Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region V (Bicol)
Province of Albay
Libon Community College
Senior High School
Calleja Street Zone 4, Libon, Albay

Media refers to
various channels
of communica-
tion between a
person or per-

MIL
sons and their
intended audi-
ence. Television,
radio, conversa-
tions, newspa-
pers, brochures
and the internet
are different
types of media.

MEDIA AND INFORMATION

LITERACY
introduces the learners to basic understanding of media and
information as channels of communication and tools for the
development of individuals and societies.

Media literacy is the ability to access, ana-

lyze, evaluate, and create media in a vari-
ety of forms. It aims to empower citizens
by providing them with the competencies
(knowledge and skills) necessary to en-
gage with traditional media and new
technologies.

CYRIL S. CERDEÑA
Subject Teacher
 Media and Information Literacy

VOILA! And just like that, the vacation is over and your first semester as a
Grade 12 student is here. How’s it going? I hope this module finds you well….well-
prepared. I’ll be your teacher for Media and Information Literacy—a core subject in
Senior High School. Don’t forget my name as well as these basic information about
your course and some friendly reminders.

SUBJECT DESCRIPTION:
The Media and Information Literacy course introduces the learners to basic un-
derstanding of media and information as channels of communication and tools for the
development of individuals and societies. It also aims to develop students to be crea-
tive and critical thinkers as well as responsible users and competent producers of me-
dia and information. (MIL Teaching Guide, 2016)

CLASS POLICIES:
1. Modules are to submitted via google classroom.
2. You are encouraged to communicate with me regarding course-related mat-
ters. You can contact me via Facebook or via text message. You can contact me from
Mondays to Fridays (8 am to 5 pm).
3. Academic dishonesty is a serious misconduct. A student whose output is
found to be a product of academic dishonesty (cheating, plagiarism, etc.) will receive
a grade of zero for the particular output.

COURSE REQUIREMENTS:
1. accomplished activity sheets
2. project
3. quizzes/exams
4. commitment

GRADING SYSTEM:
Attendance - 5% (online class)
Character - 10% (module-based)
Quizzes - 15% (module-based)
Recitation - 20% (module-based)
Project - 20%
Midterm/Final Exams - 30%
100%

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 Media and Information Literacy

I. MODULE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO MIL

II. INTRODUCTION

Google can retrieve about 18,610,000,000 results for the word media in 0.82
seconds and about 15,910,000,000 results for the word information in 0.53 seconds.
You can verify if you like.
Searching for information about anything you are interested about and communi-
cating with anyone has never been this easy….and this hard. With the overwhelming
amount of information, information sources and communication channels in just a
click, one finds it rather easy to stay informed and to communicate. Yet, at the same
time finds it hard to decide which is most truthful and most appropriate.
The unprecedented rise of available information and media also gave way to the
proliferation of “fake news” and false narratives. The information explosion is going
unchecked and this makes many vulnerable to accepting and acting on misinfor-
mation.
How can you avoid this? Be a media and information literate individual. This
module is an introduction to the subject in Media and Information Literacy, which will
pave the way towards more meaningful discussions.

III. LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

a. discuss the definitions of media and its pros and cons
b. describe how communication is influenced by media and information
c. reflect on the influence of media and information on communication

IV. STUDY FEED

What’s on your mind?

For the entirety of the semester, remember “what’s on your mind” because it
means a class work. All class works should be accomplished. Answers to class works
should be written on the answer sheet.
For your first class work, accomplish the vocabulary word map on the next page.
Do this without looking at the succeeding pages. A sample of an accomplished vocab
word map will be sent to your group chat for your reference.

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 Media and Information Literacy

IV. STUDY FEED

MEDIA

Fig. 1. Jones, R. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.myeasybee.com/blogs/news/best-free-vocabulary-graphic-organizers

After completing the vocab word map, see whether your answers are correct by
reading the rest of the module.

A. Communication and Communication Process

Communication is a process by which information is exchanged between individ-

uals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior (Encyclopedia Britanni-
ca). It is the process of sending and receiving messages through verbal or nonverbal
means, including speech, or oral communication; writing and graphical representa-
tions (such as infographics, maps, and charts); and signs, signals, and behavior
(Nordquist, 2020).
Communication is a process, and is made up of several components.

Fig. 2. Retrieved from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-organizationalbehavior/chapter/the-process-of communica-

tion/
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 Media and Information Literacy

1. Source. The source or sender begins the communication process. The source has
information which he conveys through his or her tone of voice, body language, and
choice of clothing. This process of turning thoughts into communication is called en-
coding.

