Assignment

on
“Commination process of COVID 19 Awareness & vaccination”

Jahangirnagar University, Savar

Course name: Business Communication
Course code: 501

Submitted to
Nafiza Islam,

Assistant Professor,

Department of Management

Prepared by
Name: Smita Bhowmick

Program: EMBA (29th Batch), Spring 2021

Roll: 20211077

Date of Submission: 5th October, 2021

 Assignment
on
“Commination process of COVID 19 Awareness & vaccination”

Jahangirnagar University, Savar

Course name: Business Communication
Course code: 501

Submitted to
Nafiza Islam,

Assistant Professor,

Department of Management

Prepared by
Name: Smita Bhowmick

Program: EMBA (29th Batch), Spring 2021

Roll: 20211077

Date of Submission: 5th October, 2021

 Letter of Transmittal

Date: 29th September, 2021

Nafiza Islam,
Assistant Professor,
Jahangirnagar University, Savar

Sub: Submission of Report Paper on “Communication process of COVID 19 awareness

and vaccination”

Dear Madam,
It is my great pleasure to submit you my report on “Communication Process of COVID 19
awareness and vaccination.” I have tried my best to complete this report properly following the
guidelines provided by you.
This report represents the communication process of Government and mass population of
Bangladesh about how they maintain their communication and receive feedback. This process is
very much important because every decision that Government makes is on basis of what the
individuals requires.
I have confidence that the report has increased theoretical knowledge to a great extent. I will be
obliged to answer any query that may arise during the evaluation of this report. So, I am
fervently requesting and hope that you would be kind enough to accept my report and oblige
thereby.
Sincerely,

------------------------------------
Smita Bhowmick
EMBA 29th Batch
Roll: 20211077
Jahangirnagar University, Savar

i
 Student Declaration
I am Smita Bhowmick, student of EMBA program, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, 29h batch

(springl), declaring that this report on the topic of “Communication Process of COVID 19

awareness and vaccination.” have only been prepared for the fulfillment of Business

Communication course.

I hereby declare that this report has been solely prepared by me and to the best of my knowledge.

It contains no materials previously published or written by any other person which have been

accepted for the degree at Jahangirnagar University or any other educational institution except

the quotations and reference which have been duly acknowledged.

It has not been prepared for any other purpose, reward, or presentation.

………………………….

Smita Bhowmick

MBA, Major in Human Resource Management

ID: 20211077
Spring 2021
Jahangirnagar University, Savar

ii
 Acknowledgement
At the very beginning the author would like to express my deepest gratitude to almighty. This

work has done because of His wish and helping.

Author wishes to express her sense of gratitude to respective academic supervisor, Assistant

Professor, department of Management Studies, Jahangirnagar University, Savar from the core of

my heart for her kind support, guidance, constructive supervision, instructions and advice and for

motivating me to do this report.

Special thanks to, Preanka Bhowmick (senior officer, Janata Bank ltd.), Rukaiya Atika(Intern Dr.

Khulna Medical College),Towheed Chowdhury(General Officer ,NCC Bank ltd.), Sekander Ali

Rasel(Intern Dr. Jessore Medical College) for providing knowledge and necessary information to

complete this report.

Finally, author is thankful to her family with great respect for their blessings, supports and

sacrifices.

iii
 Executive Summary
The process of communication refers to the transmission or passage of information or message

from the sender through a selected channel to the receiver overcoming barriers that affect its

pace. The process of communication is a cyclic one as it begins with the sender and ends with

the sender in the form of feedback. It takes place upward, downward and laterally throughout the

organization. The process of communication as such must be a continuous and dynamic

interaction, both affecting and being affected by many variables. Communication process

consists of certain steps where each step constitutes the essential of an effective communication.

The communication process is the guide toward realizing effective communication. It is through

the communication process that the sharing of a common meaning between the sender and the

receiver takes place. Individuals that follow the communication process will have the

opportunity to become more productive in every aspect of their profession. Effective

communication leads to understanding. The communication process is made up of four key

components. Those components include encoding, medium of transmission, decoding, and

feedback. There are also two other factors in the process, and those two factors are present in the

form of the sender and the receiver. The communication process begins with the sender and ends

with the receiver.

In the methodology the author has shown how the report paper has been completed. For this

report the author has used both primary and secondary data. The secondary data was the

information that the author collected from the internet, website, books and by developing a

questionnaire and managing a sample size from different background of profession, the author

has completed the primary data collecting part. After all these the author has analyzed the data

iv
and selected the data which to keep and which are essential for the paper and presented all the

data in a systematic way.

The report is about representing the Communication process of COVID 19 awareness and

vaccination and showing their communication model. To understand how Government and mass

people operates its communication system and make it effective. Also to know their strategies

and the barriers they are facing while this communication process. By the discussion from the

report paper author can find out the barriers remaining in their communication process and come

up with new recommendations to make it more effective for the both parties.

A proper communication process is essential for bringing awareness among people during this

pandemic situation.it helps to enhance trust, avoid rumors, both internal trust and external

communication are keys to one’s ability to deliver on your promises. Communication is an

essential component of making trust on Government. While communication is a natural part of

the human experience.

v
 Table of Contents
Letter of Transmittal ........................................................................................................................ i
Student Declaration ......................................................................................................................... ii
Acknowledgement ......................................................................................................................... iii
Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... iv
Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background of the Report ................................................................................................ 2
1.2. Objective .............................................................................................................................. 3
1.2.1. Core Objective ............................................................................................................... 3
1.2.2 Specific Objective........................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Scope of the Report ............................................................................................................... 3
1.3.1. Communication for Vaccination: .................................................................................. 3
1.3.2 Communication in International Affairs: ....................................................................... 3
1.3.3. Figuring out the Barriers: .............................................................................................. 4
1.3.4. Barrier Minimization Strategies: ................................................................................... 4
1.4. Limitations of the Report ..................................................................................................... 4
1.5. Structure of the Report ......................................................................................................... 5
Chapter 2: Methodology ................................................................................................................. 6
2.1 Research design ..................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Data Collection Procedure: ................................................................................................... 8
2.3. Questionnaire Development: ................................................................................................ 9
2.4 Sampling: .............................................................................................................................. 9
2.5 Data Processing Procedure: ................................................................................................... 9
2.6 Data Analysis: ....................................................................................................................... 9
2.7 Data Preparation: ................................................................................................................... 9
2.8 Report Writing: ..................................................................................................................... 9
Chapter 3: Awareness of Covid 19 Scenario ................................................................................ 11
3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 11
3.2 News type Analysis: Knowledge ........................................................................................ 12
3.3 News Type Analysis: Attitude ............................................................................................ 15
3.4 News Type Analysis: Practice............................................................................................. 19

