Information Sheet 7 TTL2

QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
MODULE 7: Producing Learning Resources using Technology Tools
1. Human and Non- • Produce learning resources

Human Learning using technology tools in
resources/Instructional various subject areas.
materials
2. Technology tools in
teaching various • Identify various
subject areas instructional materials
3. Characteristics of (IMs) and technology tools
Good/Appropriate IMs in teaching and learning
and Technology Tools
4. Creating Teacher • Evaluate the relevance and
Productivity Materials appropriateness of IMs and
Using Technology Tools Technology Tools
Overview of the Lesson

With the main goal on the promotion of quality learning opportunity, the school and the
government tie up on the identification of the urgent needs and priorities to address this
concern. The school administration in return, cascade down these factors into the school
culture which includes the natural, human, and capital resources. These resources also
define and helps determine the available technology tools and materials which are applicable
and appropriate to the learning condition of the stakeholders.
This lesson will further highlight the Human Resources Classification, Categories of
Manpower, Factors influencing Human Resources, Issues and Challenges on Human
Resource Management in Education, Classification of Educational Resources,
Technology tools in teaching various subject areas and Characteristics of
Good/Appropriate IMs and Technology Tools.
The culmination of this lesson will allow learners to create their own learning episodes
and learning materials, and use technology tools in providing better
activity/game/assessment to learners.
IN TOUCH!
Human and Non-Human Learning Resources/Instructional Materials
Figure 7.1 Available Human and Non-Human Resources
VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino
Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.
“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

DIFFUN CAMPUS
Human Resources, Its Classification and Categorization

Resources are classified in three categories as follows by economists (Dlabay Burrow,
2015) as cited by Sharma (2015) in the Indian Journal of Management & Economics.
1. Natural Resources
These are resources that exist without any actions of humankind. This includes all
valued characteristics such as magnetic, gravitational, electrical properties and
forces, etc. (https://en.m.wikipedia.org).
In the context of education, natural resources are available learning
materials/learning conditions (university ground is used as a field space for Physical
activities; realia like trees, earthworms, plants are used for observations and other
related activities).
2. Human Resources
Human resources are the people who make up the workforce of an organization,
business sector, or economy (https://en.m.wikipedia.org).
In light of the education sector, human resource is the workforce which works in
unison to achieve the learning goals we set in the process of providing quality
education to our stakeholders. The administration, together with the working staff
and faculty, creates a scheme and a system to smoothly process all needs and
demands of the learning society.
3. Capital Resources
Educational capital refers to educational goods that are converted into commodities
to be bought, sold, withheld, traded, consumed, and profited from in the educational
system.
These capital resources come in any form (smart boards, tables, computers, models,
mock-ups, etc.) and serves the purpose of augmenting the learning condition of the
learners.
Factors influencing Human Resources:

1. Mental factor
This is the most important factor influencing the efficiency of human resources.
Mental power is a very dynamic factor which promotes thinking and decision making
capabilities which greatly affect the quality and quantity of human labor resources.
This factor serves as the driving force of man to think, execute, and reflect on their
work progress.
2. Physiological factors
All activities of man depend on his physical strength. If a person is physically misfit
all other function is affected and may hamper the quality of work which he needs to
perform.
3. The psychological factors

As cited from Sharma (2015) in the Indian Journal of Management & Economics
attitude, aptitude, interest and others are psychological qualities of man which may
be either encouraging or discouraging. If they are encouraging, they introduce a
positive element in the efficiency of resource utilization, but when they are
discouraging they introduce a negative element and the efficiency of resource
utilization goes down.
It is significant to exercise self-introspection/self-evaluation on the process of
strengthening the psychological factor. It develops trust and self-esteem as we juggle
with the challenges in our work area.
4. Organizational factors
In the Indian Journal of Management & Economics attitude authored by Sharma
(2015), organization is defined as one of the most important elements in the
production of social commodities and it gives birth to induce, incentives and benefits.
VISION MISSION