2. Message. The message is the meaning produced by the source for the receiver or
audience. The message also consists of the way you say it—in a speech, with your
tone of voice, your body language, and your appearance—and in a report, with your
writing style, punctuation, and the headings and formatting you choose.

3. Channel/Medium. The channel is the way in which a message or messages is

transmitted from the source to the receiver. There are multiple communication chan-
nels or media available to us today. These include face-to-face conversations, letters,
telephone calls, text messages, email, the Internet (including social media such as
Facebook and Twitter), blogs, tweets radio and TV, written letters, brochures and re-
ports (SkillsYouNeed, 2020) and so forth. These channels or media can either be a
source of information or a medium of communication. For example, a laptop can
be a source of information because it is where you store your files which you can re-
trieve anytime. It is also a medium of communication because you can use it to send
emails.

Fig. 3. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-communication-process-1689767

On the next page, read on the different channels/media which are used as
sources of information and channels of communication.

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 Media and Information Literacy

Channel/Medium How It Works

Person to person interaction using one’s voice as the
Conversation
tool to deliver the message.
One to many interaction using one’s voice as the tool to
Public Speaking deliver the message to a large number of people, at any
given time.
Written messages in whatever form, usually on paper
Documents/ Letters/ Mails
and print.
Messages rendered in the form of paintings, drawings,
Visual Art photography, videos, images, and the like, that conveys
specific emotion, idea or thought.
Physical things such as tarpaulin billboards, posters, in-
Physical Medium package information contained in product packaging,
and the like.
Digital and electronic means to convey messages such
Digital/ Interactive as website or computer application, primarily by the use
of internet.
Fig. 4. Retrieved from MIL Alternative Delivery Mode, DepEd Region 10

4. Receiver. The receiver receives the message from the source, analyzing and inter-
preting the message in ways both intended and unintended by the source. In order to
receive a message, she or he listens, sees, touches, smells, and/or tastes to receive
a message. The process of turning communication into thoughts is called decoding.

5. Feedback. When the receiver responds to the source, intentionally or unintention-

ally, she/he is giving feedback. Feedback is composed of messages the receiver
sends back to the source. Verbal or nonverbal, all these feedback signals allow the
source to see how well, how accurately (or how poorly and inaccurately) the message
was received.

6. Interference or noise. This is anything that blocks or changes the source’s intend-
ed meaning of the message. For example, if you drove a car to work or school,
chances are you were surrounded by noise. Car horns, billboards, or perhaps the ra-
dio in your car interrupted your thoughts, or your conversation with a passenger. Psy-
chological noise is what happens when your thoughts occupy your attention while you
are hearing, or reading, a message.

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 Media and Information Literacy

B. Definitions of Media

In order to effectively convey messages and to efficiently search for information,

we use different media. What is media anyway? Below are some of its definitions:

1. Media refers to various channels of communication between a person or per-

sons and their intended audience. Television, radio, newspapers, brochures and the
internet are different types of media. (DepEd, 2020)

2. Media are physical objects used to communicate with, or the mass communi-
cation through physical objects such as radio, television, computers, film, etc. It also
refers to any physical object used to communicate messages and information.
(CHED, 2016)

3. Media are (irrespective of the nature and technologies used) as sources of

credible and current information created through an editorial process determined by
journalistic values whereby editorial accountability can be attributed to a specific or-
ganization or a legal person. (UNESCO)

Media play a central role in information and communication processes. Whatever

you do—from writing a letter on a paper to sending a message via Messenger—you
need media to send and retrieve information and communication. Wherever you go
there will be media, communication and information going hand in hand—billboards,
road signages, tarpaulins and many more. Without media, there will be no transfer of
information and communication. Without information and communication, a medium is
useless. Media, communication and information are interrelated concepts.

What’s on your mind?

Think of the past week and of the media (such as internet, social media, TV, con-
versations, newspaper, etc.) you used to send, receive and search for information.
List 10 media and estimate how many hours you spent engaged with each one. An
example is shown below.

Communication Medium/Information Provider Number of Hours in a Week

books 3 hours

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 Media and Information Literacy

In the Philippines alone, there are more than 1,000 radio stations and 137 televi-
sion stations. On top of that, we have daily newspapers, magazines targeting all kinds
of readers, and, of course, the internet. All told, we have more ways to reach more
people than we’ve ever had in the history of humankind. But is this a good or a bad
thing? Let’s weigh the pros and cons of the wide variety of available media.

C. Advantages of Media

a. keep us connected
b. act as channels of information through which we can make informed decisions
c. can give voice to the voiceless
d. function as watchdog of government in all its forms, promoting transparency
in public life and public scrutiny of those with power through exposing
corruption, maladministration and corporate wrong-doing
e. spread art and culture
f. sources of entertainment

D. Disadvantages of Media

a. empower the already powerful

b. can be used for misinformation and hate
c. prevent people from having real human contact and interaction
d. overload us with information
e. privacy issues

What’s on your mind?