vi
Chapter 4: Literature Review and Theoretical overview .............................................................. 22
4.1 Literature Review ................................................................................................................ 23
4.2 Communication Process ...................................................................................................... 24
4.3 Elements in the Process of Communication ........................................................................ 25
4.3.1 Sender ........................................................................................................................... 25
4.3.2 Message ........................................................................................................................ 25
4.3.3 Encoding ....................................................................................................................... 25
4.3.4 Channel ......................................................................................................................... 26
4.3.5 Receiver ........................................................................................................................ 26
4.3.6 Decoding ....................................................................................................................... 26
4.3.7 Feedback ....................................................................................................................... 27
4.3.8 Barriers to Effective Listening ..................................................................................... 28
4.4 Communication Model ........................................................................................................ 31
Chapter 5: Discussion on Objectives ............................................................................................ 32
5.1 Business Communication Characteristics between Govt. and Mass population ................ 33
5.2 Business Communication Elements between Government and mass population ............... 33
5.2.1 Sender:.............................................................................................................................. 33
5.2.2 Message: ........................................................................................................................... 34
5.2.3 Media:............................................................................................................................... 34
5.2.4 Receiver:........................................................................................................................... 34
5.2.5 Feedback: ......................................................................................................................... 34
5.2.6 Barriers: ............................................................................................................................ 34
5.3 Communication Model between Government and Mass population .................................. 35
Source ........................................................................................................................................ 35
Messages ................................................................................................................................... 35
Receiver ..................................................................................................................................... 35
5.4 Communication Process between Government and mass communication ......................... 35
5.5. Barriers Faced by Govt. in Their Communication System ................................................ 36
5.5.1. Being Unclear .............................................................................................................. 36
5.5.2. Not Listening Properly ................................................................................................ 36
5.5.3. Vaccine Confidence ..................................................................................................... 36

vii
 5.5.4 Perceptual Barriers ....................................................................................................... 37
5.5.5.Vaccine safety............................................................................................................... 37
5.5.6.Attentional Barriers ...................................................................................................... 37
5.5.7. Too Much Information ................................................................................................ 37
5.6. Practices Adopted by Government to Minimize the Barriers ............................................ 38
Chapter 6: Summary of findings ................................................................................................... 40
Summary of findings ................................................................................................................. 41
Chapter 7: Conclusion and recommendation ................................................................................ 43
Conclusion................................................................................................................................. 44
Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 44
References ..................................................................................................................................... 45
Appendix 1 .................................................................................................................................... 46

viii
 Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Background of the Report…………………………………………………….....2

1.2 Objectives………………………………………………………………….....…3

1.3 Scope of the Report……………………………………………………………..3

1.4 Limitations of the Report……………………………………………………….4

1.5 Structure of the Report………………………………………………………….5

1
1.1 Background of the Report

The process of communication refers to the transmission or passage of information or message

from the sender through a selected channel to the receiver overcoming barriers that affect its

pace. The process of communication is a cyclic one as it begins with the sender and ends with

the sender in the form of feedback. Effective communication leads to understanding. The critical

factor in measuring the effectiveness of communication is common understanding.

Understanding exists when all parties involved have a mutual agreement as to not only the

information, but also the meaning of the information. Effective communication, therefore, occurs

when the intended message of the sender and the interpreted message of the receiver are one and

the same. Although this should be the goal in any communication, it is not always achieved.

Communication can best be summarized as the transmission of a message from a sender to a

receiver in an understandable manner. The importance of effective communication is

immeasurable in the world of business and in personal life. According to the World Health

Organization, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has infected more than 100

million people worldwide and has triggered over2 302 302 deaths.1 The first confirmed case in

Bangladesh was reported on March 8, 2020, and an increase in the positive cases of COVID-19

was identified in late April and early June 2020, respectively.3,4 Therefore, some healthy

lifestyle was imposed by experts to combatCOVID-19. This report paper reflects the

communication process between Govt. and mass population. The report paper also covers the

medium that they use for their communication, the barriers that commonly appear and the

strategies adopted by them to minimize the barriers.

2
1.2. Objective

1.2.1. Core Objective

The core objective of this report is to minimize the effect of covid 19 situations and bring

awareness about vaccination.

1.2.2 Specific Objective

The specific objectives of this report are:

• To identify the communication model between Govt. and mass population.

• To know the communication strategies.

• To know about the feedback process.

• To find out the barriers in their communication process.

• To determine the impact of an effective communication process in the organization.

• To identify their own barrier reducing strategies.

• To come up with possible new barrier reducing ways.

1.3 Scope of the Report

1.3.1. Communication for Vaccination: In this post-modern age, we cannot think of anything

without communication. Communication is the lifeblood of awareness as it provides necessary

information in formulating the ideas and policies. It also ensures effective performance of

activities like awareness about vaccination, advantages of getting vaccination, registration of

vaccine etc. Thus; ultimate success of any public awareness depends on successful

communication..

1.3.2 Communication in International Affairs: In this age of globalization communication is

not merely confined within the national boundary. COVID-19 is a global infectious disease that

emerged from Wuhan in the Hubei province of China in December 2019.It has spread to 210

3
countries throughout the world. World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a pandemic on

Jan 30, 2020, and raised international public health concerns fort [1]. As of Jul 15, 2020, more

than 13 million people have been affected by this disease. To date, around 0.6 million deaths

have been reported. It has proved far more fatal than other coronavirus family members, with a

fatality ratio of 1.4% (varying slightly among countries) [2]. Between Dec 31, 2019, when the

Chinese authorities declared their first case of pneumonia of unknown etiology to until Jan 3,

2020, a total of 44 cases were reported to WHOM. However, the causal agent was not identified

during this reported period this study gives an opportunity to understand the communication

model between two differ parties from worldwide.

