OBJECTIVE

To verity that the relation R in the set of lines in a plane, defined by R = {(, m): (1L m} is
symmetric but nether reflexive nor transitive.

PRE-REQUISITE KNOWLEDGE

of parallel lines, perpendicular lines and inclined lines in a plane.

Concept
relation R from A > B is a sub set of A x B, we write it as R =
{(a, b) :a eA,
Concept of relations i.e., a

be B and a R b}.
set A is said to be reflexive ifa R a for every
Concept of reflexive relation: A relation R in non-empty
a e A, i.e., (a, a') e R for all a e A.
R b b R a
relation in a non-empty set A is symmetric if a
Concept of symmetric relation: A
e A.
i.e., (a, b) e R » (6, a) e R, V a, b b Rc » a Rc
relation in a set A is said to be transitive if a R b,
Concept of transitive relation: A
i.e., (a, b) e R; (6, c) e R (a, c)e R for every a, b, c e A.
set A if it is
A relation R is said to an equivalence relation in a
Concept of a n equivalence relation:
transitive.
(i) reflexive (ii) symmetric (iii)

MATERIALS REQUIRED
Card board
White sheet of paper
Geometry box
Board pins
Coloured pincils or pens

Eraser
Cutter

PROCEDURE
Take a card board and fix a white sheet on it with the help of board pins.
 + X +
.Using different coloured pincils, draw lines on white sheet in such a way that some of them are parallel,
some are perpendicular to each other and some are inclined lines.
.Namethe lines as ,, l, l ,1o 8s shown in Fig. 1.1.

Inclined line

FIGURE 1.1

DEMONSTRATION
.In Fig. 1.1, 1, is perpendicular to l2, l, l4, l5, le. Where l, lg, l, 15 and ls are parallel lines.
and l are parallel lines.
i s perpendicular to lg and 1g
1 0 is inclined line (which is neither parallel nor perpendicular to any line).
i s parallel to , , and l ie, l l I1 1 ete.
Thus (. l,), 41, 1), (l, 1,), l1, z), U1, 1), U, lg), Vg. lg) are perpendicular lines
So, , 1), 1, 1,), 4,, 1), l , g), , 16), 47, 1), 4g, 1,) e R. (Lines are perpendicular to each other).

OBSERVATIONS
For Reflexive
In Fig. 1.1, we observe that no line is perpendicular to itaelf.
So the relation R = {U, m): 1 Lm) is not reflexive.

For Symmetric
Now, 1, is perpendicular to l, (yes)
Hence 1 is perpendicular to l (yes)
 1,) e R »
, 1) e R
Similarly. 1, is perpendicular to hence l is perpendicular to 7
, 1) e R »
(3, 1,) e R
Again, , is perpendicular to 1, hence l, is perpendicular to l

This can be easily observe for line

,. 15). . 1). O7. 1g). 4g. 1,) that are perpendicular to each other.
Thus, using the concept of symmetry, we have
R {(0, m) : l L m} is symmetric.
For Transitivity
We know, relation R is said to be transitive if
(a, b) e R; (b, c) e R » (a, c) e R for all a, b, c e A
but here from Fig. 1.1, we observe that

L. L l, but l, is not perpendicular to l, ie., U, 1) e R, l; 's) e R but (l2, ) e R.

So, the relation R ={(1, m) : llm} is not transitive.

RESULT
R {(, m) : lL m} is neither reflexive, nor transitive but it is symmetric.