bloodstream and gland. Pancreas is the example of such type of
raved elsewhere in the body up to the target organs. gland. It is because its exocrine portion secretes
ot pancreatic juice which helps in digestion of food.
General Properties of Hormones The endocrine portion of pancreas secretes a
Hormones are specitic in function, act on target
hormone called insulin, which control the blood
organs, tissue and cells away from the source.
sugar level.
They are secreted in minute quantities.
The study of hormones and endocrine system is
Their effects are long-lasting and slow in action. called endocrinology. Thomas Addison is called
Hormones stimulate the tissue activities. the father of endocrinology.
They control growth and development. Endocrine Glands of Human Body
They control metabolism. The major endocrine glands of human body are
They synthesise, store and utilise substances, e.g. shown below in Fig. 10.1.
tor
glucose. Hypothalamus
They are non-nutritive in nature. Pituitary gland
lark
Their deficiency and excess leads to serious
disorders in the body. Thyroid gland
Chemically they are steroids, proteins, peptides
or amino acids. Pancreas
Adrenal gland

Glands-Endocrine and Exocrine Ovary (female)

A cell, tissue or an organ that synthesises and

Testis (male)
kretes a useful chemical substance required for a
9y-X Fig. 10.1 The major endocrine glands of human body
particular function within the body is called gland.
 Location of Major Endocrine Glands in Human
Body
Adrenal glands are located on the top of each
kidney and fitting like a cap.
Pancreas
P'ancreas is located behind the stomach and
associated with the liver.
Duodenum Islets of Langerhanv
Thyroid gland is associated with neck region Fig. 10.3 Pancreas hans
below larynx.
Pituitary gland is associated with brain attached .Thyroid Gland
to hypothalamus. Thyroid gland the largest
is
situated on either side of endocrin
Adrenal Gland the trachea
The adrenal glands, also called suprarenal glands, windpipe at the lower or
extremity of thehe laryx.
are two, cream-coloured conical glands located on secretes hormones called thyroxin and
the top of each kidney and consists of an inner calcitonin.
central core the adrenal medulla and a n outer part
the adrenal cortex.
Larynx
Right adrenal Left adrenal
gland gland Right lobe -Left lobe

Isthmus Trachea
Fig. 10.4 Thyroid gland in front view
Left kidney
Right kidney Hypersecretion of thyroxin causes
exophthalni
Fig. 10.2 Adrenal glands goitre in adults. Due to this, a
person becoms
Adrenal medulla secretes two hormone overactive and nervous, may lose
weight and ha
adrenaline and nor-adrenaline. Adrenaline is protruding eyeball.
called emergency hormone. Hyposecretion of thyroxin causes hypothyroidim.
Adrenal cortex secretes a number of hormones, If it occurs in infants, the disorder is calli
such as glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids cretinism.
Hormones of adrenal cortex is involved in the
A severe deficiency or a total lack of thyroxin in
body reactions to stress and to adapt different adults produces a condition known as myxoedenm.
climatic conditions by vasoconstriction and
This causes dry skin and puffiness of the fac
vasodilation.
particularly around the eyes. The tongue becoms
.Pancreas The patient feels sleepy and cold.
Pancreas is a heterocrine gland. The islet of
enlarged.
lack of iodine in the diet usually cau
A severe
Langerhans is the endocrine part of pancrea_. It's disorder n
a-cells produce glucagon and B-cells produce insulin. simple goitre. The simple goitre is a

sweling
which thyroid gland enlarges, marked by a

- Glucagon and insulin both are antagonistic

in neck.
hormones.
Hypersecretion of insulin causes hyperglycemia Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland is a small, oval gland ofthes
hypoglycemia which
while hyposecretion causes
of a pea. It is often called the master gland or
may result in loss of consciousness called insulin
the funcuo
shock. endocrine system because it regulates

the effect of insulin. of all other endocrine glands.

Glucagon balances
ICSE Question
Bank Biology
188
 hormone
iruitary gland has three sectionsanterior Vasopressin, also called the antidiuretic
in the
netermediate lobe and posterior lobe. ADH), controls the amount of water
called
blood. Too little ADH can cause a disease
lobe,

erior lobe produ six different types of

The
r o p i ch o r m o n e s .
diabetes insipidus (bland diabetes).
to
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ADH) stimulates Oxytocin causes the muscles of the uterus

the of the adrenal glands to secrete

cortex
contact during childbirth and stimulates
to cause
glucocorticoid and steroid. contraction of cells in mammary glands
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) stimulates milk ejection.

thyroxin and Levels of hormones are controlled through complex

rhe thyroid glands to secrete

calcitonin. feedback systems, negative feedback being the most

Hormone common mechanism.
Follicle Stimulating (FSH) controls
the
the ovaries tor development of follicle and Feedback Mechanism
inhibit a
secretion of female sex hormone in females and It is a mechanism that tends to initiate or

formation of sperms in males. process. It helps to regulate

biochemical pathways.
It is a complicated mechanism involving both the
Luteinising Hormone (LH) controls the ovaries be
to bring about ovulation and secretion
of endocrine as well as nervous system. It can

oestrogen and progesterone and formation of explained with reference to TSH as follows:
corpus luteum.
Thyroxin is a hormone secreted by thyroid gland,
which helps to regulate metabolism.
Prolactin stimulates the mammary glands for
level falls or
production of milk in mothers. When the blood thyroxin
Growth Hormone (GH) also called somatotropin metabolism significantly reduced, the hypo
and releases TRH
afects growth. Too much secretion of this thalamus detects the change
in response. It
hormone during childhood can cause a person to (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)
become a giant gigantism) and too little travels to pituitary gland and stimulates the
secretion can cause a person to be a dwarf release of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), in
release more
(dwarfism). turn causing the thyroid gland to

Position of pituitary gland in the brain thyroxin into the blood.

the metabolism and thyroxin level
hypothalamus
When
becomes normal the hypothalamus releases a
which the
Anterior thyrotropin inhibiting factor, causes

lobe reduction in thyroxin hormone.