1.3.3. Figuring out the Barriers: Barriers are everywhere even if it’s between two per next to

each other. The barriers can be rumors about vaccine, information gap, message conflict etc.

among mass population. If they cannot overcome these barriers the whole system will collapse.

This report can show the common barrier for a communication process that Govt. faces

frequently.

1.3.4. Barrier Minimization Strategies: This report paper will show some major barriers that

Govt. faces regarding awareness about vaccination. Also, it will help to come up with new and

effective barrier minimization ways in future.

1.4. Limitations of the Report

• Because of the pandemic situation it wasn’t possible to have a face-to-face interview with the

peoples.

• Because of the online survey a few people responded, and the sample size got smaller.

4
• Most of the persons did not have a clear idea about the covid 19 awareness and vaccination

program to avoid barriers in communicating.

1.5. Structure of the Report

No. Chapter name Description

Chapter 1 Introduction In this chapter the background of an effective communication

process, it’s elements and the all other relative information

are given. Tis chapter is to introduce the concept,

“Communication process” Also the objective of this report

paper, scope of the paper and the limitations faced by the

author while preparing the paper is given.

Chapter 2 Methodology Methodology is the chapter where the whole process of

writing the final report paper is shown. The process that has

been adopted by the author for collecting the raw data and

analyzing it and finally representing the selected information

in the report is shown by a flow chart.

Chapter 3 Govt. awareness of Government takes proper steps to control the Covid 19 as

Covid 19 Scenario well as take vaccination program and bring awareness among

people.

Chapter 4 Theoretical overview In this chapter author has shown theoretical overview of an

effective communication, elements for effective

communication process, the process flow, communication

model, barriers faced while the process and its types. In one

sentence this chapter shows all related theoretical information

regarding the topic " Effective communication process”

5
Chapter 5 Findings and discussion This chapter shows the communication process adopted by

the Govt.to contact with the Mass population. A communion

model reflecting the process, barriers faced by the Govt.and

strategies adopted by them to minimize the barriers. Lastly

there is a frequency table on a survey, collecting opinions

from some persons through online survey.. This chapter is to

what the author found from the total report work.

Chapter 6 Summary of discussion This chapter summarizes the whole report paper in a short

passage.

Chapter 7 Conclusion and Conclusion and recommendation to conclude the whole

recommendation report paper and come up with some recommendations to

make their communication process more effective and come

over their existing barriers.

Chapter 2: Methodology

6
 Methodology

Research Design

Data Collection Process

Questionnaire Development

Sampling

Data Processing Procedure

Data Analysis

Data Presentation

Report Writing

2.1 Research design

Research on effective
communication process

Selection of Collect
relative Secondary Data
variables
data

7
 Questionnaire
preparation

Primary Data Conduct survey

through online

Data Analysis

Report
preparation

2.2 Data Collection Procedure:

I collected data from two kinds of sources.

Primary source: A questionnaire was developed by the author and made an online survey from

some people of Bangladesh. This is the primary source of data.

Secondary source: I collected data from-

➢ Google

➢ Books regarding the theoretical knowledge of my topic.

8
2.3. Questionnaire Development:

A survey was done for the purpose for a better understanding of the communication process of

Covid 19 awareness and vaccination. There are questions about the communication process,

the barriers they face while the communication and if they take any step to minimize the

barrier.

2.4 Sampling:
Target population: In this research study the population is the mass people of Bangladesh.

Sample size: There are 11 respondents for my survey which is my sample size.

2.5 Data Processing Procedure:

To conduct this report on “Communication Process of covid 19 awareness and vaccination”

the data will be analyzed qualitatively.

2.6 Data Analysis:

Then all data need to be analyzed properly and keep only the essential ones.

2.7 Data Preparation:

Only the relative and essential data is presented so that the report paper does not get

unnecessarily lengthy but effective.

2.8 Report Writing:

Lastly after processing, analyzing and presenting the essential data the report paper was

prepared.

9
10
 Chapter 3: Awareness of Covid 19 Scenario

3.1 Introduction--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12

3.2 News type analysis: Knowledge---------------------------------------------------------------------13

3.3 News type analysis: Attitude-------------------------------------------------------------------------16

3.4News type analysis: Practice--------------------------------------------------------------------------20

3.1 Introduction
Covid-19 crisis has just put a pause button on the world in the year 2020. The World Health

Organization announced Corona Virus crisis as global pandemic on March 11, 2020 (The

Washington Post, 2020). Bangladesh confirmed the first case of corona virus on March 8, 2020

(The Business Standard, 2020). Immediately after 10 days Bangladesh reported her first death

case (The Daily Star, 2020). In the meantime, the community transmission had already begun,

making the crisis running quite ugly. As a result, Bangladesh imposed total lockdown from

11
March 26, 2020. (Anadolu Agency, 2020). Corona crisis brought psychological and socio-

economical pressure as people were losing lives and livelihood (Bodrud-Doza, et al. 2020). To

save the country from corona virus only lockdown was not enough. People needed to bring

urgent changes in the behavior pattern towards preparedness. Corona virus crisis required safety

measures; generally mass people were not fond of those. So, this was quite challenging for

Bangladesh to adapt these changes. Different stakeholders like government, health agencies and

mainstream media played important roles here. Media not only transmitted values but also

worked like a bridge between government and people of Bangladesh. When online platforms

were accused with untruthfulness (The Business Standard, 2020), Bangladeshi mainstream media

tried to put their best forward. News like “Fact vs. Fear” gave mass people idea about what to

believe and what not in this infodemic (The Daily Star, 2020). Bangladesh witnessed a massive

change in her people’s behavior in this pandemic. People are now tending to follow safety

routine more than ever. For example, the garments factories are now maintaining proper safety

guideline (The Business Standard, 2020).

