UNIT-II – (Part-4)

Over Head WATER TANK

I. Design of OVER HEAD TANKS

II. Design of DOMES
III. Design of RING BEAMS

(Only for internal circulation within SSNCE)

Overhead tanks in buildings
REGTANGULAR TANK SUPPORTED ON MASONRY WALLS
ALL ROUND
The design of such a tank consists of
(i) Design of vertical walls, and
(ii) Design of base slab.
(Note:- so far as the vertical walls are concerned,
they are designed in the same way as in the case
of tanks on ground level)
Base slab: The base slab will be designed as a
one-way or a two-way slab depending on the
lengths of the longer dimension, L and the shorter
dimension l .
REGTANGULAR TANK SUPPORTED ON MASONRY
WALLS ALL ROUND
REGTANGULAR
B.M.TANK
FORSUPPORTED ON MASONRY
BASE SLAB
WALLS ALL ROUND
REGTANGULAR
B.M.TANK
FORSUPPORTED ON MASONRY
BASE SLAB
WALLS ALL ROUND
B.M. FOR BASE SLAB
REGTANGULAR TANK SUPPORTED ON MASONRY
WALLS ALL ROUND
B.M. FOR BASE SLAB
REGTANGULAR TANK SUPPORTED ON MASONRY
WALLS ALL ROUND
B.M. FOR BASE SLAB
 Problem no 1
A reinforced, concrete water tank is 6 m
x 3 m with a maximum depth of 2.50 m.
Splay of 150 X 150 mm are provided at
the junction of walls and base slab. The
tank is supported on brick masonry walls
all round. Design the tank. Use M 20
concrete and Fe 415 steel.
 Problem no 1
Solution:
Design of the walls
These are designed as in the case of the tank
resting on ground.
In this case, the tank is of dimension 6m x 3m x
2.5m size, where the L/b = 6/3 =2 ratio is equal
to 2.
Hence the base slab should be designed as a
one way slab.
 Problem no 1
6.18 m

3.18 m
 Problem no 1
Design of the Base Slab
The thickness of the base slab may be made 40
mm greater than the thickness of the walls.
In this case, the thickness of the wall is 180 mm.
Hence,
the thickness of the base slab will be
= 180 + 40 = 220 mm.

Let l = height of water tank

 Problem no 1
Midspan section of the base slab: Maximum
sagging bending moment at the centre due to
weight of water and water pressure on the long
walls per m width.
Problem no 1
 Problem no 1

Mid span reinforcement

 Problem no 1
Check for a possibility of a hogging moment at
mid span of the slab.
Let us calculate the bending moment at the mid
span when the tank is full.
If even, when the tank is full the bending
moment at mid span is a sagging moment, it
should be concluded that there is no possibility
of occurrence of a hogging moment at mid span.
 Problem no 1
when the tank is full, the bending moment at the
centre
Problem no 1
 Problem no 1