Posterior lobe
Pituitary gland Low blood levels of thyroxin
Skull bone Stimulate
or low metabolic rate

Fig. 10.5 Location of the pituitary gland Hypothalamus

TRH
I f abnormally a large amount of growth hormone is Stimulates
disease known as Inhibit release
produced in an adult, it causes a
Anterior pituitary of TRH
acromegaly distinguished by abnormal growth of gland Normal blood levels of thyroxin
lower jaw, face, hand and feet bones. Stimulates or normal metabolic rate

The intermediate lobe produces only Melanocyte follicular cells

Stimulating Hormone (MSH), which controls the Thyroid follicle
secretion of melanin pigment in the skin. Thyroxin released
into blood
The posterior lobe produces two hormones
vasopressin and oxytocin. Fig. 10.6 Negative feedback mechanism

Endocrine System 189

 LAST MINUTE HELPING TIPS
able 10. I Differences between hormonal control and nervous contro
Hormonal control Nervous control
1. It does not control metabolism.
1. It regulates metabolism and growth of the body.
2. Their response is very slow. 2. Their response is very speedy.

3. Its effect is 3. Its effect is very short-lived.

long-lasting.
4. This type of control affects different organs. 4. This type of control aftects a
particular
gland. nuscle
mu.
o

. Hormone gets transported through blood to the 5. Impulses transmitted electro-chemically thro
target organs. nerve fibre. nrough
6. It is carried out by chemicals called hormones. 6. It is carried out by conduction of nerve imn.
pulses.
Table 10.2 Differences between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus
Diabetes mellitus Diabetes insipidus
1. It is caused due to the high level of blood sugar. 1. Blood sugar is normal.
2. Glucose is excreted in urine. 2. Glucose is not excreted in urine.
3. It is due to the deficiency of insulin. 3. It is caused due to the deticiency of vasopresin
or ADH.
4. Urine output and thirst are comparatively less. 4. Urine output and thirst are excessive.

Adrenaline-An Emergency Hormone A severe lack of dietary iodine usually causes

sim
In an emergency, the adrenaline allows the body to goitre. The simple goitre is a disorder inwhi
operate with extra speed, awareness and efficiency thyroid gland enlarges, marked by a swelling inn
by enhancing the speed of sympathetic division of
ANS.
I t speeds up the heartbeat.
It increases the blood pressure.
I t makes the blood clot more readily.
Fig. 10.7 Simple goitre
I t dilates pupils of eyes. Goitre is most common in areas such as i
It increases the output of glucose from the liver regions, where iodine is lacking in the
to supply more energy.
or drinking water. This can be prevented
It diverts the blood from the intestinal tract to supplementing iodine in the diet by using iod
the muscles. salt.
Important Diagram for Practice
Location of major endocrine glands in human
body

Bank Biology
ICSE Question
190
 ,
T a b l e.
103 Summary of mammalian endocrine glands and hormones produced by them
Endocrinegland Hormones secreted Functions Hyposecretion Hypersecretion
1. Adrenal gland
(Suprarenal)
(i) Adrenal ) Mineralocorticosteroids Cushing's
Regulate plasma sodium and Addison's
cortex (aldosterone) potassium concentrations disease syndrome
(i) Glucocorticoids
Regulate carbohydrates, lipid
(cortisol, corticosterone) and protein metabolism
(ii) Sex hormones Stimulate development of
androgen in males and external sex characters both in
oestrogen in females males and females
(Gi) Adrenal Adrenalin Causes stimulation of
medulla
sympathetic division of ANS
during stress.
2. Pancreas (i) Insulin-ß cells Lowers the blood sugar level, Hypoglycemia Diabetes
(Islets of i.e. converts mellitus
glucose to glycogen
Langerhans) Gi) Glucagon-a cells Balance the effect of insulin,
i.e. converts glycogen to
glucose
(ii) Somatostatin-Y cells Inhibits the secretion of
(not in the syllabus) insulin and glucagon
3. Thyroid () Thyroxin Promotes tissue metabolism, Simple goitre, Exophthalmic
growth and differentiation cretinism in goitre
children and
myxoedema
in adults
(ii) Calcitonin Promotes movement of calcium
(not in the syllabus) ions from blood to bones
Pituitary
(i) Anterior (i) Growth hormone Body growh Dwarfism Gigantism in
pituitary (somatotropin; GH) childhood,
acromegaly in
adulthood
(i) Prolactin Promotes lactation
(ii) Adrenocorticotropic Stimulates secretion of Pigmentation
Hormone (ACTH) glucocorticoids from in Addisons
adrenal cortex disease
(iv) Thyroid Stimulating Stimulates thyroxin secretion
Hormone (TSH)
(v) Follicle Stimulating In females, growch of Graafian
Hormone (FSH) follicles and oestrogen secretion
and spermatogenesis in males
(vi) Luteinising Hormone Ovulation, maintenance of
(LH) corpus luteum and secretion of
progesterone in females and
testosterone secretion in males.
(Gi) Posterior ) Vasopressin (ADH) Conservation of body water and Diabetes Elevation of
contraction of blood vessels insipidus arterial blood
pituitary
pressure
(ii) Oxytocin Causes contraction of uterine
muscles during childbirth

Endocrine System 191

 EXPECTED QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. Provide the correct word to complete the following sentences:
is known as th
(a) Control and coordination of various (The
activities of body take place due to emergency hormone.
caused due
YLuLUN and endocrine systems. g)Addison's disease is

(6) Hormones are secreted directly into the hyposecretion of gland.