The inspiration of this paper came from this rapid change in people’s behavior. As government

has shut down various online news portals for spreading rumors (The Business Standard, 2020),

this study finds how mainstream media played the role of changing agent towards people

behavior shift in preparedness. “Change Agent” refers to, “a person or thing that encourages

people to change their behavior or opinions” (The Cambridge English Dictionary, n.d)

3.2 News type Analysis: Knowledge

Table- 3.2.1

12
 Measurements News- 01 Media &Date

Headline ভয় যেমন আশাও যেমন (There is hope as much as fear)

Information about The news started with idea on Mers and Sars, and

Coronavirus precisely the virus Sars-Cov-02 responsible for Covid-

19. Also gave the idea about the animals which are

responsible for the contagion.

Samakal
Social Distancing / Strictly advising for maintaining social distancing and

Lockdown home isolation.

March 05,
Sanitization Discussed, how proper sanitization can save from getting
2020
infected.

Mask Encouraging for using mask and using tissue while

sneezing or coughing.

Keywords Coronavirus, symptoms, preventive behaviors.

Remarks Providing information which leads the readers to enhance

their knowledge on Coronavirus.

What is Coronavirus or Covid-19? - was the starting line of the news which clearly indicated to

which direction the news is going to. In the following paragraph the whereabouts of Coronavirus

and the responsible virus and animals were revealed. Then the news discussed the contagion and

mortality rate with its severity. The rest of the news conveyed the behaviors that could be fatal,

along with the solutions to them.

Table- 3.2.2

Measurements News- 02 Media & Date

13
 Headline Covid-19: Facts vs fear

Information about Introduction with a large family of similar viruses

Corona Virus (MERS, SARS), how it transmits, symptoms, treatments.

Social distance/ Maintain a distance of at least three feet from someone

Lockdown who is coughing or sneezing, stay home if feel unwell. Daily Star

Sanitization Wash hands frequently and regularly

Mask Cover face during coughing or sneezing

Keywords Covid-19, symptoms, treatments, prevent March 06, 2020

Remarks Gave readers knowledge about Covid-19 and guidance to

deal this critical situation.

The news focused to introduce the readers with the new virus named Covid-19. It starts with

giving primary knowledge about Covid-19 and later focused on telling people how to be safe

from this. The news gave details about the necessary health measurements. All together this

report was enough to enhance knowledge about Corona Virus itself and about prevention.

Table- 3.2.3

Measurements News- 03 Media & Date

Headline য ায়ারেন্টাইরন থা াে পোমশশ অমানয েরে আইরনে র াে প্ররয়াগ

য ামর ায়ারেন্টাইরনে উপে য াে দিরেন দিরশষজ্ঞো (Strict laws to be

applied for violation of quarantine, experts emphasizing on home

quarantine)

Information The director of IEDCR suggested to call IEDCR hotline for

Channel I
about proper information on Corona virus.

14
Coronavirus

Social Distancing Suggesting strong home quarantine for those who returned to

/ Lockdown Bangladesh from corona-affected countries. March 13,

Sanitization No specific information was given about sanitization. 2020

Mask No specific direction was given about using mask.

Keywords IEDCR, government laws, infectious diseases, home quarantine,

returnee immigrants.

Remarks The focus of this news was enhancing knowledge about home

quarantine and the punishment if not maintained properly.

The news was telecast when corona virus was very new to Bangladesh but has already spread in

other countries drastically. So, many remittance workers were returning to the country. As a

result, it was very important to give them the proper knowledge on maintaining home quarantine,

which this news did. Since some returnees were not maintaining home isolation, IEDCR warned

that there will be some strict laws applied on them. The news was solely focused on home

quarantine issue and the steep consequence if not maintained so.

3.3 News Type Analysis: Attitude

Table- 3.3

Measurements News- 04 Media & Date

Headline Wash hands frequently, avoid gatherings

Information about First corona virus case in Bangladesh

Corona Virus

15
 Social distance/ Avoid mingling with persons infected with the virus Daily Star

Lockdown

Sanitization Clean hands with soap and water

Mask While coughing or sneezing cover mouth and nose with a March 11, 2020

bent elbow or tissue paper.

Keywords Government, school-college, advice

Remarks Influences toward changing attitudes of students to deal

with the virus.

The news advises school, college students to bring changes in their attitudes in order to be safe

from the pandemic. The whole news is written to inform readers how they can keep their hands

clean how they will cough or sneeze in public place and why it is important to keep social

distance. As a whole, the news kept pushing the readers to bring some emergency changes in day

to day life attitude, to cope up with the uncertain situation.

Table- 3.3.1

Measurements News- 05 Media & Date

Headline রোনা দনরয় আেঙ্ক নয় (Not to panic about corona)

Information about Rather than spreading fear, the news focused on easing

Corona virus people about corona virus.

Prothom Alo
Social Distancing / Suggestions given for avoiding mass-gatherings.

Lockdown
March 13,
Sanitization Focused on sanitizing hand and every materials or daily

16
 usage products. 2020

Mask Emphasized much on using mask if there are symptoms.

Keywords Coronavirus, immunity, preventive measures, diet.

Remarks Emphasizing on growing positive attitudes.

The main focal point of this news was to spreading positivity amid the fearful situation. The

doctor who wrote the column, with making people aware, giving hope and suggesting

developing positive attitudes and behaviors, which could save people from both mental and

physical illness.

Table- 3.3.2

Measurements News- 06 Media & Date

Headline খুি রুদে না রে যিে রি না (Do not go out unless

emergency)

Information about Describes present situation of corona crisis and potential

Corona Virus risks Prothom Alo

Social distance/ Those who came from affected countries have to be in

March 22, 2020
Lockdown home quarantine; in general, everyone will keep distance

at least 3 feet from each other.

Sanitization Frequently wash hands

Mask Wear mask while going outside

Keywords Mask, public transport, fever, hospital

Remarks Influences to change attitudes of mass people to deal with

the virus.

17
The news states our attitude code in this pandemic. It starts with stating the urgency of home

quarantine. The news stretches the attitude code by influencing the readers to use masks. It states

the necessary measurements those have to take while travelling in public transport. Later it gives

explanation how we can follow sanitization rule, what should a person do if he/she has fever.

The news discourages to go to hospital for regular checkups. All together the news pushes for the

new attitude code.