DIFFUN CAMPUS
There is no such thing as a perfect organization but there will always be best ways
and practices to make the organization function better. For better organization the
administration needs to look into the professional and personal growth of the
workforce—training, promotion, contest, professional insights and skilled knowledge
should be taken into account. The organization should also create a work
environment, which increase their mutual contact to build rapport between and
among them.
5. Competitive and non-competitive factors

Competitive behavior encourages the labor inputs in production processes while
noncompetitive behavior discourages them and brings resistance to development
progress.
The concept of acceptance and change is an important factor in the development
of a competitive yet non-threatening environment in an organization. The
administration should allow their workforce to work in an environment that promotes
self-discipline, growth, and change.
6. Future prospects
If workers have the prospect of future opportunities like, increment in wage, salary,
promotion of posts or their amenities, then workers will take interest in their work.
Accept it or not, this serves as a motivation to workers to push harder and be
competitive in their work area.
7. Cultural factors
Culture permits man to imitate nature, to improve on nature. It enables man to
create new substances nowhere found in nature. Culture gives man the power to
release energies not available in nature. It affects the most intimate of human moves,
those governing reproduction (Sharma, 2015).
8. Technology and the Arts

These factors influence human resources and in return human resources affects
production processes. The need to retool and refresh the workforce’s knowledge and
construct regarding the evolving identity of technology and the arts is a must to keep
the workforce updated with the present demands of education. Sending them for
further professional studies, motivating them to participate in conferences, trainings,
and workshops would be of great help.
9. Physical factors
Include the effects of temperature, rainfall, humidity relief features and other
elements of the natural environment. The qualities of man will be better where the
natural environment is congenial to him and will be more active than that of the other
uncongenial environment (Sharma, 2015).
10. Economic factors

The people who are economically well, inherit better means on human resources—
same goes to the government/school. It is important, however, to not solely rely on
the government when it comes to resources. There should also be initiatives from the
administration to source out for funding and help from various NGOs which could be
of help in augmenting the constraints.
11. Social factors

The development of human resource depends on the development of the social
environment in which they are nurtured. A healthy work area where the workforce
works in unison to a common goal, where they are free to discuss factors influencing
their labor, where they can be of help to their co-workers and the likes will help them
promote openness and stronger rapport.
VISION MISSION

DIFFUN CAMPUS
Issues and Challenges on Human Resource Management in Education
Goals and Role of Human Resource Management in Education

(lifted from HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATION: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES by Dr. (Mrs) Chinyere A. Omebe)
The goals of human resource management in education are to develop workers and
contribute to goal achievement. It has some specific roles to play.
Strategic Role Operational Role

•Human resources are critical for •According to Mathis and Jackson (1997).
effective educational functioning. Operational activities are both tactical and
administrative in nature. Griffin (1997) sees
operational role from the legal perspective
•If managed well, human resources can because some have regulated various
be a source of competitive strength for aspects of employee-employer relations.
the education. Strategically, human
resources must be viewed in the same •Human resources management is interested
context as the financial, technological in compliance with equal employment
and other resources that are managed opportunities and observation of labor laws;
in any organization (Onah, 2008). examples; applicants must be oriented to the
organizations, supervisors must be trained,
safety problems must be resolved; wages
and salaries must be administered.
Figure 7.2 Roles of Human Resource
Challenges of Human Resource Management in Education
Human resource management has become notably complex in the sense that as human
beings, they are not reliable for doing one thing over and over in exactly the same way. They
can be expensive depending on their cadres, qualification and skills. Their productivity is
highly dependent on the person’s ability to instruct. The same content cannot be delivered
every time. A number of factors have contributed in this complexity. They Include the
Following:
•A good remuneration tends to reduce inequalities between

staff earnings, raise their individual morale, motivate them
Poor Working Condition to work for pay increase and promotions, reduces inter
group friction and employee grievances.
•The problem of staffing is enormous. There are problem on

the quality and quantity of staff recruited for the education
Problems of Staffing of our citizens. The reason is from poor staff recruitment
and selection process.
•ICT provides the most expensive means of rapid

dissemination of information and imparting knowledge,
Current Call for the Use of decentralization of work, expansion of work force and with
ICT in Education ICT, the teacher becomes a facilitator, supervisor and a
guide for classroom instruction.
Figure 7.3 Challenges of Human Resource Management
VISION MISSION