(h) Cretinism in children is caused due tothe
(c) ADH is secreted by the deficiency of.
gland. i). Hormones are the substanc
(d) Oxytocin causes contraction off the which help to coordinate the functions
body.
(e) Hypothyroidism in adults leads to () Beta cells of Islets of Langerhans produde

Ans. (a) nervous (b) blood (c) pituitary (d) uterus (e) myxoedema
( adrenaline cortex (g) adrenal cortex (h) thyroxin () chemicalon) ) insulin

2. Complete the following sentencesby choosing the correct word from those given in the brackets:
(a) Deficiency of insulin results in (f) Exophthalmic goitre is caused due to the
(diabetes mellitus/diabetes insipidus) of thyroid gland.

(6) Pancreas is an example of -

(hypersecretion/hyposecretion)
(g Cortex and medulla are the two regions
gland. (endocrine/ heterocrine)
is located close to gland. (adrenal/thyroid)
(c)Thyroid gland is exocrine as well as endo rine.
(pharynx/larynx) (h)
(d) Oversecretion of somatotrophic hormone (Thymus/Pancreas)
in children leads to i) Growth hormone is released by the

(dwarfism/gigantism) pituitary. (anterior/posterior)

(e) Follicle stimulating hormone is produced ) Adrenaline is released by
(adrenal medulla/adrenal cortex)
by
(anterior pituitary/posterior pituitary)
Ans. (a) diabetes mellitus (b) heterocrine es(c) larynx (d) gigantism (e) anterior pituitary
i) anterior G) adrenal medulla
(f) hypersecretion (g) adrenal (h) Pancreas
B. Give appropriate biological or technical terms for the following
1.A hormone secreted by beta cells of islet of 5.A gland which is exocrine as well as endocrine
in function.
Langerhans.
condition caused due to oversecretion of 6. A condition caused due to oversecretion
2A
(hypersecretion) of thyroxine.
insulin.
A gland which is called master gland. 7.A disease caused by the oversecretior
which produces emergency hormone. (hypersecretion) of GH in children.
4. A gland
ICSE Question Bank Biology-X
192
A structurethat
hat controls the master gland.
of pituitary gland T. The hormone that controls the basal metaboic
A hormone of which controls
of'adrenal
ac
activity
gland. rate.
the
1. Insulin 2. Insulin shock
3. Pituitary gland
5.Pancreas
4. Adrenaline

Hyperthyroidism/exophthalmic goitre
8. Hypothalamus
9. 7. Gigantism
10. T h y r o x i n
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Mutiple Choice Questions
Multiple

the correct wer

answe from each of the four
Choose

organ is
the site of options given below:
Which
glucose to
glycogen 6.
conversion? Deficiency of which hormone during early
(a) Thyroid (b) Pancreas infancy causes cretinism?
(a) Adrenaline (b) Insulin
o )Liver (d) Pituitary
() Oestrogen (d) Thyroxin
Vhich hormone contains iodine? 7. Which of the following symptoms is least
a) Thyroxin (b) Oxytocin likely
to be a
symptom of hypothyroidism?
( Insulin (d) Oestrogen
(a) Mental sluggishness
Vhich organ produces digestive enzymes and
hormones?
(b) Slow reflexes
(a) Pancreas (b) Thyroid (e)Feelingcold
(d) Liver (d) Loss of weight
(c) Pituitary
4Which hormone is responsible for ejecting milk 8. Which organ produces a hormone which
from the mammary glands? stimulates thyroxine production?
a) Oestrogen (b) FSH (a) Adrenal (b) Liver
c) LH (d) Oxytocin () Thyroid (d) Pituitary
5.Pituitary hormones are not involved in thee 9. Which of the following is an effect of insulin?
regulation of which of the following (a) Conversion of glucose to glycogen
(a) Thyroid gland (b) Adrenal cortex (c) Increase in flow of blood to skeletal muscles
Islets of Langerhans (6) Increased water reabsorption in the kidney
d)Ovary (d) Production of sperm cells.
Ans. 1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (d 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (a)
D. Match the Column.
Match the items in column I with those given in column II.
Column I Column II
1. Acromegaly
(a) Under secretion of adrenal cortex
2. Addison's disease
(b) Under secretion of thyroxin in children
3. Insulin shock
(c) Oversecretion of growth hormones in adults
4. Cretinism
(d) Under secretion of growth hormone
5. Dwarfism
(e) Oversecretion of insulin
Ans. 1.c)
2.(a) 3.(e) 4.(b) 5.(d)
Endoorine System
193
 Given in the box set of 18 biological Of these, 14 can be paired into 7 matchine
terms.
E. are a
an example. Identify the six pairs
pairs. Out of the seven pairs, one has been done for you as

Example: Adrenal cortex-mineral corticoids

Hyperthyroidism Mineral corticoids Adrenal cortex Grave's disease
Adrenal cortex
Pancreas Diabetes Insipidus Thyroid gland Vasopressin
Epinephrine Addison's disease Adrenal cortex Heterocrine gland
Exopthalmic goitre Adrenaline
Vasopressin Calcitonin Glucagon
2. Pancreas-Heterocrine gland
Ans. 1. Hyperthyroidism-Grave's disease
4. Diabetes insipidusVasopressin
3. Adrenaline-Epinephrine
6. Adrenal cortex-Addison's disease
5. Thyroid gland-Exopthalmic goitre
Each question carries 1 mark
F. Very Short Answer Type Questions
your mouth dried up and your heartbeat has
Q1. Which hormone regulates the urinary
increased. Which hormone is responsible fon
elimination of water?
these changes?
Ans. Vasopressin
Ans. Adrenaline
Q2. What is endocrinology?
the Q7. Where is the pituitary gland located?
Ans. The branch of science that deals with Ans. The pituitary gland is located at the base of
endocrine and hormones is called
glands the forebrain in the hypothalamus.
endocrinology. Q8. Name the parts of human body in which the
Some adult develop facial hair. What
Q3. women
following endocrine glands are located:
may be the cause of it?
Ans. The overgrowth (oversecretion) of androgen
(a) Adrenal (b) Pituitary
Ans. (a) Adrenal gland located above the kidney.
adrenal cortex in adult women results in
by (b) Pituitary gland located in the hypo
the development of facial hair.
thalamus of brain.
Q4. Why the chemical signals of hormones
are
Q9. Name the hormone secreted by the beta cell
slower than the nerve impulses?
of the islets of Langerhans.
Ans. The chemical signals are carried by the blood
Ans. Insulin
while nerve impulses are transmitted through
nerves at a very fast speed. Q10. Name the following conditions:
Name the hormone and endocrine gland that (a) Passage of much glucose in urine.
Q5. (b) Overdose of insulin makes the diabeti
require iodine for their functioning.
patient unconscious.
Ans. Thyroxin hormone and thyroid gland.
Ans. (a) Diabetes mellitus
Q6. You stood to make your maiden speech in
front of a large audience. You found that (b) Hypoglycemia or insulin shock.