Table- 3.3.3

Measurements News- 07 Media &Date

Headline ম ামাদেরে আমারিে েণীয় (To do’s during pandemic)

Information about Mentioned the serious conditions arrived due to the

Coronavirus pandemic.
Samakal
Social Distancing / Stated the directives given by the Quran and the Prophet

Lockdown Muhammad (SM) during plagues and pandemics.

Sanitization The proper hygiene rules suggested by Islam which can

March 27,
be impactful in this pandemic.
2020
Mask Discussed about covering mouth what Islam suggested

while coughing and sneezing.

Keywords Coronavirus, Quran, Islam, healthcare behaviors.

Remarks Generating the positive attitudes during the Coronavirus

pandemic in content of Islam.

This news was written from the perspective of the cautionary steps suggested by Islam during

plagues and pandemic. Also, the news made a bridge between the steps, the doctors are

18
suggesting to follow and what Islam suggested. Here, all the cautionary steps and positive

attitudes were discussed and tried to be made justified by the messages of Islam. As a country

with majority of the followers of Islam, this news, from the context of Islam, suggest the

approval of positive attitudes and the behaviors to be adapted.

3.4 News Type Analysis: Practice

Table- 3.4

Measurements News- 08 Media & Date

Headline সাধােণ মানুরষে মারে সরেেনো যিখা োরে (Awareness is

being seen among mass people)

Information about Current situation of corona virus

Corona Virus Somoy

Television
Social distance/ Less gathering on the roads and public transports

Lockdown
March 09, 2020
Sanitization People said they wash hands every time the go back

home

Mask People wore masks on the roads, public transports, and

construction side.

Keywords Avoiding gathering, mask, sanitizer, manipulation in

price

Remarks Represents mass people’s practice of necessary health

measurements

19
The news showcases people’s safety maintaining practice. The audio-visual starts with footage

of a random person who accepts corona safety issues and follow those. In the news we see mass

people agreeing that they follow the protective measurements, wear masks whenever they go out

and wash hand after coming from outside. The news states that there is less gathering on the road

and public transports. This report establishes that people have accepted the health care rules and

practicing it in daily life.

Table- 3.4.1

Measurements News- 09 Media & Date

Headline মীরিে নয স্বাস্থ্যসুেক্ষাে িযিস্থ্া দনরয়রে েযারনে আই

(Channel I has taken healthcare measures for stuffs)

Information about Expressing the concern, the news shows the preventive

Coronavirus steps. Channel I

Social Distancing / The staffs of Channel I are seen to be maintaining the

March 21,
Lockdown ‘one-meter distance’ at their workplace.
2020
Sanitization The staffs are getting sanitized at the entrance of their

office, and the computer and other logistics are also

getting cleaned.

Mask All the staffs were provided with masks.

Keywords Channel I, coronavirus, PPE, mask, hand sanitizer.

Remarks The news is showing how Channel I and its staffs are

practicing the preventive behaviors.

20
The news content showed, how Channel I is providing their staffs the necessary tools. The office

environment is maintained as safe as possible. The staffs are maintaining social distance,

wearing masks, even the logistic tools getting disinfected again and again within a certain time.

In sum, this news shows the practice of the preventive behaviors.

21
 Chapter 4: Literature Review and Theoretical overview

4.1 Literature review…………………………………………………………………………24

4.2Communication Process…………………………………………………………………..25

4.23Elements in the Process of Communication…………………………………….…….....26

4.4Communication Model………………………………………………………………........32

22
4.1 Literature Review
A study (Jesus, 2012) suggests that the ample amount of health-related information promulgated

by the mass media has an imperative connection with building health awareness among people.

Irrespective of the health literacy and language barrier, mass media generated health

communication is influential to the media-consumers. Both the audiences who are actively

seeking health-advices and who are passively receiving the information are getting benefitted

from such communication. The study also says that, mass media can be an auxiliary force to

reduce health inequalities.

(Tahir, 2018) “HIV/AIDS Awareness and Electronic Media” was a study conducted in Pakistan,

where the relation among HIV awareness and education, ethnicity and electronic media was

investigated. The study suggests that, the educated are more aware of HIV but there was no

findings of proper connection with ethnicity. Also, the people who had more exposure to the

electronic media, precisely television and radio, had more knowledge on this issue than the

people of less or no exposure to the electronic media. The study indicates a positive association

between electronic media message and growing the health awareness.

(Kaur, Ghosh, Bhatia, 2014) the study gives analysis on SIRS epidemic model incorporating the

effects of the awareness programs by media. Here the targeted population is assigned to

compartments with labels S, I, R, and S. They were investigated along with the impact of the

media coverage on the spread and control of infectious diseases. The study suggests, mass media

awareness programs have a positive impact towards reducing epidemic risks. The study also

showed if mass media increases the coverage of awareness programs, there is a significant

decline in the number of infective in the population.

23
(Karasneh et al. 2020) did a study that evaluated the role of media in shaping perception of

knowledge, awareness risk perceptions and communication practices in COVID-19 among

pharmacists. The researchers set a questionnaire to identify the targeted pharmacists’ knowledge

level about disease awareness and media consumption. They suggest that there are effects which

media creates on mental wellbeing during this pandemic. It is found pharmacists had good level

of Colevel about disease awareness and media consumption. They suggest that there are effects

which media creates on mental wellbeing during this pandemic. It is found pharmacists had good

level of Covid-19 knowledge and high-risk perception which was influenced by the mediavid-19

knowledge and high-risk perception which was influenced by the media

4.2 Communication Process

The process of communication refers to the transmission or passage of information or message

from the sender through a selected channel to the receiver overcoming barriers that affect its

pace.

The process of communication is a cyclic one as it begins with the sender and ends with the

sender in the form of feedback. It takes place upward, downward and laterally throughout the

organization.

The process of communication as such must be a continuous and dynamic interaction, both

affecting and being affected by many variables.

Communication process consists of certain steps where each step constitutes the essential of an

effective communication.

24
4.3 Elements in the Process of Communication

4.3.1 Sender
The very foundation of communication process is laid by the person who transmits or sends the

message. He is the sender of the message which may be a thought, idea, a picture, symbol,

report or an order and postures and gestures, even a momentary smile. The sender is therefore

the initiator of the message that need to be transmitted. After having generated the idea,

information etc. the sender encodes it in such a manner that can be well-understood by the

receiver.

