/C-1/1

Object: To conduct short-circuit and open-circuit test of a single phase transformer.

Theory: Open circuit and short circuit test of a transformer enable us to predict its performance
namely efficiency and voltage regulation without actually loading it. However, these tests are not
accurate rather approximate. Therefore, actual test will always be required for the measurement of
actual voltage regulation, efficiency and temperature rise.

Let

Wo = Power input at no load

Vo = Primary voltage applied under no load

Vsc = Primary voltage applied under short circuit condition.

Io = Primary current at no load

Isc = Primary current under short circuit condition

Wsc = Power input with the current Isc under short circuit condition

V1 = Rated primary voltage

I1fl = Rate full load primary current

I2fl = Rate full load secondary current

Wo = Iron losses

Wcufl = Full load copper loss

I1fl

= ( ---- ) 2 Wsc

Isc

Copper losses for ‘x’ times full load

Wcux = x2 Wcufl

I2

When x = ----

I2fl
I2 = Current at any load

V2 I2 Cos 

Efficiency = -------------------------------

V2 I2 Cos  + Wo + Wcux

Where Cos is the power factor of the load.

From S.C. test, the equivalent impedance referred to primary side is determined as;

Vsc

Z1 = -----

Isc

The equivalent resistance referred to primary side R1 = Wsc/Isc2

The equivalent reactance referred to primary side X = Z 2 −R 2

1 1 1
The voltage regulation for a primary current I1 and power factor Cos  is

I1 (R1 Cos   X1 Sin )

V.R.= --------------------------------

V1

Where (+) sign is for lagging p.f.

and (-) sign is for leading p.f.

Procedure:

Make the connections as shown in the diagram choosing appropriate values for the
instruments.