G. Short Answer Questions Type Each question carries 2 marks

QI. (a) What is diabetes mellitus?
(b) How it is caused?
Ans. (a) A condition of increased blood sugar
level is called diabetes mellitus.
(b) It is caused due to the deficiency of
insulin hormone.
Q2. Why are hormones called chemical meangersi
Ans. Hormones are the chemicals, wBich are
carried to all parts of the body througi: blood
circulation and bring about the chemical
control of the body. Hence, they are called
chemical messengers.

194 ICSEQuestion Bank Bioiogy

 What is
diabetes insipidus? hat is the cause
prepares the body to meet any emergency
or for
Q of diabetes mellitus?
situation for fight, i.e. to face the danger
Diabetes insipidus is a condition where the i.e. from it. It is produced
tlight, to run away
Ans
ndersecretion of antidiuretic hormone under the condition of stress or emergency
hence
causes a large amount of water loss along such cold, injury, fear and anger,
as

with the urine. called emergency hormone.

Deficiency of insulin causes diabetes mellitus. is it in certain
Q6. What is goitre? Why common

04. (a) What are glands?

endocrine areas?
Ans. Goitre is a disorder caused by the dietary
(b) What do they secrete? the
deficiency of iodine. In this disease,
Ans. a) Endocrine glands are ductless glands that a swelling
thyroid gland is enlarged causing
pour their secretions directly into the in the neck region.
bloodstream. the
due to
It is common in the hilly areas

b) They secrete hormones. deficiency of iodine in the soil

and the
05. What does adrenal medulla secrete? Explain
underground water, which leads to deficiency
why adrenaline is called the emergency and
of iodine in fruits and vegetables
lodine is soluble
hormone.
consequentially in humans.
a hormone called in water and is easily washed away
from soil
Ans. Adrenal medulla
secretes

adrenaline. Adrenaline is a hormone which during rain.

Q7. Differentiate between the following:

(a) Dwarfism and Gigantism (b) Simple goitre and Exophthalmic goitre
(c) Cretinism and Myxoedema

Ans. (a) Dwarfism Gigantism

1. It is caused due to the hypersecretion of
1. It is caused due to the hyposecretion of
growth hormone.
growth hormone.
of long bones
2. It is characterised by stunted growth 2. It is characterised by growth
and poor sexual development.
resulting in abnormal height.

Simple goitre Exophthalmic goitre

1. It is caused due to hypersecretion of
1. It is caused due hyposecretion of
to
thyroxine hormone.
thyroxin hormone due to iodine deficiency.
2. It is characterised by a swelling in the 2. It is characterised by bulging eyes.
throat.

(c) Cretinism Myxoedema

1. It is caused due to the malfunctioning of
thyroid in infants (children).
2. It results in retarded physical and mental
feet and
development, short hands and
pigeon chest.
1. It is caused due to the malfunctioning of
thyroid gland in adults.
2.It results in lower basal metabolism, swollen
face, physical and mental dullness (but the
person is not mentally retarded) and
impotency.

Endocrine System
H. Short Answer Questions Type ll Each question
carries 3
Q1. State three characteristics
of hormones. Ans. (a) Thyroid Thyroxin, which mat
Ans. (a) Hormones are
secreted by endocrine gulates bod
metabolism, growth and develon
glands (b) Pancreas Insulin, which evelontrols
opmenm.
glucose level by
(b) They are specific in action and are
secreted in minute glucose into glycogen.
converting the exceblog
quantities.
(c) They are
chemically proteins, biogenic (c) Adrenal medulla
Adrenaline
amines or steroids. increases heartbeat, bloc whi
Q2. Name three organs that are endocrine as well reduces volume of urine. pressure
as exocrine in function. Also name their condition of stress, it raises Durin
endocrine secretions. blood gl
by glycogenolysis.
Ans. Organ Endocrine secretion Q6. Explain the following
1. Pancreas Insulin and glucagon (a) Role of insulin in maintain
2. Testes Testosterone sugar level blo
3. Ovary Oestrogen and progesterone
(b) Acceleration of body growth durin.
Q3. What is the function of somatotropic puberty. ring
hormone? Name the diseases caused due to
the hypersecretion and hyposecretion of this
(c)Regulation of secondary sexual characten
by pituitary gland.
hormone.
Ans. (a) Insulin converts
Ans. The
somatotropic hormone promotes the glucose into
excess

glycogen which is stored in the liver

growth by increasing the rate of protein celk
In this way, it controls the level
synthesis and metabolic processes. of exces
glucose (sugar) in the blood.
The hypersecretion of growth hormone causes
gigantism in children and acromegaly in (b) The growth of body is
regulated by the
adults while its hyposecretion causes dwarfism. somatotrophic or growth hormone. A
Q4. Give the category and select the odd one out: pubery, the gonads become functiond
and produce sex hormones,
(a) Goitre, dwarfism, cataract, acromegaly which
(b) TSH, ADH, AT?, ACTH stimulate the development of secondary
sexual characters. Hence, the body growth
(c) Adrenal, liver, pituitary, thyroid
Ans. (a) Odd term: Cataract
gets accelerated during puberty.