4.3.2 Message
Message is referred to as the information conveyed by words as in speech and write-ups, signs,

pictures or symbols depending upon the situation and the nature and importance of information

desired to be sent. Message is the heart of communication. It is the content the sender wants to

covey to the receiver. It can be verbal both written and spoken; or non-verbal i.e. pictorial or

symbolic, etc.

4.3.3 Encoding
Encoding is putting the targeted message into appropriate medium which may be verbal or non-

verbal depending upon the situation, time, space and nature of the message to be sent. The

sender puts the message into a series of symbols, pictures or words which will be

communicated to the intended receiver. Encoding is an important step in the communication

process as wrong and inappropriate encoding may defeat the true intent of the communication

process.

25
4.3.4 Channel
Channel(s) refers to the way or mode the message flows or is transmitted through. The message

is transmitted over a channel that links the sender with the receiver. The message may be oral or

written and it may be transmitted through a memorandum, a computer, telephone, cell phone,

apps or televisions.

Since each channel has its advantages and disadvantages, the choice of proper selection of the

channel is paramount for effective communication.

4.3.5 Receiver
Receiver is the person or group who the message is meant for. He may be a listener, a reader or

a viewer. Any negligence on the part of the receiver may make the communication ineffective.

The receiver needs to comprehend the message sent in the best possible manner such that the

true intent of the communication is attained. The extent to which the receiver decodes the

message depends on his/her knowledge of the subject matter of the message, experience, trust

and relationship with the sender.

The receiver is as significant a factor in communication process as the sender is. It is the other

end of the process. The receiver should be in fit condition to receive the message, that is, he/she

should have channel of communication active and should not be preoccupied with other

thoughts that might cause him/her to pay insufficient attention to the message.

4.3.6 Decoding
Decoding refers to interpreting or converting the sent message into intelligible language. It

simply means comprehending the message. The receiver after receiving the message interprets

it and tries to understand it in the best possible manner.

26
4.3.7 Feedback
Feedback is the ultimate aspect of communication process. It refers to the response of the

receiver as to the message sent to him/her by the sender. Feedback is necessary to ensure that

the message has been effectively encoded, sent, decoded and comprehended.

It is the final step of the communication process and establishes that the receiver has received

the message in its letter and spirit. In other words, the receiver has correctly interpreted the

message as it was intended by the sender. It is instrumental to make communication effective

and purposeful.

Consider the following points related to the feedback involved in the process of

communication-

• It enhances the effectiveness of the communication as it permits the sender to know the

efficacy of his message.

• It enables the sender to know if his/her message has been properly comprehended.

• The analysis of feedbacks helps improve future messages. Feedback, like the message,

can be verbal or nonverbal and transmitted through carefully chosen channel of

communication.

• We can represent the above steps in a model as the model of communication process.

4.3.7.1 Types of Feedback

Kevin Eujeberry, the world famous leadership exponent mentioned the four types of feedback.

The types are as follows −

• Negative Feedback or corrective comments about past behavior

• Positive Feedback or affirming comments about future behavior

27
 • Negative feed forward or corrective comments about future behavior

• Positive feed forward or affirming comments about future behavior

4.3.8 Barriers to Effective Listening

Barriers refer to obstacles or hindrances that prevent movement, flow and access of information

in or outside of an organization.

In the lexicon of communication, barriers refer to specific items that can distort or prevent

communication within an organization. It affects effective exchange of ideas, thoughts and

information.

In a nutshell, anything that hinders the process of communication at any level is a barrier to

effective communication. Barriers can be originated at any point in the communication process.

• They can be caused by the sender.

• They may be found in the message transmission media.

• They may arise while receiving the message.

• There may be problems in receiver’s comprehending the message etc.

Barriers are threat to the success of effective communication. They make communication

inaccessible, unintelligible thereby killing the prospect of its being effective. There must be

motivation and interest in a conversation to be able to listen effectively. However, even if there

is motivation and interest, there might be some barriers that affect our ability to listen well.

4.3.8.1 Semantic Barriers

This is one of the most common barriers to listening. Learners of a language normally face this

kind of barrier.

28
 • Unfamiliar Vocabulary: Words used by the speaker may not be familiar to you. The

speaker may use difficult words and jargons. As a result you cannot comprehend what the

speaker says.

• Elements of Connected Speech: The speaker is too fast. There are very few pauses and

the rhythm that might not be familiar to you. You fail to recognize familiar words

because of contractions, reductions, linking.

• Jargons: There can be technical languages that can be understood from any of the sides.

• Unable to Predict, Guess, and Interpret Meaning from the Context

4.3.8.2 Socio-Cultural Barriers

The socio-cultural barriers also hamper effective listening.

• Different Cultural Background: The speaker’s accent and pronunciation of words are

not familiar to you because of difference in cultures between you and the speaker.

• Unfamiliar Subject: The subject may not be familiar to you because you are not familiar

with a particular culture or are unaware of the lifestyle of a particular society.

4.3.8.3 Personal Barriers

There can also be personal barriers to effective listening.

• Forming opinions and drawing conclusions before listening: It is not a bad idea to

know the purpose of your listening. But you may form opinions about the speaker even

before he or she speaks. People may make assumptions about the subject to be spoken

about and draw conclusions even before the speaker speaks.

This may block your mind and as a result you will not be able to listen.

29
Lack of interest in the topic: You may not listen

• Lack of interest in the topic: You may not listen if you do not have any interest in the

speaker’s topic.

• Inability to pay attention: Day dreaming and a wandering mind may prevent you from

listening.

• Prejudice: People may refuse to listen to something, which goes against your ideas and

beliefs. People hear only what you want to hear.

Emotional fluctuation: A persona can be anywhere in his emotional stage at the moment. This

also puts effect on an effective communication

4.3.8.4 Physical Barriers

Physical barriers also hinder effective listening. Let us see what these physical barriers are.

• Noisy surroundings: The environment may be too noisy, which may affect listening.

• Physical distance: Receiver may be too far away from the speaker or too close to the

speaker to be able to hear clearly.