DIFFUN CAMPUS
Technology Tools in Teaching Various Subject Areas
Classification of Education Resources

(lifted from Educational Resources: An Integral Component for Effective School Administration in Nigeria, Usman 2016)
Cited by Usman (2016), according to NOUN (2009), Education resources based on their
nature are basically classified into the following categories:
1. Material/Physical Resources. These are tangibles which are used in supplementing
the needs in the context of education.
• Material/Physical Resource Management in School
✓ Preventive maintenance
✓ Routine maintenance
✓ Emergency Repairs
✓ Predictive Maintenance
2. Financial Resources. It serves as the lifeblood on the procurement of the needs and
priorities of the school administration.
• Financial Management in Schools
✓ All financial regulations and procedures are complied with,
✓ All financial transactions are recorded accurately,
✓ Adequate controls are in place to ensure that expenditures do not exceed
income, and
✓ Only authorized expenditures are incurred.
Financial management is, therefore, an integral part of the responsibility as an
education manager because, without good financial management practices,
schools would find it difficult to achieve their goals.
3. Time Resources. The time allotted in every workforce activity is an important
component of the education resources. It helps define a systematic treatment in every
work-related activity.
• Significance of Time Management in School Administration
✓ Setting Priorities and Goals
✓ General Life Improvement
✓ Reducing Stress and Negativity
✓ Productivity and Performance
✓ Developing Employees
4. Human Resources. Pertains to human intervention in the workforce.
• Three major trends in Governing Human Resource
✓ Demographies. The characteristics of a population/workforce for example age,
gender or social class. The type of trend may have an effect in relation to
pension offering, insurance packages etc.
✓ Diversity. The variation within the population/workplace changes in the
society now mean that a larger proportion of organization is made up of “baby
boomers or old workers in comparison to thirty years ago. Advocates of
workplace divert advocates an employee base that is a minor reflection of the
make- up of the society in so far as race, gender, sexual orientation etc.
✓ Skills and Qualification. As industries move from manual to more managerial
profession, so does the need for more highly skilled graduates. If the market is
tight (i.e. not enough staff for the job) employers must compete for employees
by offering financial rewards, community investments etc.
5. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Resources. These are modern
opportunities which help refresh, update, and retool the workforce to attain a
technology-driven and technology-oriented academic culture.
• Relevance of ICT Resources in School Administration
✓ The use of ICTs helps improve the quality of education
✓ Sharing knowledge
✓ ICTs help prepare individuals for the workplace
✓ Access to remote learning resources
✓ Processing knowledge
VISION MISSION

DIFFUN CAMPUS
✓ Community Resources
6. Community resources are both human and non- human materials (Omosewo,
Ogunlade, and Oyedeji, 2012).
Problems Associated with Resources Availability and Utilization in School

Administration.
Resources
Availability
Misuse of Supply of
Ineffective
Shortage Political the Poor
school
substandard Inadequate Low staff
of Funds Issues School Management educational facilities morale
leadership
Facilities resources
Figure 7.4 Problems on Resource Availability
Key factors in selecting educational materials for teaching and learning processes
• The objectives and goals of instruction are the starting point for the selection and
structuring of materials during instruction.
• Educational contents, as Jana Kalin (2004, p. 213) writes, also define the selection
of materials, as the teacher should choose such a medium that will allow for a
systematic treatment of the educational content and its credible representation and will
take into account learning steps.
• When selecting educational media/materials, the teacher should also bear in mind the
didactic strategies that he/she will use during the teaching process.
• Considering the characteristics of students and teachers, we have to be aware of and
take into account students’ abilities, gender, age, experience, prior knowledge,
working tempo and learning progress (Kalin, 2004). Great importance should also
be placed on the teacher’s attitude toward educational media, his/her experience in
using educational technology, qualification for its use and the professional judgment on
the manner and frequency of its use (ibid.).
• The technical and didactic characteristics of the media/materials are also highly
relevant. The materials have to be didactically adapted, that is, suited to the needs of
the teaching process. They should contain and transmit information as well as allow
students the attainment of educational goals (ibid., p. 214).
Tools in
Teaching Art
Various Representation Abstraction
Subject Areas
Visual aids SIMs