Category: Hormonal diseases (c) The luteinising hormone/interstiti d d

b) Odd term: ATP stimulating hormone secreted by *
Category: Hormones
anterior lobe of pituitary stimulates *
formation of sex hormones ug
(c) Odd term: Liver
puberty. These sex hormones (testosea
Category: Endocrine glands in males and oestrogen,
95. Name the hormone produced by the
progesteru
females) regulate the developme
following glands. In each case, state one Secondary sexual characters. Hence, t
function of the hormone: rual
development of secondary se
(a) Thyroid (b) Pancreas characters is indirectly regulated b
(c) Adrenal medulla
pituitary gland.
What willhappen if
(al adrenal gland is removede
Ans. (a) The
(b) D blood sugar level falls overgrowth (oversecretion) of adrenal
cortex in ladies leads
yroid gland does functionnot mature to the
(a) If adrenal gland is removed: properly? development of beard, moustache and
Ans. masculine voice. The result is known as
The body will not be able adrenal virilism
to or masculinisation.
carbohydrate, protein, tat and
regulate (6) The adrenaline hormone secreted by the
metabolism. mineral adrenal medulla increases heartbeat and
The kidney will tail to retain blood supply to muscles, and decreases
Gi The secondary sexual sodium. blood supply to visceral
characters organs during
will stressfull conditions
be poorly developed in males. (emergency). That is
(u The body will why mouth dries up and heartbeat
not be able to face increases during maiden
speech.
emergency situations (stress and c) As the child sucks the
strain). nipple of breast, the
(b) If blood sugar level
production of prolactin and oxytocin is
talls, it will result in stimulated. The prolactin hormone
sweating, tremor, increased causes

hunger and heartbeat,

weakness. In extreme
the secretion of milk while the
oxytocin
cases, it hormone causes the ejection of milk from
may result in insulin shock
(coma). the breast.
If thyroid gland does not function Q9. Name the biological for the
properly, it will produce disorders such as
terms
following
statements:
cretinism, myxoedema, simple a) A disease caused by the
goitre or hypersecretion of
exophthalmic goitre. growth hormone.
08. Explain the following: (6) The cause of diabetes mellitus.
() Some ladies develop beard, moustache (c) An iodine containing hormone.
and a masculine voice.
Ans. (a) Dwarfism
(b) Mouth dries up and heartbeat increases (6) Insufficient secretion of insulin
during maiden speech.
(c)Thyroxin
(c) Milk is secreted from the breast of the
mother during sucking by the infant.

Q0. Differentiate between adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla.

Ans. Adrenal cortex Adrenal medulla
1. It is the part of the adrenal gland.
outer 1. It is the inner part of the adrenal
gland.
2. It secretes a number of hormones such as 2. It secretes adrenaline hormone.
mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids,
sex corticoids, etc.
. Its main function is to adapt the body to 3. Its main function is to prepare the body to
Stresses as extreme cold, heat or burns. meet any emergency situation.

4. It responds more to chronic or continued 4. It responds to sudden stresses by

temporarily
stresses by increasing its general output of increasing its output of adrenaline and
resulting in increased metabolic activities.
hormones.
.Long Answer Type Questions Each question carries 5
Q1. Name the hormones which lead to the
(c) Insulin is injected in the bodv mars
following conditions:
diabetic patient and not
(d) Older people tend to feel more
given orally ti ly
(a) Diabetes mellitus cold.
(e)lodine rich food must be
(b) Growth of beard in women
diet.
includedin our
(c) Myxoedema Ans. (a) The hormones of pituitary gland
(d) Gigantism functioning of other hormonal gulate
(c) Exophthalmic goitre and many activities of the
body. gland
Ans. (a) Hyposecretion of insulin. is called the master gland. Aence, it
(6) Overproduction of androgen by the over (b) Adrenaline is secreted at the tin
development of adrenal gland. emergency (stresS or strain) and Dre of
(c) Hyposecretion of thyroxin hormone. the body to meet
any emerge-
(d) Oversecretion of growch hormone. situation for fight, fright and gency
flight. So, it
(e) Hypersecretion of thyroxin hormone. is also known as emergency
hormone
Q2. The pituitary gland produces a hormone which (c)Insulin is a
protein. If it is
given orall, i
controls the amount of water in the blood. will be digested in the intestine. Hence. i
is injected directly into the blood.
(a) What is the name of this hormone?
(b) What effect would m o r e of this hormone (d) With advancing age, thyroid gland
being produced have on the urine? frequently slows down its activity which
results in lesser production of body heat.
(c) Suggest why the body needs to reabsorb Hence, older people tend to face more
more water?
cold.
(d) Why are hormonal reactions generally
(e) lodine is the main component of
slower than nervous reactions?
thyroxin hormone. Deficiency of iodine
Ans. (a) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or
results in deficient production of this
vasopressin
hormone which leads to goitre. So, to
(b) More concentrated urine will be produced.
prevent goitre, iodine rich food and salt
from
(c)To maintain the osmotic pressure must be added in our diet.
the body.
Given below is outline diagram of human
(d) Hormonal reactions are generally slower Q4. an

than nervous reactions because: body.

)Hormones are carried in the blood

but nerve impulses are carried by

special neurons.

(ii) Hormones usually have a generalised

action and nerve impulses are carried
directly to a target organ or a cell.