30
4.4 Communication Model
Models of communication are conceptual models used to explain the human communication

process. Following the basic concept and from the above discussion, a communication model of

an effective communication is given below:

Encoding Decoding
Noise
Message conflict and inconsistency

Source Messages Channel / Receiver

Company, Information, Medium

Employees,
Individual, Notice, Internet, Mobile,
Students,
Group Instruction, Laptop,
Audiences,
Advertisement Computer,
Customers
Papers, Persona
hired for
communication

Feedback
Response, Asking questions, Request
information, Acceptance, Rejection

31
 Chapter 5: Discussion on Objectives

5.1 Business Communication Characteristics between Government and mass people….………34

5.2 Business Communication Elements between Government and mass people ……..…...........32

5.3 Business Communication Model between Government and mass people…………………..36

5.4 Business Communication Process between Government and mass people …………............36

5.5 Barriers Faced by Govt.Their Communication System……………………………………..37

5.6 Practices Adopted by Govt. to Minimize the Barriers………………………………………39

32
5.1 Business Communication Characteristics between Govt. and Mass
population
The government launches the covid 19 vaccination awareness to prepare the general population

ahead of the mass inoculation against the highly transmissible virus. This communication needs

to be effective because if mass population don’t understand how important vaccination program

for them for controlling this pandemic situation. Otherwise Govt. will not be able to successful

for the vaccination program.

Communication can be categorized on basis of expression method

• Nonverbal communication: Nonverbal communication (NVC) is the transmission of

messages or signals through a nonverbal platform such as eye contact, facial expressions,

gestures, posture, and the distance between two individuals

• Verbal communication: Verbal communication refers to a form

of communication which uses spoken and written words for expressing and transferring

views and ideas.

5.2 Business Communication Elements between Government and mass

population

5.2.1 Sender:
In case of business communication between Government and mass population the sender is

Government. We are taking government as sender because mostly it’s their call to make contact

with people through some medium and the medium can be newspaper, radio, social media etc..

The sender and receiver can get swiped frequently.

33
5.2.2 Message:
The messages that are being exchanged between the Government and mass population are

mostly about the vaccination, registration, and accepted age of registration in surokkha app or

anything mass people require to know. It can be about anything related to the Covid 19

vaccination

5.2.3 Media:
The media that Government chosen is internet, particularly the surokkha app and other fruitful

Medias are news, television, magazine, radio. These Medias help them to know the necessity of

taking vaccine and wearing mask.

5.2.4 Receiver:
The receiver is mass population of Bangladesh who need to know about the proper knowledge

about vaccination program.

5.2.5 Feedback:
In an effective communication feedback is a must. It’s the only way to continue the conversation

and come to a proper understanding about what information is required. Feedback can be in a

form of acceptance, rejection for age limit or medical issues.

5.2.6 Barriers:
There can be a lot of barriers that can hamper the communication between these two parties.

There can be wrong interpretation, poor listening quality, message conflict, resource

mismanagement, rumors, technological issues, Lack of interest in the topic, Inability to pay

attention, noisy surroundings, network problem, technical problem etc.

34
 5.3 Communication Model between Government and Mass population

Noise
Poor listening quality Rumors, Resource
mismanagement, unfamiliar vocabulary,
forming opinions and drawing conclusions
Encoding Decoding
before listening, Lack of interest in the topic,
Inability to pay attention, network problem,
technical problem

Source Messages Channel / Receiver

Government Information, Medium Mass
Notice, Internet, Mobile, population of
Instruction, Laptop, Bangladesh
Advertisement Computer,
Television,
Surokkha App

Feedback
Response, asking questions, Request
information, Acceptance, Rejection

5.4 Communication Process between Government and mass communication

The process of communication refers to the transmission of information from sender to receiver

through selected channel for overcoming barriers and noise.in this communication process the

sender is government, the sender and is encoding the concept with his own perception of what he

wants to say. After the message is encoded the sender needs to choose a medium or channel to

send the message. The medium can be internet or a third person anything that will carry the

message to the receiver to the other end. When the message will reach the other end of the
35
receiver the message will be decoded and the receiver will understand the message with his own

perception and point of view. The less difference between the sender and the receiver

understands the better effective communication it is. After receiving the message by the receiver

a feedback will be required to continue the conversation. The feedback can be anything,

regarding accept the vaccination program positively or reject the vaccination program basis of

some rumors. On basis of the feedback the sender can also become sure if the receiver has got

his point or not.

During this whole process there can be factor that interrupts the communication process which is

mentioned as the communication barrier. It is facts or obstacles that prevent receiver or sender to

be able to communicate properly and get each other perceptions.

5.5. Barriers Faced by Govt. in Their Communication System

5.5.1. Being Unclear
When talking about communication barriers, clarity is a hard one to overcome because everyone

understands of something must be different. However, the speaker must make sure that he is

speaking with absolute clarity and there are no ambiguities in speech

5.5.2. Not Listening Properly

Listening is a problem in effective communication and nothing works out without listening

properly. People usually jump to assumptions and make up things without apprehending and

letting others finish. This can be overcome by providing proper resource management and

bringing social awareness about rumors regarding vaccination.

5.5.3. Vaccine Confidence

We can address vaccine hesitancy by building vaccine confidence, which is multifaceted

concept, based largely on trust .Vaccine confidence is the trust that patients, parents or providers

have in

36
 ➢ Recommended vaccination.

➢ Providers who administrate vaccines.

➢ Processes and policies that lead to vaccine development.

5.5.4 Perceptual Barriers

Differing opinions and views can reduce objectivity. One may enter a conversation assuming that the

listener will not understand you or be uninterested in what you're speaking about - this may

consequently lead you to unintentionally harming your message, such as, using dismissive language or

trying to be more humorous.

Or you may be the listener that doesn't agree with the speaker's beliefs so you choose not to listen

properly or you look for faults in what they're saying rather than trying to understand.

5.5.5.Vaccine safety
Covid 19 vaccine safety surveillance manuals highlight the importance for countries to include some

plans for covid 19 vaccination. Some steps to community readiness is important. Some people think

that vaccine has some negative effects for their heath, who are believing those rumors are not

interested to take vaccine.