Reinforcement at the
edge of the slab (close
to the wall)
Problem no 1
Problem no 1
Problem no 1
DESIGN OF DOMES
 DESIGN OF DOMES
Domes are shell structure which provided to
roof large circular areas.
 A dome consists of a shell which is generated
by the revolution of a geometrical curve about
an axis.
If a segment of a circle is revolved about the
vertical diameter, we get a spherical dome. A
conical dome is obtained by revolving a
triangle round a central pivot.
Though domes can cover large areas, they
need relatively very small thickness
 DESIGN OF DOMES
In most cases the thickness may be 75 mm to
150 mm. From this point of view domes are
economical. But economy may be offset by
the costly curved shattering required.
Domes are most efficient structurally since
they are subjected to compressive stresses
only.
Domes provided for water tanks have a rise
equal to 1/4 to 1/6 of the span.
DESIGN OF DOMES
 DESIGN OF DOMES
Stresses in a Spherical Dome:
Two types of stresses are caused in a dome slab.
They are
(i) Meridional thrust (ii) Hoop stress.
Meridional thrust: For purposes of analysis let us
consider the dome as formed by a series of
horizontal rings of decreasing diameters placed
one above the other (See Fig.). Hence if a load is
applied on the dome it gets resisted by these
horizontal rings. There will thus be a thrust of one
ring on the other. This thrust is called the
meridional thrust.
DESIGN OF DOMES
 Design of a dome
From load considerations the thickness
requirement for a dome is very small.
The thickness practically adopted is never less
than 100 mm.
The domes provided for water tanks are usually
spherical with a rise equal to l/4 to 1/6 of the
span.
Often the stresses in domes are compressive
and in dome constructions the compressive
stresses adopted arc 1/5 to 2/5 of the direct
stresses.
 Design of a dome
If the direct compressive stress be taken at 4 N
/ mm2 the compressive stress in concrete in
dome construction may be taken at 0.8 N / mm2
to 1.6 N / mm2.
The safe compressive stress in steel shall be
taken at 150 N/mm2.
 RING BEAM FOR A DOME.
 Very often the domes constructed are segmental
and not hemispherical.
 Hence the meridional thrust at the base of the
dome will be at an inclination with the
horizontal.
 The horizontal component of the meridional
thrust at the base will induce an outward push of
the cylindrical wall carrying the dome.
 In order to prevent this, a ring beam is provided
at the base of the dome.
 RING BEAM FOR A DOME.
The horizontal component of the meridional
thrust will be resisted by the ring beam by hoop
action.
Often the ring beam at the base is made by
thickening the edges and providing adequate
hoop steel to resist the hoop tension.
Sometimes no thickening of the edges may
become necessary and the requisite amount of
hoop steel will be sufficient.
 RING BEAM FOR A DOME.
Often a ring beam section may be based on an
architectural consideration.
A minimum of 0.3% of gross area shall be
provided as the reinforcement in each principal
direction for the dome section.
 PROBLEM NO 2
A spherical dome of a water tank of span 6
metres has arise of 1.20 metres. It carries
an all-inclusive distributed load of 600
N/m2 and a lanteral load of 800 kN at the
crown. Design the dome. Use M 20
concrete and Fe 415 steel.
 PROBLEM NO 2
Solution. Let the radius of the dome be R metres
 PROBLEM NO 2
Meridional thrust per metre run at springing
level
 PROBLEM NO 2
Let the shell be 100 mm thick.
Compressive stress due to meridional thrust

Hoop
stress
 PROBLEM NO 2
Similarly these stresses may be calculated at
other levels also.
These stresses are very low and hence a
minimum of 0.3% steel will be provided, in each
principal direction.
PROBLEM NO 2
 PROBLEM NO 2
Size of the ring beam.
The tensile stress on the equivalent concrete area
shall not exceed 1.20 N/mm2
Let A be the minimum area of the ring beam section.
.'. Equivalent concrete area :
= A + (13.33-1)452 = A + 5573 mm2
Limiting the tensile stress in concrete to 1.20 N/
mm2, we have,
 PROBLEM NO 2
Dome -
shell

Ring beam

Ring beam
 PROBLEM NO 2
The ring beam reinforcement should be bound by
ties of 10 mm dia. bars at 250 mm centre. These are
lapped with the dome reinforcement. If the bars
running along the meridians are allowed to be
continuous over the crown, there will be a
congestion of reinforcement at the crown.
It is, therefore, preferable to stop the meridian
reinforcement near the crown and a separate mesh
be provided near the zone of the crown. This is
shown in Fig. (next slide).
PROBLEM NO 2
 PROBLEM NO 2
Design a circular tank of diameter 5.75 m with a
d.ome of rise 0.90 tn. The cylindrical part has a
height of 3 metres. The tank is supported on
brick masonry walls all round. Allow a live load,
of 1840 N/m2 on the dome surface. Use M 20
concrete and Fe 250 steel.
PROBLEM NO 2
PROBLEM NO 2
PROBLEM NO 2
PROBLEM NO 2
PROBLEM NO 2
PROBLEM NO 2
PROBLEM NO 2
PROBLEM NO 2
PROBLEM NO 2
PROBLEM NO 2
PROBLEM NO 2
PROBLEM NO 2
PROBLEM NO 2
PROBLEM NO 2
Additional problem
DOME DESIGN - PROBLEM No 3
DOME DESIGN
DOME DESIGN PROBLEM
- PROBLEM No 3
DOME DESIGN - PROBLEM No 3
DOME DESIGN
DOME - PROBLEM
DESIGN PROBLEMNo 3
DOME DESIGN
DOME - PROBLEM
DESIGN PROBLEMNo 3
DOME DESIGN
DOME - PROBLEM
DESIGN PROBLEMNo 3
DOME DESIGN
DOME - PROBLEM
DESIGN PROBLEMNo 3
DOME DESIGN
DOME - PROBLEM
DESIGN PROBLEMNo 3
 DOME
DOME DESIGN
DESIGN PROBLEM
- PROBLEM No 3
END OF THIS PART