Q3. Explain briefly:

(a) The pituitary gland is called the 'master
gland. (a) Label the parts numbered1 to O.
three endocrin
(b)Adrenaline is also known as 'emergency (b) Give functions of any
hormone.' glands.
BankBioy
ICSE Q u e s t i o n
198
 gland which acts both as
Name
a
(b) Thyroxin enzymatic
and docrine gland. which
constitute
ocrine (CEnzymes;
2.
gland 2. Pancreas system of the body.
Pituitary or
(a)1. amino acids
4. Thyroid gland are proteins,
3. Testes (a) Hormones

gland 6. Ovary steroids in nature.

5. Adrenal
of
the functioning
gland: t and
controls () lodine is related with
Pituitary
() the functions of other part-2.
regulates mechanism? Explain
is the feedback
endocrine glands. It also regulates the Q6. What
with example.
growth of the body. mechanism is one in which
a

Ans. The feedback its

It regulates the
() Thyroid gland:
secretes

hormone stimulates a gland to

the
metabolism of the body and maintains hormone, which in turn,
inhibits

the
calcium and phosphate levels in secretion of anterior pituitary.
For example,

blood. It influences heat production

secrete
thyroid gland
to
TSH-RH stimulates
the effects of of thyroxin
and thus overcomes
thyroxin. But
oversecretion

cold. It stimulates to slow down

to severe
exposure inhibits the anterior pituitary normal
physical and mental that a
so
growth by the secretion of TSH-RH,
blood.
ones. maintained in the
development in young level of thyroxin is
the
Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans):
It
the following table by filling
(i) regulates blood-glucose level.
Q7. Complete
10.
blanks numbered 1 to
acts as exocrine Secretion Effect on the body
c) Pancreas is a gland which Gland
as well as
endocrine.
1. Oestrogen 2
below is the diagrammatic sketch
of an
Alpha cells 3 4.
05. Given and
Observe the diagram
endocrine gland. ofpancreas
Protruding eyes
answer the following questions: 6. .
8
Beta cells 7.
of pancreas
10. Gigantism
Effect on the
Secretion
Ans. Gland body
1.Ovary Oestrogen 2.Female
secondary
Anterior view
sexual
1 to 3.
la) Label the parts numbered characteristics

the hormone secreted

by part-2. 4. Increases blood
0 Name
are greatly Alpha cells 3. Glucagon sugar level
Which chemicals in our body of pancreas
eyes
affected by hormones? 6. Thyroxin Protruding
5. Thyroid
hormones: 8. Regulates blood
the chemical nature of
Insulin
1a) What is Beta cells7. sugar level in
related with
Name the chemical element secreted by
of pancreas the blood
hormone
the functioning of Gigantism
the structure. 9. Pituitary 10. Growth
gland hormone
ns. (a) 1. Larynx 2.Right lobe ofthyroid
3, Trachea (windpipe) 199
 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
LAST 10 YEARS IcSE
(c) hypersecretion of thyroxin
. Name the following: hormone
hormone which stimulates (d) hypersecretion of growth
The pituitary (1 Mark) |201
contraction of uterus during child birth
(I Mark) |2017| 7. In each set of terms given below, there is an odd
in the same
catego
of the following terms one and cannot be grouped
2. Choose the ODD one out
Identify the odd
which the to which the other three belong.
given and name the CATEGORY to
the category to whidh
t e r m in each
set and n a m e
others belong: the remaining three belong.
ACTH. TSH, ADH, FSH (1 Mark) |2017] tube, Ureter, Uterus
Example: Ovary, Fallopian
3. The diagram given below represents the location Odd term: Ureter
and structure of an endocrine gland. Study the Part of female reproductive system
follow: Category:
same and answer the questions that
(a) Cortisone, Somatotropin, Adrenocorti-
cotrophic hormone, Vasopressin
(1 Mark) (2016
(b) Oxytocin, Insulin, Prolactin, Progesterone.
(1 Mark) [2014
(c) Cretinism, simple goitr
myxedema,
acromegaly (1 Mark) [2013
gland shown in the 8. Complete the following paragraph by filling
(a) Name the endocrine
(e) with appropriate words:
diagram. the blanks (a) to

the secretion of the gland which The amount of urine output is under regulation
(b) Name
regulates basal metabolism. called (a). secreted by
of a hormone
Name the mineral element required
for the the (b). lobe of the pituitary gland.
(c)
of the above mentioned hormone. this hormone secretion is reduced, there is an
synthesis
Name the disease caused due under secretion
to increased production of urine. This disorder
(d)
. Sometimes excess glucos
of the above mentioned hormone in children. called (c)
Name the disease caused due to hypersecretion is passed with urine due to hyposecretion o
()
of the above mentioned hormone. another hormone called (d) leading-
5 Marks) [20171 to the cause of a disease called (e).
Mention the exact location of the following:
(5 Marks) [2016
Islets of Langerhans (1 Mark) 120171 9. State the exact location of the following structuic
for the following statement: Thyroid gland (1 Mark) [201
Give biological reason

Some women have facial hair like beard and 10. Given alongside is the outline
moustache. (2 Marks) [2017] of the human body showing
6. Choose the correct answer from cach of the four the important glands:
options given below:
Gigantism and acromegaly are due to

(a) hyposecretion of thyroxin

(b) hyposecretion of growth hormone

Biology*
200 ICSE Question Bank
 marked I 4.
the glands i) A gland which secretes both hormones and
to
Name
(a)
Jame
(b)Name the the hormone secreted by part-2. Give enzymes is the
important function of this hormone. (a) pituitary (b) pancrecas
one

Name the endocrine part of the part (c) thyroid (d) adrenal
numbered 3. (1 Mark) [2013]
the part labelled 1 called the master 17. Expand the following biological abbreviation:
Why is
Why
d)
Which part of the torebrain controls (1 Mark) [2014)
gland? TSH
labelled 1?
thegland 18. Give a technical term for the following:
Name the gland that secretes the emergency
(e) Group of hormones which influence other
hormone. (5 Marks) 2016) endocrine glands to produce hormones.

