UNIT-II (PART-3)

DESIGN OF UNDERGROUND
TANKS

(ONLY FOR INTERNAL CIRCULATION WITHIN SSNCE)

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 Introduction – Underwater Tanks
Underground water tanks are quite common,
as they are used for storage of water received
from water supply mains operating at low
pressures, or received from other source.
Underground water tanks are usually of two
shapes : (i) circular shape, and (ij) rectangular
shape.
Generally, circular tanks are used for large
capacity. For tanks of smaller capacity,
The cost of shuttering for circular tanks
becomes high. Rectangular tanks are,
therefore, used in such circumstances.
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 Introduction – Underwater Tanks
However rectangular tanks are normally not used
for large capacities since they are uneconomical
and also, its exact analysis is difficult.
For a given capacity, perimeter is least for circular
tank.
When circular and rectangular tanks are situated
underground, the walls of the tank are to be
designed for earth pressure, as well as water
pressure acting separately, and also acting
simultaneously.
Similarly the floors of the tanks are to be
designed for hydrostatic pressure (if water table
is higher) acting upwards.
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 EARTH PRESSURE ON TANK WALLS
 The walls of underground tanks are designed
for earth pressure, specially as and when the
tank is empty.
 Such a condition is very is very frequently
experienced as and when the tank is emptied
for cleaning purposes.
 The active earth pressure, which varies
triangularly along the depth of tank wall,
depends upon the level above the bottom of
the tank, additional hydrostatic static
pressure due to sub-soil water will be
experienced.
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 EARTH PRESSURE ON TANK WALLS
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 EARTH PRESSURE ON TANK WALLS

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 EARTH PRESSURE ON TANK WALLS

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 UPLIFT PRESSURE ON THE FLOOR OF THE TANK
If the water table is below the floor level, the
floor of the tank is designed for the load of tank
wall, tank roof etc, assumed to be distributed
evenly ; the weight of later standing on the floor
and the self weight of the floor are assumed to
pass directly to the foundation.
 If however, the sub-soil water level (or ground
water level) is above the floor level of the tank,
uplift pressure, will be induced. When the tank is
empty, it should not float.
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 UPLIFT PRESSURE ON THE FLOOR OF THE TANK
The weight of empty tank must exceed the
floatation value to give a small factor of safety
of say 1.1 to 1.25, depending upon the
accuracy of local records of the highest
possible ground water level.
The total weight will include all permanent
construction such as roof or super-structure.
Also, the floor of the tank is designed for the
uplift pressure, for the empty tank condition.
This will require reinforcement in the reverse
direction than that required for downward
loading.
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 Problem no: 1
Design an underground water tank
4mx10mx3m deep. The sub soil consists
of sand having angle of repose of 30, and
saturated unit weight of 17kN/m3. The
water table is likely to rise upto ground
level. Use M 20 concrete and HYSD bars.
Take unit weight of water as 9.81 kN /m3.
- FROM B.C. PUNMIA

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 Problem no: 1
Solution:
1. General
There are four components of design :
(i) Design of long walls
(ii) Design of short walls
(iii) Design of roof slab
(iv) Design of base slab.

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 Problem no: 1
The design of the walls will be done under two
conditions :
(a) Tank full with water, with no earth fill
outside.
(b) Tank empty, with full earth pressure due to
saturated earth fill.

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 Problem no: 1
The base slab will be designed for uplift pressure
and the whole tank is to be tested against
floatation.
As the L/B ratio is greater than 2 the long walls
will be designed as cantilevers.
The bottom one metre (>H/4) of short walls will
be designed as cantilever while the top portion
will designed as slab supported by long walls.

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