Learners
Creativity Teachers
Figure 7.5 Integration of SIMs to the Education Resource

VISION MISSION

DIFFUN CAMPUS
Definition of SIMs
• Learning – stimulate learning
• Stimulates Instruction- facilitates learning and instruction
• Values- capture students interact and exudes character
• Presents us REALITY- help learners understand the world
• Games – relieve anxiety, fear or boredom
Form of Portraying Reality

1. Experiential Learning (all senses)
o learning-by-doing
o highest way of portraying reality
2. Reproduction (seeing and hearing)
3. Representation (visual)
4. Abstraction lecture
o using imagination
o poorest way of portraying reality
Types of Materials
I. 2D Materials
a. materials are commonly played
b. graphics and plot pictures
c. have a height and width
II. 3D Materials
have a height, width and depth
Kinds:
1. Model – resize of the real material
Figure 7.6 Model of a Bicycle
2. Realia (real materials)- tangible material
3. Mock – up – a scale or full size model of a design or device that you can turn
it into pieces.
Figure 7.7 Mock-up of a Train out of Varied Shapes

VISION MISSION

DIFFUN CAMPUS
4. Diorama – representation of a real setting
Figure 7.8 Sample Diorama
5. Puppet – one of the most advance material being used in storytelling.

Kinds:
• Marionette / String Puppet. It uses a string to manipulate the puppet
Figure 7.9 Marionette
• Shadow Puppet. Uses the shadow to create a presentation out of the

puppets
Figure 7.10 Shadow Puppet
• Finger Puppet. It uses the fingers to portray different characters of a puppet

scene.
Figure 7.11 Finger Puppet
VISION MISSION

DIFFUN CAMPUS
• Rod Puppets. Puppet characters are help on a rod/stick during

presentation
Figure 7.12 Rod Puppet
III. Audio – Recording – sense of hearing

a. Recordings
b. Radio
IV. Projected Materials

a. Still Projection—projects the corresponding image on a projection screen using a lens
system (https://en.m.wikipedia.org).
b. Motion Pictures—a series of pictures projected on a screen in a rapid succession with
objects shown in successive positions slightly changed so as to produce the optical
effect of a continuous picture in which the object move (https://www.merriam-
webster.com).
V. Educational Television (values)
Figure 7.13 The learners watching the movements of the planets.
VI. Technology-driven Tools. These materials are used as a response to the global
demands of education. They are generated and accessed through the use of digital
culture and digital literacy as guide ( please refer to lesson 6 as a guide tool to this discussion).
General Rules in Developing Instructional Materials

(These rules are the guiding path of the human resource in the construction of tools or materials to supplement the needs and
demands of learning in the context of education.)
1. Appropriateness – cardinal rule in selecting instructional material.

✓ Age appropriate
✓ Enlighten with instructional objectives
✓ Topic appropriate
✓ Considers physical setting
✓ Considers available materials
VISION MISSION

DIFFUN CAMPUS
2. Tailor material in line with student’s interest and individuality.