Brieflyexplain the following term: (1 Mark) [2014)

( Mark) [2014, 2016 blanks
Complete the following table by filling the
Hormone
19.
False. Rewrite the
below (5 Marks) [20131
The statements given are
with appropriate terms.
of the statement by changing the
correct fornm
S. No. Gland Secretion Function/
word which is underlined:
Effect on body
a) Alpha cells of pancreas secrete Insulin.
(b)Cretinism is caused due to deficiencyof 1 2
1. Thyroid
Adrenaline. (2 Marks) [2015)
2 3 Vasopressin
13. Given below is an
example of a certain structure
Promotes glucose
similar 3. 6
and its special functional activity. On a
utilisation by the
functions:
pattern fill in the blanks with suitable body cells.
Example: Chloroplast and photosynthesis
(1 Mark) [2015] 7 8
Thyroid gland and 4 Lacrimal
14. Differentiate between the following pair on the gland
basis of what is mentioned with the bracket: 5. Adrenal 9 10

Vasopressin and Insulin (Deficiency disorder) medulla

(1 Mark) [2015)
20. Give the biological reason for the following:
15. Name the following Pituitary gland is also known as master gland.
(a) The form in which glucose is stored in liver.
(2 Marks) (2008. 2012
(b) The hormones secreted by Islets of Langerhans.
21. State the main function of beta cells of pancreas.
(2 Marks) [2014]
(1 Mark) [2012
6. Choose the correct answer from the options given
22. Name the following:
below:
The hormone that helps to increase the
) Cretinism and Myxoedema are due to
(a) hypersecretion of thyroxin
reabsorption of water from the kidney tubules.
(1 Mark) [2012)
(b)hypersecretion of growth hormone 23. Differentiate berween the following pairs on the
(c)hyposecretion of thyroxin basis of what is mentioned in brackets.
(d)hyposecretion of growth hornmone (a) Acromegaly and cretinism (symptoms)
(1 Mark) |2014] (b) Diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus
reason/cause) (2 Marks) [2012)
 24. Name the process/term for the following
statement:
The cells of the testes that produce male
hormones. (1 Mark) [2011]
25. Give the exact location of pituitary gland.
(1 Mark) |20111 Testis in males
26. Give for the
reason
following:
People living in hilly regions usually suffer from
simple goitre. (1 Mark) [2011]
27. Study the diagram given below and then answer
the questions that follow:
(c) Name the endocrine cells present in part-3.
Glucagon (d) Name the hormone secreted by part-4,
Give important function of this
Liver Pancreas
one
hormone
5 Marks) [2010)
Insulin 30. State whether the following statement is true or
(a) Name the cells of the pancreas that produce false. If false, rewrite the correct statement by
changing the first or the last word only.
( )glucagon and (i) insulin.
The pituitary gland is both exocrine and
(b) State the main function of () glucagon
endocrine in function. (1 Mark) (2009
and (ii) insulin.
31. Select and rewrite the correct answer:
(c) Why is the pancreas referred to as both
exocrine and endocrine gland?
Insulin is secreted by
(d) Why is insulin not given orally but is injected
(a) Beta cells of pancreas
into the body? (b) Alpha cells of pancreas
(e) What is the technical term for the cells of the (c) Delta cells of pancreas
(d) None of the above (1 Mark) [2009
pancreas that produce endocrine hormones?
(f) Where in the body is the pancreas locates? 32. Name the hormone responsible for the following
(5 Marks) [2011] functions:
(a) Increase in heartbeat
28. There is a set consisting of five terms. In each set,
there is a word which is an odd one. Write down (b) Maintaining glucose level in the blood
thecategory of set having identified the odd one (c) Converting glycogen to glucose
out. (d) Regulating basal metabolism
Vasopressin, Growth hormone, TSH, ACTH, (e) Ossification of bones
FSH. (1 Mark) [2010] (f) Preparing the body during emergency
29. Given below is an outline of the human body g Normal growth of the whole body
and
showing the important glands. (h) Regulating the functioning of the male
(a) Name the glands marked I to 5. the female reproductive organs.
(b) Name the hormone secreted by 2. (1) Increased reabsorption of water in the kidney

Give one important function of this hormone. ) Increased blood supply to muscles.
(5 Marks) [200°

202 ICSE Question Bank Biology*

V I S H A L K O K
 the following table by filling in the 34. State whether the following statement is true or
Complete

to (): false. If false, rewrite the correct form of the

blanks(a)
Secretion statement by only changing the last word
of the
Gland
Function/
Effect on Body statement.
Testosterone The alpha cells of the pancreas secrete insulin.
(a) (b)
(c) (1 Mark) 12008]
Adrenal d)
) () Influences
metabolism
of cells
Lachrymal (h)
() Growth hormone
(5 Marks) 12008

ANSWERS TO ICSE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS

1.Oxytocin (6) Part-2 (thyroid gland) controls the basal
Oddterm: ADH metabolism and influences general growth of
Category: Trophic hormone
the body.
(c) Islets of Langerhans
l)Thyroidgland (b) Thyroxin
is called the gland as it
(d) Pituitary master
)lodine (d) Cretinism
controls the activity of all the other
(e)Exopthalamicgoitre endocrine glands.
4. Islets of Langerhans located wichin the pancreas. Hypothalamus of forebrain controls the
5. It is because some women have high level of gland labelled 1.
androgen hormone secreted by the adrenal glands. () Adrenal gland
6. (d) hypersecretion of growth hormone 11. Hormone is a specific chemical messenger
secreted directly into the bloodstream through
7. (a) Odd term: Cortisone
ductdess glands and travels elsewhere in the body
Category: Secretions from pituitary gland
up to the target organ.
(6) Odd term: Insulin 12. (a) Alpha cells of pancreas secrete glucagon.
Category: Female hormones
(b) Cretinism is caused due to deficiency of
(c) Odd term: Acromegaly
Category: Effects of thyroxin
thyroxin
13. Thyroid gland and Regulation of basal metabolism.
8. (a) vasopressin (b) posterior 14. Vasopressin-Diabetes insipidus
() Diabetes insipidus (d) insulin Insulin-Diabetes mellitus
(e) diabetes mellitus 15. (a) Glycogen (b) Insulin
9. Thyroid gland is situated at the lower extremity 16. () () hyposecretion of thyroxin
of larynx, (i) (b) pancreas
10. (a) 1 Pituitary gland 2Thyroidgland 17. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
3 Pancreas 4 Adrenal
gland 18. Tropic hormones