As people belonging to Generation Z (born between 1996-2010) and as the gen-

eration raised on the internet and social media, your communication and information
processes are greatly influenced by media (Forbes, 2020). Looking back at your an-
swers on the class work before this one, pick five media you spend the most time in-
teracting with. Then, state the two positive and two negative influences/effects of
these in your life especially in dealing with communication and information.

Media Advantages Disadvantages

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 Media and Information Literacy

V. END OF MODULE ASSESSMENT

A. Write a tweet with 140-280 characters only (letters, numbers, punctuations

marks, emojis and spaces are included) to answer the question below. Use the rubric
below as a guide in making your tweet. It will also be used to grade output.

How do media and information influence how you

communicate?

Criterion Excellent (4) Good (3) Fair (2) Needs Improvement

(1)

Focus and details There is one clear, There is one clear, There is one topic. The topic and main
well-focused well focused Main ideas ideas are
topic. Main ideas are topic. Main ideas are are somewhat clear. not clear.
clear and are well sup- clear but are not well
ported by supported by detailed
detailed and accurate information.
information.
Organization The introduction is The introduction states The introduction There is no clear in-
inviting, states the the main topic and states the troduction, structure,
main topic, and provides an main topic. A conclu- or conclusion.
provides an overview overview of the paper. sion is
of the paper. Infor- A conclusion is includ- included.
mation is relevant and ed.
presented in a logical
order. The conclusion
is strong.
Voice The author’s purpose The author’s purpose The author’s purpose The author’s purpose
of writing is very clear, of writing is somewhat of writing is somewhat of writing
and there is strong clear, and there is clear, and there is is unclear.
evidence of attention some evidence of at- evidence of attention
to audience. The au- tention to audience. to audience. The au-
thor’s extensive The author’s thor’s knowledge and/
knowledge and/or knowledge and/or ex- or experience with the
experience with the perience with the topic topic is/are limited.
topic is/are evident. is/are evident.
Mechanics Most words are care- Some words are care- Words are chosen Words are chosen
fully chosen; writing is fully chosen; writing is with less care; writing with less care; writing
clear and clear and is sometimes is sometimes unclear;
legible. Most words legible. Most words unclear; most words some words are
are spelled are spelled correctly are spelled spelled incorrectly
correctly and proper and proper correctly and is gram- and proper punctua-
punctuation is em- punctuation is em- matically tion is not employed.
ployed. ployed correct.

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 Media and Information Literacy

VI. REFERENCES

Choosing Communication Channels To Reach Your Global Market. (n.d.). [Image].

Retrieved from https://www.24hourtranslation.com/choosing-communication-
channels-reach-global-market.html
Commission on Higher Education. (2016). Teaching Guide for Senior High School.
[PDF file]. Quezon City. K to 12 Transition Program Management Unit
Department of Education – Davao City Division, Region XI. (2020). The Influence of
Media and Information to Communication. [PDF file]. Davao City. Davao City Di
vision Learning Resources Management Development System (LRMDS)
https://www.freepik.com/free-photo/people-holding-retro-television-each-
other_2769195.htm#page=1&query=media%20&position=31
Jones, R. (n.d.). [Image]. Retrieved from https://www.myeasybee.com/blogs/news/
best-free-vocabulary-graphic-organizers
Khan, R. (2015). Media and Information Literacy Handbook. Anvil Publishing, Inc.
Nordquist, R. (2020). The Basic Elements of the Communication Process. Retrieved
from https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-communication-process-1689767
Perig76. (n.d.). [Image]. Retrieved from https://www.freepik.com/premium-photo/
businessman-holding-devices-connected-cloud-multimedia-network-3d-
rendering_4845846.htm#page=1&query=media%20&position=43
Silsbee, L. (2020). The Challenge And Promise Of Generation Z. Retrieved from
https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbescoachescouncil/2020/05/29/the-challenge- and-
promise-of-generation-z Snyder, Elissa. (2017). You are chilling w someoneand
they are always on the phone. Retrieved from https://www.pinterest.ph/
pin/127367495687611490/
The Process of Communication. (n.d.). [Image]. Retrieved from
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-organizationalbehavior/chapter/the-
process-of-communication/
Understanding Media and Information Literacy – An Orientation. Retrieved from http://
unesco.mil-for-teachers.unaoc.org/modules/module-1/unit-1/
Yuvienco, J. (2017). Media and Information Literacy. C & E Publishing.
Zarate, M. J. (2016). Media and Information Literacy. Rex Book Store.