5.5.6.Attentional Barriers
The listener may not pay enough attention to what is being said, perhaps they're distracted or

uninterested or they think the speaker's topic is irrelevant. This is very common in verbal

communication, Communication is two-way; without paying attention and actively listening you will

not understand the message.

5.5.7. Too Much Information

Providing someone with an overwhelming amount of details can confuse them and distract from one’s

message. This is especially the case if the message has a lot of information that is new to the receiver.

37
5.6. Practices Adopted by Government to Minimize the Barriers

While the rapid development of vaccine against Covid 19 is an extraordinary achievement,

successfully vaccinating the mass population presents many challenges, from production t0

distribution, deployment and importantly acceptance. Trust in the vaccine is vital and is critically

dependent on the ability of government to communicate the benefits of vaccination and to deliver

the vaccines successfully and effectively The brief addresses the role of government in

promoting confidence in the effectiveness and safely through effective communication, as well

as trust in their ability to procure and distribute them efficiently and equitably.

➢ The extent to which the Government can install and maintain public confidence in the

effectiveness and safety of the vaccines.

➢ The competence and reliability of the institutions that deliver them

➢ Government takes some principles and process that guide Government decisions and

actions in vaccine procurement distribution, prioritization and administration.

➢ The capacity and effectiveness of regulatory agencies in handling issues and

communicating consistently as events arise, while retaining public confidence in their

review process.

➢ The effectiveness of the public engagement and communications that accompany these.

It is also important to ensure that Government actions are open to public scrutiny and that

public institutions engage with the population by

➢ Proactively releasing timely information on vaccination strategies modalities and

accomplishments in disaggregated, user friendly and open source formats.

38
 ➢ Engaging the public when developing vaccination strategies and in the form and

content of key communication.

Hospitals and Doctors

➢ Encourage senior leaders to be vaccine champions.

➢ Share key message with staff through email, break room posters and other channels.

➢ Host discussions where employees at different level can ask questions and share concern

in a safe space.

Government Campaign

The campaigns are launched by the Government to create awareness on coronavirus vaccine in

rural and remote areas of country and also to” crush and curb the rumors being spread by some

vested interests ‘regarding ongoing inculation.various religious leaders prominent people through

some effective messages.

Finally we can say that the Government takes proper steps to avoid the rumors about vaccination

and trying their best to bring awareness about vaccination.

39
 Chapter 6: Summary of findings

Summary of Findings……………………………………………..…………………………….42

40
Summary of findings

Communication can best be summarized as the transmission of a message from a sender to a

receiver in an understandable manner. The importance of effective communication is

immeasurable in the world of business and in personal life. From this pandemic perspective,

effective communication is an absolute must, because it commonly accounts for the difference

between success and failure or acceptance and rejections of taking vaccine. It has become clear

that effective communication is critical to the successful operation. Every person needs to

understand the fundamentals of effective communication to avoid rumors about vaccination and

bring awareness in the society.

In this pandemic situation an effective communication is a must. This is why development and

practice of a strong communication process is a part of Covid 19 awareness strategy plan. An

effective communication will improve team building. Honest and effective communication can

create a strong team. Communication helps solve morale issues by keeping entire process rumor

free.

Everyone who chooses to get vaccinated does it for a reason, someone may choose to get

vaccinated will always be those that are most compelling them too personally, to protect their

family, to be less anxious, to visit their parents or get back to the activities. The Government

takes proper steps to motivate the mass population through some channel like social media,

advertisement, and magazine.as a part of the society it is collective duty of each and every

individual to get the true information and also spread the awareness among the people so the

pandemic can be dealt accordingly.

41
An effective communication will be possible when the differences between sender and

receiver’s perception minimizes at its best. So, there will be factors like dealing with the barriers,

choosing proper media, proper time, correct receiver and proper adoption of feedback.

Government trying their best to choose the perfect communication process, it has a strong

communication process with an expertise team for communicating with every individual. If this

team fails of their communication does not take place effectively, ultimately there will be a

wrong command provided to the system which will lead increasing affected rate of corona virus.

Therefore, our Government ensures an effective communication system in their process and

makes sure the appropriate news get conveyed.

42
 Chapter 7: Conclusion and recommendation

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………45

Recommendations………………………………………………………………………............45

43
Conclusion

This study performed an online-based survey among people at different ages in Bangladesh

during September 2021.This report mainly addresses the communication process of covid 19

awareness and vaccination. Our findings divulge that involving in the creative use of social

media enhances the likelihood of Covid-19 prevention by improving online-based knowledge of

Covid19precautions. . When communication is effective, it leaves all parties involved satisfied

and feeling accomplished. By delivering messages clearly, there is no room for misunderstanding

or alteration of messages, which decreases the potential for conflict. This is why Government

tries their best to maintain a strong communication process with their people and put much effort

for it.

Recommendations

• Use of Simple Language: Use of simple and clear words should be emphasized. Use of

ambiguous words and jargons should be avoided.

• Reduction and elimination of noise levels: Noise is the main communication barrier

which must be overcome on priority basis. It is essential to identify the source of noise

and then eliminate that source.

• Active Listening: Listen attentively and carefully. There is a difference between

“listening” and “hearing”. Active listening means hearing with proper understanding of

the message that is heard. By asking questions the speaker can ensure whether his/her

message is understood or not by the receiver in the same terms as intended by the

speaker.

• Avoiding Rumors: we can decrease the rate of affecting by getting Covid 19 vaccine,

make them understand the fact, vaccines are safe and effective. Once they are fully

44
 vaccinated, they can resume most activities that they stopped doing because of COVID

19 pandemic. For these reasons we should avoid rumors, people who have already gotten

sick with COVID 19 may still benefit from getting vaccinated.

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 Appendix 1
The survey is to serve the purpose for a better understanding of the communication process

between the Government and mass population of Bangladesh. Also to know about the barriers

faced by them while communicating and the steps taken to minimize possible obstacles to

establish effective communication process between both of the parties.

SL No Questions

1 Are you aware of the term “Effective communication Process”?

2 Are the people practicing necessary health issues?

3 Can there be any jargons or barriers between both parties communication?

4 How has media done the conditioning?

5 How mass media works bringing the awareness among people?

6 Do you think noise is one of the most common communication barrier in term of

oral communication?

46