ndo 203
19. 1.Thyroxin
2.
Posterior lobe of Regulates
3. basal metabolism pancreatic juice and
endocrine
4. pituitary
Increases reabsorption islets of
Langerhans which part
of water from -insulin and glucagon. crete cont
5. kidneys
7.
B cells of
Tears
pancreas 6. Insulin (d) Ifgiven orally, insulin will be hormones
(lacrimal fluid containing dioe
protein digesting enzymes in ested by ihe
8.
Keeps the clean
lysozyme) Therefore, it is the
eye by washing away injected only into toma
particles and kills germs
dust
() Islets of Langerhans
or the
body.
tomach
9. Adrenaline pancreatic
()Along the posterior margin of islet
10.
Prepares body thesto.
situation for
to meet any emergency
the loop of duodenum.
stomach in
20.
fight or for flight. 28. Category-Hormones of anterior pituitary
Pituitary gland is also known the master gland
as
Odd term-Vasopressin
because it controls the functions of all other 29. (a) 1. Pituitary 2. Thyroid
endocrine glands. 4. Adrenal 5. Ovaryy
3. Pancreas
21. Beta cells
of pancreas produce insulin. (b) Thyroxin
22. Vasopressin hormone Function: It
regulates the basal metaboli
23. (a) the body. lism of
Acromegaly Cretinism () Islets of Langerhans
Abnormal growth Results in retarded
of lower jaw, face, (d) Adrenaline hormone
physical and mental
hand and feet bones. Function: It prepares the
development, short body to fare
hand, feet and
emergency situation of
fight, friphr any

pigeon chest.
flight.
30. False. The pancreas is both exocrine
and
(b)Diabetes mellitus Diabetes insipidus endocrine in function.
Caused due to Caused due to 31. (a) Beta cells of pancreas
undersecretion of undersecretion of 32 (a) Adrenaline (b) Insulin
insulin hormone.
antidiuretic hormone. (c) Glucagon (d) Thyroxin
24. Interstitial cells Leydig cells.
or (e) Thyroxin () Adrenaline
25. The pituitary gland or hypophysis is attaches to
(g) Growth hormone (h) Gonadotrophic
the hypothalamus by a short, slender stalk called hormones
infundibulum. (i) Vasopressin Gi) Adrenaline
26. This is because in hilly regions, the soil is 33. (a) Testis
deficient of iodine rich
compounds. (b) Development of secondary sexual charactes
i) in males
a) Glucagon-Alpha cells
(i) Insulin-Beta cells (c) Adrenaline
(d) Dilation of blood vessels, pupil of eye, etc
(b) G) Glucagon converts stored glycogen to
glucose in the liver when the energy is () Thyroid (f) Thyroxine (gTears
required by the body cells. (h) Cleans the eye from dust and microbes
(ii) Insulin accelerates conversion of excess i) Anterior pituitary
glucose into glycogen. ) Gigantism/Dwarfism secret
both duct gland
(c) Because it acts and an as a 34. False. The alpha cells of the pancreas
endocrine gland. lts duct gland produces
glucagon.
Bank Biology
204 ICSE Question
 ASSESS YOURSELF
ne:1 Hour Marks: 30

Name the following: (I Mark Each) of

(b) Adrenal gland is also known as gland
.
a)
(aAn endocrine gland which secretes insulin. emergency.
AA condition caused due to the oversecretion . (a) Name the situations which induce adrenaline
(6).
of thyroxin. secretion.
The endocrine cells present in pancreas. the
(6) Which part of adrenal gland secretes

The condition which results in abnormally adrenaline hormone? (2 Marks)

long bones, long lower jaw bone due to the 6. Name the hormones secreted by:
hyposecretion of a pituitary hormone.
(a) Thyroid
(eThe disease caused due to the deficiency of (b) Adrenal medulla (2 Marks)
iodine. What would be the effect produced, it
the hormone which: (1 Mark Each)
2. Name (a) Adrenal gland is removed?
(a) controls the calcium content in the blood b) Blood sugar level falls?
plasma and its metabolism.
()Thyroid does not function properly?
(b) is helpful in defending the body in
(3 Marks)
emergency situations.
8. List any two differences between an enzyme and
c) promotes reabsorption of water trom
a hormone. (2 Marks)
nephrons.
9. The sketch given below shows a certain
(d) increases blood glucose level.
condition in an individual: (5 Marks)
(e) is associated with the metabolism of
carbohydrates, proteins, calcium and
phosphorus.
.Complete the following paragraph by filling in
the blanks (a) to (e) with appropriate words
(1 Mark Each)
The pancreas is a glandular organ, which is
whitish-yellow in colour. It opens in the (a)
(a) Name the condition.
and endocrine cells (alpha, beta and
(b) What is the underlying cause of this
delta) (b) secretesdigestive enzymes and
hormones. The hormones produced by islets of condition?

Langerhans are (c) from beta cells, (d) (c) Name two other conditions that could have
from alpha cells and (e). from resulted due to a similar cause.
delta cells. (d) lodine is required for synthesis of which
4. Explain briefly: (1Mark Each) hormone?
a) Glucose is normally not found in urine. (e) Where is thyroid gland located?

Endoorin 205