3. Teacher is the most important instructional material.
4. Students themselves can be instructional material.
5. The material should only supplement the teachers’ lecture and not to replace him/her.
6. Make use of one or two material at a time. Do not duplicate.
7. Use of variety of materials.
8. Make materials as simple as possible.
9. Make original material.
10. Make material interactive.
11. Materials in 3d are best to increase learning.
12. Do not overload a material. A handout should not look like another textbook.
Characteristics of Good/Appropriate IMs and Technology Tools

(SOURCE: support.skillscommons.org)
The use of Instructional materials serves as our springboard to arouse students’ interest.
It is a big help to utilize these materials in facilitating a better teaching and learning outcome.
Below are the characteristics of a good instructional material:
a. The size! It is a must that the material is discernible to be seen even by the farthest
student inside the class. Consider also the font style and font size.
b. The color! The aesthetics of the material often triggers the interest of the students. It
magnifies students’ response and participation.
c. The durability! It is important to note that production of materials should keep up
with long usage (value of reuse) so as to lessen the value of cost as well as the effort
in making them.
d. The economy! Resourcefulness and creativity of the teacher leads to the creation and
modification of learning resource. Considering the salary of the teacher, it is important
to find resources which are within the context of the learning construct without
compromising the quality of the material.
e. Its portability! Materials should be easy to transport/handle or accessible during
your teaching session. Especially during classes, materials should be within your
reach.
f. The relativity! For better comprehension, we make use of instructional materials. It
is significant; however, that teachers anchor the learning competencies to the lesson
and it should also be cascaded down to the entire lesson.
g. The uniqueness! The novelty of your material can arouse curiosity from the
students—let them manipulate the material to respond to their curiosity.
REFERENCES
https://zenodo.org
https://files.eric.ed.gov
British Journal of Education Vol.2,No.7,pp.26-31, December 2014 Published by European
Centre for Research Training and Development UK retrieved from www.eajournals.org
on July 21, 2020
Lagata, Tiny (Oct. 14, 2016). Characteristics of Good Instructional Materials retrieved from
https://www.scribd.com on August 1, 2020
Nwaka, N.G. &Ofojebe, W. N (2010).Strategies for coping with Shortage of Resources in
Primary School Administration in AnambraState.Journal of Education Leadership, 1 (1)
29-36.
Usman, Yunusa Dangara (2015). Educational Resources: An Integral Component for
Effective School Administration in Nigeria retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov on
July 23, 2020.
VISION MISSION

Information Sheet 7 TTL2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Information Sheet 7 TTL2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

MODULE 7: Producing Learning Resources using Technology Tools

1. Human and Non- • Produce learning resources

Overview of the Lesson

Figure 7.1 Available Human and Non-Human Resources

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Human Resources, Its Classification and Categorization

Factors influencing Human Resources:

3. The psychological factors

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

5. Competitive and non-competitive factors

8. Technology and the Arts

10. Economic factors

11. Social factors

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Issues and Challenges on Human Resource Management in Education

Goals and Role of Human Resource Management in Education

Strategic Role Operational Role

Figure 7.2 Roles of Human Resource

Challenges of Human Resource Management in Education

•A good remuneration tends to reduce inequalities between

•The problem of staffing is enormous. There are problem on

•ICT provides the most expensive means of rapid

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Technology Tools in Teaching Various Subject Areas

Classification of Education Resources

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Problems Associated with Resources Availability and Utilization in School

Figure 7.4 Problems on Resource Availability

Visual aids SIMs

Figure 7.5 Integration of SIMs to the Education Resource

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Form of Portraying Reality

Figure 7.6 Model of a Bicycle

2. Realia (real materials)- tangible material

Figure 7.7 Mock-up of a Train out of Varied Shapes

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

4. Diorama – representation of a real setting

Figure 7.8 Sample Diorama

5. Puppet – one of the most advance material being used in storytelling.

Figure 7.9 Marionette

• Shadow Puppet. Uses the shadow to create a presentation out of the

Figure 7.10 Shadow Puppet

• Finger Puppet. It uses the fingers to portray different characters of a puppet

Figure 7.11 Finger Puppet

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

• Rod Puppets. Puppet characters are help on a rod/stick during

Figure 7.12 Rod Puppet

III. Audio – Recording – sense of hearing

IV. Projected Materials

V. Educational Television (values)

Figure 7.13 The learners watching the movements of the planets.

General Rules in Developing Instructional Materials

1. Appropriateness – cardinal rule in selecting instructional material.